CN105489866A - Lithium ion battery, anode composite thereof and preparation method - Google Patents
Lithium ion battery, anode composite thereof and preparation method Download PDFInfo
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- CN105489866A CN105489866A CN201610034453.5A CN201610034453A CN105489866A CN 105489866 A CN105489866 A CN 105489866A CN 201610034453 A CN201610034453 A CN 201610034453A CN 105489866 A CN105489866 A CN 105489866A
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
- H01M10/0525—Rocking-chair batteries, i.e. batteries with lithium insertion or intercalation in both electrodes; Lithium-ion batteries
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
Abstract
The invention discloses a lithium ion battery, an anode composite thereof and a preparation method. The anode composite comprises silicon oxide supported graphene, nano silicon, amorphous carbon and graphite, wherein the mass ratio of nano silicon to silicon oxide supported graphene to graphite to amorphous carbon is 1:(0.1-2):(5-50):(0.5-5). Nano silicon and silicon oxide supported graphene are dispersed in a solvent, subjected to ultrasonic treatment and stirring and uniformly mixed, then the solvent is removed, the mixture is subjected to high-temperature heat treatment in the presence of inert gas, and a nano silicon/silicon oxide supported graphene composite is obtained; the composite, graphite and an organic carbon source are dispersed in the solvent, subjected to ultrasonic treatment and stirring and uniformly mixed, then the solvent is removed, the mixture is subjected to high-temperature heat treatment again, and the silicon oxide/graphene-based silicon and carbon composite is obtained. The preparation method is simple and easy to implement, and the produced composite has high specific capacity, high coulombic efficiency and good cycle and rate capacity after being used as the lithium ion battery anode material.
Description
[technical field]
The invention belongs to electrode of lithium cell technical field, be specifically related to a kind of lithium ion battery and anode material thereof and preparation method.
[background technology]
The advantages such as lithium ion battery is large with its specific energy, operating voltage is high, self-discharge rate is little, volume is little, lightweight occupy major part market, 3C field already.Current business-like lithium ion battery negative material is mainly graphite, but theoretical capacity is only 372mAhg-1, can not meet the demand of market to high-energy-density gradually.Compared with conventional graphite negative pole, silicon has the theoretical specific capacity (4200mAh/g) of superelevation and lower doff lithium current potential (<0.5V), and the voltage platform of silicon is a little more than graphite, be difficult to cause surface to analyse lithium when charging, security performance is better.But silicon as shortcoming during lithium ion battery negative material also clearly.First, silicon is semi-conducting material, and the conductivity of self is lower; Secondly, in electrochemistry cyclic process, the embedding of lithium ion and deviate to make silica-base material volume that the Swelling and contraction of more than 300% occurs, consequent mechanicals efforts can make silica-base material efflorescence gradually, cause structure collapses, finally cause electrode active material and collector to depart from, lose electrical contact, and then the cycle performance of lithium ion battery is reduced greatly.At present mainly through then silicon grain nanometer being carried out the coated method of carbon to improve the cycle performance of silicon based anode material, but the silicon-carbon composite cathode material cycle performance prepared still can not reach the requirement of commercial application.
The stress that the mixture of silicon and silica produces due to change in volume when silica can relax silicon discharge and recharge, so compared with silicon, cycle performance is more excellent.But because the mixture of silicon and silica lacks conductivity, for battery, discharge capacity significantly reduces at higher current densities.Therefore, need to design a kind of novel composite material, make it meet high cycle performance and high rate capability simultaneously, the application of silica-based composite negative pole material just can be made to obtain large breakthrough.
[summary of the invention]
Technical problem to be solved by this invention is for above-mentioned deficiency of the prior art, provides a kind of specific capacity is high, coulombic efficiency is high, good cycle, high rate performance are good lithium ion battery and anode material thereof and preparation method.
