CN108544093B - A kind of low-alloy steel low power laser-electric arc combined all-position welding method - Google Patents
A kind of low-alloy steel low power laser-electric arc combined all-position welding method Download PDFInfo
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
- B23K26/346—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring in combination with welding or cutting covered by groups B23K5/00 - B23K25/00, e.g. in combination with resistance welding
- B23K26/348—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring in combination with welding or cutting covered by groups B23K5/00 - B23K25/00, e.g. in combination with resistance welding in combination with arc heating, e.g. TIG [tungsten inert gas], MIG [metal inert gas] or plasma welding
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Abstract
A kind of low-alloy steel low power laser-electric arc combined all-position welding method that the invention provides, before being welded in using induced laser, MAG is synchronous after being welded in carries out；Laser Welding and the heat source spacing d of MAG weldering are 0-2mm；Laser beam is vertical incidence, and 1/4 position of required fusion penetration under base material surface is arranged in the position of laser spot；The laser power to match is determined according to welding position, plate thickness, groove type, speed of welding, welding current, and range is: 100-600W.The beneficial effect of the invention is: passing through the control of the parameters such as the complex method of low power laser-MAG Combined Welding, heat source spacing, tilt angle, laser power, laser defocusing amount, the all position welding termination process of low-alloy steel plate can be achieved, speed of welding is 3~5 times of simple electric arc heat source welding, so that also can efficiently realize the high-quality welding molding of low-alloy steel all position welding under smaller energy consumption.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to material weldering (company) connection technology field, more particularly, to machine-building, ship, automobile, track
A kind of low-alloy steel low power laser-of the technical fields such as traffic equipment, petrochemical industry, marine settings, pressure vessel and military project
Electric arc combined all-position welding method.
Background technique
It is well known that laser-arc hybrid welding in industry welds new method as a kind of new Modern Laser, two kinds of differences are utilized
The heat source of effect interacts, and plays its respective advantage, while compensating for the deficiency of other side, has unique advantage: 1. high
Efficiency, low energy consumption；2. increasing weld penetration, stablize welding arc；3. improving welding adaptability compared with Laser Welding, it is applicable in
In batch production process；4. improving appearance of weld by reasonable parameter regulation.During composite welding, laser heat source is main
There are CO2 laser, YAG laser, optical-fiber laser etc.；Electric arc heat source mainly has: TIG, GMA, Plasma electric arc etc.；Its complex method has
Coaxial compound, paraxonic is compound, and even multi-electrode and single laser is compound.
Laser-Arc Hybrid Welding technology is applied to the industry such as automobile, ship, space flight and aviation, petrochemical industry in the world
Field, in terms of improving product quality, improving production efficiency, handle responsible operating condition, reduce production energy consumption, realize
Achieve significant effect.The research and development and application of domestic Laser-Arc Hybrid Welding technology are still in its infancy.Therefore, it is based on
The affecting laws of laser-electric arc coupling characteristics and Laser-Arc Hybrid Welding parameter research and develop low-alloy steel low power laser-electric arc
Compound welding technology is in the fields such as metallurgy, machinery, ship, automobile, pipeline, petrochemical industry, marine settings, pressure vessel and military project
With important practical value and wide application prospect.
Laser-Arc Hybrid Welding can be divided into the electric arc combined weldering of high power laser light-and the electric arc combined weldering of low power laser-,
In the electric arc combined weldering of high power laser light-, the output power of laser is greater than 1 kilowatt, and laser plays a major role, and electric arc is auxiliary heat
Source effect；In the electric arc combined weldering of low power laser-, the output power of laser less than 1 kilowatt, is carried out using laser and electric arc
The effect that coupling generates is welded, and low power laser has the function of induction enhancing to electric arc, can be shown whole more excellent
Good welding characteristic.
