CN108547710A - A kind of direct-injection gas nozzle and its engine and dynamical system - Google Patents
A kind of direct-injection gas nozzle and its engine and dynamical system Download PDFInfo
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- CN108547710A CN108547710A CN201810148049.XA CN201810148049A CN108547710A CN 108547710 A CN108547710 A CN 108547710A CN 201810148049 A CN201810148049 A CN 201810148049A CN 108547710 A CN108547710 A CN 108547710A
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- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 52
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 52
- 238000005183 dynamical system Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 32
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 466
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 362
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 362
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 330
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 93
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 93
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 89
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 33
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 239000003345 natural gas Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 175
- 229910001868 water Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 175
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 claims description 173
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 107
- 239000002918 waste heat Substances 0.000 claims description 104
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 claims description 92
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical group [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 88
- 239000000498 cooling water Substances 0.000 claims description 86
- 229910012375 magnesium hydride Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 86
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 70
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 claims description 43
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- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 claims description 25
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- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- MYMOFIZGZYHOMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dioxygen Chemical compound O=O MYMOFIZGZYHOMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000010687 lubricating oil Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000009833 condensation Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 230000005494 condensation Effects 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000007769 metal material Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910001882 dioxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 claims description 8
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- 238000010943 off-gassing Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000000717 retained effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 238000005984 hydrogenation reaction Methods 0.000 claims 1
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- 229910052755 nonmetal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 238000010248 power generation Methods 0.000 claims 1
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- MWUXSHHQAYIFBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen oxide Inorganic materials O=[N] MWUXSHHQAYIFBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 66
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 48
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 24
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 12
- UXVMQQNJUSDDNG-UHFFFAOYSA-L Calcium chloride Chemical group [Cl-].[Cl-].[Ca+2] UXVMQQNJUSDDNG-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 11
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 11
- VTHJTEIRLNZDEV-UHFFFAOYSA-L magnesium dihydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[Mg+2] VTHJTEIRLNZDEV-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 10
- 239000000347 magnesium hydroxide Substances 0.000 description 10
- 229910001862 magnesium hydroxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 10
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- PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N gold Chemical compound [Au] PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000010931 gold Substances 0.000 description 2
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- 230000020169 heat generation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000395 magnesium oxide Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229960000869 magnesium oxide Drugs 0.000 description 2
- CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium oxide Inorganic materials [Mg]=O CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
- F02M21/00—Apparatus for supplying engines with non-liquid fuels, e.g. gaseous fuels stored in liquid form
- F02M21/02—Apparatus for supplying engines with non-liquid fuels, e.g. gaseous fuels stored in liquid form for gaseous fuels
- F02M21/0203—Apparatus for supplying engines with non-liquid fuels, e.g. gaseous fuels stored in liquid form for gaseous fuels characterised by the type of gaseous fuel
- F02M21/0206—Non-hydrocarbon fuels, e.g. hydrogen, ammonia or carbon monoxide
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N5/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus combined or associated with devices profiting by exhaust energy
- F01N5/02—Exhaust or silencing apparatus combined or associated with devices profiting by exhaust energy the devices using heat
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
- F02B41/00—Engines characterised by special means for improving conversion of heat or pressure energy into mechanical power
- F02B41/02—Engines with prolonged expansion
- F02B41/06—Engines with prolonged expansion in compound cylinders
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
- F02B41/00—Engines characterised by special means for improving conversion of heat or pressure energy into mechanical power
- F02B41/02—Engines with prolonged expansion
- F02B41/10—Engines with prolonged expansion in exhaust turbines
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
- F02B43/00—Engines characterised by operating on gaseous fuels; Plants including such engines
- F02B43/10—Engines or plants characterised by use of other specific gases, e.g. acetylene, oxyhydrogen
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
- F02B75/00—Other engines
- F02B75/02—Engines characterised by their cycles, e.g. six-stroke
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
- F02M21/00—Apparatus for supplying engines with non-liquid fuels, e.g. gaseous fuels stored in liquid form
- F02M21/02—Apparatus for supplying engines with non-liquid fuels, e.g. gaseous fuels stored in liquid form for gaseous fuels
- F02M21/0218—Details on the gaseous fuel supply system, e.g. tanks, valves, pipes, pumps, rails, injectors or mixers
- F02M21/0227—Means to treat or clean gaseous fuels or fuel systems, e.g. removal of tar, cracking, reforming or enriching
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
- F02M21/00—Apparatus for supplying engines with non-liquid fuels, e.g. gaseous fuels stored in liquid form
- F02M21/02—Apparatus for supplying engines with non-liquid fuels, e.g. gaseous fuels stored in liquid form for gaseous fuels
- F02M21/0218—Details on the gaseous fuel supply system, e.g. tanks, valves, pipes, pumps, rails, injectors or mixers
- F02M21/0248—Injectors
- F02M21/0251—Details of actuators therefor
- F02M21/0254—Electric actuators, e.g. solenoid or piezoelectric
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
- F02M21/00—Apparatus for supplying engines with non-liquid fuels, e.g. gaseous fuels stored in liquid form
- F02M21/02—Apparatus for supplying engines with non-liquid fuels, e.g. gaseous fuels stored in liquid form for gaseous fuels
- F02M21/0218—Details on the gaseous fuel supply system, e.g. tanks, valves, pipes, pumps, rails, injectors or mixers
- F02M21/0248—Injectors
- F02M21/0257—Details of the valve closing elements, e.g. valve seats, stems or arrangement of flow passages
- F02M21/026—Lift valves, i.e. stem operated valves
- F02M21/0263—Inwardly opening single or multi nozzle valves, e.g. needle valves
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
- F02B75/00—Other engines
- F02B75/02—Engines characterised by their cycles, e.g. six-stroke
- F02B2075/022—Engines characterised by their cycles, e.g. six-stroke having less than six strokes per cycle
- F02B2075/025—Engines characterised by their cycles, e.g. six-stroke having less than six strokes per cycle two
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
- F02B75/00—Other engines
- F02B75/02—Engines characterised by their cycles, e.g. six-stroke
- F02B2075/022—Engines characterised by their cycles, e.g. six-stroke having less than six strokes per cycle
- F02B2075/027—Engines characterised by their cycles, e.g. six-stroke having less than six strokes per cycle four
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/10—Internal combustion engine [ICE] based vehicles
- Y02T10/12—Improving ICE efficiencies
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/10—Internal combustion engine [ICE] based vehicles
- Y02T10/30—Use of alternative fuels, e.g. biofuels
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
- Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
- Output Control And Ontrol Of Special Type Engine (AREA)
Abstract
The present invention relates to a kind of direct-injection gas nozzle and its engine and dynamical system, nozzle is made of shell, collection chamber, Nozzle and gas passage, and the gas passage is communicated to Nozzle across collection chamber；The top of the gas passage is equipped with spring, and lower part is equipped with hollow plunger, and the collection chamber section tube wall of gas passage is equipped with plunger spray orifice；The collection chamber top is equipped with gas bearing on plunger, and lower part is equipped with gas bearing under plunger, and the hollow plunger is equipped with plunger limiter, and the shell of the shell is equipped with electromagnetic coil, and the plunger limiter is installed with electromagnetic coil cooperation.Gas direct-injection nozzle can be used for the direct-injection of the gases such as oxygen, hydrogen, natural gas, argon gas, can high temperature resistant, it is high pressure resistant, be not easy to be tempered, can carry out from cooling, improving the service life of hydrogen nozzle using the gas that is sprayed.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to new energy engine technical field, it is related to a kind of direct-injection gas nozzle and its engine and dynamical system
System.
Background technology
Energy shortage, environmental pollution, Global climate change enable exploitation cleaning, efficient, the safe and sustainable energy compel
The eyebrows and eyelashes, wherein Hydrogen Energy are paid attention to by more and more national.Into 21st century, prime mover industry has obtained promptly
Development, however gasoline engine and diesel engine are still the main machine of vehicular engine at present.Gasoline and diesel oil are all non-renewable
Resource influences and reduces atmosphere pollution and motor exhaust to slow down series of negative caused by the scarcity of petroleum resources
Discharge needs the substitute fuel for finding engine, and hydrogen energy source is current optimal clean fuel.With countries in the world environment
The measure of protection is increasingly stringenter, and Hydrogen Energy source vehicle is since the features such as its is energy saving, low emission is as engine research and exploitation
One emphasis, and have begun to be commercialized.
Hydrogen is as the advantages of fuel, resourceful using water as raw material；The heat released when burning is more；Combustion product is
Water, it is nontoxic, pollution-free, and can recycle, it is referred to as green energy resource.Hydrogen can be a large amount of from electrolysis water, coal gasification
It produces, and big repacking need not be carried out to engine, therefore Hydrogen Energy power has broad application prospects.It is dynamic to promote Hydrogen Energy
Power needs to solve three technical problems：First, largely producing cheap hydrogen, traditional electrolytic method is expensive, and expends other
Resource can not be promoted；Second is that the safety in transportation and storage problem of hydrogen；Third, the high-performance needed for engine, cheap hydrogen supply system.
Hydrogen energy source, which is used directly in dynamical system, simultaneously will produce the problem of a series of influence such as pinking, unstable utilize, by hydrogen and
Other multiple gases include the high-pressure air source pressurizeed after inert gas mixes, and hydrogen electric energy is fired as the replacement of new dynamical system
Material will certainly become trend.
For hydrogen internal combustion engine compared with hydrogen fuel cell, fuel cell cost is quite high, and hydrogen internal combustion engine is up for can be in conventional gasoline
It is further improved on the basis of internal combustion engine, in favor of Rapid Popularization and industrialization.
Invention content
The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of direct-injection gas nozzle and its engine and dynamical system, can be used for oxygen,
The direct-injection of the fuel gas such as hydrogen, natural gas and combustion-supporting gas, the ablation of gas direct-injection nozzle high temperature resistant are not tempered, can cool down certainly,
Solves the problems, such as the service life of current hydrogen nozzle.
The technical scheme is that：
A kind of direct-injection gas nozzle, nozzle are made of shell, collection chamber, Nozzle and gas passage, and gas passage passes through collection
Gas chamber is communicated to Nozzle；The top of gas passage is equipped with spring, and lower part is equipped with hollow plunger, the collection chamber section of gas passage
Tube wall is equipped with plunger spray orifice；The collection chamber top is equipped with gas bearing on plunger, and lower part is equipped with gas bearing under plunger, described
Hollow plunger is equipped with plunger limiter, and the shell of the shell is equipped with electromagnetic coil, the plunger limiter and electromagnetic coil
Cooperation installation.
Nozzle is used for direct-injection hydrogen, oxygen or argon gas.
A kind of direct-injection gas nozzle engine, engine are hydrogen-fuel engine, and hydrogen-fuel engine is equipped with cylinder, cylinder
Lid, crankcase, cylinder cap are equipped with spark plug, hydrogen mouth or/and oxygen jet, are additionally provided with gas vent on cylinder, hydrogen fuel starts
Machine includes two stroke hydrogen-fuel engines, four stroke hydrogen-fuel engines and small stroke high frequency engine；Two stroke hydrogen fuels are sent out
Motivation and four stroke hydrogen-fuel engines use single cylinder or multi-cylinder operational mode, small stroke high frequency engine by arbitrary cylinder number hydrogen
The tail gas expansion cylinder of gas deflagrating jar and/or arbitrary cylinder number forms, including the small stroke high frequency engine of four cylinders and the small stroke height of six cylinders
Take place frequently motivation；The hydrogen mouth of two stroke hydrogen-fuel engines be hydrogen nozzle identical with direct-injection gas nozzle structure or/and into
Stomata, the hydrogen mouths of four stroke hydrogen-fuel engines are air inlet, and the hydrogen mouth of the small stroke high frequency engine is and direct-injection
The identical hydrogen nozzle of gas nozzle structure；Two stroke hydrogen-fuel engines include cylinder, cylinder cap and crankcase, are set in cylinder head
There are spark plug, hydrogen nozzle and oxygen jet, cylinder wall to be equipped with air admission hole and gas vent；Bent axle is equipped in crankcase, in cylinder
Equipped with piston, piston is connect by connecting rod with bent axle；Four stroke hydrogen-fuel engines include cylinder and crankcase, the top of cylinder
Equipped with oxygen jet, spark plug, air inlet and gas vent, it is equipped with bent axle in crankcase, is combustion chamber in cylinder, cylinder, which is equipped with, lives
Plug, piston are connect by connecting rod with bent axle.