The present invention is by the following technical solutions:
A kind of composite cathode material of lithium ion battery, comprise silica supported Graphene, nano-silicon, amorphous carbon, and graphite, the mass ratio of nano-silicon, silica supported Graphene, graphite and amorphous carbon is 1:(0.1 ~ 2): (5 ~ 50): (0.5 ~ 5).
Further, nano-silicon is of a size of 10 ~ 200nm.
Further, silica supported Graphene is loaded on graphene oxide by original position after teos hydrolysis and obtains.
Further, agraphitic carbon mainly organic carbon source obtain after high temperature pyrolysis.
A preparation method for composite cathode material of lithium ion battery, comprises the following steps:
1) by nano-silicon, silica supported graphene dispersion in a solvent, through ultrasonic, stirring, to be mixed evenly rear except desolventizing, then keep 0.5 ~ 24h after being raised to 600 DEG C ~ 1000 DEG C with the programming rate of 2 ~ 10 DEG C/min under nitrogen and/or ar gas environment, obtain the graphene complex of nano-silicon/silica supported;
2) by step 1) compound that obtains and graphite, organic carbon source dispersion in a solvent, again through ultrasonic, stirring, to be mixed evenly rear except desolventizing, then keep 0.5 ~ 24h after being raised to 600 DEG C ~ 1000 DEG C with the programming rate of 2 ~ 10 DEG C/min under nitrogen and/or ar gas environment, obtain silica/graphene-based Si-C composite material.
Further, solvent comprises one or more in water, ethanol, methyl alcohol, ethylene glycol, 1-METHYLPYRROLIDONE, NN-dimethyl formamide.
Further, except the mode of desolventizing is add the one in thermal agitation evaporate to dryness, spraying dry, rotary evaporation.
Further, organic carbon source in step 2 comprise in phenolic resins, melamine resin, epoxy resin, chlorinated polyvinyl chloride, pitch one or more, compound and graphite, the weight ratio of organic carbon source is 1:(5 ~ 150): (0.55 ~ 15).
A kind of lithium ion battery, comprise positive pole and negative pole, negative pole comprises anode material.
Further, composite material and binding agent, conductive agent, dispersant furnishing slurry, to be coated on Copper Foil, and through vacuumize, roll-in, is prepared into negative plate; Positive pole adopts metal lithium sheet, water and the ethanol of dispersant to be volume ratio be 1:3.
Compared with prior art, the present invention at least has following beneficial effect: preparation method of the present invention is simple, has high specific capacity and coulombic efficiency when the composite material produced uses as lithium ion battery negative; The composite material produced has good circulation performance and high rate performance when using as lithium ion battery negative.
[embodiment]
The invention provides a kind of composite cathode material of lithium ion battery to form primarily of nano-silicon, silica supported Graphene, graphite and agraphitic carbon.Wherein, nano-silicon is of a size of 10 ~ 200nm, and the mass ratio of nano-silicon, silica supported Graphene, graphite and amorphous carbon is 1:(0.1 ~ 2): (5 ~ 50): (0.5 ~ 5).Silica supported Graphene is loaded on graphene oxide by original position after teos hydrolysis and obtains, and agraphitic carbon mainly organic carbon source obtains after high temperature pyrolysis.
Silica supported Graphene add beneficial effect electrode active material being had to two aspects.First, compound-nano-silicon that nano-silicon and silica supported Graphene are at high temperature formed/silica supported graphene complex effectively can alleviate the volumetric expansion problem of material in nano-silicon charge and discharge process, thus increases the cycle performance of material.Secondly, the electric conductivity of Graphene excellence adds the conductivity of composite cathode material of lithium ion battery, reduces the polarization phenomena of material, and reduces the internal resistance of battery, makes lithium ion battery have good high rate performance.
