CN108598196B - 一种高耐候性太阳能电池背板及其制备方法 - Google Patents
一种高耐候性太阳能电池背板及其制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种高耐候性太阳能电池背板,由内到外依次包括第一耐候层、绝缘及阻隔层和第二耐候层,所述第一耐候层与绝缘及阻隔层、绝缘及阻隔层与第二耐候层之间分别通过粘合层粘接;所述第一耐候层和第二耐候层均为硅芴类含氟树脂材料层;所述绝缘及阻隔层为聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯(PET)层;所述粘合层为乙烯‑醋酸乙烯共聚物与JD919氨基四官能团环氧树脂共混物层。所述高耐候性太阳能电池背板的制备方法,包括等离子体电晕处理、叠层、层压、熟化步骤。本发明公开的高耐候性太阳能电池背板具有优异的耐候性、电绝缘性能、防氧化、抗潮湿、长期防止粘合物的水解性能和阻隔性能。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于太阳能电池制造技术领域,涉及一种太阳能电池组件封装材料,具体地说,涉及一种高耐候性太阳能电池背板及其制备方法。
背景技术
近年来,随着经济的高速发展及全球工业化进程的推进,能源和环境问题仍然是制约着社会进步的重要因素。为了解决这些问题,清洁可再生能源装置引起了业内的广泛关注。太阳能电池是众多清洁可再生能源装置中的一种,其是通过光电效应或者光化学效应直接把光能转化成电能的装置,由于其具有优异的光电转化效率,较长的循环使用寿命和清洁无环境污染的特性,被广泛应用于军事、航天、工业、商业、农业、通信、家用电器以及公用设施等方面,为减轻现有生产生活对煤电行业的依赖作出了突出贡献。
太阳能电池背板是太阳能电池组件封装材料之一,其能有效提高太阳能电池板的整体机械强度,且可以防止由于水汽渗透到密封层而引起的电池片的使用寿命下降。因此,太阳能电池背板性能的好坏直接影响太阳能电池的光电转化效率和循环使用寿命。
目前,市售太阳能电池背板均为多层复合结构,都是以聚酯膜为基材膜,覆合含氟材料如聚氟乙烯膜、聚偏二氟乙烯膜(PVDF)或者涂布氟碳树脂等制造而成的,但这些含氟材料大多从国外进口,价格较贵,生产工艺复杂,与芯层材料的层间剥离强度差,容易脱落,制备的背板粘接性差、电绝缘性低、耐候性较差、容易脆化、撕裂,无法满足高端产品要求。
因此,开发一种同时具有优异的耐候性、电绝缘性能、防氧化、抗潮湿、长期防止粘合物的水解性能和阻隔性能的太阳能电池背板具有重要的市场价值,对促进太阳能电池行业的进一步发展具有积极促进作用。
发明内容
为了克服现有技术中的缺陷,本发明提供一种高耐候性太阳能电池背板及其制备方法,该制备方法工艺简单易行,原料易得,价格低廉,对设备和反应条件要求不高,适合大规模生产;通过所述制备方法制备得到的高耐候性太阳能电池背板克服了现有技术中传统太阳能电池背板价格昂贵,层间剥离强度差,容易脱落,电绝缘性低,粘接性和耐候性较差,容易脆化、撕裂,无法满足高端产品要求的技术问题,具有优异的耐候性、电绝缘性能、防氧化、抗潮湿、长期防止粘合物的水解性能和阻隔性能。
为达到上述发明目的,本发明采用的技术方案是,一种高耐候性太阳能电池背板,由内到外依次包括第一耐候层、绝缘阻隔层和第二耐候层,所述第一耐候层与绝缘阻隔层、绝缘阻隔层与第二耐候层之间分别通过粘合层粘接;所述第一耐候层和第二耐候层均为硅芴类含氟树脂材料层;所述绝缘阻隔层为聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯(PET)层;所述粘合层为乙烯-醋酸乙烯共聚物与JD919氨基四官能团环氧树脂共混物层。
