CN108575212B - Mechanized film side seeder for whole peanut and seeding method - Google Patents
Mechanized film side seeder for whole peanut and seeding method Download PDFInfo
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- CN108575212B CN108575212B CN201810736211.XA CN201810736211A CN108575212B CN 108575212 B CN108575212 B CN 108575212B CN 201810736211 A CN201810736211 A CN 201810736211A CN 108575212 B CN108575212 B CN 108575212B
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C7/00—Sowing
- A01C7/08—Broadcast seeders; Seeders depositing seeds in rows
- A01C7/16—Seeders with other distributing devices, e.g. brushes, discs, screws or slides
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C1/00—Apparatus, or methods of use thereof, for testing or treating seed, roots, or the like, prior to sowing or planting
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C5/00—Making or covering furrows or holes for sowing, planting or manuring
- A01C5/06—Machines for making or covering drills or furrows for sowing or planting
- A01C5/062—Devices for making drills or furrows
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C5/00—Making or covering furrows or holes for sowing, planting or manuring
- A01C5/06—Machines for making or covering drills or furrows for sowing or planting
- A01C5/066—Devices for covering drills or furrows
- A01C5/068—Furrow packing devices, e.g. press wheels
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C7/00—Sowing
- A01C7/20—Parts of seeders for conducting and depositing seed
- A01C7/206—Seed pipes
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G13/00—Protecting plants
- A01G13/02—Protective coverings for plants; Coverings for the ground; Devices for laying-out or removing coverings
- A01G13/0256—Ground coverings
- A01G13/0287—Devices for laying-out or removing ground coverings
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- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/10—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in agriculture
- Y02A40/28—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in agriculture specially adapted for farming
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of crop cultivation, and particularly relates to a mechanized film side seeder for whole peanut and a seeding method; screening seeds of whole peanuts to ensure that the sizes of the whole peanuts are consistent; soaking seeds and sowing with the seed coats, so that sufficient moisture generated by the seed coats and soaking provides certain moisture and nutrients for peanut germination, soil ejection, seedling emergence and seedling stage growth, soil-borne diseases are prevented, and kernels are protected by the seed coats in the seedling stage, so that pest and disease infection and pest kernel damage are reduced; sowing on the side of the plastic film covered film, and avoiding the procedure of breaking the film and putting seedlings after the peanut seedlings emerge; the defects that the mulching film is not tightly sealed and the grass damage is serious are avoided, the positive and negative pressure of the seeder solves the technical problem that the whole peanut seeds to be sowed are small in specific gravity and are not easy to enter the cultivation land from the seeder only by gravity, the mulching film covering device is additionally arranged, three kinds of seed taking discs with different specifications are arranged to adapt to the whole peanut seeds with different sizes for treatment, mechanical whole peanut mulching film side sowing is realized, and the possibility is provided for large-scale planting.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of crop cultivation, and particularly relates to a mechanized film side seeder for whole peanut and a seeding method.
Background
Peanut is a nut with high total yield and wide eating range, and is also called as long-growing fruit, peanut and the like, and belongs to annual herbaceous plants of rosaceous leguminous plants. The seed has protein content of 25-30%, is rich in eight amino acids essential for human body, and contains arginine higher than other nuts and higher biological value than soybean. The fat content of the seeds is 40-50%, and the unsaturated fatty acid content is high, so that the seeds are an important raw material for producing high-quality edible vegetable oil. The peanut kernels, peanut oil or peanut products are eaten in a certain amount every day, so that a large amount of protein, fat and energy can be provided, the intake of dietary saturated fat and unsaturated fatty acid can be reduced, and the intake of nutrients beneficial to health such as vegetable protein, dietary fiber, vitamin E, folic acid, potassium, magnesium, zinc and calcium can be greatly promoted. The peanut is a high-energy, high-protein and high-lipid vegetable food, does not contain cholesterol and trans-fatty acid, is rich in trace elements, plant sterols, resveratrol esters, isoflavone, antioxidants and other substances, has an important health-care function, is an excellent substitute for dairy food, and has an important function of balancing diet and improving nutrition and health conditions of Chinese residents.
