CN108552002A - A kind of northeast cross region between farmland and grassland Maize-Peanut high-yield planting method - Google Patents
A kind of northeast cross region between farmland and grassland Maize-Peanut high-yield planting method Download PDFInfo
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- CN108552002A CN108552002A CN201810304678.7A CN201810304678A CN108552002A CN 108552002 A CN108552002 A CN 108552002A CN 201810304678 A CN201810304678 A CN 201810304678A CN 108552002 A CN108552002 A CN 108552002A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/20—Cereals
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/40—Fabaceae, e.g. beans or peas
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of northeast cross region between farmland and grassland corn, peanut high yield cultivating methods.This method is by (1) early spring site preparation and fertilization, (2) sowing management, (3) Chemical Control plant height, and (4) corn stays high stubble and (5) coming year rotation of crops technology to select to control to reach and plant purpose between corn and peanut.The long-term continuous cropping of peanut and corn may be implemented in this method, avoid the further deterioration of local soil physical and chemical property, and the stable yield of corn, peanut, crop substantially reduces by extreme natural environment influence, it slows down simultaneously and is highly suitable for the northeast cross region between farmland and grassland that ecology is easily damaged due to field soil Desertification caused by dust storm.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to proportion of crop planting fields, and in particular to a kind of corn of northeast cross region between farmland and grassland, peanut combination kind
The high-yield planting method of plant.
Background technology
Northeast cross region between farmland and grassland is located at the east of north of China Agro-grazing ecotone, three Norths boundary cross region between farmland and grassland, ecological ring
Border composed structure is relatively unstable, reacts variation that is sensitive and being easily unfavorable for human use for disturbing factor, belongs to ecology
Vulnerable environment band.Farming-pastoral Region, agricultural production conditions are harsh, are the most unstable areas of China's agricultural production, adjustment soil
Ground utilizes structure, inquires into the best crop planting model in land use, for improving the Land Productivity of this area, it is ensured that
Ecological safety is of great significance.In this area, corn is staple crops, is glided however as corn price, under planting benefit
Drop, peasant planting enthusiasm reduce.Peanut as a kind of resistance to lean crop of drought resisting, in northeast cross region between farmland and grassland drought, have compared with
But there are larger advantage, investigation to find local husky under the husky hillside fields of big proportion, the natural ecological conditions such as energy force difference of retaining and conserveing soil moisture
Slope plantation peanut yield is more secure than corn, and peanut has higher economic benefit, many peasants relative to corn in addition
It feels and adjusts and reduce maize sown area and replant peanut.
Rational crop disposition can improve the level of resources utilization, reduce the environmental risk of crop production, reach resource section
About and emission reduction synergy purpose plays peanut biological nitrogen fixation advantage, exploitation east to adapt to northeast cross region between farmland and grassland natural ecological environment
Northern cross region between farmland and grassland Land Productivity, realize peasant's increasing both production and income, be effectively relieved grain and oil strive ground, people and animals strive grain, breeding is not assisted
The contradiction of tune meets Demand of Nation of the new period grain through feeding coordinated development and agriculture supply side structural reform, such as
CN106561236A《Peanut-maize intercrop implantation methods》, by limiting peanut, row during corn planting, spacing and it is specific when
Between carry out sieve seedling processing, come reach efficiently using light, thermal resource, and then improve yield.
But since northeast cross region between farmland and grassland ecological environment composed structure is relatively unstable, and bad environments are changeable so that
There are soil physical and chemical property deteriorations, weeds to increase in area herein for corn, peanut continuous cropping pattern, and pest and disease damage aggravates, crop failure etc.
Problem.
Invention content
Based on existing peanut, continuous corn cropping technology when northeast cross region between farmland and grassland is applied existing deficiency, mesh of the invention
Be a kind of Maize-Peanut high yield cultivating method suitable for northeast cross region between farmland and grassland is provided.
In order to realize that the above-mentioned purpose of the present invention, the present inventor are final to obtain by a large number of experiments research and unremitting effort
It is a kind of to be suitable for northeast cross region between farmland and grassland Maize-Peanut high yield cultivating method.This method can avoid corn, peanut continuous cropping pair
The destruction of local soil physical and chemical property, the reduction year by year of crop yield, and weeds quantity in soil can be reduced, improve northeast
Cross region between farmland and grassland Land Productivity realizes peasant's increasing both production and income, and it is uncoordinated to be effectively relieved that grain and oil strive ground, people and animals strive grain, breeding
Contradiction, meet new period grain through raising the Demand of Nation of coordinated development and agriculture supply side structural reform.