优选地,所述硅芴类含氟树脂材料的制备方法,包括如下步骤:
1)将甲基乙烯基硅芴、丁二烯、甲基丙烯酸六氟丁酯、2-乙烯基异烟腈、乳化剂、引发剂溶于高沸点溶剂中,在60-65℃氮气或惰性气体氛围下搅拌反应2.5-3.5小时,后在乙醇中沉出,并置于真空干燥箱中75-85℃下烘10-15小时,得到硅芴类含氟共聚物;
2)将经过步骤1)制备得到的硅芴类含氟共聚物溶于N-甲基吡咯烷酮中,再向其中加入3-苯基-1,2,4-***-5-硫醇、甲醇和催化剂,在40-50℃下搅拌反应0.5-1小时,然后在乙醇中沉出,并用乙酸乙酯洗涤产物4-6次,后置于真空干燥箱中75-85℃下烘10-15小时,得到硅芴类含氟树脂材料。
进一步地,步骤1)中所述甲基乙烯基硅芴、丁二烯、甲基丙烯酸六氟丁酯、2-乙烯基异烟腈、乳化剂、引发剂、高沸点溶剂的质量比为1:(0.3-0.5):1:(0.5-1):(0.01-0.03):(0.01-0.03):(10-15)。
较佳地,所述高沸点溶剂选自二甲亚砜、N,N-二甲基甲酰胺、N-甲基吡咯烷酮中的一种或几种。
较佳地,所述惰性气体选自氦气、氖气、氩气中的一种或几种。
较佳地,所述乳化剂选自所述乳化剂选自十二烷基苯磺酸钠、聚氧烯聚乙烯甘油醚、壬基酚聚氧乙烯醚中的一种或几种。
较佳地,所述引发剂选自偶氮二异丁腈、偶氮二异庚腈、过氧化苯甲酸叔丁酯、过氧化二碳酸二环己酯中的一种或几种。
优选地,步骤2)所述硅芴类含氟共聚物、N-甲基吡咯烷酮、3-苯基-1,2,4-***-5-硫醇、甲醇、催化剂的质量比为(3-5):(10-15):1:(2-3):(1-2)。
优选地,所述催化剂选自正丙胺、二乙基胺、二甲基苯基磷、四丁基溴化铵中的一种或几种。
优选地,所述乙烯-醋酸乙烯共聚物与JD919氨基四官能团环氧树脂共混物的制备方法,包括如下步骤:
1)将JD919氨基四官能团环氧树脂、氯甲基三甲基硅烷溶于N,N-二甲基甲酰胺中,在室温下搅拌反应4-6小时,后旋蒸除去溶剂,并用***洗涤粗产物5-8次,再置于真空干燥箱70-80℃下烘13-18小时,得到季胺化JD919氨基四官能团环氧树脂;
2)将经过步骤1)制备得到的季胺化JD919氨基四官能团环氧树脂、乙烯-醋酸乙烯共聚物投入高速混合机中,混合均匀,得到混合料,再将混合料投入双螺杆挤出机中挤出成型,得到乙烯-醋酸乙烯共聚物与JD919氨基四官能团环氧树脂共混物。
优选地,步骤1)中所述JD919氨基四官能团环氧树脂、氯甲基三甲基硅烷、N,N-二甲基甲酰胺的质量比为(2-4):1:(10-15)。
优选地,步骤2)中所述季胺化JD919氨基四官能团环氧树脂、乙烯-醋酸乙烯共聚物的质量比为1:(2-4)。
优选地,所述高耐候性太阳能电池背板的制备方法,包括如下步骤:
S1、将第一耐候层、绝缘阻隔层和第二耐候层都放入等离子体腔内,在功率为120-150W下分别进行电晕处理15-35分钟;
S2、按由内到外依次包括第一耐候层、粘合层、绝缘阻隔层、粘合层、第二耐候层的顺序进行叠层,然后在110℃-150℃下通过层压机将其进行层压,再在室温下熟化1-2天,熟化后得到高耐候性太阳能电池背板。
采用上述技术方案所产生的有益效果在于:
1)本发明提供的高耐候性太阳能电池背板的制备方法,工艺简单易行,原料易得,价格低廉,对设备和反应条件要求不高,适合大规模生产。
2)本发明提供的高耐候性太阳能电池背板,克服了现有技术中传统太阳能电池背板价格昂贵,层间剥离强度差,容易脱落,电绝缘性低,粘接性和耐候性较差,容易脆化、撕裂,无法满足高端产品要求的技术问题,具有优异的耐候性、电绝缘性能、防氧化、抗潮湿、长期防止粘合物的水解性能和阻隔性能。
