CN108572336B - Detection device for satellite space magnetic field - Google Patents
Detection device for satellite space magnetic field Download PDFInfo
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- CN108572336B CN108572336B CN201710131139.3A CN201710131139A CN108572336B CN 108572336 B CN108572336 B CN 108572336B CN 201710131139 A CN201710131139 A CN 201710131139A CN 108572336 B CN108572336 B CN 108572336B
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- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R33/00—Arrangements or instruments for measuring magnetic variables
- G01R33/02—Measuring direction or magnitude of magnetic fields or magnetic flux
- G01R33/04—Measuring direction or magnitude of magnetic fields or magnetic flux using the flux-gate principle
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R33/00—Arrangements or instruments for measuring magnetic variables
- G01R33/02—Measuring direction or magnitude of magnetic fields or magnetic flux
- G01R33/06—Measuring direction or magnitude of magnetic fields or magnetic flux using galvano-magnetic devices
- G01R33/09—Magnetoresistive devices
- G01R33/093—Magnetoresistive devices using multilayer structures, e.g. giant magnetoresistance sensors
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Abstract
The invention provides a detection device for a satellite space magnetic field, which comprises: the digital fluxgate magnetometer, the giant magnetoresistance magnetometer and the power supply control circuit; the communication interface of the digital flux gate magnetometer and the giant magnetoresistance magnetometer is connected with the power supply control circuit, the power supply control circuit controls the input voltage of the digital flux gate magnetometer and the giant magnetoresistance magnetometer through satellite signals, simultaneously provides synchronous clock signals for the operation of the magnetometers, and packs and arranges magnetic field detection data output by the magnetometers and then inputs the packed and arranged magnetic field detection data to the satellite. The detection device can simultaneously detect and obtain the low-frequency signal and the high-frequency signal of the satellite space magnetic field and perform relatively independent signal processing.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of space detection, in particular to a detection device for a satellite space magnetic field.
Background
The magnetic layer, the ionized layer and the thermal layer are complex space environments in which plasma and neutral gas coexist and are tightly coupled with each other, are main occurrence areas of disastrous space weather caused by severe solar activities, and have important influence on the safety and navigation of human aerospace activities and the normal operation of a communication system; therefore, the detection research of the region has important scientific significance and has important application prospect.
In the magnetic layer-ionosphere-thermal layer space physical research, a fluxgate magnetometer is generally used for vector measurement of a space magnetic field. The fluxgate technology was developed by german at the earliest in 1930 and started to enter a practical stage at the same time. The range span of magnetic field detection is large (+/-65000nT), and the resolution requirement is high (the noise is lower than 0.05nT/Hz1/2@1Hz), positiveNegative 65000nT means that the measurement range is 130000nT, and if the resolution is 16 bits, the detection precision is 130000nT/216Is approximately equal to 1.98nT, and the detection precision is 1000nT/2 when the measurement range is 1000nT16And the flux-gate magnetometer is approximately equal to 0.015nT, so that the conventional flux-gate magnetometer with a single measuring range is difficult to simultaneously meet the double requirements of the measuring range and the resolution. In addition, the fluxgate sensor has an unsatisfactory detection effect on the high-frequency magnetic field signal, so that the fluxgate sensor is limited to realize a detection function in a low-frequency magnetic field environment, has low applicability, and is not beneficial to detection and research of a changeable satellite space magnetic field.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problem that the existing fluxgate magnetometer cannot meet the detection of high-frequency magnetic field signals, and provides a detection device for a satellite space magnetic field, which can simultaneously detect and obtain low-frequency signals and high-frequency signals of the satellite space magnetic field and perform relatively independent signal processing.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides a detecting device for a satellite space magnetic field, comprising: the digital fluxgate magnetometer, the giant magnetoresistance magnetometer and the power supply control circuit; the communication interface of digital flux-gate magnetometer and giant magnetoresistance magnetometer is connected with the power control circuit and is respectively used for detecting the low-frequency signal and the high-frequency signal of a satellite space magnetic field, the power control circuit controls the input voltage of the digital flux-gate magnetometer and the giant magnetoresistance magnetometer through satellite signals, simultaneously provides a synchronous clock signal for the operation of the magnetometer and packs and arranges magnetic field detection data output by the magnetometer to be input to a satellite.