Specifically, technical scheme of the present invention overview is as follows：A kind of northeast cross region between farmland and grassland Maize-Peanut high-yield culturing side
Method, this method include following technology point：
(1) early spring site preparation and fertilization：Soil is turned over and smooth, the application base fertilizer during turning over when early spring；
(2) sowing management：It is divided into corn strip band and peanut band, and corn and alternate point of peanut band in seeding process
Cloth；
(3) Chemical Control plant height：Peanut spraying in plant height 35-40cm controls medicament, and drop plant height reduces redundancy growth；It is beautiful
Plant height drops in rice spraying control medicament in visible leaf 12-14 piece leaves；
(4) corn stays high stubble：In harvest corn, its stalk is carried out to stay high stubble, height for the stubble left 40-50cm；
(5) coming year rotates crops：When being sowed in the coming year, corn strip band and peanut band are replaced.
Preferably, cross region between farmland and grassland Maize-Peanut high yield cultivating method in northeast as described above wherein turns in technology point (1)
When ploughing soil, if stubble planted peanut before soil, soil is carried out to plough deeply processing, depth 30-35cm.
Preferably, cross region between farmland and grassland Maize-Peanut high yield cultivating method in northeast as described above is wherein applied in technology point (1)
When adding base fertilizer, apply to per hectare 25-30t organic manures or 900-1200kg organic commercial fertilizers, while matching and applying 750-900kg's
Fertilizer specially for peanut or ternary compound fertilizer and 300-400kg calcareous fertilisers.
Preferably, cross region between farmland and grassland Maize-Peanut high yield cultivating method in northeast as described above, wherein in technology point (2)
When sowing management, blue and white No. 6 of peanut varieties selection, corn variety selects Zheng Dan 958.
Preferably, cross region between farmland and grassland Maize-Peanut high yield cultivating method in northeast as described above, wherein technology point (2) are described
Corn strip band and peanut band equiband.
Preferably, cross region between farmland and grassland Maize-Peanut high yield cultivating method in northeast as described above, wherein technology point (2) are sowed
When management, the row spacing of peanut bedder- planter is 55-65cm, a ridge duplicate rows, line-spacing 24-26cm, spacing in the rows 24-26cm, wrong row sowing,
Single grain fine sowing, after planting herbicide spraying, overlay film；Line-spacing 55-65cm when corn seeding, spacing in the rows 20-25cm.
Preferably, cross region between farmland and grassland Maize-Peanut high yield cultivating method in northeast as described above, wherein technology point (2) are sowed
When management, the row spacing of peanut bedder- planter is 60cm, a ridge duplicate rows, line-spacing 25cm, spacing in the rows 25cm, wrong row sowing, single grain fine sowing,
After planting herbicide spraying, overlay film；Line-spacing 60cm when corn seeding, spacing in the rows 25cm.
Preferably, cross region between farmland and grassland Maize-Peanut high yield cultivating method in northeast as described above, wherein technology point (3) chemistry
When controlling plant height, the change control medicament for spraying peanut is strong full peace, and the change control medicament for spraying corn is beautiful gold.
Preferably, cross region between farmland and grassland Maize-Peanut high yield cultivating method in northeast as described above, wherein in crop maturity
Corn is taken to be harvested by stages with peanut, specifically according to peanut and corn maturation time and band, respectively at mid or late September and 10
Month early and middle ten days by stages harvest peanut and corn.
The present invention compared with the existing technology, has the following technical effect that：
(1) the long-term continuous cropping of peanut and corn may be implemented in the present invention, avoids the further of local soil physical and chemical property
Deteriorate, and the stable yield of corn, peanut, is highly suitable for the northeast cross region between farmland and grassland that ecology is easily damaged；
(2) crop substantially reduces by extreme natural environment influence, such as wind, rain phenomenon cause plant lodging and then the underproduction
The case where substantially reduce, while slowing down due to field soil Desertification caused by dust storm；
(3) effect for reducing weeds in field is played while increasing soil fertility, and can be prevented erosion.
Specific implementation mode
Technical scheme of the present invention is clearly and completely described with reference to embodiment, the following example is only used for
Illustrate the present invention, and should not be regarded as limiting protection scope of the present invention.In addition, particular technique operating procedure is not specified in embodiment
Or condition person, carried out according to technology or condition described in document in the art or according to product description.Examination used
Production firm person is not specified in agent or instrument, and being can be with conventional products that are commercially available.