The small stroke high frequency engine includes cylinder, crankcase, water-bed shell, voltage-stablizer and exhaust passage, the voltage stabilizing
Device be equipped with filler, water by filler enter in voltage-stablizer with high-temperature tail gas direct contact heat transfer and be completely converted into water steam
Vapour；The exhaust outlet of each cylinder body of the small stroke high frequency engine is connected to exhaust passage, and exhaust passage is connected by voltage-stablizer
It is connected to the entrance of off-gas expander, the outside of the exhaust passage is equipped with cooling jacket；Bent axle is equipped in the crankcase, each
Piston is equipped in cylinder, piston is connect by connecting rod with bent axle；One, bent axle is connect with generator coaxle, and other end passes through level-one
Retarder is connect with off-gas expander, and the other end of off-gas expander is utilized by the waste heat from tail gas of two stage reducer and engine
Expanding machine connection in unit；The small stroke high frequency engine includes that connecting rod and crank mechanism, gear drive, hydraulic pressure pass
Dynamic, pneumatic power drive effectively exports the power that small Stroke Engine cylinder generates；Small stroke high frequency engine and waste heat from tail gas profit
With unit by forms of electricity generation output work or the output work in the form of machine driving.
Another form, the small stroke high frequency engine include cylinder, crankcase, water-bed shell and exhaust passage；It is described
At least one cylinder in front of small stroke high frequency engine is combustion of hydrogen cylinder, and the upper and lower part of combustion of hydrogen cylinder is respectively equipped with
Hydrogen nozzle and oxygen jet, the rear portion cylinder are tail gas expansion cylinder, and the upper and lower part of tail gas expansion cylinder is respectively equipped with tail
Gas blowout mouth, oxygen and water spout；It is equipped with bent axle in crankcase, piston is equipped in each cylinder, piston is connected by connecting rod and bent axle
It connects, the waste heat from tail gas of bent axle and engine is connected using the expanding machine in unit；Small stroke high frequency motor exhaust expansion cylinder
Exhaust outlet is connected to exhaust passage, and Vent passageway is connected to ternary catalyzing unit by the turbine of turbo charger unit.
The hydrogen-fuel engine has water-bed shell or traditional oil sump and lubricating oil system, small stroke high frequency engine
Recycled entirely with total oxygen gas, self-ignition, the discharge of tail gas high temperature and pressure, small stroke, high-frequency, condensation heat, self-shield, fuel height into
The advantages of to amount and Gao Kelaipu coefficients；In combustion chamber full of fuel and after lighting a fire, piston operate in top dead centre and lower dead center it
Between any position can open gas vent exhaust, the fuel input that combustion chamber is added in single acting is higher than or far above conventional combustion
Doses, the conventional fuel amount are the fuel quantity that combustion chamber is added in common two-stroke or the acting of four-stroke engine single, piston
The power for completing total travel is expanded including the use of fuel vigorous combustion or inertia motive force, hydrogen-oxygen ratio flexible modulation, hydrogen mistake
Amount or oxygen are excessive, are free of extra oxygen in exhaust when hydrogen excess, pass through hydrogen and excessively carry out chamber temperature and pressure
Adjusting；Or liquid water is added from oxygen jet, or liquid water is added in the individual water jet of setting, adjust combustion chamber temperature and
Pressure；The small Stroke Engine of high frequency refers to also being not excluded for four strokes, and piston is run using equal to or less than two strokes
The engine of gas vent exhaust is opened in any position between top dead centre and lower dead center, in protection engine parts normal operation
In the case of, using the high hydrogen fuel amount of feeding, piston also referred to as pacifies hydrogen engine, the peace hydrogen hair with high-frequency Effec-tive Function
Motivation refers to that hydrogen fuel is loaded in the form of solid hydrides, the most of the time occurs in solid form, hydrogen safe to use
The engine of fuel.
The lubrication of each running gear of hydrogen-fuel engine takes various forms or lubricating oil, lubricant, gas lubrication,
The arbitrary combination of water lubrication, the water lubrication for adding lubricant or above-mentioned diversified forms；Including following manner：It is carried in water-bed shell
Or without lubricant water under the action of bent axle to being lubricated at piston；Using closing oil lubrication time-based maintenance injection profit
Lubricating oil；Lubricant is injected using closed dielectric lubrication time-based maintenance；Piston ring using graphite material self-lubricating or it is other contain carbon materials
Material or metal material or nonmetallic materials self-lubricating；Gas lubrication or water lubrication are used between piston ring, piston and cylinder wall,
It is respectively vertically upward and vertically downward micro- that a kind of form, which is in multiple export directions that are radially arranged of piston ring or piston,
Tubule road, fine pipeline connect the gas drawn from internal piston, liquid or solid source capsule road from piston ring or piston gap；
Another form is that multiple connection gases, liquid or solid source capsule road, export direction are arranged on cylinder wall is respectively vertical
It is turned on and off upwards according to piston ring travel to control with fine pipeline vertically downward, fine pipeline；Either above-mentioned shape
The arbitrary combination of formula；The lubricant medium used between the piston ring, piston and cylinder wall for hydrogen, oxygen, water or water vapour, carry
The water or water vapour of lubricant, two kinds or two kinds of the micro mist ice pellets of with or without lubricant or above-mentioned lubricant medium with
On combination, the piston ring, piston on cylinder wall outgassing direction or be vertical ejection lubricant medium；Casing wall uses stone
The coating or insert of ink material or other carbonaceous materials or metal material or nonmetallic materials；Or each fortune of hydrogen-fuel engine
Rotation member uses conventional lubrication form, including sump lubrication and lubricating oil system, using biography between piston ring, piston and cylinder wall
System lubrication form.
When cylinder is stopped, the water of water-bed shell is retained in water-bed shell or draws outside engine；Engine air
When cylinder starts, introduces lubricant medium and enter water-bed shell；The lubricant medium of the bottom shell includes water, the water containing lubricant；Institute
The performance for stating small stroke high frequency engine is evaluated using Ke Laipu coefficients, and Ke Laipu coefficients are engine power divided by start
The quotient of machine effective volume and effective weight product；The light unit weight of a whole set of hydrogen internal combustion engine dynamical system, unit volume are small, energy
Density is high, and the storage of fuel normal pressure and normal pressure use, and hydrogen fuel is loaded in the form of solid hydrides, and the most of the time is with solid shape
Formula occurs, safety convenient；Igniter fire when engine cold, self-ignition when heat engine.
A kind of direct-injection gas nozzle engine power system, the dynamical system are equipped with hydrogen source gas, air air source, tail gas
UTILIZATION OF VESIDUAL HEAT IN unit, gas-liquid separator, hydrogen purification unit and cooling water tank；The gas vent of gas-liquid separator is equipped with gas mistake
Filter membrane；The gas vent of hydrogen purification unit is equipped with Hydrogen Separation film；The hydrogen source gas and air air source are commonly connected to hydrogen
The gas vent of gas port, the cylinder is connected to ternary catalyzing unit, ternary catalyzing unit by off-gas expander or turbo charger unit
Outlet is connected to gas-liquid separator by waste heat from tail gas using unit or condenser；The gas vent of the gas-liquid separator passes through
Hydrogen purification unit is connected to hydrogen source gas；The water out of the gas-liquid separator is connected to cooling water tank by check valve；Institute
It states cooling water tank outlet and is divided into two-way, be connected to the chuck of cylinder, the jacket outlet of cylinder by circulating cooling water pipe line all the way
By condenser or waste heat from tail gas cooling water tank is connected to using unit；Air is connected to by tail gas condensing water-circulating pipe all the way
The outlet of air source, connector are equipped with water filter membrane；Oil sump is arranged in the hydrogen-fuel engine；Waste heat from tail gas is done using unit
Work(device is coaxial or not coaxially connected with engine, makes up the problem that is short of power of engine using unit using waste heat from tail gas.
The hydrogen source gas is the insulating layer outside magnesium hydride storage tank, including tank body, tank body, and tank body is internally provided with water spray
Pipeline；The top of the tank body is equipped with pressure sensor, explosion-proof valve, hydrogen outlet, aqueous vapor entrance and temperature sensor, the tank
The lower part of body is equipped with addition outlet port, and the addition outlet port is equipped with the shut-off valve with coded lock；The tank body be metal material,
The combined material of nonmetallic materials or both of the above；The magnesium hydride storage tank is equipped with heat-conducting medium entrance, the aqueous vapor inlet tube
Equipped with heat tracing pipeline, the heat tracing line entry is equipped with water filter membrane, and the hydrogen outlet is equipped with hydrogen filtration film.
A kind of direct-injection gas nozzle engine power system include ECU, hydrogen-fuel engine, magnesium hydride storage tank, condenser,
Off-gas expander, ternary catalyzing unit, waste heat from tail gas utilize unit, hydrogen purification unit, cooling water tank, air pipe line, gas-liquid point
From device and low pressure hydrogen surge tank.Hydrogen-fuel engine is two-cycle engine, including cylinder, cylinder cap and crankcase.On cylinder cap
Equipped with spark plug and air inlet, cylinder wall is equipped with gas vent.It is equipped with bent axle in crankcase, piston is equipped in cylinder, piston is logical
Connecting rod is crossed to connect with bent axle.The hydrogen outlet of magnesium hydride storage tank is equipped with hydrogen filtration film, and the gas vent of gas-liquid separator is equipped with
Gas filtration film, hydrogen purification unit outlet are equipped with Hydrogen Separation film, and cooling water tank and gas-liquid separator are equipped with discharge outlet.Gas-liquid
The water out of separator is equipped with check valve, and gas-liquid separator and cooling water tank add mouth equipped with antifreezing agent.
The hydrogen outlet of magnesium hydride storage tank is connect with low pressure hydrogen surge tank, and the outlet of low pressure hydrogen surge tank is divided into two-way,
It is connected to the air inlet of hydrogen-fuel engine all the way；Being connected to waste heat from tail gas all the way utilizes unit, waste heat from tail gas logical using unit
It crosses heat exchange hydrogen pipeline and is connected to magnesium hydride storage tank formation cycle, give waste heat from tail gas to utilize the heat transfer in magnesium hydride storage tank
Unit provides heat source for waste heat from tail gas using unit.Air pipe line is connected to the air inlet of hydrogen-fuel engine.The exhaust of cylinder
Hole is connected to gas-liquid separator by the shell side of off-gas expander, ternary catalyzing unit and condenser.Waste heat from tail gas is logical using unit
It crosses heat exchanging pipe to be connected to the tube side of condenser cycle, waste heat from tail gas is connected using the generator of unit with external power circuit system
It connects.The gas vent of gas-liquid separator is connected to the aqueous vapor entrance of magnesium hydride storage tank, hydrogen purification list by hydrogen purification unit
The impurity gas outlet of member is connected to outer row pipeline.The water out of gas-liquid separator is connected to cooling water tank by check valve, cooling
Tank outlet is divided into three tunnels, is connected to the chuck of cylinder by circulating cooling water pipe line all the way, and the jacket outlet of cylinder, which passes through, coagulates
Vapour device is connected to cooling water tank；The aqueous vapor entrance of magnesium hydride storage tank is connected to by water filter membrane, heat traced pipeline all the way；A-road-through
It crosses tail gas condensing water-circulating pipe and is connected to air pipe line, junction is equipped with water filter membrane.
A kind of direct-injection gas nozzle engine power system includes that ECU, hydrogen-fuel engine, magnesium hydride storage tank, tail gas are swollen
Swollen machine, ternary catalyzing unit, turbo charger unit, waste heat from tail gas using unit, hydrogen purification unit, cooling water tank, air pipe line,
Gas-liquid separator and low pressure hydrogen surge tank.Turbo charger unit includes turbine, compressor and tail gas compressor, turbine,
Compressor and tail gas compressor are coaxially connected.Hydrogen-fuel engine rushes engine, including cylinder, cylinder cap and crankcase, cylinder for two
It is covered with spark plug, cylinder wall is equipped with air admission hole and gas vent.The hydrogen outlet of magnesium hydride storage tank is equipped with hydrogen filtration film, gas-liquid
The gas vent of separator is equipped with gas filtration film, and hydrogen purification unit outlet is equipped with Hydrogen Separation film, cooling water tank and gas-liquid
Separator is equipped with discharge outlet.Gas-liquid separator water out is equipped with check valve, gas-liquid separator and cooling water tank and is mended equipped with antifreezing agent
Add mouth.
The hydrogen outlet of magnesium hydride storage tank is connect with low pressure hydrogen surge tank, and the outlet of low pressure hydrogen surge tank is divided into two-way,
The tail gas compressor through turbo charger unit is connected to the air admission hole of cylinder all the way, is connected to waste heat from tail gas all the way and utilizes unit,
Waste heat from tail gas is connected to magnesium hydride storage tank by the hydrogen pipeline that exchanges heat using unit and forms cycle, by the heat in magnesium hydride storage tank
It passes to waste heat from tail gas and utilizes unit, heat source is provided using unit for waste heat from tail gas.Pressure of the air pipe line through turbo charger unit
Mechanism of qi is connected to the air admission hole of hydrogen-fuel engine.Turbine, three-element catalytic of the gas vent of cylinder by turbo charger unit
Device and waste heat from tail gas are connected to gas-liquid separator using unit.Waste heat from tail gas utilizes pipe of the unit by heat exchanging pipe and condenser
Cheng Xunhuan is connected to, and waste heat from tail gas is connect using the generator of unit with external power circuit system.The gas of gas-liquid separator goes out
Mouth is connected to the aqueous vapor entrance of magnesium hydride storage tank by hydrogen purification unit, and the impurity gas outlet of hydrogen purification unit is connected to outside
Row pipeline.The water out of gas-liquid separator is connected to cooling water tank by check valve, and cooling water tank outlet is divided into three tunnels, a-road-through
The chuck that recirculated cooling water pipeline is connected to cylinder is crossed, the jacket outlet of cylinder is connected to cooling by waste heat from tail gas using unit
Water tank；The aqueous vapor entrance of magnesium hydride storage tank is connected to by water filter membrane, heat traced pipeline all the way；It is followed all the way by tail gas condensing water
Endless tube is connected to air pipe line, and junction is equipped with water filter membrane.