As a further improvement of the above technical solution, the digital fluxgate magnetometer comprises: the magnetic flux gate sensor comprises a magnetic flux gate sensor, a preamplifier, an AD converter, a digital signal processing circuit, a DA converter and a feedback current driver; the preamplifier amplifies a voltage signal obtained by the fluxgate sensor through induction of an external magnetic field and converts the voltage signal into a digital signal through an AD converter; after the digital signal is processed by the digital signal processing circuit, the generated signal capable of reflecting the vector information of the external magnetic field is transmitted in two paths, wherein one path of signal is output to the power supply control circuit, and the other path of signal is converted into an analog signal by the AD converter and then is input to a feedback coil of the fluxgate sensor through the feedback current driver to form a closed loop.
As a further improvement of the above technical solution, the digital fluxgate magnetometer is provided with two parallel fluxgate sensors, each of the fluxgate sensors is connected in sequence with a preamplifier, an AD converter, a digital signal processing circuit, a DA converter, and a feedback current driver provided on a corresponding circuit thereof, and forms a closed loop; the giant magnetoresistance magnetometer is provided with four giant magnetoresistance sensors which are connected in parallel, and the two fluxgate sensors and the four giant magnetoresistance sensors are positioned at different positions around the satellite.
As a further improvement of the above technical solution, temperature sensors are disposed on both the fluxgate sensor of the digital fluxgate magnetometer and the giant magnetoresistance sensor of the giant magnetoresistance magnetometer, and a signal output end of the temperature sensor is connected to the power control circuit.
As a further improvement of the above technical solution, the digital signal processing circuit includes: a phase sensitive demodulator, an integrator, a down sampler and a 422 serial interface; the phase-sensitive demodulator, the integrator and the down-sampler are used for respectively carrying out phase-sensitive synchronous demodulation, integration and down-sampling processing on the digital signal; the digital signal processing circuit outputs the signal after down-sampling processing to the power control circuit through a 422 serial interface.
As a further improvement of the above technical solution, the digital signal processing circuit further includes a self-excited regulator, and the self-excited regulator includes: the white noise signal generator, the signal superimposer, the high-frequency AD converter and the low-pass filter are connected in sequence; the output end of the phase-sensitive demodulator is connected with the signal superimposer, the output end of the low-pass filter is connected with the integrator, the signal superimposer superimposes the waveform of the high-frequency white noise signal output by the white noise signal generator and the signal output by the phase-sensitive demodulator, and the superimposed signal is subjected to oversampling and low-pass filtering processing through the high-frequency AD converter and the low-pass filter.
As a further improvement of the above technical solution, the AD converter converts the voltage signal amplified by the preamplifier into a 16-bit digital signal, and the self-excited regulator is configured to perform oversampling modulation on the 16-bit digital signal to obtain a 24-bit digital signal.
The detection device for the satellite space magnetic field has the advantages that:
1. the digital fluxgate magnetometer and the giant magnetoresistance magnetometer are integrally designed, so that the whole detection device can realize the synchronous detection of a low-frequency signal and a high-frequency signal of a satellite space magnetic field, and the two magnetometers can relatively independently process respective signals without mutual interference through the signal control of the power supply control circuit; 2. by using a digital signal processing mode, a large number of analog devices for realizing the same signal processing function can be replaced by only one digital signal processor, so that the power consumption and the volume of the fluxgate magnetometer are reduced, and the analog signals are prevented from being excessively interfered by the outside; 3. the magnetic field gradient is eliminated by using a double-machine working mode; 4. high-precision detection is realized by using simpler devices, and the cost is effectively reduced; 5. the high-resolution output of the digital magnetometer is realized by adopting an oversampling modulation mode, so that the detection precision of the current fluxgate magnetometer is improved; 6. a 422 serial port communication protocol is used for communicating with a satellite, so that the communication reliability is improved; 7. because high-precision devices mostly have no aerospace level, the outer space detection cannot be realized, and the circuit in the invention can realize the high-precision detection effect by using the aerospace level devices with common precision.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a structural diagram of a detecting device for a satellite space magnetic field according to the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a digital fluxgate magnetometer in the embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of a digital signal processing circuit according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 4 is a graph showing the relationship between the ambient magnetic field strength and the induced electromotive force second harmonic intensity.
Fig. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of a self-excited regulator in an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 6a is a signal waveform diagram of the measured signal output by the phase sensitive demodulator according to the present invention.
Fig. 6b is a signal waveform diagram of the measured signal shown in fig. 6a after being superimposed by a high frequency white noise signal.
Fig. 6c is a signal waveform diagram of the superimposed signal shown in fig. 6b after the sampling process.
Fig. 6d is a waveform diagram of the signal shown in fig. 6c after the signal has been low-pass filtered.