Northeast cross region between farmland and grassland Maize-Peanut high-yield culturing experiment, place is that Songyuan City of Jilin Province is regional, in the fertility of plot
Deng being typical cross region between farmland and grassland, winter, spring are windy, and for spring and autumn three quarters based on southwester, winter is then more blows northwester, year
Mean wind speed is 13.3 meter per seconds, and the continental monsoon climate in temperate zone in category, spring arid is short of rain, and summer is hot, and precipitation is concentrated, the autumn
Season is nice and cool, the drying of winter cold.
According to local climate condition, the Peanut Cultivars Which Host Planted of selection should be with the excellent of the characteristics such as shade tolerant, drought resisting, precocity
Kind should select have the excellent of the characteristics such as resistance to close, short bar, drought resisting to adapt to Shading with corn environment and local hydrothermal condition, corn
Non-defective unit kind, to expand planting density, reduction to the shading of peanut, the weather conditions of adaptation locality.Screen for seeds is carried out prior to seeding
Choosing, select grain it is big, it is full, without damaged seed, therefore select for examination corn variety to be Zheng Dan 958, peanut varieties are blue and white No. 6
(small fruit type).
1 northeast cross region between farmland and grassland Maize-peanut intercropping cultivation of embodiment：
(1) early spring site preparation and fertilization：On April 16th, 2016 to the soil for planting peanut turned over it is smooth, before turning over
Spread fertilizer over the fields to per hectare 30t organic manures, 750kg ternary compound fertilizer (15-15-15), 1000kg calcium superphosphate, using wheeled dilatory
The mating mouldboard plow of machine carries out, ploughed depth 30cm, process of turning over ensure the depth is consistent, working width is consistent, without backset balk, dead furrow
It is small, volt ridge it is small；Soil is carried out after turning over smooth.
(2) sowing management：May 8 seeding corn, it is desirable that line-spacing 60cm, spacing in the rows 25cm；May 15 sowed peanut, it is desirable that
Bedder- planter, row spacing 60cm, a ridge duplicate rows, blue and white No. 6 of a line plantation, a line plantation Weihe River spend No. 8, line-spacing 25cm, spacing in the rows 25cm,
Wrong row is sowed, single grain fine sowing, after planting herbicide spraying, overlay film；Wherein each 6 ridge (row) of corn, peanut, distributes alternately.
(3) Chemical Control plant height：Medicament jade gold is controlled in the corn typhon mouth phase to spraying of tasseling stage, reaches reduction strain
Height reduces the purpose of shading, in peanut plant height 30-35cm, to the strong full peace of peanut spraying of band control medicament, controls peanut strain
Height reduces the growth of overground part redundancy, is no longer applied fertilizer and irrigated in entire growth phase at this time.
(4) it harvests by stages：Current year September first harvests peanut for 25 days or so, and on October 15 or so carried out corn
It is used when harvest, wherein harvest corn and stays high stubble technology, height for the stubble left 40cm.
(5) coming year plants：When second year early spring site preparation, stubble cleaner is used first, and powder is carried out to the maize straw of high-stubble
Broken stubble-cleaning spreads fertilizer over the fields 30t organic manures, 750kg ternary compound fertilizer (15-15-15), 1000kg peroxophosphoric acid to per hectare after stubble-cleaning
Calcium is carried out, ploughed depth 30cm using the mating mouldboard plow of wheeled tractor, is carried out to soil after turning over smooth；Start May to broadcast
Kind, rotate crops sowing in corn, Peanut Fields, and specifically corn and peanut band will replace, peanut ridging, row spacing 60cm, a ridge
Duplicate rows, line-spacing 25cm, spacing in the rows 25cm, wrong row are sowed, single grain fine sowing, after planting herbicide spraying, overlay film；Row spacing of maize 60cm,
Spacing in the rows 25cm, each 6 ridge (row) of corn, peanut, distributes alternately；In peanut plant height 30-35cm, peanut band is sprayed strong full
Peace, corn are no longer applied fertilizer and are irrigated in typhon mouth phase to tasseling stage Spraying Yu, entire growth phase；September 27 days
Left and right first harvests peanut, and on October 13 or so harvested corn, and harvest corn process, which uses, stays high stubble to handle,
The height for the stubble left is 40cm.
