CN108574066A - 燃料电池汽车 - Google Patents
燃料电池汽车 Download PDFInfo
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- CN108574066A CN108574066A CN201810179088.6A CN201810179088A CN108574066A CN 108574066 A CN108574066 A CN 108574066A CN 201810179088 A CN201810179088 A CN 201810179088A CN 108574066 A CN108574066 A CN 108574066A
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- H01M8/06—Combination of fuel cells with means for production of reactants or for treatment of residues
- H01M8/0606—Combination of fuel cells with means for production of reactants or for treatment of residues with means for production of gaseous reactants
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Abstract
本发明提供一种燃料电池汽车。在氢罐(21)与作为高电压电动部件的空气压缩机(30)之间配置后冷却器(800)。即使由外力导致氢罐(21)与空气压缩机(30)接近,也可通过后冷却器(800)保护空气压缩机(30)以免与氢罐(21)发生碰撞。
Description
关联申请的相互参照
本申请基于2017年3月8日提出的申请号为2017-43822的日本专利申请要求优先权,通过参照而将其公开的全部内容援引于本申请。
技术领域
本公开涉及搭载于燃料电池汽车的高电压电动部件的保护。
背景技术
JP2015-231319所公开的燃料电池汽车在乘员舱前方的通过前围板而从乘员舱分离的空间中搭载有燃料电池组。该燃料电池汽车在中央通道内搭载有氢罐。
发明内容
发明要解决的课题
有时,由于碰撞事故等而导致氢罐与搭载于燃料电池汽车的其他部件中的任一个发生碰撞。其他部件包括高电压电动部件。高电压电动部件是指利用高电压而工作的电动部件。高电压电动部件优选比高电压电动部件以外的构成部件更好地得到保护以免与氢罐发生碰撞。
作为保护高电压电动部件的方法,可考虑使氢罐与高电压电动部件的搭载位置大幅分离。然而,在该方法中,难以将汽车设计得紧凑。
作为另一方法,可考虑设置保护高电压电动部件的专用的保护构件。然而,在该方法中,成本会高涨。
本公开立足于上述情况,其所要解决的课题在于通过紧凑且廉价的方法来保护高电压电动部件以免与氢罐发生碰撞。
用于解决课题的方案
本公开的一个方式是具备氢罐、高电压电动部件、后冷却器及燃料电池组的燃料电池汽车。氢罐以中心轴线相对于汽车的前后方向大致平行的方式搭载。高电压电动部件位于所述氢罐的前方及后方中的任一方。高电压电动部件利用高电压而工作。后冷却器配置在所述氢罐与所述高电压电动部件之间。后冷却器对压缩空气进行冷却。燃料电池组接受所述冷却后的压缩空气的供给。根据该方式,能够以紧凑且廉价的方法来保护高电压电动部件以免与氢罐发生碰撞。由于后冷却器作为保护高电压电动部件以免与氢罐发生碰撞的保护构件发挥功能,因此不需要使氢罐与高电压电动部件的搭载位置大幅分离。因此,能够将燃料电池汽车设计得紧凑。并且,由于后冷却器不是保护高电压电动部件的专用的构件,因此能够避免成本上升。
在上述方式中,燃料电池汽车可以还具备在乘员舱的前方形成的前舱。所述高电压电动部件可以收容于所述前舱。所述氢罐可以位于所述高电压电动部件的后方。根据该方式,在前舱搭载高电压电动部件的情况下,能够保护高电压电动部件。