The peanut plastic mulching can play a role in preserving moisture and raising temperature, improve the content of available nutrients in soil, promote the growth and development of plants, and further increase the yield. However, the peanut plastic mulching sowing machinery commonly adopted in production at present is suitable for the shelled peanuts, and is used for sowing firstly and then mulching, and the defects are that the peanuts need to be manually put in time after emergence of seedlings, the seedlings are put Kong Nanyi for sealing, the later grass damage is serious, and the early senescence of plants is easily caused in the middle and later stages of the plastic mulching film, so that the plumpness of the peanuts is influenced.
The peanut seeds are stored with shells for later use. The peanut kernels are generally shelled manually 10-15 days before the current year of sowing. Too early can consume energy, influence the top soil emergence of seed. Also is not easy to mechanically dehull, can damage seed coats and damage cotyledons, and reduces the germination rate of seeds. The manual peanut shelling is time-consuming and labor-consuming, has low efficiency, and is not easy to realize large-area large-scale planting; peanut shell sowing is not universal in production because of difficult water absorption, sprouting and irregular seedling alignment. At present, even if the small-area popularized peanut is sowed with a shell, nuts with double kernels or three kernels are broken into Shan Renguo for sowing, which is easy to cause Shan Renguo, mixing of seeds and pericarps and difficult mechanical sowing.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a mechanized film side seeder for whole peanuts and a seeding method, which are suitable for the whole peanut film covering method and a seeding machine matched with the method, and the seeding method with the shell promotes the mechanized large-scale high-yield planting of the peanuts, so that the technical problems of labor and time consumption, easiness in damaging seed coats, influence on seedling emergence, influence on the plumpness of the peanuts and difficulty in large-scale planting of the peanuts are solved.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
the mechanical membrane side seeder for the whole peanut comprises a frame, wherein a sprocket box is arranged at the top of the middle of the frame, first sprockets on the left side and the right side of the frame, which extend out, are arranged on the sprocket box, a seed box is arranged on the frame below the sprocket box, a seeder is respectively arranged on the left side and the right side of the bottom of the frame below the seed box, and the seed box is communicated with the seeder through a connecting pipe; the left side and the right side of the bottom of the front end of the frame are respectively provided with a furrow opener, and a film clamp, a film pressing wheel and a mulching film covering device are sequentially arranged between the furrow openers and the sower positioned on the left side and the right side of the bottom of the frame; the left side and the right side of the bottom of the rear end of the frame are respectively provided with a pressing wheel; a traction frame is arranged at the upper part of the front end of the frame; the distance between the two seeders is larger than the distance between the two membrane hoops;
the seeder is cylindrical and is provided with a top cover and a bottom cover which are integrally formed; the seeder is characterized in that a rotatable seed taking disc is connected inside the seeder, a rotating shaft which is axially arranged along the seeder and extends out of the top cover is welded at the center of the seed taking disc, a second chain wheel is fixedly sleeved at the end part of one end of the rotating shaft extending out of the top cover, the first chain wheel and the second chain wheel are connected through a chain, a plurality of grooves for storing whole peanuts are uniformly formed in the edge of the seed taking disc, and a plurality of through holes are formed in the bottom of the grooves; the inner wall of the seeder positioned below the seed taking disc is fixedly connected with a vent disc which is in contact with the seed taking disc, and a plurality of vent holes are formed in the edge of the vent disc corresponding to the grooves; a first cavity is formed between the top of the seed taking disc and the top cover, the first cavity is divided into a seed pre-storing cavity and a seed blowing cavity by a first partition plate, a seed outlet nozzle communicated with the seed blowing cavity is connected to the side wall of the seed blowing cavity, and the side wall of the seed pre-storing cavity is communicated with a seed box through a connecting pipe; a second cavity is formed between the bottom of the ventilation disc and the bottom cover, the second cavity is divided into a negative pressure area and a positive pressure area by a second partition plate, the negative pressure area corresponds to a seed pre-storing cavity of the first cavity, the positive pressure area corresponds to a seed blowing cavity, the negative pressure area is connected with a negative pressure generating device through a negative pressure pipeline, and the positive pressure area is connected with a positive pressure generating device through a positive pressure pipeline; the negative pressure generating device and the positive pressure generating device are both arranged on the frame;
when the seeder is connected with the seed box, the central shaft of the seeder is positioned on the horizontal plane, and the seed outlet mouth faces downwards.
Further, the grooves of the seed taking disc are hemispherical, the peanut whole fruit film side sowing machine comprises three types of seed taking discs, and the diameters of the grooves on the three types of seed taking discs are phi 60mm, phi 45mm and phi 30mm respectively.