A kind of direct-injection gas nozzle engine power system includes that ECU, hydrogen-fuel engine, magnesium hydride storage tank, tail gas are swollen
Swollen machine, ternary catalyzing unit, turbo charger unit, waste heat from tail gas utilize unit, hydrogen purification unit 86, cooling water tank, air hose
Road, gas-liquid separator and low pressure hydrogen surge tank.Turbo charger unit includes turbine and compressor, and turbine and compressor are same
Axis connection.Hydrogen-fuel engine is four-stroke engine, including cylinder and crankcase, and the top of cylinder body is equipped with spark plug, air inlet
Mouth and gas vent, crankcase is interior to be equipped with bent axle, is equipped with piston in cylinder, piston is connect by connecting rod with bent axle.Magnesium hydride storage tank
Hydrogen outlet be equipped with hydrogen filtration film, the gas vent of gas-liquid separator is equipped with gas filtration film, hydrogen purification unit outlet
Equipped with Hydrogen Separation film, cooling water tank and gas-liquid separator are equipped with discharge outlet.Gas-liquid separator water out is equipped with check valve, gas-liquid
Separator and cooling water tank add mouth equipped with antifreezing agent.
The hydrogen outlet of magnesium hydride storage tank is connect with low pressure hydrogen surge tank, and the outlet of low pressure hydrogen surge tank is divided into two-way,
It is connected to the turbine inlet of the turbo charger unit of air pipe line all the way, is connected to waste heat from tail gas all the way and utilizes unit, tail gas
UTILIZATION OF VESIDUAL HEAT IN unit is connected to magnesium hydride storage tank by the hydrogen pipeline that exchanges heat and forms cycle, by the heat transfer in magnesium hydride storage tank
Unit is utilized to waste heat from tail gas, heat source is provided using unit for waste heat from tail gas.Compressor of the air pipe line through turbo charger unit
It is connected to the air inlet of hydrogen-fuel engine.The gas vent of cylinder by the turbine of turbo charger unit, ternary catalyzing unit and
Waste heat from tail gas is connected to gas-liquid separator using unit.Waste heat from tail gas is connected using the generator of unit with external power circuit system
It connects.The gas vent of gas-liquid separator is connected to the aqueous vapor entrance of magnesium hydride storage tank, hydrogen purification list by hydrogen purification unit
The impurity gas outlet of member is connected to outer row pipeline.The water out of gas-liquid separator is connected to cooling water tank by check valve, cooling
Tank outlet is divided into three tunnels, is connected to the chuck of cylinder by circulating cooling water pipe line all the way, and the jacket outlet of cylinder passes through tail
Gas UTILIZATION OF VESIDUAL HEAT IN unit is connected to cooling water tank；The aqueous vapor of magnesium hydride storage tank is connected to by water filter membrane, heat traced pipeline all the way
Entrance；Air pipe line is connected to by tail gas condensing water-circulating pipe all the way, junction is equipped with water filter membrane.
The present invention can be used for the direct-injection of the fuel gas such as oxygen, hydrogen, natural gas and combustion-supporting gas, gas direct-injection nozzle
High temperature resistant ablation is not tempered, can solve the problems, such as the service life of current hydrogen nozzle from cooling.Hydrogen fuel is suitable for two punchings
Journey engine, four-stroke engine and small stroke high frequency engine, small stroke high frequency engine be four cylinders or six cylinder engine, it is small
Stroke high frequency engine has the characteristics that total oxygen gas, self-ignition, high-frequency, self-shield, the big inlet amount of fuel and small stroke.Hydrogen fires
Material engine system has effectively recycled the pressure energy of high-temperature tail gas, thermal energy, improves the utilization rate and engine of hydrogen fuel
Power per liter is significantly reduced the discharge of nitrogen oxides using dense combustion, fully recycles hydrogen unburned in tail gas, reduces combustion
The consumption of material.
Description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is hydrogen nozzle arrangements figure；
Fig. 2 is hydrogen nozzle attracting state figure；
Fig. 3 is gas bearing enlarged drawing on the plunger of hydrogen nozzle；
Fig. 4 is gas bearing enlarged drawing under the plunger of hydrogen nozzle；
Fig. 5 is the two-stroke structural schematic diagram of hydrogen-fuel engine；
Fig. 6 is four stroke structural schematic diagrams of hydrogen-fuel engine；
Fig. 7 is another two-stroke structural schematic diagram of hydrogen-fuel engine；
Fig. 8 is the small stroke high frequency engine schematic diagram of four cylinders；
Fig. 9 is small sound interval engine single cylinder schematic diagram of leaping high；
Figure 10 is the small stroke high frequency engine schematic diagram of six cylinders；
Figure 11 is the structural schematic diagram of magnesium hydride storage tank；
Figure 12 is a kind of embodiment schematic diagram of hydrogen-fuel engine dynamical system；
Figure 13 is another embodiment schematic diagram of hydrogen-fuel engine dynamical system；
Figure 14 is the another embodiment schematic diagram of hydrogen-fuel engine dynamical system.
Wherein：5-cylinders, 6-water-bed shells, 7-ternary catalyzing units, 8-waste heat from tail gas are sprayed using unit, 13-hydrogen
Mouth, 15-generators, 18-addition outlet ports, 20-springs, gas bearing under 21-plungers, gas bearing on 22-plungers,
23-hollow plungers, 24-plunger limiters, 25-gas passages, 26-Nozzles, 27-plunger spray orifices, 28-gas collections
Room, 29-electromagnetic coils, 34-oxygen jets, 35-crankcases, 36-spark plugs, 37-air admission holes, 38-air inlets, 40-
Cylinder cap, 41-gas vents, 43-pistons, 44-connecting rods, 45-bent axles, 46-combustion chambers, 58-turbo charger units, 64-whirlpools
Turbine, 70-temperature sensors, 71-pressure sensors, 72-explosion-proof valves, 73-hydrogen outlets, 77-first stage decelerators,
78-two stage reducers, 79-off-gas expanders, 88-cooling jackets, 89-exhaust passages, 107-second turbines, 110-
Shut-off valve with coded lock, 130-tail gas spouts, 131-oxygen and water spout, 132-voltage-stablizers, 133-filler,
134-water pipes, 135-tank bodies, 137-insulating layers, 138-heat-conducting medium entrances, 141-tail gas compressors.
Specific implementation mode
With reference to embodiment and attached drawing, the present invention is described in detail.The scope of the present invention is not limited to embodiment,
Those skilled in the art make any change in the range of claim limits and also belong to the scope of protection of the invention.
Embodiment 1
Gas direct-injection nozzle of the present invention is as shown in Figure 1 to 4, and hydrogen nozzle 13 is gentle by shell, collection chamber 28, Nozzle 26
Body channel 25 is constituted, and gas passage is communicated to Nozzle across collection chamber.The top of gas passage is equipped with spring 20, lower part dress
There are hollow plunger 23, the collection chamber section hollow plunger tube wall of gas passage to be equipped with plunger spray orifice 27.Collection chamber top is equipped with plunger
Upper gas bearing 22, lower part are equipped with gas bearing 21 under plunger, and hollow plunger is equipped with plunger limiter 24, is set on the shell of shell
There are electromagnetic coil 29, plunger limiter to be installed with electromagnetic coil cooperation.It to the actuation of plunger limiter and is put by electromagnetic coil
It opens, hollow plunger is made to move up and down, realize the open and close control to Nozzle 26.34 structure phase of hydrogen nozzle 13 and oxygen jet
Together, it repeats no more.
Fig. 1 is 23 closed state of hollow plunger, and Fig. 2 is 23 open state of hollow plunger.It is closed when hollow plunger 23 is in
When state, the hydrogen of high pressure 4MPa and the oxygen of 2MPa are entered by gas passage 25 inside hollow plunger 23, the gas under plunger
The position of gas bearing 22 on body bearing 21 and plunger is sprayed outward from plunger spray orifice 27, and 21 He of gas bearing under plunger
Gas bearing 22 and the gap of hollow plunger 23 flow downward into collection chamber 28 on plunger.It is sprayed outward from plunger spray orifice 27
On the one hand hydrogen or oxygen play the role of lubricating bearing, on the other hand can prevent its overtemperature with cooling hollow plunger, reach simultaneously
Having arrived the conveying function of gas makes collection chamber 28 keep enough injection pressure.When hollow plunger 23 is in open state, collection
High pressure hydrogen or oxygen in gas chamber 28 are injected directly into 5 work by combustion of hydrogen-fuel engine cylinder.When electromagnetic coil 29 is logical
Limiter is attracted rising, hollow plunger 23 to open by magnetic force when electric, and when electromagnetic coil 29 powers off, hollow plunger 23 is by spring 20
It compresses downwards and closes.The opening and closing state of hollow plunger 23, the pulsewidth of opening and closing are by hydrogen-fuel engine automatic control system
System is controlled by electromagnetic coil 29, and hydrogen nozzle 13 is identical with 34 operation principle of oxygen jet.Hydrogen nozzle can be used for oxygen,
The direct-injection of the gases such as hydrogen, natural gas, argon gas, can high temperature resistant, it is high pressure resistant, be not easy to be tempered, sprayed gas can be utilized
It carries out, from cooling, improving the service life of hydrogen nozzle.
As shown in figure 5, hydrogen-fuel engine is two-cycle engine, including cylinder 5, cylinder cap 40, crankcase 35 and the bottom
Shell 6.Cylinder cap is equipped with spark plug 36, hydrogen nozzle 13 and oxygen jet 34, and cylinder wall is equipped with gas vent 41.It is set in crankcase
There is bent axle 45, is equipped with piston 43 in cylinder, piston is connect by connecting rod 44 with bent axle.The crankcase of inferior part of the cylinder block is equipped with water-bed shell
6。
The method of operation of the pure hydrogen burning internal combustion engine moving Force system of oxygen direct-injection of the present invention is：The hydrogen of 4MPa, passes through hydrogen
Nozzle direct-injection enters in hydrogen-fuel engine cylinder.2MPa high pressure oxygens spray into hydrogen-fuel engine cylinder by oxygen jet
It is interior.Hydrogen generates 1800 DEG C of high temperature with the dense combustion of pure oxygen in hydrogen-fuel engine cylinder（Hydrogen excessive 25%）Piston acting is pushed,
Under reducing atmosphere oxygen reacted with nitrogen generate nitrogen oxides conversion ratio it is very low, nitrogen oxide in tail gas content 20PPm or less.
Hydrogen-fuel engine cylinder uses two-stroke operational mode.The high-temperature tail gas with certain pressure of cylinder discharge is logical
Cross off-gas expander continue acting decompression cooling after, enter back into ternary catalyzing unit.It is unreacted in tail gas in ternary catalyzing unit
A small amount of oxygen occurs oxidation chemistry with unburned excess hydrogen and reacts（Oxygen concentration is not up to explosion limit）, carry to a certain degree
High exhaust temperature；Reduction reaction occurs in ternary catalyzing unit for the micro NOx in tail gas simultaneously, and NOx is reduced into N2.Start
When machine cylinder starts, water is added by water supply pipe water supply bottom case, cooling simultaneously lubricates connecting rod, crankshaft and piston, when engine works, gas
The minimum gas of exudation is condensable in cylinder gets off, and fixed gas purification, condensed water is sent to cyclic water tank, and cylinder is stopped
When, the water of water-bed shell is drawn outside engine, prevents winter from freezing plugging.
A whole set of hydrogen internal combustion engine dynamical system sucks ambient air, normal temperature and pressure nitrogen, impurity gas is discharged, in impurity gas
There are nitrogen, argon gas, a small amount of oxygen, nitrogen oxides and a small amount of lubricator gas（If other lubricants are added）.Oxygen and hydrogen
Work by combustion, high-temperature tail gas utilize overbottom pressure through off-gas expander, and waste heat condensation is utilized through condenser.A whole set of hydrogen internal combustion engine dynamical system
The light unit weight of system, unit volume are small, and energy density is high, and fuel can normal pressure storage and normal pressure use, safety convenient.