Although laser-arc hybrid welding in industry technology has obtained development at full speed in recent years, mainly with the height of 4-6kw
Power laser and electric arc progress are compound, and the electric arc combined welding technique of high power laser light-is inherently using laser as main heating source, electricity
Arc is auxiliary thermal source, although having the advantages such as big, the gap tolerance height of fusion penetration, since laser power height leads to plasma mistake
Degree expansion issues cause the unstable of welding process, and the incident photon-to-electron conversion efficiency of current laser aid is not high, high-power to swash
The energy loss of light can be very big, causes excessive energy dissipation phenomenon.It is the low carbon steel plate banjo fixing butt jointing of 20mm with throat thickness
For, under same welding fabrication effect, the electric arc combined weldering of high power laser light is compared, the electric arc combined welding of low power laser-
Energy consumption can reduce by 80% or so, therefore the power of laser is lower, and corresponding energy loss is fewer.Swash at present about low-power
The research of optical-electronic arc Combined Welding is also closed primarily directed to magnesium under laboratory condition also in the theoretical research stage of physical mechanism
Gold or aluminium alloy are carried out, and the research for mild steel is less；Meanwhile the welding procedure of the electric arc combined weldering of low power laser-
Research is also at the starting stage, and all kinds of welding procedures, also only around in the scope of downhand position, this is obviously unable to satisfy reality
The requirement of full-automatic welding in production.
Summary of the invention
The problem to be solved by the invention is to provide a kind of low-alloy steel low power laser-electric arc combined all-position weldings
Method, during the electric arc combined welding technique of low power laser-is applied to the welding production of low-alloy steel, the technological system
It has studied using low-power YAG pulse laser and MAG welding composite weld rifle, soldering low alloy steel is stood in downhand welding, flat fillet weld, horizontal position welding
Weldering, the welding procedure of overhead position realize the high-quality welding molding under smaller energy consumption.
In order to solve the above technical problems, the invention the technical solution adopted is that:
A kind of low-alloy steel low power laser-electric arc combined all-position welding method, this method includes following steps:
(1) complex method and heat source spacing are set according to welding position: complex method be welded in using induced laser before, MAG
It is synchronous after being welded in carry out；Laser Welding and the heat source spacing d of MAG weldering are 0-2mm；
(2) laser beam is vertical incidence, is 90 ° with base material angle；The angle of MAG welding gun and base material is set as α, the angle of α
Set according to different welding positions: α is 30-40 ° under downhand welding, horizontal position, and α is 40-45 ° under vertical position welding, overhead position；
(3) the welding defocusing amount of Laser Welding is set according to welding point fusion penetration, and the position of laser spot is arranged in base material table
1/4 position of required fusion penetration under face；
(4) laser power to match is determined according to welding position, plate thickness, groove type, speed of welding, welding current,
The range of the laser power is: 100-600W；
(5) torch swinging frequency, weld edge residence time and swing width: welding gun need to be set at vertical position welding welding position
Hunting frequency range: 1-5HZ；The weld edge residence time: 0.05-0.3s；Swing width: for the whole width for the welding bead that need to be filled
Angle value.
Further, the welding point design in the compound all-position welding method are as follows: low alloy steel plate thickness is in 2-5mm
Range, banjo fixing butt jointing does not need bevel, and connector group is 0-2mm to gap a；Low-alloy steel plate thickness be greater than 5mm be less than etc.
It is 25-50 ° according to bevel angle θ range needed for plate thickness banjo fixing butt jointing in 25mm range, connector group is 0-1mm to gap a；
Blunt edge size h is 0-2mm.
Further, according to different welding positions, joint form, it is as follows that corresponding welding condition is arranged in plate thickness:
Protection air-flow amount: 18-25L/min；Speed of welding range: 1.5-20mm/s；Welding current: 80-300A；It is dry to stretch
It is long: 12-20mm.
The invention has the advantages and positive effects of: by the complex method of low power laser-MAG Combined Welding,
The control of the parameters such as heat source spacing, tilt angle, laser power, laser defocusing amount, while there are also corresponding welding conditions
Cooperation all position welding termination process of low-alloy steel plate may be implemented, welding process is stablized, and splashes small, while obtaining weld seam table
The weld seam for the defects of face forming, single face welding and double face shaping is good, flawless, stomata, undercut, lack of penetration, incomplete fusion, welding speed
Degree is 3~5 times of simple electric arc heat source welding, so that also can efficiently realize the height of low-alloy steel all position welding under smaller energy consumption
Quality welding fabrication.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is low-alloy steel low power laser-electric arc combined welding piece groove schematic diagram；
Fig. 2 is for the relative position schematic diagram during laser beam and MAG welding gun composite welding；
Fig. 3 is that fillet in normal shear molding figure of the Combined Welding after founding upward position welding piece is utilized in embodiment 1；
Fig. 4 is that reverse side appearance of weld figure of the Combined Welding after founding upward position welding piece is utilized in embodiment 1；
Fig. 5 is that fillet in normal shear molding figure of the Combined Welding after the welding piece of fillet welding in the overhead position position is utilized in embodiment 2；
Fig. 6 is that reverse side appearance of weld figure of the Combined Welding after the welding piece of fillet welding in the overhead position position is utilized in embodiment 2；
Fig. 7 is that fillet in normal shear molding figure of the Combined Welding after the welding piece of horizontal position is utilized in embodiment 3；
Fig. 8 is that reverse side appearance of weld figure of the Combined Welding after the welding piece of horizontal position is utilized in embodiment 3；
Fig. 9 is that fillet in normal shear molding figure of the Combined Welding after the welding piece of downhand position is utilized in embodiment 4；
Figure 10 is that reverse side appearance of weld figure of the Combined Welding after the welding piece of downhand position is utilized in embodiment 4.