The invention provides a kind of preparation method of composite cathode material of lithium ion battery, comprise the following steps:
1) by nano-silicon, silica supported graphene dispersion in the first solvent, through ultrasonic, stirring, to be mixed evenly rear except desolventizing, then keep 0.5 ~ 24h after being raised to 600 DEG C ~ 1000 DEG C with the programming rate of 2 ~ 10 DEG C/min under nitrogen or ar gas environment, obtain the graphene complex of nano-silicon/silica supported;
2) by step 1) compound that obtains and graphite, organic carbon source be dispersed in the second solvent, again through ultrasonic, stirring, to be mixed evenly rear except desolventizing, then keep 0.5 ~ 24h after being raised to 600 DEG C ~ 1000 DEG C with the programming rate of 2 ~ 10 DEG C/min under nitrogen or ar gas environment, obtain silica/graphene-based Si-C composite material.
Wherein, the first solvent and the second solvent comprise one or more in water, ethanol, methyl alcohol, ethylene glycol, 1-METHYLPYRROLIDONE, NN-dimethyl formamide respectively.Mode except desolventizing is add the one in thermal agitation evaporate to dryness, spraying dry, rotary evaporation.
Organic carbon source in step 2 comprise in phenolic resins, melamine resin, epoxy resin, chlorinated polyvinyl chloride, pitch one or more, compound and graphite, the weight ratio of organic carbon source is 1:(5 ~ 150): (0.55 ~ 15).
In order to further illustrate the present invention, below in conjunction with embodiment, lithium-ion capacitor anode material provided by the invention and preparation method thereof being described in detail, but they can not being interpreted as limiting the scope of the present invention.
Embodiment 1
1) graphene oxide silica supported to 1 weight portion nano-silicon, 0.1 weight portion is dispersed in water, ultrasonic 30min, stirring, to be mixedly evenly add thermal agitation by water evaporate to dryness at latter 80 DEG C, then under a nitrogen, be incubated 24h after being raised to 600 DEG C with the programming rate of 2 DEG C/min, obtain the graphene complex of nano-silicon/silica supported;
2) by 1 weight portion step 1) compound that obtains and 11 parts by weight of graphite, 15 parts by weight of phenolic resin dispersions in ethanol, ultrasonic 30min, stirring, to be mixedly evenly add thermal agitation by ethanol evaporate to dryness at latter 80 DEG C, then under a nitrogen, be incubated 24h after being raised to 600 DEG C with the programming rate of 2 DEG C/min, obtain required silica/graphene-based silicon-carbon cathode composite material.
Embodiment 2
1) graphene oxide silica supported to 1 weight portion nano-silicon, 2 weight portions is dispersed in water, ultrasonic 30min, stirring, to be mixedly evenly add thermal agitation by water evaporate to dryness at latter 80 DEG C, then under a nitrogen, be incubated 24h after being raised to 1000 DEG C with the programming rate of 10 DEG C/min, obtain the graphene complex of nano-silicon/silica supported;
2) by 1 weight portion step 1) compound that obtains and 150 parts by weight of graphite, 0.55 weight portion melamine resin dispersion in ethanol, ultrasonic 30min, stirring, to be mixedly evenly add thermal agitation by ethanol evaporate to dryness at latter 80 DEG C, then under a nitrogen, be incubated 24h after being raised to 1000 DEG C with the programming rate of 10 DEG C/min, obtain required silica/graphene-based silicon-carbon cathode composite material.
Embodiment 3
1) by graphene oxide silica supported to 1 weight portion nano-silicon, 1 weight portion dispersion in ethanol, ultrasonic 30min, stirring, to be mixedly evenly add thermal agitation by ethanol evaporate to dryness at latter 80 DEG C, then under a nitrogen, be incubated 0.5h after being raised to 800 DEG C with the programming rate of 10 DEG C/min, obtain the graphene complex of nano-silicon/silica supported;
2) by 1 weight portion step 1) compound that obtains and 5 parts by weight of graphite, 1 weight portion pitch dispersion in ethanol, ultrasonic 30min, stirring, to be mixedly evenly add thermal agitation by ethanol evaporate to dryness at latter 80 DEG C, then under argon gas, be incubated 0.5h after being raised to 800 DEG C with the programming rate of 10 DEG C/min, obtain required silica/graphene-based silicon-carbon cathode composite material.