Detailed Description
The following describes a detection device for a satellite space magnetic field according to the present invention in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments.
As shown in fig. 1, the present invention provides a device for detecting a magnetic field in a satellite space, including: the digital fluxgate magnetometer, the giant magnetoresistance magnetometer and the power supply control circuit; the communication interface of digital flux-gate magnetometer and giant magnetoresistance magnetometer is connected with the power control circuit and is respectively used for detecting the low-frequency signal and the high-frequency signal of a satellite space magnetic field, the power control circuit controls the input voltage of the digital flux-gate magnetometer and the giant magnetoresistance magnetometer through satellite signals, simultaneously provides a synchronous clock signal for the operation of the magnetometer and packs and arranges magnetic field detection data output by the magnetometer to be input to a satellite.
Based on the detection device with the above structure, as shown in fig. 2, in this embodiment, the digital fluxgate magnetometer includes: the magnetic flux gate sensor comprises a magnetic flux gate sensor, a preamplifier, an AD converter, a digital signal processing circuit, a DA converter and a feedback current driver; the preamplifier amplifies a voltage signal obtained by the fluxgate sensor through induction of an external magnetic field and converts the voltage signal into a digital signal through an AD converter; after the digital signal is processed by the digital signal processing circuit, the generated signal capable of reflecting the vector information of the external magnetic field is transmitted in two paths, wherein one path of signal is output to the power supply control circuit, and the other path of signal is converted into an analog signal by the AD converter and then is input to a feedback coil of the fluxgate sensor through the feedback current driver to form a closed loop.
As shown in fig. 2, in this embodiment, the digital fluxgate magnetometer adopts a duplex mode, that is, two parallel fluxgate sensors are provided, and each fluxgate sensor is connected to a preamplifier, an AD converter, a digital signal processing circuit, a DA converter, and a feedback current driver provided on a corresponding circuit in sequence to form a closed loop; two independent signal processing circuits are led out from the output ends of the two fluxgate sensors, and the two fluxgate sensors are placed at different positions outside the satellite casing. And a double-machine working mode is used, and the magnetic field error is counteracted by detecting and obtaining two groups of data at different positions. The method is particularly used for offsetting an interference magnetic field generated by the satellite so as to reduce the interference of the satellite on the digital fluxgate magnetometer. Based on the above working mode, the giant magnetoresistance magnetometer can be provided with four giant magnetoresistance sensors connected in parallel, and the four giant magnetoresistance sensors are also placed at different positions around the satellite.
Temperature sensors can be arranged on the fluxgate sensor of the digital fluxgate magnetometer and the giant magnetoresistance sensor of the giant magnetoresistance magnetometer, the signal output end of each temperature sensor is connected with the power supply control circuit and used for measuring the temperature of each magnetic field sensor and inverting the temperature data result according to the temperature curve measured by experiments, so that the temperature drift error is eliminated.
The fluxgate sensor is composed of a primary winding wound on a magnetic core and a secondary coil surrounding the magnetic core. The fluxgate sensor primary winding is typically loaded with a symmetrical pulsed excitation current of a certain frequency fo (-10 kHz). The core is saturated twice with each excitation current pulse. If an external magnetic field exists, a second harmonic component in the secondary coil can be excited, the amplitude of the second harmonic component is in direct proportion to the magnitude of the external magnetic field, and the fluxgate magnetometer detects the magnetic field by using the principle that the second harmonic in the secondary coil is in direct proportion to the intensity of the external magnetic field. Any even harmonic wave output by the fluxgate sensor can be used as a measurement of the measured magnetic field, and the second harmonic voltage of the fluxgate sensor is usually selected to measure the measured magnetic field because the second harmonic amplitude is the largest. The fluxgate sensor detects a magnetic field by using an electromagnetic induction principle, and converts a magnetic signal into an electric signal. However, from the relationship between the ambient magnetic field strength B and the induced electromotive force second harmonic intensity H shown in fig. 4, it is understood that: if the magnetic field intensity of the environment in which the signal coil is located is too high, the linearity is not high, and in this case, when the external field intensity is measured by using the intensity of the second harmonic, a great error is necessarily generated. Therefore, in the invention, a feedback signal is input to the feedback coil of the fluxgate sensor through the arranged feedback current driver to offset the environmental magnetic field, so that the coil of the fluxgate sensor always works near a zero magnetic field, and because the zero magnetic field is much smaller than a non-excitation external magnetic field in the open-loop magnetic core, the influence on the external measured magnetic field is reduced, thereby being beneficial to improving the linearity, enabling the coil to work in an optimal linear region and effectively inhibiting the temperature drift and the null drift.