在上述方式中,所述高电压电动部件可以是向所述后冷却器送入压缩空气的空气压缩机。所述燃料电池组可以收容于所述前舱。燃料电池汽车可以还具备氧化剂气体供给路。氧化剂气体供给路可以连接于所述燃料电池组的后方表面。所述冷却后的压缩空气可以在氧化剂气体供给路内流动。根据该方式,能够缩短氧化剂气体供给路的流动方向的长度。由于后冷却器位于空气压缩机的后方,因此供从后冷却器流出的压缩空气进行流动的管以从后冷却器向后方延伸的方式配置是合理的。此外,由于燃料电池组收容于前舱,因此从后冷却器向后方延伸的管去往比燃料电池组的后方表面靠后方处。因此,通过将氧化剂气体供给路连接于燃料电池组的后方表面,能够缩短氧化剂气体供给路。
在上述方式中,所述空气压缩机可以配置在所述燃料电池组的下方。根据该方式,能够将氢罐搭载在较低的位置,因此成为适合以沿着前后方向的方式搭载的配置。
在上述方式中,所述高电压电动部件可以是向所述后冷却器送入压缩空气的空气压缩机。根据该方式,能够保护空气压缩机。
在上述方式中,所述后冷却器可以以自身的底面与所述前后方向交叉的方式以倾斜的姿态搭载。根据该方式,高电压电动部件的保护更加有效。由于后冷却器以倾斜的姿态搭载,因此后冷却器与氢罐的碰撞会产生相对于后冷却器的旋转方向的力。通过该旋转,能缓和由后冷却器与氢罐的碰撞引起的冲击,因此能够得到上述效果。
在上述方式中,燃料电池汽车可以还具备中央通道,该中央通道是通过乘员舱的地板凸起而形成于地板下的空间。所述氢罐可以配置在所述中央通道内。根据该方式,能够将燃料电池汽车设计得紧凑。
本公开能够以上述以外的各种方式实现。例如,能够以燃料电池汽车的制造方法等方式实现。
附图说明
图1是燃料电池***的概略结构图。
图2是表示燃料电池汽车的概略结构的侧视图。
图3是表示燃料电池汽车的概略结构的仰视图。
图4是4-4剖视图。
图5是后冷却器的仰视图。
图6是后冷却器附近的放大图。
图7是表示氢罐与后冷却器发生了碰撞的状况的图。
图8是表示断裂的后冷却器发生了移动的状况的图。
具体实施方式
图1示出燃料电池***200的概略结构。燃料电池***200具备燃料气体***2、氧化剂气体***3、冷却水***7、控制部10、燃料电池组100及电路210。
燃料电池组100具备沿着层叠方向SD层叠的多个单电池11。燃料电池组100在层叠方向SD的两端部具备一对端板110、120。各单电池11是固体高分子型燃料电池。各单电池11通过燃料气体与氧化剂气体的电化学反应而发电。在本实施方式中,燃料气体是氢气,氧化剂气体是空气。
在燃料电池组100的内部沿着单电池11的层叠方向SD形成有作为燃料气体、氧化剂气体及冷却水的流路的歧管(图示省略)。
燃料电池组100的一对集电板103F、103R与电路210电连接。在集电板103F与端板110之间配置有绝缘板102F。同样,在集电板103R与端板120之间配置有绝缘板102R。电路210由周知的变换器、转换器等构成。电路210与电动机M电连接,对燃料电池组100的发电电力进行变换并向电动机M供给。
燃料气体***2具备辅机类20、氢罐21、氢罐22、氢罐23及燃料气体排出路29。
氢罐21、22、23贮存有高压氢,将作为燃料气体的氢气向辅机类20供给。辅机类20由周知的喷射器、氢泵、气液分离器等构成。辅机类20将燃料气体向燃料电池组100供给,或者经由燃料气体排出路29将燃料气体排出。
氧化剂气体***3具备空气压缩机30、氧化剂气体供给路31、空气滤清器32、三通阀33、喷出流路34、出口流路35、旁通路36、吸入流路37、压力调整阀38、排出流路39、后冷却器800、入口部940及出口部950。后冷却器800也称为中间冷却器。
空气滤清器32捕集通过自身的空气中包含的异物。空气压缩机30对经由空气滤清器32及吸入流路37从大气吸入的空气进行压缩。压缩后的空气成为高温。由空气压缩机30压缩后的空气经由喷出流路34及入口部940向后冷却器800流入。流入到后冷却器800的压缩空气由后冷却器800冷却。
由后冷却器800冷却后的压缩空气经由出口部950及出口流路35向三通阀33流入。流入到三通阀33的压缩空气根据三通阀33的开度而向氧化剂气体供给路31及旁通路36中的至少任一方流入。