Specific embodiment
The invention is to provide a kind of low-alloy steel low power laser-electric arc combined all-position welding method, the party
Method includes the following steps:
(1) complex method and heat source spacing are set according to welding position: complex method be welded in using induced laser before, MAG
It is synchronous after being welded in carry out；Laser Welding and the heat source spacing d of MAG weldering are 0-2mm (as shown in Figure 2)；
(2) laser beam is vertical incidence, is 90 ° with base material angle；The angle of MAG welding gun and base material is set as α, the angle of α
Set according to different welding positions: α is 30-40 ° under downhand welding, horizontal position, and α is 40-45 ° under vertical position welding, overhead position
(as shown in Figure 2)；
(3) the welding defocusing amount of Laser Welding is set according to welding point fusion penetration, and the position of laser spot is arranged in base material table
1/4 position of required fusion penetration under face；
(4) laser power to match is determined according to welding position, plate thickness, groove type, speed of welding, welding current,
The range of the laser frequency is: 100-600W；
(5) torch swinging frequency, weld edge residence time and swing width: welding gun need to be set at vertical position welding welding position
Hunting frequency range: 1-5HZ；The weld edge residence time: 0.05-0.3s；Swing width: for the whole width for the welding bead that need to be filled
Angle value.
Further, as shown in Figure 1, the welding point in the compound all-position welding method designs are as follows: low-alloy steel
For plate thickness in 2-5mm range, banjo fixing butt jointing does not need bevel, and connector group is 0-2mm to gap a；Low-alloy steel plate thickness is in 5-
25mm range, be 25-50 ° according to bevel angle θ range needed for plate thickness banjo fixing butt jointing, and connector group is 0-1mm to gap a；It is blunt
Side size h is 0-2mm.
Further, according to different welding positions, joint form, it is as follows that corresponding welding condition is arranged in plate thickness: protecting
Protect throughput: 18-25L/min；Speed of welding range: 1.5-20mm/s；Welding current: 80-300A；Stem elongation: 12-20mm.
In the invention, for laser heat source using logical fast pulse laser generator, laser output mode is YAG laser,
Optical maser wavelength 1064nm, laser average output power are 1000W；The MAG weldering source of welding current is using happy advanced full-numeralization contravariant of speeding
Power supply, welding rated welding current can achieve 100% arcing time factor when being 25-500A, the selection of MAG welding wire matches with base material
Welding wire, be all made of the welding that ER50-6 welding wire carries out corresponding low alloyed steel below in an example.
The present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments creates.
Embodiment 1
The present embodiment is compound using the low powder pulsed laser-electric arc that method of the invention carries out Q345B low alloy steel plate
Welding, welding point are plate docking, and welding position connects for vertical-up welding, and implementation process mainly includes technology ginseng below
Number:
(1) plate thickness is 10mm, and joint form is that V-butt docks, bevel angle θ=30 °, and group is to gap a
0.5mm；Blunt edge size h is 1mm；
(2) defocusing amount of laser is -2mm, and heat source spacing is that d is 0mm, and angle of welding gun α is 45 °, stem elongation 16mm；
(3) welding process is 3 layer 3: 1. prime coat: welding current 176A, speed of welding 12mm/s, welding process
Without swinging, protection air-flow amount is 18L/min, laser power 450W；2. filled layer: welding current 146A, speed of welding
For 2mm/s, torch swinging frequency is 2.4HZ, swing width 3mm, residence time 0.15s, protection air-flow amount in welding process
For 18L/min, laser power 280W；3. capping layer: welding current 150A, speed of welding 2mm/s are swung in welding process
Frequency is 2.2HZ, swing width 5.5mm, residence time 0.17s, and protection air-flow amount is 18L/min, laser power 280W.