Based on the circuit with the above structure, as shown in fig. 3, in the present embodiment, the digital signal processing circuit includes: phase sensitive demodulator, integrator, down sampler, 422 serial interface and self-excitation regulator; the phase-sensitive demodulator, the integrator and the down-sampler are used for respectively carrying out phase-sensitive synchronous demodulation, integration and down-sampling processing on the digital signals, and the self-excitation regulator is used for carrying out over-sampling modulation on the 16-bit digital signals to obtain 24-bit digital signals; and the 422 serial interface outputs the down-sampled signal to the power control circuit.
Because the communication interface of the digital fluxgate magnetometer has more data sending and instruction receiving channels and stricter power consumption limitation, a 422 serial port communication protocol is used for communicating with the satellite, and compared with other communication modes, the digital fluxgate magnetometer has lower power consumption and reduces the load of the satellite.
The flow of signal processing by the circuit comprises the following steps: the flux gate sensor outputs a signal to a preamplifier, the signal is amplified, the amplified signal is output to an ADC (analog-to-digital converter), and the converted digital signal is input to a digital signal processing circuit to be subjected to a series of processing; in the digital signal processing circuit, firstly, 16-bit digital signals output by an ADC are subjected to phase-sensitive synchronous demodulation, then, demodulated signals are sent to a self-excitation regulator to carry out jitter excitation on the signals, then, the self-excitation regulator outputs the modulated signals to an integrator to carry out integration processing and then outputs the integrated signals, wherein one path of signals are output to the DAC to carry out digital-to-analog conversion, the converted analog quantity is input to a sensor feedback coil through a feedback current driver to complete the signal processing of the whole closed-loop system, and the other path of signals are subjected to down-sampling processing and then are output to a power supply control circuit through a 422 serial port.
For digital fluxgate magnetometers, the strength of the effective signal (second harmonic) is usually much less than the strength of the first and third harmonic components, and phase-sensitive synchronous demodulation must be employed to completely remove the first and third harmonic components. The principle of phase-sensitive synchronous demodulation is to amplify a signal in phase in the first half cycle of a reference signal and amplify the signal in anti-phase in the second half cycle of the reference signal.
In addition, the phase-sensitive demodulator, the self-excitation regulator, the integrator and the down sampler can be integrally designed by the FPGA, so that the power consumption and the volume of the circuit are further reduced.
The digital fluxgate magnetometer adopts a signal jitter oversampling technology, so that a 16-bit digital signal is enhanced into an effective 24-bit digital signal by the technology, and the sampling precision is greatly improved. The traditional fluxgate magnetometer is partially changed from an analog circuit to a digital circuit, so that the 16-bit ADC and the 16-bit DAC realize 24-bit acquisition precision, and the precision greatly exceeds the existing fluxgate precision level.
As shown in fig. 5, the self-excited regulator specifically includes: the white noise signal generator, the signal superimposer, the high-frequency AD converter and the low-pass filter are connected in sequence; the output end of the phase-sensitive demodulator is connected with the signal superimposer, the output end of the low-pass filter is connected with the integrator, the signal superimposer superimposes the waveform of the high-frequency white noise signal output by the white noise signal generator and the signal output by the phase-sensitive demodulator, and the superimposed signal is subjected to oversampling and low-pass filtering through the high-frequency AD converter and the low-pass filter. The signal after phase-sensitive synchronous demodulation must be filtered to remove high-frequency components, so as to obtain the direct current quantity reflecting the strength of the measured magnetic field. For this purpose, a voltage value which ultimately reflects the strength of the measured magnetic field can be obtained by means of a low-pass filter. After the 16-bit digital signal enters the self-excitation regulator, the signal is subjected to oscillation modulation, and the principle is that a high-frequency white noise signal with certain intensity is superposed into the 16-bit digital signal.
Because the frequency response curve of the high-frequency white noise signal is a flat straight line, after the low-frequency part is filtered, the residual high-frequency part cannot be superposed with the low-frequency signal output by the DAC to influence the output signal of the system. After the self-excitation adjusting module is added, the ratio of the signal to the quantization noise is shown as the following formula:
wherein, B is quantization digit, namely ADC digit; o is the oversampling multiple, i.e., the ratio of the system sampling frequency to the nyquist sampling rate. It can be seen from the above formula that the signal superposition processing can significantly improve the system signal-to-noise ratio, i.e., the system output accuracy.