流入到氧化剂气体供给路31的压缩空气向燃料电池组100流入。流入到燃料电池组100的压缩空气在燃料电池组100内通过并向压力调整阀38流入。由压力调整阀38调整了压力后的空气经由排出流路39向大气排出。流入到旁通路36的压缩空气经由排出流路39向大气排出。
冷却水***7具备水泵710、冷却水供给流路720、后冷却器用供给流路730、后冷却器用排出流路740、冷却水排出流路750、旁通路760、三通阀770及散热器780。
水泵710使冷却水循环。从水泵710流出的冷却水的一部分经由冷却水供给流路720向燃料电池组100流入。流入到燃料电池组100的冷却水在对燃料电池组100进行冷却之后,从燃料电池组100排出。从燃料电池组100排出的冷却水向冷却水排出流路750流入。流入到冷却水排出流路750的冷却水根据三通阀770的开度而向旁通路760及散热器780中的至少任一方流入。
流入到散热器780的冷却水在由散热器780进行了冷却之后,从散热器780排出。从散热器780排出的冷却水向水泵710流入。流入到旁通路760的冷却水几乎不被冷却就向水泵710流入。
从水泵710流出的冷却水中的不向燃料电池组100流入的部分经由后冷却器用供给流路730向后冷却器800流入。流入到后冷却器800的冷却水在对通过后冷却器800的压缩空气进行冷却之后,经由后冷却器用排出流路740向冷却水排出流路750流入。
上述的各种动作由控制部10控制。控制部10由1个以上的ECU构成。
空气压缩机30、水泵710、辅机类20所包含的氢泵及电动机M都是高电压电动部件。高电压电动部件是指利用高电压进行工作的部件。高电压是指后述的由适用于燃料电池汽车500行驶的地方的法规规定的规定电压值以上的电压。本实施方式的空气压缩机30以约650V的电压进行工作。上述的规定电压值是比650V小的值。
规定电压值比12V大。因此,以12V进行工作的部件不是高电压电动部件。例如,后述的压力传感器827及温度传感器829以12V进行工作,因此不是高电压电动部件。
图2是表示燃料电池汽车500的概略结构的侧视图。图3通过仰视来表示燃料电池汽车500的概略结构。图2及图3适当地省略了车身的一部分等的图示。
燃料电池汽车500搭载有前述的燃料电池***200和电动机M。后轮RW通过电动机M的转矩而驱动。图2及图3关于图1所示的燃料电池***200的构成要素的一部分省略了图示。
在本实施方式中,将前方方向FD和后方方向RD总称为前后方向。在燃料电池汽车500形成有前舱510、中央通道520及乘员舱530。
前舱510位于燃料电池汽车500中的前方方向FD侧,构成为包括由一对前轮FW夹着的区域的空间。如图2及图3所示,前舱510收容空气压缩机30、氧化剂气体供给路31、空气滤清器32、喷出流路34、后冷却器800、入口部940及出口部950。
如图2及图3所示,空气压缩机30及后冷却器800配置在燃料电池组100的正下方。
中央通道520位于比前舱510靠后方方向RD侧处且乘员舱530的地板下。前舱510与中央通道520的交界并非明确地确定,前舱510及中央通道520是连续的空间。
乘员舱530位于比前舱510靠后方方向RD侧处且位于中央通道520的上方侧。在乘员舱530中收容有前方座席FS及后方座席RS。前舱510及乘员舱530由前围板DB来区划。中央通道520及乘员舱530由地板610来区划。
如图2所示,燃料电池组100在前后方向上朝向后方方向RD侧而向下方倾斜配置。换言之,燃料电池组100以随着朝向后方方向RD而位于下方的方式相对于前后方向倾斜配置。
氧化剂气体供给路31与端板120连接。详细而言,氧化剂气体供给路31与设于端板120的开口部连接。开口部是指上述的歧管的开口部。
在燃料电池组100搭载于燃料电池汽车500的姿态下,端板120位于燃料电池组100的构成要素中的最靠后方方向RD侧处。因此,氧化剂气体供给路31连接于燃料电池组100的后方表面。即,氧化剂气体供给路31是将燃料电池组100的后方表面与空气压缩机30的出口流路即出口部950连结的流路管。
如前所述,空气压缩机30配置在燃料电池组100的正下方。因此,大致地说,从空气压缩机30向燃料电池组100的压缩空气朝向大概后方方向RD流动之后向铅垂上方流动,然后向大概前方方向FD流动。