As shown in Figures 3 and 4, final welded seam can realize good single face welding and double face shaping, visually inspect flawless, gas
The defects of hole, undercut, incomplete fusion, radiographic inspection result are I grades of weld seams.
Embodiment 2
The present embodiment is compound using the low powder pulsed laser-electric arc that method of the invention carries out Q345B low alloy steel plate
Welding, welding point are groove fillet welding, and welding position is overhead welding, and implementation process mainly includes technical parameter below:
(1) plate thickness is 12mm, and joint form is single bevel groove corner connection, and bevel angle θ=30 °, group is to gap a
For 0mm；Blunt edge size h is 0mm；
(2) laser defocusing amount is -2mm, and heat source spacing is that d is 2mm, and angle of welding gun α is 40 °, stem elongation 18mm；
(3) welding process is 2 layer 2: 1. prime coat: welding current 180A, speed of welding 12mm/s, protection air-flow
Amount is 18L/min, laser power 450W；2. filled layer: welding current 240A, speed of welding 10mm/s, protection air-flow
Amount is 18L/min, laser power 450W.
As it can be seen in figures 5 and 6, final weld seam can realize good single face welding and double face shaping, visual inspection flawless, stomata,
The defects of undercut, incomplete fusion, radiographic inspection result are I grades of weld seams.
Embodiment 3
The present embodiment is compound using the low powder pulsed laser-electric arc that method of the invention carries out Q345B low alloy steel plate
Welding, welding point are plate docking, and welding position is horizontal position welding, and implementation process mainly includes technical parameter below:
(1) plate thickness is 16mm, and joint form is that V-butt docks, bevel angle θ=40 °, and group is to gap a
1mm；Blunt edge size h is 1mm；
(2) laser defocusing amount is -4mm, and heat source spacing is that d is 0mm, and angle of welding gun α is 35 °, stem elongation 16mm；
(3) welding process is 3 layer 5: 1. prime coat: welding current 200A, speed of welding 15mm/s, protection air-flow
Amount is 18L/min, laser power 470W；2. filled layer (including 2 weld seams): welding current 300A, speed of welding are
12mm/s, protection air-flow amount are 18L/min, laser power 450W；3. capping layer (including 2 weld seams): welding current 150A,
Speed of welding is 10mm/s, and protection air-flow amount is 18L/min, laser power 220W.
As shown in FIG. 7 and 8, final welded seam can realize good single face welding and double face shaping, visually inspect flawless, gas
The defects of hole, undercut, incomplete fusion, radiographic inspection result are I grades of weld seams.
Embodiment 4
The present embodiment is compound using the low powder pulsed laser-electric arc that method of the invention carries out Q345B low alloy steel plate
Welding, welding point are plate docking, and welding position is downhand welding, and implementation process mainly includes technical parameter below:
(1) plate thickness is 5mm, and square groove is welded, and group is 1mm to gap a；
(2) laser defocusing amount is 0mm, and heat source spacing d is 0mm, and angle of welding gun α is 30 °, stem elongation 12mm.
(3) welding process is single layer single-run welding, and welding current 280A, speed of welding 18mm/s, protection air-flow amount is
18L/Min, laser power 500W.
As shown in Figures 9 and 10, final welded seam can realize good single face welding and double face shaping, visual inspection flawless,
The defects of stomata, undercut, incomplete fusion, radiographic inspection result are I grades of weld seams.
Above four embodiments use corresponding welding procedure, have carried out vertical position welding, overhead welding, horizontal position welding for low alloyed steel
With the Laser-Arc Hybrid Welding welding under downhand position, and the power of laser is respectively 280W, 450W, 220W, 500W, relatively
In traditional Laser-Arc Hybrid Welding, laser power is obviously reduced；Final good appearance of weld demonstrates the invention and mentions
Welding procedure out can complete the high-quality welding molding of low-alloy steel all position welding under smaller energy consumption.