When the seeder works, the traction frame is connected with the traction tractor, and the chain wheel box is connected with the power output end of the traction tractor and is powered by the power output end. The mulch film is clamped on the film clamp, a part of the mulch film is pulled open, the film pressing wheels 7 press the two sides of the part where the mulch film is unfolded, the whole peanut seeds to be sowed are filled in the seed box, a proper seed taking disc is selected according to the size of the whole peanut to be sowed, the traction device pulls the frame of the seeder to move, the chain wheel box is connected with the power output of the tractor to work, the furrow opener is firstly used for furrowing, and then the mulch film pressing wheels and the mulch film covering device are used for jointly laying the mulch film; the seeder is positioned at two sides of the covered mulching film, the whole peanut of the seed box enters the seed pre-storing cavity through the connecting pipe, the positive and negative pressure generating device is simultaneously started when the seeder moves, the negative pressure area is communicated with the groove of the seed taking disc positioned in the seed pre-storing cavity through the vent hole, the whole peanut is adsorbed into the groove, the seed taking disc is driven to rotate by the rotation of the second sprocket wheel, meanwhile, the whole peanut positioned at the periphery of the groove is blocked due to the blocking effect of the first baffle plate, the whole peanut cannot rotate to the seed blowing cavity along with the seed taking disc, and only the whole peanut positioned in the groove can be rotated to the position of the seed blowing cavity; when the grooves adsorbed with the whole peanut seeds are transferred to the seed blowing cavity, the positive pressure area is communicated with the grooves of the seed taking disc positioned in the seed blowing cavity through the vent holes, the whole peanut seeds enter the cultivation land through the seed outlet nozzle, and then the pressing wheel presses.
The mechanized membrane side sowing method for the whole peanut is realized by the mechanized membrane side sowing machine for the whole peanut, and specifically comprises the following steps:
a. selecting a land block, namely selecting a land block with deep cultivated layers, sandy soil and light soil, and not planting leguminous crops within three years, pouring foot soil moisture water before sowing, and applying 450-600kg of high-phosphorus and potassium ternary compound fertilizer per square kilometer in combination with deep cultivation in an easy-to-cultivate period; then leveling cultivated land to be sown;
b. screening peanut seeds; four vertical sieves with sieve diameters of 1.5cm multiplied by 5.5cm,1.5cm multiplied by 4.0cm, 1.5cm multiplied by 2.5cm and 1.5cm multiplied by 1.5cm are prepared according to the whole peanut size,
if the fruits are large-grain whole fruits, sieving with a 1.5cm multiplied by 1.5cm aperture sieve, and then sieving with a 1.5cm multiplied by 4.0cm aperture sieve to remove small-grain or large-grain seeds and impurities which do not accord with the characteristics of the variety;
if the seeds are medium seeds: sieving with 1.5cm×4.0cm aperture sieve, and removing small seed or large seed and impurity which do not meet the characteristics of the variety with 1.5cm×2.5cm aperture sieve;
if the seeds are small seeds: sieving with 1.5cm×2.5cm aperture sieve, and removing small seed, large seed and impurity which do not meet the characteristics of the variety with 1.5cm×1.5cm aperture sieve; the vertical screen and the ground plane angle is about 75 degrees during operation;
c. soaking the whole peanut selected in the step b, wherein 300kg per square kilometer of the whole peanut is prepared, packaging the whole peanut with a sand bag 2 days before sowing, then soaking the whole peanut in seed soaking liquid for 24 hours, pressing the whole peanut with a heavy object during soaking to ensure that the whole peanut is soaked in the seed soaking liquid, wherein the seed soaking liquid is an aqueous solution containing 0.5-1% of common calcium, 0.5-1% of potassium sulfate, 0.1-0.2% of carbendazim wettable powder, 0.1-0.2% of phoxim or chlorpyrifos missible oil, and 0.1% of boron fertilizer, molybdenum fertilizer or multi-element trace element fertilizer; the soaked whole peanut is fished out, spread out and dried in the shade, and the surface can be sown;
d. sowing by mulching, namely sowing two rows of peanuts at a large row spacing of 60cm, a small row spacing of 40 or 50cm and a hole spacing of 15cm on the film side, sowing one whole peanut per hole, sowing depth of 5-7cm, and fully compacting after sowing, wherein the sowing can be carried out when the ground temperature of the cultivated land with the depth of 0-10cm stably passes 15 ℃;
e. and after emergence of seedlings, the seedlings are cleaned in time, the soil is ridged in the early flowering stage, the fertilizer is applied, and the plant diseases and insect pests are prevented in the middle and later stages in time.