3)本发明提供的高耐候性太阳能电池背板,采用乙烯-醋酸乙烯共聚物与JD919氨基四官能团环氧树脂共混物作为粘合层,乙烯-醋酸乙烯共聚物侧链上的羧酸基与JD919氨基四官能团环氧树脂通过离子键固定连接,能提高二种材料间的相容性,提高综合性能;另外,其结合了乙烯-醋酸乙烯共聚物与JD919氨基四官能团环氧树脂共混物的优点,粘结力强、耐候性、抗氧化性、耐热性好,不易脱落,从而延长太阳能电池的使用寿命。
4)本发明提供的高耐候性太阳能电池背板,在耐候层引入硅芴结构和含氟结构、氰基结构等,能有效提高背板的综合性能基体材料,通过点击反应引入***,提高了抗紫外老化能力,引入硫基,在聚合物中起到交联的作用,提高材料的力学性能和化学稳定性。
具体实施方式
为了使本技术领域人员更好地理解本发明的技术方案,并使本发明的上述特征、目的以及优点更加清晰易懂,下面结合实施例对本发明做进一步的说明。实施例仅用于说明本发明而不用于限制本发明的范围。
本发明下述实施例中所使用的JD919氨基四官能团环氧树脂购自湖南嘉盛德材料科技有限公司,其他原料购自国药集团化学试剂有限公司。
实施例1
一种高耐候性太阳能电池背板,由内到外依次包括第一耐候层、绝缘阻隔层和第二耐候层,所述第一耐候层与绝缘阻隔层、绝缘阻隔层与第二耐候层之间分别通过粘合层粘接;所述第一耐候层和第二耐候层均为硅芴类含氟树脂材料层;所述绝缘阻隔层为聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯(PET)层;所述粘合层为乙烯-醋酸乙烯共聚物与JD919氨基四官能团环氧树脂共混物层。
所述硅芴类含氟树脂材料的制备方法,包括如下步骤:
1)将甲基乙烯基硅芴10g、丁二烯3g、甲基丙烯酸六氟丁酯10g、2-乙烯基异烟腈5g、十二烷基苯磺酸钠0.1g、偶氮二异丁腈0.1g溶于二甲亚砜100g中,在60℃氮气氛围下搅拌反应2.5小时,后在乙醇中沉出,并置于真空干燥箱中75℃下烘10小时,得到硅芴类含氟共聚物;
2)将经过步骤1)制备得到的硅芴类含氟共聚物9g溶于N-甲基吡咯烷酮30g中,再向其中加入3-苯基-1,2,4-***-5-硫醇3g、甲醇6g和正丙胺3g,在40℃下搅拌反应0.5小时,然后在乙醇中沉出,并用乙酸乙酯洗涤产物4次,后置于真空干燥箱中75℃下烘10小时,得到硅芴类含氟树脂材料。
所述乙烯-醋酸乙烯共聚物与JD919氨基四官能团环氧树脂共混物的制备方法,包括如下步骤:
1)将JD919氨基四官能团环氧树脂20g、氯甲基三甲基硅烷10g溶于N,N-二甲基甲酰胺100g中,在室温下搅拌反应4小时,后旋蒸除去溶剂,并用***洗涤粗产物5次,再置于真空干燥箱70℃下烘13小时,得到季胺化JD919氨基四官能团环氧树脂;
2)将经过步骤1)制备得到的季胺化JD919氨基四官能团环氧树脂20g、乙烯-醋酸乙烯共聚物40g投入高速混合机中,混合均匀,得到混合料,再将混合料投入双螺杆挤出机中挤出成型,得到乙烯-醋酸乙烯共聚物与JD919氨基四官能团环氧树脂共混物。
所述高耐候性太阳能电池背板的制备方法,包括如下步骤:
S1、将第一耐候层、绝缘阻隔层和第二耐候层都放入等离子体腔内,在功率为120W下分别进行电晕处理15分钟;
S2、按由内到外依次包括第一耐候层、粘合层、绝缘阻隔层、粘合层、第二耐候层的顺序进行叠层,然后在110℃下通过层压机将其进行层压,再在室温下熟化1天,熟化后得到高耐候性太阳能电池背板。
实施例2