The embodiment of the invention is described in detail above, but the content is only the preferable of the invention
Embodiment should not be considered as limiting the invention the practical range of creation.It is all according to made by the invention application range
Deng variation and improvement etc., shall remain within the patent scope covered by the invention.
Claims (3)
1. a kind of low-alloy steel low power laser-electric arc combined all-position welding method, which is characterized in that this method include with
Lower step:
(1) complex method and heat source spacing are set according to welding position: complex method be welded in using induced laser before, MAG is welded in
It is synchronous afterwards to carry out；Laser Welding and the heat source spacing d of MAG weldering are 0-2mm；
(2) laser beam is vertical incidence, is 90 ° with base material angle；The angle of MAG welding gun and base material is set as α, the angle of α according to
Different welding positions are set: α is 30-40 ° under downhand welding, horizontal position, and α is 40-45 ° under vertical position welding, overhead position；
(3) according to welding point fusion penetration be arranged Laser Welding welding defocusing amount, laser spot position setting base material surface it
1/4 position of fusion penetration needed for lower；
(4) laser power to match is determined according to welding position, plate thickness, groove type, speed of welding, welding current, it is described
The range of laser power is: 100-600W；
(5) torch swinging frequency, weld edge residence time and swing width: torch swinging need to be set at vertical position welding welding position
Frequency range: 1-5HZ；The weld edge residence time: 0.05-0.3s；Swing width: for the overall width for the welding bead that need to be filled
Value.
2. a kind of low-alloy steel low power laser-electric arc combined all-position welding method as described in claim 1, feature exist
In the welding point in the compound all-position welding method designs are as follows: in 2-5mm range, docking connects low alloy steel plate thickness
Head does not need bevel, and connector group is 0-2mm to gap a；Low-alloy steel plate thickness is being less than or equal to 25mm range greater than 5mm,
It is 25-50 ° according to bevel angle θ range needed for plate thickness banjo fixing butt jointing, connector group is 0-1mm to gap a；Blunt edge size h is 0-
2mm。
3. a kind of low-alloy steel low power laser-electric arc combined all-position welding method as described in claim 1, feature exist
According to different welding positions, joint form, it is as follows that corresponding welding condition is arranged in plate thickness:
Protection air-flow amount: 18-25L/min；Speed of welding range: 1.5-20mm/s；Welding current: 80-300A；Stem elongation: 12-
20mm。
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| CN109773310A (en) * | 2019-03-12 | 2019-05-21 | 江苏顺发电热材料有限公司 | The method of induced with laser Variable Polarity Square-wave AC Gas Tungsten Arc Welding small-bore thin-wall tube |
| CN112025095A (en) * | 2020-09-15 | 2020-12-04 | 王志兵 | Laser welding device |
| CN112404733B (en) * | 2020-11-19 | 2023-07-28 | 首都航天机械有限公司 | Laser arc hybrid welding method for medium-large thickness high-temperature alloy structure |
| CN112620886A (en) * | 2020-12-09 | 2021-04-09 | 江苏科技大学 | Low-power continuous laser-induced carbon dioxide arc welding method |
| CN112719599A (en) * | 2020-12-22 | 2021-04-30 | 南京中科煜宸激光技术有限公司 | Welding method for reducing generation rate of non-welding-through type welding pores of stainless steel |
| CN113210870A (en) * | 2021-04-25 | 2021-08-06 | 江苏通宇钢管集团有限公司 | Efficient laser-electric arc composite heat source high-strength steel pipeline straight seam welding process |
| CN113333957B (en) * | 2021-05-21 | 2023-04-11 | 南京钢铁股份有限公司 | Marine wide thin plate laser-MAG electric arc composite welding method |
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| CN102161134A (en) * | 2009-12-01 | 2011-08-24 | 南车青岛四方机车车辆股份有限公司 | Hybrid welding method of variable-polarity square-wave tungsten electrode argon arc and laser |
| US20140027414A1 (en) * | 2012-07-26 | 2014-01-30 | General Electric Company | Hybrid welding system and method of welding |
| CN103495810A (en) * | 2013-10-15 | 2014-01-08 | 吉林大学 | Lower alloy steel laser-electric arc hybrid welding method |
| CN104551391B (en) * | 2014-12-25 | 2017-03-01 | 北京石油化工学院 | A kind of laser enhancing GMAW droplet transfer control method under water |
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