In the steps, the pericarp of the whole peanut and sufficient moisture generated by soaking provide certain moisture and nutrients for peanut germination, soil ejection, seedling emergence and seedling stage growth, promote the strong growth of the peanut in the seedling stage and lay a foundation for high yield of the peanut. Meanwhile, soil-borne diseases are prevented, kernels are protected by pericarps in the emergence stage, the infection of diseases and insect pests and the occurrence rate of soil-borne diseases and insect pests are reduced. Sowing on the side of the plastic film covered film, and avoiding the process of breaking the film and putting seedlings after the peanut seedlings emerge. The defects of untight mulching film sealing and serious grass damage are avoided, and the phenomena of over-high soil temperature and premature senility of peanuts in the middle and later stages of growth are avoided.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
the seeding method of the invention saves labor and time, thoroughly avoids time and labor consumption of manual shelling and avoids damage to kernels in the shelling process.
The seedling alignment is quick, the seedling alignment time is advanced by about 1-2 days although the seedling emergence is about 2 days later than the traditional planting, but the seedling alignment time is advanced by about 1-2 days.
The production in the seedling stage is strong, and sufficient moisture generated by peel and soaking provides certain moisture and nutrients for peanut germination, top soil, emergence and seedling stage growth, so that the strong growth in the seedling stage of the peanuts is promoted, and a foundation is laid for high yield of the peanuts.
Preventing soil-borne diseases, protecting the kernels from being peeled during the emergence stage, reducing the infection of plant diseases and insect pests and the occurrence rate of soil-borne plant diseases and insect pests.
Sowing on the side of the plastic film covered film, and avoiding the process of breaking the film and putting seedlings after the peanut seedlings emerge. The defects of untight mulching film sealing and serious grass damage are avoided, and the phenomena of over-high soil temperature and premature senility of peanuts in the middle and later stages of growth are avoided.
6. The seeder realizes mechanized large-scale planting, the arrangement of positive and negative pressure of the seeder solves the technical problem that the whole peanut seeds to be sowed have small specific gravity and are difficult to enter a cultivation land from the seeder only by gravity, a plastic film mulching device is additionally arranged, three kinds of seed taking discs with different specifications are arranged to adapt to the treatment of the whole peanut seeds with different sizes, the mechanized sowing of the whole peanut plastic film mulching side is realized, and the large-scale planting is possible.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a side view of a whole peanut film side planter.
Fig. 2 is a schematic structural view of the seeder.
Fig. 3 is a disassembled structure view of the seeder.
The figures are labeled as follows:
1-frame, 2-sprocket box, 3-disseminator, 4-seed box, 5-connecting pipe, 6-furrow opener, 7-film pressing wheel, 8-film clamp, 9-mulching film covering device, 10-press wheel, 11-traction frame, 12-top cover, 13-first cavity, 14-seed taking disc, 15-ventilation disc, 16-second cavity, 17-bottom cover, 18-seed outlet mouth, 19-groove, 20-rotating shaft, 21-first sprocket, 22-second sprocket, 23-first baffle, 24-second baffle, 25-negative pressure pipeline, 26-negative pressure fan, 27-positive pressure pipeline, 28-positive pressure fan.
Description of the embodiments
The invention is further illustrated below with reference to specific examples.