2 years corns, peanut intercropping plant yield and benefit are counted：It is played under the partially non-irrigated time in 2016
Preferable advantage, according to the method for the present invention, maize planting and peanut, per hectare soil produce corn and are on same soil
5019kg/hm2, it is blue and white No. 6 1731kg/hm to go out yield peanut2, according to 1.4 yuan/kg of corn price, 6.2 yuan/kg of peanut price
(blue and white No. 6), the economic benefit in per hectare soil are 17759 yuan, with conventional sole maize of local current year (independent maize planting,
Per hectare soil produces corn 8526kg/hm2) compare, the economic benefit in per hectare soil improves 5822 yuan/hm2；2017
Year rainwater equally plays preferable advantage, per hectare corn yield 5085kg/hm under the relatively plentiful time2, per hectare flower
Output is blue and white No. 6 peanut yield 1836kg/hm2, according to 1.5 yuan/kg of corn price, peanut price 6.0 yuan/kg per hectares
The economic benefit in soil is 18644 yuan, with conventional sole maize (per hectare corn yield 8537kg/hm of local current year2) compare,
The economic benefit in per hectare soil improves 5838 yuan/hm2.The method of the present invention has been remarkably improved northeast cross region between farmland and grassland soil
Productive potentialities realize peasant's increasing both production and income, and the contradiction that grain and oil strive ground, people and animals strive grain, breeding is uncoordinated has been effectively relieved, and meet
New period grain is through raising the Demand of Nation to develop in harmony with agriculture supply side structural reform.
Meanwhile 2 years interrow crop Weeds Around situations of observation are found, and when the First Year harvesting crops previous moon, ground weeds
Area is significantly larger than the area of the previous moon weeds of same period second year harvesting crops, total weeds area reduce 15-18% it
Between；And this is between 2 years, since the locality plant lodging caused by bad weathers such as blow, rain does not have substantially, while this 2 years
Between, surface soil layer thickness does not change substantially, and part fine particle occurs in upper soll layer, it has been observed that being since strong wind is raised
Dirt phenomenon, the prone soil particle brought into from periphery.
Comparative example 1 (corn does not stay high stubble)
Equally since 2016, peanut-corn intercropping plant, all processes and reality are carried out on local another a piece of land
It is identical to apply example 1, difference is that (4) harvest by stages when, corn stubble-remaining height is 5-10cm.
2 years corns, peanut intercropping plant yield and benefit are counted：2016, per hectare soil produced corn production
Amount is 4986kg/hm2, it is blue and white No. 6 1698kg/hm to produce peanut yield2, according to 1.4 yuan/kg of corn price, peanut price
6.2 yuan/kg, 17508 yuan of the economic benefit in per hectare soil；In 2017, per hectare soil produced corn yield 4831kg/
hm2, it is blue and white No. 6 1546kg/hm to produce peanut yield2, according to 1.5 yuan/kg of corn price, 6.0 yuan/kg of peanut price, per public
16522.5 yuan of the economic benefit in hectare soil.
Comparative example 2 (do not rotate crops sowing)
Equally since 2016, peanut-corn intercropping plant, all processes and reality are carried out on local another a piece of land
It is identical to apply example 1, difference is that rotation of crops sowing will be carried out in corn, Peanut Fields not when planting in (5) coming year.
2 years corns, peanut intercropping plant yield and benefit are counted：2016, per hectare soil produced corn production
Amount is 5011kg/hm2, it is 1685kg/hm to produce peanut yield2, according to 1.4 yuan/kg of corn price, 6.2 yuan/kg of peanut price,
The economic benefit in per hectare soil is 17462 yuan；In 2017, per hectare soil produced corn yield 4867kg/hm2, produce
Peanut yield is 1538kg/hm2, according to 1.5 yuan/kg of corn price, 6.0 yuan/kg of peanut price (blue and white No. 6), 5.6 yuan/kg,
The economic benefit in per hectare soil is 16528.5 yuan.
According to embodiment 1 compared with the corn in comparative example 1 and 2 the same years, peanut yield, second year peanut, jade in comparative example
Rice yield has compared with First Year to be decreased obviously, it is known that the continuous cropping for many years of progress corn, peanut, which can destroy, on same soil works as
Ground soil physical and chemical property, and then crop yield is reduced, but technology according to the invention point goes to be improved, second year corn,
The yield of peanut is improved compared with First Year.