The lubrication of each running gear of hydrogen-fuel engine takes various forms, as lubricating oil, lubricant, gas lubrication,
The arbitrary combination of water lubrication, the water lubrication for adding lubricant or above-mentioned diversified forms.Including but not limited to following manner：It is water-bed
In shell the water of with or without lubricant under the action of bent axle to being lubricated at piston；It is regular that closing oil lubrication can be used
Maintenance injection lubricating oil；Lubricant medium is injected using closed dielectric lubrication time-based maintenance；Water lubrication can also be used or be added to profit
The water of lubrication prescription is lubricated；Piston ring is using graphite material self-lubricating or other carbonaceous materials or metal material or nonmetallic materials
Self-lubricating；Casing wall is using graphite material or the coating or insert of other carbonaceous materials or metal material or nonmetallic materials.It adopts
When with water lubrication, machine oil participation is avoided during hydrogen-fuel engine oxyhydrogen combustion, does not have VOC emission in tail gas.In piston
It is the radially setting in piston ring or piston that gas lubrication or water lubrication, a kind of form are used between ring, piston and cylinder wall
Multiple export directions are respectively fine pipeline vertically upward and vertically downward, and fine pipeline connects from piston ring or piston gap
Connect the gas drawn from internal piston, liquid or solid source capsule road；Another form is that multiple connection gas are arranged on cylinder wall
Body, liquid or solid source capsule road, export direction be respectively fine pipeline vertically upward and vertically downward, fine pipeline according to
Piston ring travel is turned on and off to control；The either arbitrary combination of above-mentioned form；The piston ring, piston and cylinder wall it
Between the lubricant medium that uses for hydrogen, oxygen, water or water vapour, the water with lubricant or water vapour, with or without lubricant
Micro mist ice pellets or above-mentioned lubricant medium two or more combination, going out on the piston ring, piston and cylinder wall
Mouth direction may be vertical ejection lubricant medium.Above-mentioned self-lubricating, water lubrication, hydrogen direct-injection can also be used in real work
The complex form of a variety of lubrications such as lubrication.Conventional lubrication form, including oil can also be used in each running gear of hydrogen-fuel engine
Bottom case lubricates and lubricating oil system, and conventional lubrication form is also used between piston ring, piston and cylinder wall, but environmentally friendly index is low,
It is more that pollutant is discharged.
The light unit weight of a whole set of hydrogen internal combustion engine dynamical system, unit volume are small, and energy density is high, and fuel can normal pressure storage
It is used with normal pressure, safety convenient.
Embodiment 2
A further embodiment of this invention is as shown in fig. 7, hydrogen-fuel engine rushes engine, including cylinder 5, cylinder cap 40, song for two
Axle box 35 and water-bed shell 6, cylinder cap are equipped with oxygen jet 34 and spark plug 36, and cylinder wall is equipped with air admission hole 37 and gas vent 41.It is bent
It is equipped with bent axle 45 in axle box, is equipped with piston 43 in cylinder, piston is connect by connecting rod 44 with bent axle.The structure of oxygen jet 34 with
The gas direct-injection nozzle arrangements of embodiment 1 are identical.
The method of operation of the pure hydrogen burning internal combustion engine moving Force system of oxygen direct-injection of the present invention is：The hydrogen of 4MPa passes through air admission hole
Into in hydrogen-fuel engine cylinder, contacts and light with oxygen by piston compression.2MPa high pressure oxygens, are sprayed by oxygen jet
Enter in hydrogen-fuel engine cylinder.Hydrogen generates 1900 DEG C of high temperature with the dense combustion of pure oxygen in hydrogen-fuel engine cylinder（Hydrogen mistake
Amount 20%）Push piston acting, under reducing atmosphere oxygen reacted with nitrogen generation nitrogen oxides conversion ratio it is very low, nitrogen in tail gas
Oxide content 25PPm or less.
A whole set of hydrogen internal combustion engine dynamical system sucks ambient air, normal temperature and pressure nitrogen, impurity gas is discharged, in impurity gas
There are nitrogen, argon gas, a small amount of oxygen, nitrogen oxides and a small amount of lubricator gas（If other lubricants are added）.Oxygen with
Combustion of hydrogen does work, and high-temperature tail gas water vapour utilizes overbottom pressure through turbo charger unit.
The lubrication of each running gear of hydrogen-fuel engine is same as Example 1.It is filled in crankcase as water-bed shell
The condensed condensed water of motor exhaust, cooling bent axle, connecting rod and piston.The Unit Weight of a whole set of hydrogen internal combustion engine dynamical system,
Unit volume is small, and energy density is high, and fuel can normal pressure storage and normal pressure use, safety convenient.Available point when engine is cold
Firearm is lighted a fire, and when heat engine can self-ignition.
Embodiment 3
Third embodiment of the invention is as shown in fig. 6, it includes cylinder 5,6 and of water-bed shell that hydrogen-fuel engine, which is four-stroke engine,
The top of crankcase 35, cylinder body is equipped with oxygen jet 34, spark plug 36, air inlet 38 and gas vent 41, is equipped in crankcase 35
Bent axle 45, interior cylinder body is combustion chamber 46, is equipped with piston 43 in cylinder, piston is connect by connecting rod 44 with bent axle 45.Hydrogen fuel is sent out
6 lower part outlet of water-bed shell of motivation is connected to purifier units, and liquid outlet is connected to cyclic water tank, and cyclic water tank passes through water supply pipe
It is connected to water-bed shell 6 with triple valve.The structure of oxygen jet 34 is identical as the gas direct-injection nozzle arrangements of embodiment 1.
The method of operation of the pure hydrogen burning internal combustion engine moving Force system of oxygen direct-injection of the present invention is：2MPa high pressure oxygens, pass through oxygen
Gas jets spray into hydrogen-fuel engine cylinder.Oxygen containing nitrogen amount 1.5%, in hydrogen-fuel engine cylinder hydrogen with it is pure
The dense combustion of oxygen generates 1700 DEG C of high temperature（Hydrogen excessive 35%）Piston is pushed to do work, oxygen is reacted with nitrogen under reducing atmosphere generates nitrogen
The conversion ratio of oxide is very low, nitrogen oxide in tail gas content 15PPm or less.
Hydrogen-fuel engine cylinder uses four stroke turbocharging operational modes, passes through turbine using the tail gas overbottom pressure of discharge
Compress cell drops to 650 DEG C to oxygen pressing, exhaust temperature by 850 DEG C, and oxygen pressure increases to 0.5MPa by 0.13MPa, fills
Divide and increase oxygen pressure using tail gas energy, improves engine efficiency.Unreacted a small amount of oxygen in the tail gas of cylinder discharge
Oxidation chemistry occurs in ternary catalyzing unit with unburned excess hydrogen to react（Oxygen concentration is not up to explosion limit）, centainly
Degree improves exhaust temperature.It is connected to the chuck of cylinder by recirculated cooling water pipeline, is used for the cooling of engine and cylinder；
Tail gas condensing water-circulating pipe is connected to the oxygen intake of turbo charger unit, it may be necessary to add the dense of condensed water dilution oxygen
Degree, prevents cylinder pure oxygen, pure hydrogen burning overtemperature；It is connect with water-bed shell by water supply pipe, cylinder normal work
When, water is added by water supply pipe water supply bottom case, cools down connecting rod, crankshaft and piston, when cylinder is stopped, the water of water-bed shell
It draws outside engine, prevents winter from freezing plugging.
A whole set of hydrogen internal combustion engine dynamical system sucks ambient air, normal temperature and pressure nitrogen, impurity gas is discharged, in impurity gas
There are nitrogen, argon gas, a small amount of oxygen, nitrogen oxides and a small amount of lubricator gas（If other lubricants are added）.Oxygen with
Combustion of hydrogen does work, and high-temperature tail gas water vapour utilizes the unit weight of overbottom pressure the whole series hydrogen internal combustion engine dynamical system through turbo charger unit
Amount is light, unit volume is small, and energy density is high, fuel can normal pressure storage and normal pressure use, safety convenient.Engine can when being cold
With igniter fire, when heat engine, can self-ignition.
The lubrication of each running gear of hydrogen-fuel engine is same as Example 1.It is filled in crankcase as water-bed shell
The condensed condensed water of motor exhaust, cooling bent axle, connecting rod and piston.
Embodiment 4
4th kind of embodiment of the invention is including cylinder 5, bent as shown in figure 8, hydrogen-fuel engine is small stroke high frequency engine
Axle box, water-bed shell 6, voltage-stablizer 132 and exhaust passage 89, voltage-stablizer are equipped with filler 133, and water enters voltage stabilizing by filler
In device with high-temperature tail gas direct contact heat transfer and be completely converted into water vapour.The exhaust outlet of 4 cylinder bodies of small stroke high frequency engine
It is connected to exhaust passage, exhaust passage 89 is connected to the entrance of off-gas expander by voltage-stablizer 132, and the outside of exhaust passage is set
There is cooling jacket 88.It is equipped with bent axle 45 in crankcase, piston 43 is equipped in each cylinder, piston is connected by connecting rod 44 and bent axle
It connects, one, bent axle is connect with generator coaxle, and other end is connect by first stage decelerator 77 with off-gas expander 79, tail gas expansion
The other end of machine is connect by two stage reducer 78 with the expanding machine separately set.Wherein, off-gas expander 79 is suitable for pressure in Fig. 8
The high situation of small temperature.If changing off-gas expander 79 into steam turbine, allow, to 89 the inside of exhaust passage plus water, to reduce
The temperature of steam, but improve the pressure of steam.6 lower part outlet of water-bed shell of hydrogen-fuel engine is connected to hydrogen purification list
Member, liquid outlet are connected to cyclic water tank, and cyclic water tank is connected to water-bed shell 6 by water supply pipe.
The present embodiment hydrogen-fuel engine uses small stroke high frequency engine.As shown in figure 9, small stroke high frequency engine
Cylinder is separated into independent two parts, two parts up and down of cylinder up and down by piston and is equipped with independent hydrogen nozzle 13, oxygen
Nozzle 34, exhaust outlet and initial igniter.The gas direct-injection nozzle of the structure of oxygen jet 34 and hydrogen nozzle 13 and embodiment 1
Structure is identical.In motion process of the piston from cylinder top dead centre to lower dead center, the upper part of cylinder first sprays into hydrogen fuel and oxygen
Then work by combustion is exhausted；In motion process of the piston from cylinder lower dead center to top dead centre, the lower part of cylinder is equally first
Hydrogen fuel and oxygen combustion acting are sprayed into, is then exhausted.Part fuel inlet and the unlatching of oxygen inlet can be pacified on cylinder
Come piston reach cylinder top dead centre it is front and back, on cylinder the unlatching of part exhaust outlet can be arranged in piston from cylinder top dead centre to
Any position in the operational process of lower dead center；The fuel inlet of cylinder lower part and the unlatching of oxygen inlet are arranged in piston and reach gas
Cylinder lower dead center it is front and back, the unlatching of cylinder lower part exhaust outlet is arranged in piston in from cylinder lower dead center to top dead centre operational process
Any position.The exhaust of high temperature and pressure is sent to off-gas expander and continues to do work.
Small stroke high frequency engine has total oxygen gas, self-ignition, the discharge of tail gas high temperature and pressure, small stroke, high-frequency, condensation
The advantages that hot full recycling, self-shield, fuel high-feed, Gao Kelaipu coefficients.The performance of small stroke high frequency engine uses Ke
Carry out Pu coefficient to be evaluated, Ke Laipu coefficients are the quotient of engine power divided by engine effective volume and effective weight product.
The method of operation of the pure hydrogen burning internal combustion engine moving Force system of oxygen direct-injection of the present invention is：The hydrogen of 4MPa, passes through hydrogen
Nozzle direct-injection enters in hydrogen-fuel engine cylinder.2MPa high pressure oxygens spray into hydrogen-fuel engine cylinder by oxygen jet
It is interior.Hydrogen generates 1800 DEG C of high temperature with the dense combustion of pure oxygen in hydrogen-fuel engine cylinder（Hydrogen excessive 25%）Piston acting is pushed,
Under reducing atmosphere oxygen reacted with nitrogen generate nitrogen oxides conversion ratio it is very low, nitrogen oxide in tail gas content 20PPm.
Hydrogen-fuel engine is small stroke high frequency engine, can be horizontally arranged or horizontal placement.In the tail of cylinder discharge
Unreacted a small amount of oxygen occurs oxidation chemistry in ternary catalyzing unit with unburned excess hydrogen and reacts in gas（Oxygen concentration
Not up to explosion limit）, exhaust temperature is improved to a certain degree.Waste heat from tail gas is supplied to waste heat from tail gas to utilize unit, more than tail gas
Heat utilization unit meets the electricity needs of pressure swing adsorption oxygen using exhaust waste heat generation or charges a battery.By tail gas
UTILIZATION OF VESIDUAL HEAT IN unit utilize after low temperature exhaust gas main component be：The condensed condensed water of argon gas, water vapour, excess hydrogen and micro-
The nitrogen oxides of amount, for tail gas after gas-liquid separator separates, condensed water passes through check valve（It prevents from flowing backwards）Into cooling water tank,
Heat is recycled as cylinder cooling medium cooling cylinder simultaneously.Gas-liquid separator and cooling water tank are added mouth by antifreezing agent and are added
Antifreezing agent calcium chloride forms 5% calcium chloride water, can be resistant to subzero 40 DEG C of low temperature in winter and not freeze.