Examples
As shown in fig. 1, a mechanized film side seeder for whole peanut comprises a frame 1, wherein a sprocket box 2 is arranged at the top of the middle of the frame 1, the sprocket box 2 is provided with first sprockets 21 at the left and right sides of the frame 1 which extend out, a seed box 4 is arranged on the frame 1 below the sprocket box 2, a seeder 3 is respectively arranged at the left and right sides of the bottom of the frame 1 below the seed box 4, and the seed box 4 is communicated with the seeder 3 through a connecting pipe 5; the left side and the right side of the bottom of the front end of the frame 1 are respectively provided with a furrow opener 6, and a film clamp 8, a film pressing wheel 7 and a mulching film covering device 9 are sequentially arranged between the furrow openers 6 and the sower 3 positioned on the left side and the right side of the bottom of the frame 1; the left side and the right side of the bottom of the rear end of the frame 1 are respectively provided with a pressing wheel 10; traction frames 11 are respectively arranged on the upper parts of the two sides of the front end of the frame 1; the distance between the two seeders 3 is larger than the distance between the two membrane hoops 8;
as shown in fig. 2 and 3, the seeder 3 is cylindrical and has a top cover 12 and a bottom cover 17 integrally formed; the inside of the seeder 3 is connected with a rotatable seed taking disc 14, a rotating shaft 20 which is axially arranged along the seeder 3 and extends out of the top cover 12 is welded at the center of the seed taking disc 14, a second chain wheel 22 is fixedly sleeved at the end part of one end of the rotating shaft 20 extending out of the top cover 12, the first chain wheel 21 and the second chain wheel 22 are connected through a chain, a plurality of grooves 19 for storing single whole peanuts are uniformly formed in the edge of the seed taking disc 14, and a plurality of through holes are formed in the bottom of the grooves 19; an aeration disc 15 is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the seeder 3 below the seed taking disc 14, the aeration disc 15 is in contact with the seed taking disc 14, and a plurality of ventilation holes are formed in the edge of the aeration disc 15 corresponding to the grooves 19; a first cavity 13 is formed between the top of the seed taking disc 14 and the top cover 12, the first cavity 13 is divided into a seed pre-storing cavity and a seed blowing cavity by a first partition plate 23, the side wall of the seed blowing cavity is connected with a seed outlet 18 communicated with the seed blowing cavity, and the side wall of the seed pre-storing cavity is communicated with the seed box 4 through a connecting pipe 5; a second cavity 16 is formed between the bottom of the ventilation disk 15 and the bottom cover 17, the second cavity 16 is divided into a negative pressure area and a positive pressure area by a second partition board 24, wherein the negative pressure area corresponds to a seed pre-storing cavity of the first cavity 13, the positive pressure area corresponds to a seed blowing cavity, the negative pressure area is connected with a negative pressure generating device through a negative pressure pipeline 25, and the positive pressure area is connected with a positive pressure generating device through a positive pressure pipeline 27; the negative pressure generating device and the positive pressure generating device are both arranged on the frame 1;
the height of the first partition plate 23 is consistent with that of the first cavity 13, when the seed taking disc is driven to rotate by the rotation of the second sprocket, the whole peanut at the periphery of the groove is blocked due to the blocking effect of the first partition plate, the whole peanut cannot rotate to the seed blowing cavity along with the seed taking disc, and only a single peanut in the groove can be rotated to the seed blowing cavity;
when the seeder 3 is connected with the seed box 4, the central shaft of the seeder 3 is positioned on the horizontal plane, and the seed outlet mouth 18 faces downwards.
Further, the groove 19 of the seed taking disc 14 is hemispherical, the peanut whole fruit film side seeder comprises three specifications of seed taking discs 14, and the diameters of the grooves 19 on the three specifications of seed taking discs 14 are phi 60mm, phi 45mm and phi 30mm respectively. The seed taking disc with three specifications is suitable for planting whole peanut seeds with different sizes.
Further, two traction frames 11 which are symmetrically arranged are installed on the frame 1.
The two traction frames 11 are more stable when connected with the traction device.
Further, the first partition plate 23 and the second partition plate 24 are formed by splicing two vertical plates with identical length, width and height, one ends of the two vertical plates are fixedly connected together, the other ends of the two vertical plates, which are not in contact with each other, are fixedly connected with the inner wall of the seeder 3, one ends of the two vertical plates, which are connected, are all located on the central axis of the seeder 3, and the included angle between the two vertical plates of the first partition plate 23 is identical to the included angle between the two vertical plates of the second partition plate 24.
Further, the negative pressure generating device is a negative pressure fan 26, and the positive pressure generating device is a positive pressure fan 28; the sprocket box 2 is also provided with a fan sprocket, and the negative pressure fan 26 and the positive pressure fan 28 are respectively connected with the fan sprocket of the sprocket box 2 through chains.