In this embodiment, the white noise generator can generate a high frequency white noise signal by using a random function, and the frequency response curve of the white noise signal is a flat straight line, and the energy at each frequency point is equal. As shown in fig. 6a, if the measured signal used in this embodiment is an ideal sinusoidal signal, the signal waveform generated by superimposing a high-frequency white noise signal and the measured signal is shown in fig. 6 b; the digital signal obtained by performing the high-frequency AD conversion is low-pass filtered as shown in fig. 6c, and the signal having the waveform shown in fig. 6d is finally output. By comparing the signal waveform changes of fig. 6a to 6d, it is obvious that: compared with a signal obtained by directly carrying out analog-to-digital conversion, the signal resolution ratio after the self-excitation modulation algorithm is greatly improved.
Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used for illustrating the technical solutions of the present invention and are not limited. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the embodiments, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes may be made and equivalents may be substituted without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined in the appended claims.
Claims (4)
1. An apparatus for detecting a magnetic field in a satellite space, comprising: the digital fluxgate magnetometer, the giant magnetoresistance magnetometer and the power supply control circuit; the communication interface of the digital flux gate magnetometer and the giant magnetoresistance magnetometer is connected with a power supply control circuit and is respectively used for detecting a low-frequency signal and a high-frequency signal of a satellite space magnetic field, the power supply control circuit controls the input voltage of the digital flux gate magnetometer and the giant magnetoresistance magnetometer through a satellite signal, simultaneously provides a synchronous clock signal for the operation of the magnetometers, packs and arranges magnetic field detection data output by the magnetometers and then inputs the magnetic field detection data to the satellite;
the digital fluxgate magnetometer comprises: the magnetic flux gate sensor comprises a magnetic flux gate sensor, a preamplifier, an AD converter, a digital signal processing circuit, a DA converter and a feedback current driver; the preamplifier amplifies a voltage signal obtained by the fluxgate sensor through induction of an external magnetic field and converts the voltage signal into a digital signal through an AD converter; after the digital signal is processed by the digital signal processing circuit, the generated signal capable of reflecting the vector information of the external magnetic field is transmitted in two paths, wherein one path of signal is output to the power supply control circuit, and the other path of signal is converted into an analog signal by the AD converter and then is input to a feedback coil of the fluxgate sensor through the feedback current driver to form a closed loop;
the digital fluxgate magnetometer adopts a double-machine working mode and is provided with two parallel fluxgate sensors, and each fluxgate sensor is sequentially connected with a preamplifier, an AD converter, a digital signal processing circuit, a DA converter and a feedback current driver which are arranged on a corresponding circuit to form a closed loop; the giant magnetoresistance magnetometer is provided with four giant magnetoresistance sensors which are connected in parallel, and the two fluxgate sensors and the four giant magnetoresistance sensors are positioned at different positions around the satellite;
the digital signal processing circuit further comprises a self-excited regulator, the self-excited regulator comprising: the white noise signal generator, the signal superimposer, the high-frequency AD converter and the low-pass filter are connected in sequence; the output end of the phase-sensitive demodulator is connected with the signal superimposer, the output end of the low-pass filter is connected with the integrator, the signal superimposer superimposes the waveform of the high-frequency white noise signal output by the white noise signal generator and the signal output by the phase-sensitive demodulator, and the superimposed signal is subjected to oversampling and low-pass filtering processing through the high-frequency AD converter and the low-pass filter;
the signal to quantization noise ratio is shown by the following equation:
wherein, B is quantization digit, namely ADC digit; o is the oversampling multiple, i.e., the ratio of the system sampling frequency to the nyquist sampling rate.
2. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the fluxgate sensor of the digital fluxgate magnetometer and the giant magnetoresistance sensor of the giant magnetoresistance magnetometer are both provided with temperature sensors, and signal output terminals of the temperature sensors are connected with the power control circuit.
3. The apparatus for detecting the magnetic field in a satellite space according to claim 1, wherein said digital signal processing circuit comprises: a phase sensitive demodulator, an integrator, a down sampler and a 422 serial interface; the phase-sensitive demodulator, the integrator and the down-sampler are used for respectively carrying out phase-sensitive synchronous demodulation, integration and down-sampling processing on the digital signal; the digital signal processing circuit outputs the signal after down-sampling processing to the power control circuit through a 422 serial interface.
4. The device according to claim 1, wherein the AD converter converts the voltage signal amplified by the preamplifier into a 16-bit digital signal, and the self-excited regulator is configured to perform oversampling modulation on the 16-bit digital signal to obtain a 24-bit digital signal.
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