一种高耐候性太阳能电池背板,由内到外依次包括第一耐候层、绝缘阻隔层和第二耐候层,所述第一耐候层与绝缘阻隔层、绝缘阻隔层与第二耐候层之间分别通过粘合层粘接;所述第一耐候层和第二耐候层均为硅芴类含氟树脂材料层;所述绝缘阻隔层为聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯(PET)层;所述粘合层为乙烯-醋酸乙烯共聚物与JD919氨基四官能团环氧树脂共混物层。
所述硅芴类含氟树脂材料的制备方法,包括如下步骤:
3)将甲基乙烯基硅芴10g、丁二烯3.5g、甲基丙烯酸六氟丁酯10g、2-乙烯基异烟腈6g、聚氧烯聚乙烯甘油醚0.15g、偶氮二异庚腈0.15g溶于N,N-二甲基甲酰胺110g中,在62℃氦气氛围下搅拌反应2.5-3.5小时,后在乙醇中沉出,并置于真空干燥箱中78℃下烘12小时,得到硅芴类含氟共聚物;
4)将经过步骤1)制备得到的硅芴类含氟共聚物11g溶于N-甲基吡咯烷酮35g中,再向其中加入3-苯基-1,2,4-***-5-硫醇3g、甲醇7g和二乙基胺4g,在45℃下搅拌反应0.6小时,然后在乙醇中沉出,并用乙酸乙酯洗涤产物5次,后置于真空干燥箱中80℃下烘12小时,得到硅芴类含氟树脂材料。
所述乙烯-醋酸乙烯共聚物与JD919氨基四官能团环氧树脂共混物的制备方法,包括如下步骤:
1)将JD919氨基四官能团环氧树脂25g、氯甲基三甲基硅烷10g溶于N,N-二甲基甲酰胺120g中,在室温下搅拌反应5小时,后旋蒸除去溶剂,并用***洗涤粗产物7次,再置于真空干燥箱76℃下烘15小时,得到季胺化JD919氨基四官能团环氧树脂;
2)将经过步骤1)制备得到的季胺化JD919氨基四官能团环氧树脂20g、乙烯-醋酸乙烯共聚物55g投入高速混合机中,混合均匀,得到混合料,再将混合料投入双螺杆挤出机中挤出成型,得到乙烯-醋酸乙烯共聚物与JD919氨基四官能团环氧树脂共混物。
所述高耐候性太阳能电池背板的制备方法,包括如下步骤:
S1、将第一耐候层、绝缘阻隔层和第二耐候层都放入等离子体腔内,在功率为130W下分别进行电晕处理20分钟;
S2、按由内到外依次包括第一耐候层、粘合层、绝缘阻隔层、粘合层、第二耐候层的顺序进行叠层,然后在120℃下通过层压机将其进行层压,再在室温下熟化1.2天,熟化后得到高耐候性太阳能电池背板。
实施例3
一种高耐候性太阳能电池背板,由内到外依次包括第一耐候层、绝缘阻隔层和第二耐候层,所述第一耐候层与绝缘阻隔层、绝缘阻隔层与第二耐候层之间分别通过粘合层粘接;所述第一耐候层和第二耐候层均为硅芴类含氟树脂材料层;所述绝缘阻隔层为聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯(PET)层;所述粘合层为乙烯-醋酸乙烯共聚物与JD919氨基四官能团环氧树脂共混物层。
所述硅芴类含氟树脂材料的制备方法,包括如下步骤:
1)将甲基乙烯基硅芴10g、丁二烯4.2g、甲基丙烯酸六氟丁酯10g、2-乙烯基异烟腈6.5g、壬基酚聚氧乙烯醚0.2g、过氧化苯甲酸叔丁酯0.2g溶于N-甲基吡咯烷酮130g中,在63℃氖气氛围下搅拌反应3小时,后在乙醇中沉出,并置于真空干燥箱中80℃下烘13小时,得到硅芴类含氟共聚物;
2)将经过步骤1)制备得到的硅芴类含氟共聚物13g溶于N-甲基吡咯烷酮38g中,再向其中加入3-苯基-1,2,4-***-5-硫醇3g、甲醇7.5g和二甲基苯基磷4.5g,在46℃下搅拌反应0.8小时,然后在乙醇中沉出,并用乙酸乙酯洗涤产物6次,后置于真空干燥箱中82℃下烘13小时,得到硅芴类含氟树脂材料。