The mechanized membrane side sowing method for the whole peanut is realized by adopting the mechanized membrane side sowing machine for the whole peanut, and specifically comprises the following steps:
a. selecting a land block, namely selecting a land block with deep cultivated layers, sandy soil and light soil, and not planting leguminous crops within three years, pouring foot soil moisture water before sowing, and applying 450-600kg of high-phosphorus and potassium ternary compound fertilizer per square kilometer in combination with deep cultivation in an easy-to-cultivate period; then leveling cultivated land to be sown;
b. screening peanut seeds; four vertical sieves with sieve diameters of 1.5cm multiplied by 5.5cm,1.5cm multiplied by 4.0cm, 1.5cm multiplied by 2.5cm and 1.5cm multiplied by 1.5cm are prepared according to the whole peanut size,
if the fruits are large-grain whole fruits, sieving with a 1.5cm multiplied by 1.5cm aperture sieve, and then sieving with a 1.5cm multiplied by 4.0cm aperture sieve to remove small-grain or large-grain seeds and impurities which do not accord with the characteristics of the variety;
if the seeds are medium seeds: sieving with 1.5cm×4.0cm aperture sieve, and removing small seed or large seed and impurity which do not meet the characteristics of the variety with 1.5cm×2.5cm aperture sieve;
if the seeds are small seeds: sieving with 1.5cm×2.5cm aperture sieve, and removing small seed, large seed and impurity which do not meet the characteristics of the variety with 1.5cm×1.5cm aperture sieve; the vertical screen and the ground plane angle is about 75 degrees during operation;
c. soaking the whole peanut selected in the step b, wherein 300kg per square kilometer of the whole peanut is prepared, packaging the whole peanut with a sand bag 2 days before sowing, then soaking the whole peanut in seed soaking liquid for 24 hours, pressing the whole peanut with a heavy object during soaking to ensure that the whole peanut is soaked in the seed soaking liquid, wherein the seed soaking liquid is an aqueous solution containing 0.5-1% of common calcium, 0.5-1% of potassium sulfate, 0.1-0.2% of carbendazim wettable powder, 0.1-0.2% of phoxim or chlorpyrifos missible oil, and 0.1% of boron fertilizer, molybdenum fertilizer or multi-element trace element fertilizer; and the condition of liquid level drop is noticed at any time, if the liquid level drops to expose sand, clear water is supplemented in time, the soaked whole peanut is fished out, poured out, spread out and dried in shade, and the surface can be sowed;
d. sowing by mulching, namely sowing when the ground temperature of the cultivated land with the depth of 0-10cm stably passes 15 ℃, replacing a proper seed taking disc 14 according to the whole peanut size, sowing two rows of peanuts at the film side by mulching, sowing the whole peanut seeds at the holes with the large row spacing of 60cm, the small row spacing of 40 or 50cm and the hole spacing of 15cm, sowing one whole peanut seed at each hole, sowing the whole peanut seeds with the depth of 5-7cm, and fully compacting after sowing;
e. timely cleaning the seedlings after emergence, ridging in the early flowering stage, topdressing, timely preventing and controlling plant diseases and insect pests in the middle and later stages, and timely harvesting the seedlings to be equivalent to the traditional peanut planting technology.
Further, each 100-110cm wide land is covered with one width of 80cm or 60cm wide mulching film. Two rows of peanuts are sowed on the film side, the large row spacing of the peanuts is 60cm, the small row spacing is 40 cm or 50cm, the hole spacing is 15cm, one whole peanut is sowed in each hole, the sowing depth is 5-7cm, and the peanuts are fully pressed after sowing.