Claims (9)
1. a kind of northeast cross region between farmland and grassland Maize-Peanut high yield cultivating method, which is characterized in that this method includes following technology
Point：
(1) early spring site preparation and fertilization：Soil is turned over and smooth, the application base fertilizer during turning over when early spring；
(2) sowing management：It is divided into corn strip band and peanut band in seeding process, and corn and peanut band distribute alternately；
(3) Chemical Control plant height：Peanut spraying in plant height 35-40cm controls medicament, and drop plant height reduces redundancy growth；Corn exists
It can be seen that plant height drops in spraying control medicament when leaf 12-14 piece leaves；
(4) corn stays high stubble：In harvest corn, its stalk is carried out to stay high stubble, height for the stubble left 40-50cm；
(5) coming year rotates crops：When being sowed in the coming year, corn strip band and peanut band are replaced.
2. northeast cross region between farmland and grassland Maize-Peanut high yield cultivating method according to claim 1, which is characterized in that technology point
(1) in when plowed soils, if stubble planted peanut before soil, soil is carried out to plough deeply processing, depth 30-35cm.
3. northeast cross region between farmland and grassland Maize-Peanut high yield cultivating method according to claim 1, which is characterized in that technology point
(1) when applying base fertilizer in, apply to per hectare 25-30t organic manures or 900-1200kg organic commercial fertilizers, while matching and applying 750-
The fertilizer specially for peanut or ternary compound fertilizer and 300-400kg calcareous fertilisers of 900kg.
4. northeast cross region between farmland and grassland Maize-Peanut high yield cultivating method according to claim 1, which is characterized in that technology point
(2) in when sowing management, blue and white No. 6 of peanut varieties selection, corn variety selects Zheng Dan 958.
5. northeast cross region between farmland and grassland Maize-Peanut high yield cultivating method according to claim 1, which is characterized in that technology point
(2) the corn strip band described in and peanut band equiband.
6. northeast cross region between farmland and grassland Maize-Peanut high yield cultivating method according to claim 1, which is characterized in that technology point
(2) when sowing management, the row spacing of peanut bedder- planter is 55-65cm, and a ridge duplicate rows, line-spacing 24-26cm, spacing in the rows 24-26cm are wrong
Row is sowed, single grain fine sowing, after planting herbicide spraying, overlay film；Line-spacing 55-65cm when corn seeding, spacing in the rows 20-25cm.
7. northeast cross region between farmland and grassland Maize-Peanut high yield cultivating method according to claim 6, which is characterized in that wherein skill
When art point (2) sowing management, the row spacing of peanut bedder- planter is 60cm, a ridge duplicate rows, line-spacing 25cm, spacing in the rows 25cm, and wrong row is broadcast
It plants, single grain fine sowing, after planting herbicide spraying, overlay film；Line-spacing 60cm when corn seeding, spacing in the rows 25cm.
8. northeast cross region between farmland and grassland Maize-Peanut high yield cultivating method according to claim 1, which is characterized in that technology point
(3) when Chemical Control plant height, the change control medicament for spraying peanut is strong full peace, and the change control medicament for spraying corn is beautiful gold.
9. northeast cross region between farmland and grassland Maize-Peanut high yield cultivating method according to claim 1, which is characterized in that in crop
Corn is taken to be harvested by stages with peanut when ripe, specifically according to peanut and corn maturation time and band, under in September
Ten days and early and middle ten days in October by stages harvest peanut and corn.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201810304678.7A CN108552002A (en) | 2018-04-08 | 2018-04-08 | A kind of northeast cross region between farmland and grassland Maize-Peanut high-yield planting method |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN201810304678.7A CN108552002A (en) | 2018-04-08 | 2018-04-08 | A kind of northeast cross region between farmland and grassland Maize-Peanut high-yield planting method |
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| Publication Number | Publication Date |
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| CN108552002A true CN108552002A (en) | 2018-09-21 |
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| CN201810304678.7A Withdrawn CN108552002A (en) | 2018-04-08 | 2018-04-08 | A kind of northeast cross region between farmland and grassland Maize-Peanut high-yield planting method |
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN109511495A (en) * | 2019-01-22 | 2019-03-26 | 中国农业科学院作物科学研究所 | A kind of method made between the corn, peanut of suitable large-area applications |
-
2018
- 2018-04-08 CN CN201810304678.7A patent/CN108552002A/en not_active Withdrawn
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN109511495A (en) * | 2019-01-22 | 2019-03-26 | 中国农业科学院作物科学研究所 | A kind of method made between the corn, peanut of suitable large-area applications |
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Application publication date: 20180921 |