Embodiment 4
1) graphene oxide silica supported to 1 weight portion nano-silicon, 0.2 weight portion is dispersed in methyl alcohol, ultrasonic 30min, stirring, to be mixedly evenly add thermal agitation by methyl alcohol evaporate to dryness at latter 80 DEG C, then under argon gas, be incubated 8h after being raised to 800 DEG C with the programming rate of 5 DEG C/min, obtain the graphene complex of nano-silicon/silica supported;
2) by 1 weight portion step 1) compound that obtains and 10 parts by weight of graphite, 1 parts by weight epoxy resin dispersion ultrasonic 30min, stirring in ethanol, to be mixedly evenly add thermal agitation at latter 80 DEG C ethanol is done, then under argon gas, be incubated 4h after being raised to 800 DEG C with the programming rate of 10 DEG C/min, obtain required silica/graphene-based silicon-carbon cathode composite material.
Embodiment 5
1) graphene oxide silica supported to 1 weight portion nano-silicon, 0.1 weight portion is dispersed in water, ultrasonic 30min, stirring, to be mixedly evenly add thermal agitation by water evaporate to dryness at latter 80 DEG C, then under a nitrogen, be incubated 24h after being raised to 600 DEG C with the programming rate of 2 DEG C/min, obtain the graphene complex of nano-silicon/silica supported;
2) by 1 weight portion step 1) compound that obtains and 11 parts by weight of graphite, 15 weight portion chlorinated polyvinyl chloride dispersions in ethanol, ultrasonic 30min, stirring, to be mixedly evenly carry out spraying dry, the powder obtained under a nitrogen, be incubated 24h after being raised to 600 DEG C with the programming rate of 2 DEG C/min, obtain required silica/graphene-based silicon-carbon cathode composite material.
Embodiment 6
1) graphene oxide silica supported to 1 weight portion nano-silicon, 0.2 weight portion is dispersed in methyl alcohol, ultrasonic 30min, stirring, to be mixedly evenly add thermal agitation by methyl alcohol evaporate to dryness at latter 80 DEG C, then under argon gas, be incubated 8h after being raised to 800 DEG C with the programming rate of 5 DEG C/min, obtain the graphene complex of nano-silicon/silica supported;
2) by 1 weight portion step 1) compound that obtains and 10 parts by weight of graphite, 1 weight portion pitch dispersion ultrasonic 30min, stirring in ethanol, evenly rotary evaporation evaporate to dryness at latter 80 DEG C to be mixed, then under argon gas, be incubated 4h after being raised to 800 DEG C with the programming rate of 10 DEG C/min, obtain required silica/graphene-based silicon-carbon cathode composite material.
A kind of lithium ion battery, comprise positive pole and negative pole, negative pole comprises anode material, composite material and binding agent, conductive agent, dispersant furnishing slurry, is coated on Copper Foil, and through vacuumize, roll-in, is prepared into negative plate; Positive pole adopts metal lithium sheet, water and the ethanol of dispersant to be volume ratio be 1:3.
Composite material prepared by Example 1 ~ 6 is as negative material, with binding agent (LA132), conductive agent (Super-P) and dispersant (water and ethanol, volume ratio position 1:3) furnishing slurry, be coated on Copper Foil, and through vacuumize, roll-in, is prepared into negative plate; Positive pole adopts metal lithium sheet, and the organic electrolyte of use is 1MLiPF6/EC+PC+DEC (mol ratio is 1:1:1), and barrier film is polypropylene, makes CR2025 type button cell.Test condition is normal temperature, discharge and recharge under 0.1C, and charging/discharging voltage is restricted to 0.005 ~ 1.5V, and experimental result shows, after charge and discharge cycles 300 times, the specific capacity of composite cathode material of lithium ion battery provided by the invention remains on more than 80%; There is high specific capacity and coulombic efficiency; Good circulation performance and high rate performance.