Claims (5)
1. The utility model provides a whole peanut mechanized membrane side seeder, its characterized in that includes frame (1), chain wheel case (2) are installed at the top in the middle of frame (1), and chain wheel case (2) are equipped with first sprocket (21) of the left and right sides of frame (1) that stretches out, install seed case (4) on frame (1) that are located chain wheel case (2) below, install a disseminator (3) respectively in the left and right sides of frame (1) bottom that is located seed case (4) below, communicate through connecting pipe (5) between seed case (4) and disseminator (3); the left side and the right side of the bottom of the front end of the frame (1) are respectively provided with a furrow opener (6), and a film clamp (8), a film pressing wheel (7) and a mulching film covering device (9) are sequentially arranged between the furrow openers (6) and the sowing devices (3) which are positioned at the left side and the right side of the bottom of the frame (1); the left side and the right side of the bottom of the rear end of the frame (1) are respectively provided with a pressing wheel (10); traction frames (11) are respectively arranged on the upper parts of the two sides of the front end of the frame (1); the distance between the two sowing devices (3) is larger than the distance between the two film clamps (8);
the seeder (3) is cylindrical and is provided with a top cover (12) and a bottom cover (17) which are integrally formed; the seeder is characterized in that a rotatable seed taking disc (14) is connected to the inside of the seeder (3), a rotating shaft (20) which is axially arranged along the seeder (3) and extends out of the top cover (12) is welded at the center of the seed taking disc (14), a second chain wheel (22) is fixedly sleeved at the end part of one end of the rotating shaft (20) extending out of the top cover (12), the first chain wheel (21) and the second chain wheel (22) are connected through a chain, a plurality of grooves (19) for storing single peanuts are uniformly formed in the edge of the seed taking disc (14), and a plurality of through holes are formed in the bottom of the grooves (19); an air vent disc (15) is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the seeder (3) below the seed taking disc (14), the air vent disc (15) is in contact with the seed taking disc (14), and a plurality of air vents are formed in the edge of the air vent disc (15) corresponding to the grooves (19); a first cavity (13) is formed between the top of the seed taking disc (14) and the top cover (12), the first cavity (13) is divided into a seed pre-storing cavity and a seed blowing cavity by a first partition plate (23), the side wall of the seed blowing cavity is connected with a seed outlet nozzle (18) communicated with the seed blowing cavity, and the side wall of the seed pre-storing cavity is communicated with the seed box (4) through a connecting pipe (5); a second cavity (16) is formed between the bottom of the ventilation disc (15) and the bottom cover (17), the second cavity (16) is divided into a negative pressure area and a positive pressure area by a second partition plate (24), the negative pressure area corresponds to a seed pre-storing cavity of the first cavity (13), the positive pressure area corresponds to a seed blowing cavity, the negative pressure area is connected with a negative pressure generating device through a negative pressure pipeline (25), and the positive pressure area is connected with a positive pressure generating device through a positive pressure pipeline (27); the negative pressure generating device and the positive pressure generating device are both arranged on the frame (1);
when the seeder (3) is connected with the seed box (4), the central shaft of the seeder (3) is positioned on the horizontal plane, and the seed outlet mouth (18) faces downwards;
the mechanized film side sowing method for the whole peanut comprises the following steps:
a. selecting a land block, namely selecting a land block with deep cultivated layers, sandy soil and light soil, and not planting leguminous crops within three years, pouring foot soil moisture water before sowing, and applying 450-600kg of high-phosphorus and potassium ternary compound fertilizer per square kilometer in combination with deep cultivation in an easy-to-cultivate period; then leveling cultivated land to be sown;
b. screening peanut seeds; four vertical sieves with sieve diameters of 1.5cm multiplied by 5.5cm,1.5cm multiplied by 4.0cm, 1.5cm multiplied by 2.5cm and 1.5cm multiplied by 1.5cm are prepared according to the whole peanut size,
if the fruits are large-grain whole fruits, sieving with a 1.5cm multiplied by 1.5cm aperture sieve, and then sieving with a 1.5cm multiplied by 4.0cm aperture sieve to remove small-grain or large-grain seeds and impurities which do not accord with the characteristics of the variety;
if the seeds are medium seeds: sieving with 1.5cm×4.0cm aperture sieve, and removing small seed or large seed and impurity which do not meet the characteristics of the variety with 1.5cm×2.5cm aperture sieve;
if the seeds are small seeds: sieving with 1.5cm×2.5cm aperture sieve, and removing small seed, large seed and impurity which do not meet the characteristics of the variety with 1.5cm×1.5cm aperture sieve; the vertical screen and the ground plane angle is about 75 degrees during operation;
c. soaking the whole peanut selected in the step b, wherein 300kg per square kilometer of the whole peanut is prepared, packaging the whole peanut with a sand bag 2 days before sowing, then soaking the whole peanut in seed soaking liquid for 24 hours, pressing the whole peanut with a heavy object during soaking to ensure that the whole peanut is soaked in the seed soaking liquid, wherein the seed soaking liquid is an aqueous solution containing 0.5-1% of common calcium, 0.5-1% of potassium sulfate, 0.1-0.2% of carbendazim wettable powder, 0.1-0.2% of phoxim or chlorpyrifos missible oil, and 0.1% of boron fertilizer, molybdenum fertilizer or multi-element trace element fertilizer; the soaked whole peanut is fished out, spread out and dried in the shade, and the surface can be sown;
d. mulching and sowing, wherein each 100-110cm wide land is covered with one mulching film with the width of 80cm or 60cm, sowing can be carried out when the ground temperature of the cultivated land with the depth of 0-10cm stably passes 15 ℃, a proper seed taking disc (14) is replaced according to the whole peanut size, two rows of peanuts are sowed on the film side, the large row spacing of the peanuts is 60cm, the small row spacing is 40 or 50cm, the hole spacing is 15cm, one whole peanut is sowed in each hole, the sowing depth is 5-7cm, and the sowing is fully pressed;
e. and after emergence of seedlings, the seedlings are cleaned in time, the soil is ridged in the early flowering stage, the fertilizer is applied, and the plant diseases and insect pests are prevented in the middle and later stages in time.