后冷却器800形成朝向上述大概后方方向RD流动的流路。氧化剂气体供给路31形成朝向上述的铅垂上方流动的流路、及朝向大概前方方向FD流动的流路。氧化剂气体供给路31将从配置在燃料电池组100的正下方的后冷却器800流出的压缩空气从燃料电池组100的后方表面供给,因此流路的长度短。
氢罐21、22、23具有大致圆筒形的外观形状。氢罐22及氢罐23以各自的中心轴线相对于宽度方向LH大致平行的方式被收容。氢罐22及氢罐23配置在比后方座席RS靠后方方向RD处。需要说明的是,氢罐22及氢罐23在图3中未示出。
如图2及图3所示,氢罐21以中心轴线O相对于前后方向大致平行的方式被收容。中央通道520收容氢罐21。中央通道520在宽度方向LH的大致中央沿着前后方向形成。中央通道520的顶棚部分和乘员舱530的地板部分由地板610形成。
图4是表示图2所示的4-4截面的剖视图。中央通道520具有与在周知的发动机车中收容传动轴的中央通道同样的形状。传动轴也称为驱动轴。中央通道520由铅垂上方的地板610、侧壁部620及下方罩630形成。在乘员舱530的地板中与中央通道520对应的部分相比其他部分向铅垂上方凸出。
氢罐21通过第一安装构件310和第二安装构件320安装于侧壁部620。第一安装构件310及第二安装构件320分别包括带部和安装部。带部将氢罐21沿外周方向包围。安装部将带部安装于侧壁部620。
图5是后冷却器800的仰视图。后冷却器800具备入口凸缘810、入口连接部815、出口凸缘820、出口连接部825、压力传感器827、温度传感器829、冷却水入口流路830、冷却水出口流路840及主体880。
入口凸缘810连接于入口部940。出口凸缘820连接于出口部950。压缩空气从入口凸缘810流入,并经由入口连接部815向主体880流入。
另一方面,冷却水入口流路830连接于后冷却器用供给流路730。冷却水出口流路840连接于后冷却器用排出流路740。从水泵710排出的冷却水经由后冷却器用供给流路730向主体880流入。流入到主体880的冷却水对应流入到主体880的压缩空气进行冷却。对压缩空气进行冷却后的冷却水经由冷却水出口流路840向后冷却器用排出流路740流入。
在主体880中被冷却后的压缩空气经由出口连接部825及出口凸缘820向出口部950流入。
压力传感器827安装于出口连接部825。压力传感器827测定冷却后的压缩空气的压力。温度传感器829安装于出口连接部825。温度传感器829测定冷却后的压缩空气的温度。
将主体880的底面称为底面881。图5示出了底面881作为主体880。需要说明的是,冷却水入口流路830及冷却水出口流路840连接于主体880的正面。
图6是后冷却器800附近的放大图。后冷却器800以倾斜的姿态搭载。具体而言,后冷却器800以出口部950位于比入口部940靠上方处的方式以倾斜的姿态搭载。因此,底面881与前后方向交叉。如图6所示,交叉的角度是比直角小的角度。此外,如图3及图6所示,底面881与中心轴线O交叉。底面881与中心轴线O所成的角度为角度θ。角度θ与底面881和前后方向所成的角度相同。
图7示出氢罐21与后冷却器800发生了碰撞的状况。该碰撞由燃料电池汽车500的碰撞事故等引起。通过该碰撞,氢罐21和空气压缩机30中的至少任一方发生移动,其结果,氢罐21与空气压缩机30接近。
该碰撞有时会使后冷却器800断裂。在发生断裂的情况下,首先在出口连接部825处发生断裂的情况较多。其理由是,出口连接部825处于接近氢罐21的位置,因此在刚碰撞后受力的情况较多,并且,出口连接部825是截面积小的部位,因此应力集中于该部位。图7将出口连接部825的断裂面表示为断裂面F1。
图8示出断裂的后冷却器800发生了移动的状况。当在出口连接部825发生断裂之后,氢罐21与空气压缩机30进一步接近时,后冷却器800旋转。该旋转是以宽度方向LH为中心的旋转。该旋转由底面881倾斜引起。
当旋转角增大时,入口连接部815断裂。这是因为,入口连接部815与出口连接部825同样地存在截面积小的部位。图8将入口连接部815的断裂面表示为断裂面F2。