The half-cell test performance of the composite material prepared by the inventive method is as follows:
Embodiment performance | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 |
Discharge capacity (mAh/g) first | 821 | 402 | 683 | 649 | 438 | 656 |
Coulombic efficiency (%) first | 85.6 | 95.4 | 89.5 | 90.7 | 92.1 | 89.2 |
Specific discharge capacity (mAh/g) after circulating 300 weeks | 694 | 379 | 573 | 566 | 393 | 568 |
Circulate 300 weeks capability retentions (%) | 73.0 | 94.2 | 83.9 | 87.2 | 89.9 | 86.7 |
Graphene and nano-silicon disperse in a solvent by the graphene-based Si-C composite material prepared by the present invention in preparation process, are conducive to the dispersion of the two, inhibit the reuniting effect of nano material, also well improve the dispersion effect of silicon.
In addition, the preparation method of this composite cathode material of lithium ion battery provided is simple, degree of being practical is high, raw material is easy to get, reduce production cost, be beneficial to the extensive use of lithium ion battery, and the graphene-based Si-C composite material of preparation has higher capacity, greatly improves the cycle performance of silica-base material.
Claims (10)
1. a composite cathode material of lithium ion battery, it is characterized in that: comprise silica supported Graphene, nano-silicon, amorphous carbon, and graphite, the mass ratio of described nano-silicon, silica supported Graphene, graphite and amorphous carbon is 1:(0.1 ~ 2): (5 ~ 50): (0.5 ~ 5).
2. composite cathode material of lithium ion battery according to claim 1, is characterized in that, described nano-silicon is of a size of 10 ~ 200nm.
3. composite cathode material of lithium ion battery according to claim 1, is characterized in that, described silica supported Graphene is loaded on graphene oxide by original position after teos hydrolysis and obtains.
4. composite cathode material of lithium ion battery according to claim 1, is characterized in that, described agraphitic carbon mainly organic carbon source obtains after high temperature pyrolysis.
5. a preparation method for composite cathode material of lithium ion battery, comprises the following steps:
1) by nano-silicon, silica supported graphene dispersion in a solvent, through ultrasonic, stirring, to be mixed evenly rear except desolventizing, then keep 0.5 ~ 24h after being raised to 600 DEG C ~ 1000 DEG C with the programming rate of 2 ~ 10 DEG C/min under nitrogen or ar gas environment, obtain the graphene complex of nano-silicon/silica supported;
2) by step 1) compound that obtains and graphite, organic carbon source disperse in a solvent, again through ultrasonic, stirring, to be mixed evenly rear except desolventizing, then keep 0.5 ~ 24h after being raised to 600 DEG C ~ 1000 DEG C with the programming rate of 2 ~ 10 DEG C/min under nitrogen or ar gas environment, obtain silica/graphene-based Si-C composite material.
6. the preparation method of a kind of composite cathode material of lithium ion battery according to claim 5, is characterized in that: described solvent is one or more in water, ethanol, methyl alcohol, ethylene glycol, 1-METHYLPYRROLIDONE, NN-dimethyl formamide.
7. the preparation method of a kind of composite cathode material of lithium ion battery according to claim 5, is characterized in that: the described mode except desolventizing is add the one in thermal agitation evaporate to dryness, spraying dry, rotary evaporation.
8. the preparation method of a kind of composite cathode material of lithium ion battery according to claim 5, it is characterized in that: the organic carbon source in described step 2 comprise in phenolic resins, melamine resin, epoxy resin, chlorinated polyvinyl chloride, pitch one or more, described compound and graphite, the weight ratio of organic carbon source is 1:(5 ~ 150): (0.55 ~ 15).
9. a lithium ion battery, comprises positive pole and negative pole, it is characterized in that, described negative pole comprises the anode material as described in claim 5-8.