A whole set of hydrogen internal combustion engine dynamical system sucks ambient air, normal temperature and pressure nitrogen, impurity gas is discharged, in impurity gas
There are nitrogen, argon gas, a small amount of oxygen, nitrogen oxides and a small amount of lubricator gas（If other lubricants are added）.
The lubrication of each running gear of hydrogen-fuel engine is same as Example 1.It is filled in crankcase as water-bed shell
The condensed condensed water of motor exhaust, cooling bent axle, connecting rod and piston.The Unit Weight of a whole set of hydrogen internal combustion engine dynamical system
Gently, unit volume is small, and energy density is high, and fuel can normal pressure storage and normal pressure use, safety convenient.Engine can be used when being cold
Igniter fire, when heat engine, can self-ignitions.
Embodiment 5
5th kind of embodiment of the invention is as shown in Figure 10, and hydrogen-fuel engine is the small stroke high frequency engine of six cylinders, can be with water
Placing flat or horizontal placement, including cylinder 5, crankcase, water-bed shell 6 and exhaust passage 89.The small stroke high frequency engine of six cylinders
The first two cylinder is combustion of hydrogen cylinder, and the upper and lower part of combustion of hydrogen cylinder is respectively equipped with hydrogen nozzle 13 and oxygen jet 34；Afterwards
Four cylinders are tail gas expansion cylinder, and the upper and lower part of tail gas expansion cylinder is respectively equipped with tail gas spout 130, oxygen and water spout 131.
The gas direct-injection nozzle arrangements phase of hydrogen nozzle 13, oxygen jet 34 and the structure of oxygen and water spout 131 and embodiment 1
Together.It is equipped with bent axle 45 in crankcase, is equipped with piston 43 in each cylinder, piston is connect by connecting rod 44 with bent axle, one, bent axle
It is connect with generator coaxle, other end is connect with waste heat from tail gas using the expanding machine of unit 8 by retarder.Combustion of hydrogen cylinder is arranged
The tail gas of the high temperature and pressure gone out, which is entered by engine manifold in tail gas expansion cylinder, expands against piston acting.Tail gas expansion cylinder cylinder
Independent two parts, two parts up and down of cylinder up and down are equally separated by piston and are equipped with independent inlet exhaust gas and exhaust
Mouthful.When piston reaches cylinder top dead centre, the inlet exhaust gas of part is opened on cylinder, high temperature and pressure tail gas, oxygen and liquid water into
Enter cylinder and push descent of piston acting, while the inlet exhaust gas of cylinder lower part is closed, Exhaust Open carries out lower exhaust；
When piston reaches cylinder lower dead center, the inlet exhaust gas of cylinder lower part is opened, and high temperature and pressure tail gas, oxygen and liquid water enter gas
Cylinder pushes piston stroking upward acting, while the inlet exhaust gas of part is closed on cylinder, and Exhaust Open carries out top exhaust.5MPa
After oxygen, 10MPa hydrogen enter combustion of hydrogen cylinder, due to the original temperature of cylinder, hydrogen is made to reach ignition point acting.In piston
When acting, piston can select to be vented in the intermediate any position of top dead centre and lower dead center, due to prerelease, at this moment be added
Hydrogen fuel rise to first wife than 30%-800%.When acting, when piston only proceeds to the 25% of total travel, air bleeding valve is beaten
It opens, temperature rapidly enters tail gas expansion cylinder in 2000 DEG C -2500 DEG C of tail gas.Corresponding another combustion of hydrogen cylinder also with
It is identical, be exhausted at 1/4 stroke of top dead centre and lower dead center such as after acting, at this moment fuel can be more than Standard entertion amount
100%, if oxygen hydrogen ratio is 1:2.2-1:It is adjusted between 2.4.Since fuel increase makes the piston speed of service increase, acting
Combustion of hydrogen cylinder is in the condition of high temperature afterwards, and and then next cycle oxygen and hydrogen be added rapidly reduces the temperature in cylinder
Degree, this self-shield measure can prevent parts from damaging.In the case of as long as energy effective protection parts are not impaired, it is not added with as far as possible
Enter water, also not excess hydrogen as far as possible.Temperature enters tail gas expansion cylinder in the tail gas of 2000 DEG C, 2MPa in combustion of hydrogen cylinder, this
When tail gas in main component be water vapour, hydrogen and a small amount of unreacting oxygen, into tail gas expansion cylinder after liquid with addition
The oxygen combustion of state water and the equivalent of addition does work, and extra hydrogen after-flame is done work, when piston completes the 4/5 of total travel,
Exhaust valve open, tail gas drop to 1MPa, 800 DEG C enter exhaust passage.
The exhaust outlet of 4 tail gas expansion cylinders of small stroke high frequency engine is connected to exhaust passage 89, and exhaust passage 89 exports
It is connected to ternary catalyzing unit 7 by the turbine 64 of turbo charger unit 58.It is connected to turbine by tail gas condensing water-circulating pipe
The oxygen intake of compress cell, connector are equipped with water filter membrane.6 lower part outlet of water-bed shell of hydrogen-fuel engine is connected to hydrogen
Purifier units, liquid outlet are connected to cyclic water tank, and cyclic water tank is connected to water-bed shell 6 by water supply pipe.Small stroke height takes place frequently
There is motivation total oxygen gas, self-ignition, the discharge of tail gas high temperature and pressure, small stroke, high-frequency, condensation heat to recycle entirely, self-shield, fuel
The advantages that high-feed, Gao Kelaipu coefficients.The performance of small stroke high frequency engine is evaluated using Ke Laipu coefficients, Ke Lai
Pu coefficient is the quotient of engine power divided by engine effective volume and effective weight product.A whole set of hydrogen internal combustion engine dynamical system
Light unit weight, unit volume are small, and energy density is high, and fuel can normal pressure storage and normal pressure use, safety convenient.Engine is cold
Igniter fire can be used when machine, when heat engine can self-ignition.The lubrication of each running gear of hydrogen-fuel engine and 1 phase of embodiment
Together.
Embodiment 6
The schematic diagram of the hydrogen-fuel engine dynamical system of the present invention is as is illustrated by figs. 11 and 12.The dynamical system is equipped with hydrogen
Air source, air air source, waste heat from tail gas utilize unit, gas-liquid separator, hydrogen purification unit 86 and cooling water tank 30.
Magnesium hydride storage tank as shown in figure 11 is made of the insulating layer 137 outside tank body 135, tank body, and the inside of tank body is set
There is water pipe 134.The lower part of tank body is equipped with pressure sensor 71, explosion-proof valve 72, hydrogen outlet 73, aqueous vapor entrance and temperature and passes
Sensor 72.The lower part of tank body is equipped with addition outlet port 18, and addition outlet port is equipped with the shut-off valve 110 with coded lock, for extracting out
All substances based on magnesium hydroxide in used magnesium hydride storage tank and add fresh magnesium hydride.Tank body 135 is gold
The combined material of category material, nonmetallic materials or both of the above.Magnesium hydride storage tank is equipped with heat-conducting medium entrance 138, aqueous vapor entrance
Pipe is equipped with heat tracing pipeline 105, and heat tracing line entry is equipped with water filter membrane 33, and hydrogen outlet 73 is equipped with hydrogen filtration film 2.
Hydrogen-fuel engine dynamical system as shown in figure 12, including it is ECU, hydrogen-fuel engine, magnesium hydride storage tank 1, solidifying
Vapour device 99, off-gas expander 79, ternary catalyzing unit 7, waste heat from tail gas using unit 8, hydrogen purification unit 86, cooling water tank 30,
Air pipe line, gas-liquid separator 9 and low pressure hydrogen surge tank 56.Hydrogen-fuel engine is two-cycle engine, including cylinder 5,
Cylinder cap and crankcase.Cylinder cap is equipped with spark plug 36 and air inlet 38, and cylinder wall is equipped with gas vent.Song is equipped in crankcase
Axis, cylinder is interior to be equipped with piston, and piston is connect by connecting rod with bent axle.The hydrogen outlet of magnesium hydride storage tank is equipped with hydrogen filtration film 2,
The gas vent of gas-liquid separator is equipped with gas filtration film 10, and hydrogen purification unit outlet is equipped with Hydrogen Separation film 100, cooling water
Case 30 and gas-liquid separator 9 are equipped with discharge outlet 129.The water out of gas-liquid separator is equipped with check valve 39, gas-liquid separator 9 and cold
But water tank 30 adds mouth 32 equipped with antifreezing agent.
The hydrogen outlet of magnesium hydride storage tank 1 is connect with low pressure hydrogen surge tank 56, and the outlet of low pressure hydrogen surge tank is divided into two
Road is connected to the air inlet 38 of hydrogen-fuel engine all the way；Being connected to waste heat from tail gas all the way utilizes unit, waste heat from tail gas to utilize list
Member is connected to magnesium hydride storage tank by the hydrogen pipeline that exchanges heat and forms cycle, by the heat transfer in magnesium hydride storage tank to waste heat from tail gas
Using unit, heat source is provided using unit for waste heat from tail gas.Air pipe line is connected to the air inlet 38 of hydrogen-fuel engine.Cylinder
Gas vent gas-liquid separator 9 is connected to by the shell side of off-gas expander 79, ternary catalyzing unit 7 and condenser 99.More than tail gas
Heat utilization unit is connected to by heat exchanging pipe with the tube side of condenser cycle, and waste heat from tail gas utilizes the generator and external electrical of unit
Force system circuit connects.The aqueous vapor that the gas vent of gas-liquid separator is connected to magnesium hydride storage tank by hydrogen purification unit 86 enters
Mouthful, the impurity gas outlet of hydrogen purification unit is connected to outer row pipeline.The water out of gas-liquid separator is connected by check valve 39
To cooling water tank 30, cooling water tank outlet is divided into three tunnels, is connected to the chuck of cylinder, gas by circulating cooling water pipe line 31 all the way
The jacket outlet of cylinder is connected to cooling water tank 30 by condenser 99；It is connected to all the way by water filter membrane 33, heat traced pipeline 105
The aqueous vapor entrance of magnesium hydride storage tank；Air pipe line is connected to by tail gas condensing water-circulating pipe 19 all the way, junction is equipped with water mistake
Filter membrane 33.
The course of work of hydrogen-fuel engine dynamical system of the present invention is：Hydrogen-fuel engine fuel hydrogen source magnesium hydride
Storage tank, magnesium hydride is reacted with water generates magnesium hydroxide and hydrogen：MgH2 + 2H2O = Mg（OH）2 +2 H2, react at 75 DEG C often
Pressure carries out, and the hydrogen storage of generation comes out 0.15MPa -0.3MPa in low pressure hydrogen surge tank, from low pressure hydrogen surge tank
Hydrogen, by air inlet 38 enter hydrogen-fuel engine cylinder in.There are hydrogen, a small amount of water vapour, gold in magnesium hydride storage tank
Belong to magnesium hydride and magnesium hydroxide powder, hydrogen filtration film is set in hydrogen outlet, hydrogen filtration film is only allowed hydrogen to pass through, do not allowed
Perhaps other gases and substance pass through.Air is entered by air inlet 38 in hydrogen-fuel engine cylinder after dust separation,
Hydrogen generates 1450 DEG C of high temperature with the dense combustion of air in hydrogen-fuel engine cylinder（Hydrogen excessive 10%）Push piston acting, reduction
Under atmosphere oxygen reacted with nitrogen generate nitrogen oxides conversion ratio it is very low, nitrogen oxide in tail gas content 25PPm or less.
The main method for controlling generation and the discharge of nitrogen oxides is to use the dense combustion of hydrogen, makes burning under reducing atmosphere
It carries out, only micro NO_x formation, tail gas main component is water vapour, nitrogen and unburned excess hydrogen.Hydrogen fires
Expect that the operating temperature of engine can be controlled by changing fuel input, tail gas evacuation time, empty hydrogen ratio.