2. The mechanized film side seeder for peanuts, as claimed in claim 1, wherein the grooves (19) of the seed taking disc (14) are hemispherical, the film side seeder for peanuts comprises three specifications of seed taking discs (14), and the diameters of the grooves (19) on the three specifications of seed taking discs (14) are phi 60mm, phi 45mm and phi 30mm respectively.
3. A mechanized film side planter for whole peanut according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that two traction frames (11) symmetrically arranged are arranged on the frame (1).
4. A mechanized film side seeder for peanuts as claimed in claim 3, wherein the first partition plate (23) and the second partition plate (24) are formed by splicing two vertical plates with identical length, width and height, one ends of the two vertical plates are fixedly connected together, the other ends of the two vertical plates, which are not contacted with each other, are fixedly connected with the inner wall of the seeder (3), one ends of the two vertical plates connected with each other are positioned on the central axis of the seeder (3), and the included angle of the two vertical plates of the first partition plate (23) is identical with the included angle of the two vertical plates of the second partition plate (24).
5. The mechanized film side planter for whole peanut according to claim 4, wherein the negative pressure generating device is a negative pressure fan (26), and the positive pressure generating device is a positive pressure fan (28); the sprocket box (2) is also provided with a fan sprocket, and the negative pressure fan (26) and the positive pressure fan (28) are respectively connected with the fan sprocket of the sprocket box (2) through chains.
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| CN201810736211.XA CN108575212B (en) | 2018-07-06 | 2018-07-06 | Mechanized film side seeder for whole peanut and seeding method |
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| CN212852003U (en) * | 2019-10-27 | 2021-04-02 | 淮安富腾农业科技有限公司 | Container type planting module and planting device |
| CN110896750B (en) * | 2019-12-04 | 2021-04-27 | 沈阳农业大学 | Peanut clearing device |
| CN110896749B (en) * | 2019-12-04 | 2021-04-27 | 沈阳农业大学 | Peanut clearing machine |
Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101347067A (en) * | 2008-05-13 | 2009-01-21 | 辽宁省风沙地改良利用研究所 | Peanut tectorial seeder |
| CN101485248A (en) * | 2009-03-04 | 2009-07-22 | 郝春昌 | Mountain mulching film peanut seeder |
| JP2011110009A (en) * | 2009-11-30 | 2011-06-09 | Hiroshima Prefecture | Non-ploughing seeder |
| CN103733855A (en) * | 2013-12-22 | 2014-04-23 | 黄翔 | High-yield Shanhua-15 peanut precise-cultivation method |
| AR104254A4 (en) * | 2016-04-14 | 2017-07-05 | Alberto Diociaiutti Mario | PNEUMATIC SEED POWDER, MONOGRAN, LOW TORQUE |
Family Cites Families (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| FR2562755B1 (en) * | 1984-04-13 | 1986-11-07 | Soderma | SEED SEEDER IN POQUETS |
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- 2018-07-06 CN CN201810736211.XA patent/CN108575212B/en active Active
Patent Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101347067A (en) * | 2008-05-13 | 2009-01-21 | 辽宁省风沙地改良利用研究所 | Peanut tectorial seeder |
| CN101485248A (en) * | 2009-03-04 | 2009-07-22 | 郝春昌 | Mountain mulching film peanut seeder |
| JP2011110009A (en) * | 2009-11-30 | 2011-06-09 | Hiroshima Prefecture | Non-ploughing seeder |
| CN103733855A (en) * | 2013-12-22 | 2014-04-23 | 黄翔 | High-yield Shanhua-15 peanut precise-cultivation method |
| AR104254A4 (en) * | 2016-04-14 | 2017-07-05 | Alberto Diociaiutti Mario | PNEUMATIC SEED POWDER, MONOGRAN, LOW TORQUE |
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