10. a kind of lithium ion battery according to claim 9, is characterized in that: described composite material and binding agent, conductive agent, dispersant furnishing slurry, be coated on Copper Foil, and through vacuumize, roll-in, is prepared into negative plate; Described positive pole adopts metal lithium sheet, water and the ethanol of described dispersant to be volume ratio be 1:3.
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CN106744916A (en) * | 2016-12-21 | 2017-05-31 | 上海杉杉科技有限公司 | A kind of method of modifying of high rate lithium ionic cell cathode material |
CN107204445A (en) * | 2017-05-26 | 2017-09-26 | 郑州中科新兴产业技术研究院 | A kind of lithium ion battery three-dimensional porous silicon-carbon cathode material and preparation method thereof |
CN108232139A (en) * | 2017-12-20 | 2018-06-29 | 中国科学院福建物质结构研究所 | A kind of graphene composite material and preparation method thereof |
CN108565437A (en) * | 2018-05-18 | 2018-09-21 | 国家能源投资集团有限责任公司 | Si-C composite material and its preparation method and application |
CN110911731A (en) * | 2018-09-14 | 2020-03-24 | 江苏师范大学 | Preparation method of composite lithium battery |
CN111063872A (en) * | 2019-12-10 | 2020-04-24 | 中国科学院山西煤炭化学研究所 | Silicon-carbon negative electrode material and preparation method thereof |
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JP7101819B2 (en) | 2018-05-18 | 2022-07-15 | 国家能源投資集団有限責任公司 | Amorphous carbon material, manufacturing method and use |
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CN106744916A (en) * | 2016-12-21 | 2017-05-31 | 上海杉杉科技有限公司 | A kind of method of modifying of high rate lithium ionic cell cathode material |
CN107204445B (en) * | 2017-05-26 | 2019-07-19 | 郑州中科新兴产业技术研究院 | A kind of lithium ion battery three-dimensional porous silicon-carbon cathode material and preparation method thereof |
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CN108232139A (en) * | 2017-12-20 | 2018-06-29 | 中国科学院福建物质结构研究所 | A kind of graphene composite material and preparation method thereof |
CN108232139B (en) * | 2017-12-20 | 2020-08-28 | 中国科学院福建物质结构研究所 | Graphene composite material and preparation method thereof |
CN108565437A (en) * | 2018-05-18 | 2018-09-21 | 国家能源投资集团有限责任公司 | Si-C composite material and its preparation method and application |
WO2019218503A1 (en) * | 2018-05-18 | 2019-11-21 | 国家能源投资集团有限责任公司 | Silicon-carbon composite material, preparation method for same, and applications thereof |
CN108565437B (en) * | 2018-05-18 | 2019-06-11 | 国家能源投资集团有限责任公司 | Si-C composite material and its preparation method and application |
JP7101819B2 (en) | 2018-05-18 | 2022-07-15 | 国家能源投資集団有限責任公司 | Amorphous carbon material, manufacturing method and use |
US11677069B2 (en) | 2018-05-18 | 2023-06-13 | China Energy Investment Corporation Limited | Silicon-carbon composite material and preparation method and use thereof |
CN110911731A (en) * | 2018-09-14 | 2020-03-24 | 江苏师范大学 | Preparation method of composite lithium battery |
CN110911731B (en) * | 2018-09-14 | 2021-01-19 | 江苏师范大学 | Preparation method of composite lithium battery |
CN111063872A (en) * | 2019-12-10 | 2020-04-24 | 中国科学院山西煤炭化学研究所 | Silicon-carbon negative electrode material and preparation method thereof |
CN114583148A (en) * | 2022-03-05 | 2022-06-03 | 青岛泰达华润新能源科技有限公司 | Preparation method of silicon oxide-based graphite composite negative electrode material for lithium ion battery |
CN114583148B (en) * | 2022-03-05 | 2024-04-16 | 青岛泰达华润新能源科技有限公司 | Preparation method of silicon oxide-based graphite composite anode material for lithium ion battery |
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