Hydrogen-fuel engine cylinder uses two-stroke operational mode.The high-temperature tail gas with certain pressure of cylinder discharge is logical
Cross off-gas expander 79 continue acting decompression cooling after, enter back into ternary catalyzing unit.In ternary catalyzing unit, unreacted in tail gas
A small amount of oxygen and unburned excess hydrogen oxidation chemistry occur react, improve exhaust temperature to a certain degree；Tail gas simultaneously
In micro NOx reduction reaction occurs in ternary catalyzing unit, NOx is reduced into N2.Through the purified tail gas of ternary catalyzing unit
It is sent to condenser, exchanges heat in condenser and all condenses out the water vapour in tail gas, while tail gas is largely aobvious
Heat and most of condensation heat supply waste heat from tail gas are used using unit, are sent out using waste heat and condensation heat using unit by waste heat from tail gas
Electricity.Gas-liquid separator 9 is sent to by the tail gas and condensed water of condenser 99 to be detached, the condensed water after separation passes through check valve
（It prevents from flowing backwards）Into cooling water tank 30；Gas after separation passes through 86 purifying hydrogen of hydrogen of hydrogen purification unit, and hydrogen goes out through hydrogen
Mouth arrives the aqueous vapor entrance of magnesium hydride storage tank 1, and impurity gas outside outer row pipeline through arranging.Gas-liquid separator and cooling water tank pass through antifreezing agent
It adds mouth and calcium chloride is added, form 4% calcium chloride water, subzero 40 DEG C of low temperature can be resistant in winter and do not frozen.It is cooling
Tank outlet is divided into three tunnels, is used for the cooling of engine and cylinder all the way；Calcium chloride is filtered out by water filter membrane all the way, is entered
Magnesium hydride storage tank is used as the hydration reaction raw material of metal hydride magnesium；Air pipe line is arrived all the way, it may be necessary to addition condensation
Water prevents the pure hydrogen burning overtemperature of cylinder；Oil sump is arranged in the hydrogen-fuel engine；Waste heat from tail gas is swollen using unit
Swollen machine is coaxial or not coaxially connected with engine, makes up the problem that is short of power of engine using unit using waste heat from tail gas.
Embodiment 7
The present invention hydrogen-fuel engine dynamical system another embodiment it is as shown in figure 13, including ECU, hydrogen-fuel engine,
Magnesium hydride storage tank 1, off-gas expander 79, ternary catalyzing unit 7, turbo charger unit 58, waste heat from tail gas are carried using unit 8, hydrogen
Pure unit 86, cooling water tank 30, air pipe line, gas-liquid separator 9 and low pressure hydrogen surge tank 56.Turbo charger unit 58 includes
Turbine 64, compressor 63 and tail gas compressor 141, turbine 64, compressor 63 and tail gas compressor 141 are coaxially connected.Hydrogen
Engine fuel rushes engine, including cylinder, cylinder cap and crankcase for two, and cylinder cap is equipped with spark plug 36, and cylinder wall is equipped with air inlet
Hole 37 and gas vent.The hydrogen outlet of magnesium hydride storage tank is equipped with hydrogen filtration film 2, and the gas vent of gas-liquid separator is equipped with gas
Filter membrane 10, hydrogen purification unit outlet are equipped with Hydrogen Separation film 100, and cooling water tank 30 and gas-liquid separator 9 are equipped with discharge outlet
129.Gas-liquid separator water out is equipped with check valve 39, and gas-liquid separator 9 and cooling water tank 30 add mouth 32 equipped with antifreezing agent.
The hydrogen outlet of magnesium hydride storage tank 1 is connect with low pressure hydrogen surge tank 56, and the outlet of low pressure hydrogen surge tank is divided into two
Road, all the way the tail gas compressor 141 through turbo charger unit 58 be connected to the air admission hole 37 of cylinder, be connected to waste heat from tail gas all the way
Using unit, waste heat from tail gas is connected to magnesium hydride storage tank by the hydrogen pipeline that exchanges heat using unit and forms cycle, and magnesium hydride is stored up
Heat transfer in tank utilizes unit to waste heat from tail gas, and heat source is provided using unit for waste heat from tail gas.Air pipe line increases through turbine
The compressor 63 of pressure unit 58 is connected to the air admission hole 37 of hydrogen-fuel engine.The gas vent of cylinder passes through turbo charger unit 58
Turbine 64, ternary catalyzing unit 7 and waste heat from tail gas be connected to gas-liquid separator 9 using unit 8.Waste heat from tail gas is logical using unit
It crosses heat exchanging pipe to be connected to the tube side of condenser cycle, waste heat from tail gas is connected using the generator of unit with external power circuit system
It connects.The gas vent of gas-liquid separator is connected to the aqueous vapor entrance of magnesium hydride storage tank, hydrogen purification by hydrogen purification unit 86
The impurity gas outlet of unit is connected to outer row pipeline.The water out of gas-liquid separator is connected to cooling water tank by check valve 39
30, cooling water tank outlet is divided into three tunnels, is connected to the chuck of cylinder by circulating cooling water pipe line 31 all the way, the chuck of cylinder goes out
Mouth is connected to cooling water tank 30 by waste heat from tail gas using unit 8；It is connected to all the way by water filter membrane 33, heat traced pipeline 105
The aqueous vapor entrance of magnesium hydride storage tank；Air pipe line is connected to by tail gas condensing water-circulating pipe 19 all the way, junction is equipped with water mistake
Filter membrane 33.
The course of work of hydrogen-fuel engine dynamical system of the present invention is：Hydrogen-fuel engine fuel hydrogen source hydrogenates
Magnesium storage tank, magnesium hydride is reacted with water generates magnesium hydroxide and hydrogen：MgH2 + 2H2O = Mg（OH）2 +2 H2, react at 78 DEG C
It is carried out under normal pressure, generates the hydrogen of 0.14MPa -0.5MPa, be stored in low pressure hydrogen surge tank, from low pressure hydrogen surge tank
Out the hydrogen of 0.14MPa -0.5MPa is entered by air admission hole 37 in hydrogen-fuel engine cylinder after turbocharging.In hydrogen
Changing in magnesium storage tank has hydrogen, a small amount of water vapour, metal hydride magnesium and magnesium hydroxide powder, and hydrogen filtration is arranged in hydrogen outlet
Film, hydrogen filtration film only allow hydrogen to pass through, and are impermissible for other gases and substance passes through.Air increases after dust separation through turbine
Pressure unit is pressurized to 0.3MPa, is entered in hydrogen-fuel engine cylinder by air admission hole 37.The hydrogen in hydrogen-fuel engine cylinder
Gas generates 1400 DEG C of high temperature with the dense combustion of air（Hydrogen excessive 15%）Piston is pushed to do work, oxygen is reacted with nitrogen under reducing atmosphere
The conversion ratio for generating nitrogen oxides is very low, nitrogen oxide in tail gas content 30PPm or less.
The main method for controlling generation and the discharge of nitrogen oxides is to use the dense combustion of hydrogen, makes burning under reducing atmosphere
It carries out, only micro NO_x formation, tail gas main component is water vapour, nitrogen and unburned excess hydrogen.
Hydrogen-fuel engine cylinder utilizes row using two-stroke turbocharging operational mode using two-stroke operational mode
By turbo charger unit to air pressurized, exhaust temperature drops to 520 DEG C by 720 DEG C, makes full use of tail gas the tail gas overbottom pressure gone out
Energy increase air pressure, improve engine efficiency, cylinder discharge tail gas in unreacted a small amount of oxygen with it is unburned
Oxidation chemistry reaction occurs in ternary catalyzing unit for excess hydrogen, improves exhaust temperature to a certain degree.Waste heat from tail gas is supplied to
Waste heat from tail gas utilizes unit, waste heat from tail gas to utilize exhaust waste heat generation using unit.After waste heat from tail gas is utilized using unit
Low temperature exhaust gas main component be：The condensed condensed water of nitrogen, water vapour, excess hydrogen and micro nitrogen oxides, tail gas
After gas-liquid separator separates, condensed water passes through check valve（It prevents from flowing backwards）Into cooling water tank, as cylinder cooling medium
Cooling cylinder recycles heat simultaneously.Gas-liquid separator and cooling water tank add mouth by antifreezing agent and calcium chloride are added, and form 3.5%
Calcium chloride water, subzero 35 degree of low temperature can be resistant in winter and do not frozen.Cooling water tank outlet is divided into three tunnels, a-road-through
The chuck that recirculated cooling water pipeline is connected to cylinder is crossed, the chuck of cylinder is connected to cooling water tank by waste heat from tail gas using unit
30, it is used for the cooling of engine and cylinder；It is connected to the aqueous vapor entrance of magnesium hydride storage tank all the way, the hot water in cooling water tank passes through
Water filter membrane filters out calcium chloride, and hot water enters magnesium hydride storage tank and used as the hydration reaction raw material of metal hydride magnesium；All the way
The air intake of turbo charger unit is connected to by tail gas condensing water-circulating pipe, it may be necessary to which adding condensed water prevents from starting
The pure hydrogen burning overtemperature of machine cylinder；Oil sump is arranged in the hydrogen-fuel engine；Waste heat from tail gas using unit expanding machine with start
Machine is coaxial or not coaxially connected, makes up the problem that is short of power of engine using unit using waste heat from tail gas.
Embodiment 8
The present invention hydrogen-fuel engine dynamical system another embodiment it is as shown in figure 14, including ECU, hydrogen-fuel engine,
Magnesium hydride storage tank 1, off-gas expander 79, ternary catalyzing unit 7, turbo charger unit 58, waste heat from tail gas are carried using unit 8, hydrogen
Pure unit 86, cooling water tank 30, air pipe line, gas-liquid separator 9 and low pressure hydrogen surge tank 56.Turbo charger unit 58 includes
Turbine 64 and compressor 63, turbine 64 and compressor 63 are coaxially connected.Hydrogen-fuel engine is four-stroke engine, including
The top of cylinder 5 and crankcase 35, cylinder body is equipped with spark plug 36, air inlet 38 and gas vent, and bent axle, cylinder are equipped in crankcase
Interior to be equipped with piston 43, piston is connect by connecting rod with bent axle.The hydrogen outlet of magnesium hydride storage tank is equipped with hydrogen filtration film 2, gas-liquid
The gas vent of separator is equipped with gas filtration film 10, and hydrogen purification unit outlet is equipped with Hydrogen Separation film 100, cooling water tank 30
It is equipped with discharge outlet 129 with gas-liquid separator 9.Gas-liquid separator water out is equipped with check valve 39, gas-liquid separator 9 and cooling water tank
30 add mouth 32 equipped with antifreezing agent.
The hydrogen outlet of magnesium hydride storage tank 1 is connect with low pressure hydrogen surge tank 56, and the outlet of low pressure hydrogen surge tank is divided into two
Road is connected to 64 entrance of turbine of the turbo charger unit 58 of air pipe line all the way, is connected to waste heat from tail gas all the way using list
Member, waste heat from tail gas are connected to magnesium hydride storage tank by the hydrogen pipeline that exchanges heat using unit and form cycle, will be in magnesium hydride storage tank
Heat transfer utilizes unit to waste heat from tail gas, and heat source is provided using unit for waste heat from tail gas.Air pipe line is through turbo charger unit
58 compressor 63 is connected to the air inlet 38 of hydrogen-fuel engine.The turbine that the gas vent of cylinder passes through turbo charger unit 58
Machine 64, ternary catalyzing unit 7 and waste heat from tail gas are connected to gas-liquid separator 9 using unit 8.Waste heat from tail gas utilizes the generator of unit
It is connect with external power circuit system.The gas vent of gas-liquid separator is connected to magnesium hydride storage tank by hydrogen purification unit 86
Aqueous vapor entrance, hydrogen purification unit impurity gas outlet is connected to outer row pipeline.The water out of gas-liquid separator passes through unidirectional
Valve 39 is connected to cooling water tank 30, and cooling water tank outlet is divided into three tunnels, is connected to cylinder by circulating cooling water pipe line 31 all the way
Chuck, the jacket outlet of cylinder is connected to cooling water tank 30 by waste heat from tail gas using unit 8；Pass through water filter membrane all the way
33, heat traced pipeline 105 is connected to the aqueous vapor entrance of magnesium hydride storage tank；Air is connected to by tail gas condensing water-circulating pipe 19 all the way
Pipeline, junction are equipped with water filter membrane 33.
The course of work of hydrogen-fuel engine dynamical system of the present invention is：Hydrogen-fuel engine fuel hydrogen source hydrogenates
Magnesium storage tank, magnesium hydride is reacted with water generates magnesium hydroxide and hydrogen：MgH2 + 2H2O = Mg（OH）2 +2 H2, react at 72 DEG C
It is carried out under normal pressure, the hydrogen storage of generation comes out 0.12MPa-in low pressure hydrogen surge tank, from low pressure hydrogen surge tank
The hydrogen of 0.2MPa through turbo charger unit is pressurized to 0.35MPa after being mixed with air, and entering hydrogen fuel by air inlet starts
In machine cylinder.There are hydrogen, nitrogen, a small amount of water vapour, metal hydride magnesium and magnesium hydroxide powder in magnesium hydride storage tank, in hydrogen
Outlet setting hydrogen filtration film, hydrogen filtration film only allow hydrogen to pass through, are impermissible for other gases and substance passes through.Air passes through
After dust separation is mixed with hydrogen, it is pressurized to 0.35MPa through turbo charger unit, hydrogen-fuel engine gas is entered by air inlet
In cylinder, hydrogen generates 1380 DEG C of high temperature with the dense combustion of air in hydrogen-fuel engine cylinder（Hydrogen excessive 12%）Piston is pushed to do
Work(, under reducing atmosphere air reacted with nitrogen generate nitrogen oxides conversion ratio it is very low, nitrogen oxide in tail gas content 18PPm with
Under.