所述乙烯-醋酸乙烯共聚物与JD919氨基四官能团环氧树脂共混物的制备方法,包括如下步骤:
1)将JD919氨基四官能团环氧树脂30g、氯甲基三甲基硅烷10g溶于N,N-二甲基甲酰胺140g中,在室温下搅拌反应5.2小时,后旋蒸除去溶剂,并用***洗涤粗产物7次,再置于真空干燥箱77℃下烘16小时,得到季胺化JD919氨基四官能团环氧树脂;
2)将经过步骤1)制备得到的季胺化JD919氨基四官能团环氧树脂20g、乙烯-醋酸乙烯共聚物70g投入高速混合机中,混合均匀,得到混合料,再将混合料投入双螺杆挤出机中挤出成型,得到乙烯-醋酸乙烯共聚物与JD919氨基四官能团环氧树脂共混物。
所述高耐候性太阳能电池背板的制备方法,包括如下步骤:
S1、将第一耐候层、绝缘阻隔层和第二耐候层都放入等离子体腔内,在功率为140W下分别进行电晕处理30分钟;
S2、按由内到外依次包括第一耐候层、粘合层、绝缘阻隔层、粘合层、第二耐候层的顺序进行叠层,然后在140℃下通过层压机将其进行层压,再在室温下熟化1.8天,熟化后得到高耐候性太阳能电池背板。
实施例4
一种高耐候性太阳能电池背板,由内到外依次包括第一耐候层、绝缘阻隔层和第二耐候层,所述第一耐候层与绝缘阻隔层、绝缘阻隔层与第二耐候层之间分别通过粘合层粘接;所述第一耐候层和第二耐候层均为硅芴类含氟树脂材料层;所述绝缘阻隔层为聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯(PET)层;所述粘合层为乙烯-醋酸乙烯共聚物与JD919氨基四官能团环氧树脂共混物层。
所述硅芴类含氟树脂材料的制备方法,包括如下步骤:
1)将甲基乙烯基硅芴10g、丁二烯4.6g、甲基丙烯酸六氟丁酯10g、2-乙烯基异烟腈9g、十二烷基苯磺酸钠0.25g、过氧化二碳酸二环己酯0.25g溶于N,N-二甲基甲酰胺145g中,在64℃氩气氛围下搅拌反应3.3小时,后在乙醇中沉出,并置于真空干燥箱中83℃下烘14小时,得到硅芴类含氟共聚物;
2)将经过步骤1)制备得到的硅芴类含氟共聚物14g溶于N-甲基吡咯烷酮43g中,再向其中加入3-苯基-1,2,4-***-5-硫醇3g、甲醇8g和四丁基溴化铵5.5g,在48℃下搅拌反应0.9小时,然后在乙醇中沉出,并用乙酸乙酯洗涤产物5次,后置于真空干燥箱中84℃下烘14.5小时,得到硅芴类含氟树脂材料。
所述乙烯-醋酸乙烯共聚物与JD919氨基四官能团环氧树脂共混物的制备方法,包括如下步骤:
3)将JD919氨基四官能团环氧树脂38g、氯甲基三甲基硅烷10g溶于N,N-二甲基甲酰胺145g中,在室温下搅拌反应5.5小时,后旋蒸除去溶剂,并用***洗涤粗产物7次,再置于真空干燥箱79℃下烘17小时,得到季胺化JD919氨基四官能团环氧树脂;
4)将经过步骤1)制备得到的季胺化JD919氨基四官能团环氧树脂20g、乙烯-醋酸乙烯共聚物75g投入高速混合机中,混合均匀,得到混合料,再将混合料投入双螺杆挤出机中挤出成型,得到乙烯-醋酸乙烯共聚物与JD919氨基四官能团环氧树脂共混物。
所述高耐候性太阳能电池背板的制备方法,包括如下步骤:
S1、将第一耐候层、绝缘阻隔层和第二耐候层都放入等离子体腔内,在功率为145W下分别进行电晕处理32分钟;
S2、按由内到外依次包括第一耐候层、粘合层、绝缘阻隔层、粘合层、第二耐候层的顺序进行叠层,然后在145℃下通过层压机将其进行层压,再在室温下熟化2天,熟化后得到高耐候性太阳能电池背板。
实施例5