使氢罐21与空气压缩机30接近的力通过出口连接部825及入口连接部815的断裂以及后冷却器800的旋转而衰减。其结果是,空气压缩机30得到保护。
本公开并不局限于本说明书的实施方式或实施例、变形例,能够在不脱离其主旨的范围内以各种结构实现。例如,与发明内容一栏记载的各方式中的技术特征对应的实施方式、实施例、变形例中的技术特征能够为了解决前述的课题的一部分或全部或者为了实现前述的效果的一部分或全部而适当更换或组合。只要该技术特征在本说明书中不是作为必要技术特征进行说明,就能够适当删除。例如,可例示以下的变形。
通过后冷却器800保护的高电压电动部件也可以不是空气压缩机30。例如,也可以是水泵710、氢泵及电动机M中的至少任一个。在燃料电池汽车500具备空调装置的情况下,通过后冷却器800保护的高电压电动部件可以是为了空气调节而对制冷剂进行压缩的压缩机。而且,关于工作使用的电压是否为高电压,可以不依据法规而任意决定。
燃料电池组和保护对象的高电压电动部件中的至少任一方也可以配置在比后方座席RS靠后方处。例如,在保护电动机M的情况下,可以将电动机M配置于前舱,也可以将后冷却器800配置在比后方座席RS靠后方处。
空气压缩机30可以配置在燃料电池组100的上方。
后冷却器800也可以以未倾斜的姿态搭载。即,也可以以底面881成为水平的方式搭载。
搭载氢罐21的空间也可以不形成为中央通道520。例如,也可以将乘员舱530的地板形成得平坦,并将氢罐21悬吊于地板下而搭载。
后冷却器800也可以不具备压力传感器827和温度传感器829中的至少任一方。
Claims (7)
1.一种燃料电池汽车,具备:
氢罐,以中心轴线相对于汽车的前后方向大致平行的方式搭载;
高电压电动部件,位于所述氢罐的前方及后方中的任一方,利用高电压而工作;
后冷却器,配置在所述氢罐与所述高电压电动部件之间,对压缩空气进行冷却;及
燃料电池组,接受所述冷却后的压缩空气的供给。
2.根据权利要求1所述的燃料电池汽车,
还具备在乘员舱的前方形成的前舱,
所述高电压电动部件收容于所述前舱,
所述氢罐位于所述高电压电动部件的后方。
3.根据权利要求2所述的燃料电池汽车,
所述高电压电动部件是向所述后冷却器送入压缩空气的空气压缩机,
所述燃料电池组收容于所述前舱,
所述燃料电池汽车还具备氧化剂气体供给路,该氧化剂气体供给路与所述燃料电池组的后方表面连接,所述冷却后的压缩空气在该氧化剂气体供给路中流动。
4.根据权利要求3所述的燃料电池汽车,
所述空气压缩机配置在所述燃料电池组的下方。
5.根据权利要求1或2所述的燃料电池汽车,
所述高电压电动部件是向所述后冷却器送入压缩空气的空气压缩机。
6.根据权利要求1~5中任一项所述的燃料电池汽车,
所述后冷却器以自身的底面与所述前后方向交叉的方式以倾斜的姿态搭载。
7.根据权利要求1~6中任一项所述的燃料电池汽车,
还具备中央通道,该中央通道是通过乘员舱的地板凸起而形成于地板下的空间,
所述氢罐配置在所述中央通道内。
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CN112172611B (zh) * | 2020-10-16 | 2022-08-16 | 林海 | 车用液氢燃料电池的冷却装置 |
JP7394737B2 (ja) * | 2020-10-30 | 2023-12-08 | 愛三工業株式会社 | 燃料供給装置 |
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USRE49476E1 (en) | 2023-03-28 |
DE102018102009A1 (de) | 2018-09-13 |
JP2018144735A (ja) | 2018-09-20 |
US20180257509A1 (en) | 2018-09-13 |
US10479215B2 (en) | 2019-11-19 |
JP6740933B2 (ja) | 2020-08-19 |
CN108574066B (zh) | 2021-02-26 |
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