Air and hydrogen are in in-cylinder combustion, to prevent burning overtemperature from influencing cylinder and piston life, using penetrating excessive hydrogen
The mode controlling reaction temperature of the dense combustion of gas.The main method for controlling generation and the discharge of nitrogen oxides is to use the dense combustion of hydrogen, is made
Burning carries out under reducing atmosphere, only micro NO_x formation.Tail gas main component is water vapour, nitrogen and unburned
The excess hydrogen of burning.The operating temperature of hydrogen-fuel engine can by change fuel input, tail gas evacuation time, empty hydrogen ratio into
Row control.Hydrogen-fuel engine cylinder uses four stroke turbocharging operational modes, passes through turbine using the tail gas overbottom pressure of discharge
Compress cell drops to 550 DEG C to air pressurized, exhaust temperature by 750 DEG C, and air pressure increases to 0.35MPa by 0.1MPa, fills
Divide and increase air pressure using tail gas energy, improves engine efficiency.Unreacted a small amount of oxygen in the tail gas of cylinder discharge
Oxidation chemistry occurs in ternary catalyzing unit with unburned excess hydrogen to react, improves exhaust temperature to a certain degree.Tail gas
Waste heat is supplied to waste heat from tail gas to utilize unit, and waste heat from tail gas is generated electricity using unit using waste heat from tail gas and condensation heat to be filled to accumulator
Electricity.Low temperature exhaust gas main component after waste heat from tail gas is utilized using unit is：The condensed condensed water of nitrogen, water vapour and
Excess hydrogen, for tail gas after gas-liquid separator separates, condensed water passes through check valve（It prevents from flowing backwards）Into cooling water tank, as
Cylinder cooling medium cooling cylinder recycles heat simultaneously.Gas-liquid separator and cooling water tank by antifreezing agent add mouth be added it is antifreeze
Agent calcium chloride forms 2.5% calcium chloride water, can be resistant to subzero 25 degree of low temperature in winter and not freeze.Cooling water tank goes out
Mouth is divided into three tunnels, is connected to the chuck of cylinder by circulating cooling water pipe line all the way, is used for the cooling of engine and cylinder；All the way
It is connected to the aqueous vapor entrance of magnesium hydride storage tank, the hot water in cooling water tank filters out calcium chloride by water filter membrane, and hot water enters
Magnesium hydride storage tank is used as the hydration reaction raw material of metal hydride magnesium；Turbine is connected to by tail gas condensing water-circulating pipe all the way
The air intake of compress cell, it may be necessary to add condensed water, prevent the pure hydrogen burning overtemperature of cylinder；The hydrogen fuel
Oil sump is arranged in engine；Waste heat from tail gas is coaxial or not coaxially connected using the expanding machine and engine of unit, more than tail gas
Heat utilization unit makes up the problem that is short of power of engine.
Claims (13)
1. a kind of direct-injection gas nozzle, it is characterized in that：The nozzle is by shell, collection chamber（28）, Nozzle（26）And gas
Channel（25）It constitutes, the gas passage is communicated to Nozzle across collection chamber；The top of the gas passage is equipped with spring
（20）, lower part is equipped with hollow plunger（23）, the collection chamber section tube wall of gas passage is equipped with plunger spray orifice（27）；On the collection chamber
Portion is equipped with gas bearing on plunger（22）, lower part is equipped with gas bearing under plunger（21）, the hollow plunger is equipped with plunger limit
Device（24）, the shell of the shell is equipped with electromagnetic coil（29）, the plunger limiter coordinates with electromagnetic coil to be installed.
2. a kind of direct-injection gas nozzle according to claim 1, it is characterized in that：The nozzle for direct-injection oxygen, hydrogen,
Natural gas, argon gas.
3. utilizing a kind of direct-injection gas nozzle engine described in claim 1, the engine is hydrogen-fuel engine, hydrogen combustion
Expect that engine is equipped with cylinder（5）, cylinder cap（40）And crankcase（35）, cylinder is equipped with spark plug（36）, hydrogen mouth or/and oxygen
Nozzle（34）, gas vent is additionally provided on cylinder（41）, it is characterized in that：The hydrogen-fuel engine starts including two stroke hydrogen fuels
Machine, four stroke hydrogen-fuel engines and small stroke high frequency engine；The two strokes hydrogen-fuel engine and four stroke hydrogen fuels
Engine use single cylinder or multi-cylinder operational mode, the small stroke high frequency engine by arbitrary cylinder number combustion of hydrogen cylinder and/or
The tail gas expansion cylinder composition of arbitrary cylinder number, including the small stroke high frequency engine of four cylinders and the small stroke high frequency engine of six cylinders；It is described
The hydrogen mouth of two stroke hydrogen-fuel engines is hydrogen nozzle identical with direct-injection gas nozzle structure（13）Or/and air admission hole
（37）, the hydrogen mouth of the four strokes hydrogen-fuel engine is air inlet（38）, the hydrogen mouth of the small stroke high frequency engine
For the identical hydrogen nozzle of direct-injection gas nozzle structure（13）；The two strokes hydrogen-fuel engine includes cylinder（5）, cylinder cap
（40）And crankcase（35）, cylinder head is equipped with spark plug（36）, hydrogen nozzle（13）And oxygen jet（34）, cylinder wall is equipped with
Air admission hole（37）And gas vent（41）；Bent axle is equipped in crankcase（45）, cylinder is interior to be equipped with piston（43）, piston passes through connecting rod
（44）It is connect with bent axle；The four strokes hydrogen-fuel engine includes cylinder（5）And crankcase（35）, the top of cylinder is equipped with oxygen
Gas jets（34）, spark plug（36）, air inlet（38）And gas vent（41）, crankcase（35）It is interior to be equipped with bent axle（45）, in cylinder
For combustion chamber（46）, cylinder is equipped with piston（43）, piston passes through connecting rod（44）It is connect with bent axle.
4. a kind of direct-injection gas nozzle engine according to claim 3, it is characterized in that：The small stroke high frequency engine
Including cylinder（5）, crankcase, water-bed shell（6）, voltage-stablizer（132）And exhaust passage（89）, the voltage-stablizer is equipped with filler
（133）, water by filler enter in voltage-stablizer with high-temperature tail gas direct contact heat transfer and be completely converted into water vapour；It is described small
The exhaust outlet of each cylinder body of stroke high frequency engine is connected to exhaust passage, exhaust passage（89）Pass through voltage-stablizer（132）Even
It is connected to off-gas expander（79）Entrance, the outside of the exhaust passage is equipped with cooling jacket（88）；It is equipped in the crankcase
Bent axle（45）, each cylinder is interior to be equipped with piston（43）, piston passes through connecting rod（44）It is connect with bent axle；One, bent axle is same with generator
Axis connection, other end pass through first stage decelerator（77）With off-gas expander（79）Connection, the other end of off-gas expander passes through two
Grade retarder（78）Unit is utilized with the waste heat from tail gas of engine（8）Interior expanding machine connection；The small stroke high frequency engine
Including connecting rod and crank mechanism, gear drive, hydraulic drive, pneumatic power drive, small Stroke Engine cylinder is generated dynamic
Power effectively exports；Small stroke high frequency engine and waste heat from tail gas utilize unit（8）With forms of electricity generation output work or with machine driving
Form output work.
5. a kind of direct-injection gas nozzle engine according to claim 3, it is characterized in that：The small stroke high frequency engine
Including cylinder（5）, crankcase, water-bed shell（6）And exhaust passage（89）；The front of the small stroke high frequency engine is at least one
Cylinder is combustion of hydrogen cylinder, and the upper and lower part of the combustion of hydrogen cylinder is respectively equipped with hydrogen nozzle（13）And oxygen jet
（34）, the rear portion cylinder is tail gas expansion cylinder, and the upper and lower part of tail gas expansion cylinder is respectively equipped with tail gas spout（130）, oxygen
Gas and water spout（131）；Bent axle is equipped in crankcase（45）, each cylinder is interior to be equipped with piston（43）, piston passes through connecting rod（44）
It is connect with bent axle, the waste heat from tail gas of bent axle and engine utilizes unit（8）Interior expanding machine connection；The small stroke high frequency starts
The exhaust outlet and exhaust passage of tail gas expansion cylinder（89）Connection, the exhaust passage（89）Outlet passes through turbo charger unit
（58）Turbine（64）It is connected to ternary catalyzing unit（7）.
6. according to a kind of direct-injection gas nozzle engine of claim 3-5 any one of them, it is characterized in that：The hydrogen fuel hair
Motivation has water-bed shell or traditional an oil sump and lubricating oil system, and the small stroke high frequency engine has total oxygen gas, from point
Fire, the discharge of tail gas high temperature and pressure, small stroke, high-frequency, condensation heat recycle entirely, self-shield, fuel high-feed and Gao Kelaipu
The advantages of coefficient；In combustion chamber full of fuel and after lighting a fire, piston operates between top dead centre and lower dead center any position can be with
Gas vent exhaust is opened, the fuel input that combustion chamber is added in single acting is higher than or is far above conventional fuel amount, the routine
Fuel quantity is the fuel quantity that combustion chamber is added in common two-stroke or the acting of four-stroke engine single, and piston completes the dynamic of total travel
Power is expanded including the use of fuel vigorous combustion or inertia motive force, hydrogen-oxygen ratio flexible modulation, and hydrogen excess or oxygen are excessive, hydrogen
Extra oxygen is free of in being vented when gas excess, and the adjusting of chamber temperature and pressure is excessively carried out by hydrogen；Or from oxygen
Nozzle（34）Liquid water is added, or liquid water is added in the individual water jet of setting, adjusts the temperature and pressure of combustion chamber；The height
Frequently small Stroke Engine refer to using being equal to or less than two strokes, be also not excluded for four strokes, and piston operate in top dead centre and
Any position is opened the engine that gas vent is vented and is adopted in the case where protecting engine parts normal operation between lower dead center
With the high hydrogen fuel amount of feeding, piston also referred to as pacifies hydrogen engine, the peace hydrogen engine refers to hydrogen with high-frequency Effec-tive Function
Gas fuel is loaded in the form of solid hydrides, the most of the time occurs in solid form, hydrogen fuel safe to use starts
Machine.
7. according to a kind of direct-injection gas nozzle engine of any one of claim 3-5 any one of them, it is characterized in that：Hydrogen fuel
The lubrication of each running gear of engine takes various forms or lubricating oil, lubricant, gas lubrication, water lubrication, addition lubrication
The arbitrary combination of the water lubrication of agent or above-mentioned diversified forms；Including following manner：With or without lubricant in water-bed shell
Water is under the action of bent axle to being lubricated at piston；Lubricating oil is injected using closing oil lubrication time-based maintenance；It is situated between using closing
Matter lubricates time-based maintenance and injects lubricant；Piston ring is using graphite material self-lubricating or other carbonaceous materials or metal material or non-
Metal material self-lubricating；It is in piston that gas lubrication or water lubrication, a kind of form are used between piston ring, piston and cylinder wall
Multiple export directions that are radially arranged of ring or piston are respectively fine pipeline vertically upward and vertically downward, fine pipeline from
The gas drawn from internal piston, liquid or solid source capsule road are connected at piston ring or piston gap；Another form is in gas
Be arranged on casing wall multiple connection gases, liquid or solid source capsule road, export direction be respectively vertically upward and vertically downward
Fine pipeline, fine pipeline are turned on and off according to piston ring travel to control；The either arbitrary combination of above-mentioned form；It is described
The lubricant medium used between piston ring, piston and cylinder wall steams for hydrogen, oxygen, water or water vapour, the water with lubricant or water
Two or more combination of vapour, the micro mist ice pellets of with or without lubricant or above-mentioned lubricant medium, the piston
Ring, piston on cylinder wall outgassing direction or be vertical ejection lubricant medium；Casing wall uses graphite material or other carbon containing
The coating or insert of material or metal material or nonmetallic materials；Or each running gear of hydrogen-fuel engine is moistened using tradition
Sliding form, including sump lubrication and lubricating oil system, use conventional lubrication form between piston ring, piston and cylinder wall.
8. according to a kind of direct-injection gas nozzle engine of any one of claim 3-5 any one of them, it is characterized in that：Engine
When cylinder is stopped, the water of water-bed shell is retained in water-bed shell or draws outside engine；When cylinder starts, profit is introduced
Sliding medium enters water-bed shell（6）；The lubricant medium of the bottom shell includes water, the water containing lubricant；The small stroke high frequency
The performance of engine is evaluated using Ke Laipu coefficients, Ke Laipu coefficients be engine power divided by engine effective volume with
The quotient of effective weight product；The light unit weight of a whole set of hydrogen internal combustion engine dynamical system, unit volume are small, and energy density is high, fuel
Normal pressure stores and normal pressure uses, and hydrogen fuel is loaded in the form of solid hydrides, and the most of the time occurs in solid form, safety
It is convenient；Igniter fire when engine cold, self-ignition when heat engine.