一种高耐候性太阳能电池背板,由内到外依次包括第一耐候层、绝缘阻隔层和第二耐候层,所述第一耐候层与绝缘阻隔层、绝缘阻隔层与第二耐候层之间分别通过粘合层粘接;所述第一耐候层和第二耐候层均为硅芴类含氟树脂材料层;所述绝缘阻隔层为聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯(PET)层;所述粘合层为乙烯-醋酸乙烯共聚物与JD919氨基四官能团环氧树脂共混物层。
所述硅芴类含氟树脂材料的制备方法,包括如下步骤:
1)将甲基乙烯基硅芴10g、丁二烯5g、甲基丙烯酸六氟丁酯10g、2-乙烯基异烟腈10g、壬基酚聚氧乙烯醚0.3g、偶氮二异庚腈0.3g溶于N-甲基吡咯烷酮150g中,在65℃氮气氛围下搅拌反应2.5小时,后在乙醇中沉出,并置于真空干燥箱中85℃下烘15小时,得到硅芴类含氟共聚物;
2)将经过步骤1)制备得到的硅芴类含氟共聚物15g溶于N-甲基吡咯烷酮45g中,再向其中加入3-苯基-1,2,4-***-5-硫醇3g、甲醇9g和正丙胺6g,在50℃下搅拌反应1小时,然后在乙醇中沉出,并用乙酸乙酯洗涤产物6次,后置于真空干燥箱中85℃下烘15小时,得到硅芴类含氟树脂材料。
所述乙烯-醋酸乙烯共聚物与JD919氨基四官能团环氧树脂共混物的制备方法,包括如下步骤:
5)将JD919氨基四官能团环氧树脂40g、氯甲基三甲基硅烷10g溶于N,N-二甲基甲酰胺150g中,在室温下搅拌反应6小时,后旋蒸除去溶剂,并用***洗涤粗产物8次,再置于真空干燥箱80℃下烘18小时,得到季胺化JD919氨基四官能团环氧树脂;
6)将经过步骤1)制备得到的季胺化JD919氨基四官能团环氧树脂20g、乙烯-醋酸乙烯共聚物80g投入高速混合机中,混合均匀,得到混合料,再将混合料投入双螺杆挤出机中挤出成型,得到乙烯-醋酸乙烯共聚物与JD919氨基四官能团环氧树脂共混物。
所述高耐候性太阳能电池背板的制备方法,包括如下步骤:
S1、将第一耐候层、绝缘阻隔层和第二耐候层都放入等离子体腔内,在功率为150W下分别进行电晕处理35分钟;
S2、按由内到外依次包括第一耐候层、粘合层、绝缘阻隔层、粘合层、第二耐候层的顺序进行叠层,然后在150℃下通过层压机将其进行层压,再在室温下熟化2天,熟化后得到高耐候性太阳能电池背板。
对比例
本例提供一种太阳能电池背板,其原料及其制备方法同中国发明专利CN104835870B实施例1。
对上述实施例1-5以及对比例所得太阳能电池背板进行测试,测试方法和测试结果见表1。
表1 太阳能电池背板性能检测结果
从表1可见,本发明实施例公开的高耐候性太阳能电池背板,与现有技术中的太阳能电池背板相比,具有更加优异的抗紫外老化性、耐候性和绝缘性,水透过率更低,膜层间粘结强度更大。
以上显示和描述了本发明的基本原理和主要特征和本发明的优点。本行业的技术人员应该了解,本发明不受上述实施例的限制,上述实施例和说明书中描述的只是说明本发明的原理,在不脱离本发明精神和范围的前提下,本发明还会有各种变化和改进,这些变化和改进都落入要求保护的本发明范围内。本发明要求保护范围由所附的权利要求书及其等效物界定。
Claims (10)
1.一种高耐候性太阳能电池背板,其特征在于,由内到外依次包括第一耐候层、绝缘阻隔层和第二耐候层,所述第一耐候层与绝缘阻隔层、绝缘阻隔层与第二耐候层之间分别通过粘合层粘接;所述第一耐候层和第二耐候层均为硅芴类含氟树脂材料层;所述绝缘阻隔层为聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯(PET)层;所述粘合层为乙烯-醋酸乙烯共聚物与JD919氨基四官能团环氧树脂共混物层。
2.根据权利要求1所述的高耐候性太阳能电池背板,其特征在于,所述硅芴类含氟树脂材料的制备方法,包括如下步骤:
1)将甲基乙烯基硅芴、丁二烯、甲基丙烯酸六氟丁酯、2-乙烯基异烟腈、乳化剂、引发剂溶于高沸点溶剂中,在60-65℃氮气或惰性气体氛围下搅拌反应2.5-3.5小时,后在乙醇中沉出,并置于真空干燥箱中75-85℃下烘10-15小时,得到硅芴类含氟共聚物;
2)将经过步骤1)制备得到的硅芴类含氟共聚物溶于N-甲基吡咯烷酮中,再向其中加入3-苯基-1,2,4-***-5-硫醇、甲醇和催化剂,在40-50℃下搅拌反应0.5-1小时,然后在乙醇中沉出,并用乙酸乙酯洗涤产物4-6次,后置于真空干燥箱中75-85℃下烘10-15小时,得到硅芴类含氟树脂材料。
3.根据权利要求2所述的高耐候性太阳能电池背板,其特征在于,步骤1)中所述甲基乙烯基硅芴、丁二烯、甲基丙烯酸六氟丁酯、2-乙烯基异烟腈、乳化剂、引发剂、高沸点溶剂的质量比为1:(0.3-0.5):1:(0.5-1):(0.01-0.03):(0.01-0.03):(10-15)。
4.根据权利要求2所述的高耐候性太阳能电池背板,其特征在于,所述高沸点溶剂选自二甲亚砜、N,N-二甲基甲酰胺、N-甲基吡咯烷酮中的一种或几种;所述惰性气体选自氦气、氖气、氩气中的一种或几种;所述乳化剂选自所述乳化剂选自十二烷基苯磺酸钠、聚氧烯聚乙烯甘油醚、壬基酚聚氧乙烯醚中的一种或几种;所述引发剂选自偶氮二异丁腈、偶氮二异庚腈、过氧化苯甲酸叔丁酯、过氧化二碳酸二环己酯中的一种或几种。
5.根据权利要求2所述的高耐候性太阳能电池背板,其特征在于,步骤2)所述硅芴类含氟共聚物、N-甲基吡咯烷酮、3-苯基-1,2,4-***-5-硫醇、甲醇、催化剂的质量比为(3-5):(10-15):1:(2-3):(1-2)。
6.根据权利要求2所述的高耐候性太阳能电池背板,其特征在于,所述催化剂选自正丙胺、二乙基胺、二甲基苯基磷、四丁基溴化铵中的一种或几种。
7.根据权利要求1所述的高耐候性太阳能电池背板,其特征在于,所述乙烯-醋酸乙烯共聚物与JD919氨基四官能团环氧树脂共混物的制备方法,包括如下步骤:
1)将JD919氨基四官能团环氧树脂、氯甲基三甲基硅烷溶于N,N-二甲基甲酰胺中,在室温下搅拌反应4-6小时,后旋蒸除去溶剂,并用***洗涤粗产物5-8次,再置于真空干燥箱70-80℃下烘13-18小时,得到季胺化JD919氨基四官能团环氧树脂;
2)将经过步骤1)制备得到的季胺化JD919氨基四官能团环氧树脂、乙烯-醋酸乙烯共聚物投入高速混合机中,混合均匀,得到混合料,再将混合料投入双螺杆挤出机中挤出成型,得到乙烯-醋酸乙烯共聚物与JD919氨基四官能团环氧树脂共混物。
8.根据权利要求7所述的高耐候性太阳能电池背板,其特征在于,步骤1)中所述JD919氨基四官能团环氧树脂、氯甲基三甲基硅烷、N,N-二甲基甲酰胺的质量比为(2-4):1:(10-15)。
9.根据权利要求7所述的高耐候性太阳能电池背板,其特征在于,步骤2)中所述季胺化JD919氨基四官能团环氧树脂、乙烯-醋酸乙烯共聚物的质量比为1:(2-4)。
10.一种根据权利要求1-9任一项所述的高耐候性太阳能电池背板的制备方法,其特征在于,包括如下步骤:
S1、将第一耐候层、绝缘阻隔层和第二耐候层都放入等离子体腔内,在功率为120-150W下分别进行电晕处理15-35分钟;
S2、按由内到外依次包括第一耐候层、粘合层、绝缘阻隔层、粘合层、第二耐候层的顺序进行叠层,然后在110℃-150℃下通过层压机将其进行层压,再在室温下熟化1-2天,熟化后得到高耐候性太阳能电池背板。
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