9. using a kind of direct-injection gas nozzle engine power system described in claim 3-8, it is characterized in that：The dynamical system
System utilizes unit, gas-liquid separator, hydrogen purification unit equipped with hydrogen source gas, air air source, waste heat from tail gas（86）And cooling water
Case（30）；Gas-liquid separator（9）Gas vent be equipped with gas filtration film（10）；Hydrogen purification unit（86）Gas vent set
There is Hydrogen Separation film（100）；The hydrogen source gas and air air source are commonly connected to hydrogen mouth, the gas vent of the cylinder（41）
Pass through off-gas expander（79）Or turbo charger unit（58）It is connected to ternary catalyzing unit（7）, ternary catalyzing unit outlet passes through tail
Gas UTILIZATION OF VESIDUAL HEAT IN unit or condenser（99）It is connected to gas-liquid separator（9）；The gas vent of the gas-liquid separator passes through hydrogen
Gas purifier units（86）It is connected to hydrogen source gas；The water out of the gas-liquid separator passes through check valve（39）It is connected to cooling water
Case（30）；The cooling water tank outlet is divided into two-way, passes through circulating cooling water pipe line all the way（31）It is connected to the chuck of cylinder, gas
The jacket outlet of cylinder passes through condenser（99）Or waste heat from tail gas is connected to cooling water tank using unit；Pass through tail gas condensing water all the way
Circulation pipe（19）It is connected to the outlet of air air source, connector is equipped with water filter membrane（33）；The hydrogen-fuel engine setting oil
Bottom case；Waste heat from tail gas is coaxial or not coaxially connected using the acting device and engine of unit, and unit is utilized using waste heat from tail gas
Make up the problem that is short of power of engine.
10. a kind of direct-injection gas nozzle engine power system according to claim 9, it is characterized in that：The hydrogen gas
Source is magnesium hydride storage tank, including tank body（135）, insulating layer outside tank body（137）, tank body is internally provided with water pipe
（134）；The top of the tank body is equipped with pressure sensor（71）, explosion-proof valve（72）, hydrogen outlet（73）, aqueous vapor entrance and temperature
Sensor（72）, the lower part of the tank body is equipped with addition outlet port（18）, the addition outlet port is equipped with the cut-off with coded lock
Valve（110）；The tank body（135）For the combined material of metal material, nonmetallic materials or both of the above；The magnesium hydride storage tank
Equipped with heat-conducting medium entrance（138）, the aqueous vapor inlet tube is equipped with heat tracing pipeline（105）, the heat tracing line entry is equipped with water
Filter membrane（33）, the hydrogen outlet（73）Equipped with hydrogen filtration film（2）.
11. a kind of direct-injection gas nozzle engine power system according to claim 10, it is characterized in that：Including ECU, hydrogen
Engine fuel, magnesium hydride storage tank（1）, condenser（99）, off-gas expander（79）, ternary catalyzing unit（7）, waste heat from tail gas utilize
Unit（8）, hydrogen purification unit（86）, cooling water tank（30）, air pipe line, gas-liquid separator（9）With low pressure hydrogen surge tank
（56）；Hydrogen-fuel engine is two-cycle engine, including cylinder（5）, cylinder cap and crankcase；Cylinder cap is equipped with spark plug（36）
And air inlet（38）, cylinder wall is equipped with gas vent；It is equipped with bent axle in crankcase, is equipped with piston in cylinder, piston passes through connecting rod
It is connect with bent axle；The hydrogen outlet of magnesium hydride storage tank is equipped with hydrogen filtration film（2）, the gas vent of gas-liquid separator is equipped with gas
Filter membrane（10）, hydrogen purification unit outlet is equipped with Hydrogen Separation film（100）, cooling water tank（30）And gas-liquid separator（9）If
There is discharge outlet（129）；The water out of gas-liquid separator is equipped with check valve（39）, gas-liquid separator（9）And cooling water tank（30）If
There is antifreezing agent to add mouth（32）；
Magnesium hydride storage tank（1）Hydrogen outlet and low pressure hydrogen surge tank（56）Connection, the outlet of low pressure hydrogen surge tank are divided into two
Road is connected to the air inlet of hydrogen-fuel engine all the way（38）；Being connected to waste heat from tail gas all the way utilizes unit, waste heat from tail gas to utilize
Unit is connected to magnesium hydride storage tank by the hydrogen pipeline that exchanges heat and forms cycle, by the heat transfer in magnesium hydride storage tank to more than tail gas
Heat utilization unit provides heat source for waste heat from tail gas using unit；Air pipe line is connected to the air inlet of hydrogen-fuel engine（38）；
The gas vent of cylinder passes through off-gas expander（79）, ternary catalyzing unit（7）And condenser（99）Shell side be connected to gas-liquid separation
Device（9）；Waste heat from tail gas is connected to by heat exchanging pipe with the tube side of condenser cycle using unit, and waste heat from tail gas utilizes the hair of unit
Motor is connect with external power circuit system；The gas vent of gas-liquid separator passes through hydrogen purification unit（86）It is connected to hydrogenation
The impurity gas outlet of the aqueous vapor entrance of magnesium storage tank, hydrogen purification unit is connected to outer row pipeline；The water out of gas-liquid separator is logical
Cross check valve（39）It is connected to cooling water tank（30）, cooling water tank outlet is divided into three tunnels, passes through circulating cooling water pipe line all the way
（31）It is connected to the chuck of cylinder, the jacket outlet of cylinder passes through condenser（99）It is connected to cooling water tank（30）；Pass through all the way
Water filter membrane（33）, heat traced pipeline（105）It is connected to the aqueous vapor entrance of magnesium hydride storage tank；Pass through tail gas condensing water-circulating pipe all the way
（19）It is connected to air pipe line, junction is equipped with water filter membrane（33）.
12. a kind of direct-injection gas nozzle engine power system according to claim 10, it is characterized in that：Including ECU, hydrogen
Engine fuel, magnesium hydride storage tank（1）, off-gas expander（79）, ternary catalyzing unit（7）, turbo charger unit（58）, more than tail gas
Heat utilization unit（8）, hydrogen purification unit（86）, cooling water tank（30）, air pipe line, gas-liquid separator（9）And low pressure hydrogen
Surge tank（56）；Turbo charger unit（58）Including turbine（64）, compressor（63）With tail gas compressor（141）, turbine
（64）, compressor（63）With tail gas compressor（141）It is coaxially connected；Hydrogen-fuel engine rushes engine, including cylinder, cylinder for two
Lid and crankcase, cylinder cap are equipped with spark plug（36）, cylinder wall is equipped with air admission hole（37）And gas vent；The hydrogen of magnesium hydride storage tank goes out
Mouth is equipped with hydrogen filtration film（2）, the gas vent of gas-liquid separator is equipped with gas filtration film（10）, hydrogen purification unit outlet is set
There is Hydrogen Separation film（100）, cooling water tank（30）And gas-liquid separator（9）Equipped with discharge outlet（129）；Gas-liquid separator water out
Equipped with check valve（39）, gas-liquid separator（9）And cooling water tank（30）Mouth is added equipped with antifreezing agent（32）；
Magnesium hydride storage tank（1）Hydrogen outlet and low pressure hydrogen surge tank（56）Connection, the outlet of low pressure hydrogen surge tank are divided into two
Road, all the way through turbo charger unit（58）Tail gas compressor（141）It is connected to the air admission hole of cylinder（37）, it is connected to tail all the way
Gas UTILIZATION OF VESIDUAL HEAT IN unit, waste heat from tail gas is connected to magnesium hydride storage tank by the hydrogen pipeline that exchanges heat using unit and forms cycle, by hydrogen
The heat transfer changed in magnesium storage tank utilizes unit to waste heat from tail gas, and heat source is provided using unit for waste heat from tail gas；Air pipe line passes through
Turbo charger unit（58）Compressor（63）It is connected to the air admission hole of hydrogen-fuel engine（37）；The gas vent of cylinder passes through whirlpool
Take turns compress cell（58）Turbine（64）, ternary catalyzing unit（7）Unit is utilized with waste heat from tail gas（8）It is connected to gas-liquid separator
（9）；Waste heat from tail gas is connected to by heat exchanging pipe with the tube side of condenser cycle using unit, and waste heat from tail gas utilizes the power generation of unit
Machine is connect with external power circuit system；The gas vent of gas-liquid separator passes through hydrogen purification unit（86）It is connected to magnesium hydride
The impurity gas outlet of the aqueous vapor entrance of storage tank, hydrogen purification unit is connected to outer row pipeline；The water out of gas-liquid separator passes through
Check valve（39）It is connected to cooling water tank（30）, cooling water tank outlet is divided into three tunnels, passes through circulating cooling water pipe line all the way（31）
It is connected to the chuck of cylinder, the jacket outlet of cylinder utilizes unit by waste heat from tail gas（8）It is connected to cooling water tank（30）；All the way
Pass through water filter membrane（33）, heat traced pipeline（105）It is connected to the aqueous vapor entrance of magnesium hydride storage tank；It is followed all the way by tail gas condensing water
Endless tube（19）It is connected to air pipe line, junction is equipped with water filter membrane（33）.
13. a kind of direct-injection gas nozzle engine power system according to claim 10, it is characterized in that：Including ECU, hydrogen
Engine fuel, magnesium hydride storage tank（1）, off-gas expander（79）, ternary catalyzing unit（7）7, turbo charger unit（58）, tail gas
UTILIZATION OF VESIDUAL HEAT IN unit（8）, hydrogen purification unit（86）, cooling water tank（）30, air pipe line, gas-liquid separator（9）And pressure hydrogen
Gas surge tank（56）；Turbo charger unit 58 includes turbine（64）And compressor（63）, turbine（64）And compressor（63）
It is coaxially connected；Hydrogen-fuel engine is four-stroke engine, including cylinder（5）And crankcase（35）, the top of cylinder body is equipped with fire
Hua Sai（36）, air inlet（38）And gas vent, crankcase is interior to be equipped with bent axle, and piston is equipped in cylinder（43）, piston passes through connecting rod
It is connect with bent axle；The hydrogen outlet of magnesium hydride storage tank is equipped with hydrogen filtration film 2, and the gas vent of gas-liquid separator is equipped with gas mistake
Filter membrane（10）, hydrogen purification unit outlet is equipped with Hydrogen Separation film（100）, cooling water tank (30) and gas-liquid separator（9）It is equipped with
Discharge outlet（129）；Gas-liquid separator water out is equipped with check valve（39）, gas-liquid separator（9）And cooling water tank（30）Equipped with anti-
Freeze agent and adds mouth（32）；
Magnesium hydride storage tank（1）Hydrogen outlet and low pressure hydrogen surge tank（56）Connection, the outlet of low pressure hydrogen surge tank are divided into two
Road is connected to the turbo charger unit of air pipe line all the way（58）Turbine（64）Entrance is connected to waste heat from tail gas profit all the way
With unit, waste heat from tail gas is connected to magnesium hydride storage tank by the hydrogen pipeline that exchanges heat using unit and forms cycle, by magnesium hydride storage tank
In heat transfer to waste heat from tail gas utilize unit, provide heat source using unit for waste heat from tail gas；Air pipe line is through turbocharging
The compressor of unit 58（63）It is connected to the air inlet of hydrogen-fuel engine（38）；The gas vent of cylinder passes through turbo charger unit
（58）Turbine（64）, ternary catalyzing unit（7）Unit is utilized with waste heat from tail gas（8）It is connected to gas-liquid separator（9）；More than tail gas
The generator of heat utilization unit is connect with external power circuit system；The gas vent of gas-liquid separator passes through hydrogen purification unit
（86）It is connected to the aqueous vapor entrance of magnesium hydride storage tank, the impurity gas outlet of hydrogen purification unit is connected to outer row pipeline；Gas-liquid point
Water out from device passes through check valve（39）It is connected to cooling water tank（30）, cooling water tank outlet is divided into three tunnels, all the way by following
Ring cooling water pipeline（31）It is connected to the chuck of cylinder, the jacket outlet of cylinder utilizes unit by waste heat from tail gas（8）It is connected to
Cooling water tank（30）；Pass through water filter membrane all the way（33）, heat traced pipeline（105）It is connected to the aqueous vapor entrance of magnesium hydride storage tank；One
Road passes through tail gas condensing water-circulating pipe（19）It is connected to air pipe line, junction is equipped with water filter membrane（33）.
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| US11761375B2 (en) | 2021-05-20 | 2023-09-19 | Nabors Energy Transition Solutions Llc | Systems and methods for a hydrogen zero emissions vehicle |
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