CN108541639A - A kind of litopenaeus vannamei efficient ecological aquaculture model - Google Patents
A kind of litopenaeus vannamei efficient ecological aquaculture model Download PDFInfo
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- 241000238553 Litopenaeus vannamei Species 0.000 title claims abstract description 58
- 238000009360 aquaculture Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 40
- 244000144974 aquaculture Species 0.000 title claims abstract description 35
- 241000238557 Decapoda Species 0.000 claims abstract description 90
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 85
- 241000242583 Scyphozoa Species 0.000 claims abstract description 53
- 238000009395 breeding Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 230000001488 breeding effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 235000016709 nutrition Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 230000035764 nutrition Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 238000004821 distillation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 102000004190 Enzymes Human genes 0.000 claims description 47
- 108090000790 Enzymes Proteins 0.000 claims description 47
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 47
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 claims description 43
- 230000001580 bacterial effect Effects 0.000 claims description 38
- 238000003306 harvesting Methods 0.000 claims description 25
- 239000003337 fertilizer Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000004744 fabric Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000010902 straw Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 241000894006 Bacteria Species 0.000 claims description 9
- 229920000915 polyvinyl chloride Polymers 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000004800 polyvinyl chloride Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 240000008436 Ipomoea aquatica Species 0.000 claims description 7
- 235000019004 Ipomoea aquatica Nutrition 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000006260 foam Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 235000012255 calcium oxide Nutrition 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000003895 organic fertilizer Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000001988 toxicity Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 231100000419 toxicity Toxicity 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000004382 Amylase Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 102000013142 Amylases Human genes 0.000 claims description 4
- 108010065511 Amylases Proteins 0.000 claims description 4
- 244000063299 Bacillus subtilis Species 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000014469 Bacillus subtilis Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
- ODINCKMPIJJUCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium oxide Chemical compound [Ca]=O ODINCKMPIJJUCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000004698 Polyethylene Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229920002472 Starch Polymers 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000019418 amylase Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- -1 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 claims description 4
- 229920000573 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000008107 starch Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000019698 starch Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
- 241000228245 Aspergillus niger Species 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000440 bentonite Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910000278 bentonite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- SVPXDRXYRYOSEX-UHFFFAOYSA-N bentoquatam Chemical compound O.O=[Si]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O SVPXDRXYRYOSEX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 108091005804 Peptidases Proteins 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000004365 Protease Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 102100037486 Reverse transcriptase/ribonuclease H Human genes 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000292 calcium oxide Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 abstract description 10
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 abstract description 9
- 239000002351 wastewater Substances 0.000 abstract description 8
- 238000004659 sterilization and disinfection Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 201000010099 disease Diseases 0.000 description 11
- 208000037265 diseases, disorders, signs and symptoms Diseases 0.000 description 11
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 11
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 description 11
- 241001465754 Metazoa Species 0.000 description 9
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000005416 organic matter Substances 0.000 description 6
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000005276 aerator Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000002585 base Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 5
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 235000013305 food Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 241000607479 Yersinia pestis Species 0.000 description 3
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000006641 stabilisation Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000011105 stabilization Methods 0.000 description 3
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 101000693530 Staphylococcus aureus Staphylokinase Proteins 0.000 description 2
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 210000000476 body water Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000002265 prevention Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000001932 seasonal effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000004083 survival effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 241001116389 Aloe Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000228212 Aspergillus Species 0.000 description 1
- NYNKCGWJPNZJMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Clebopride malate Chemical compound [O-]C(=O)C(O)CC(O)=O.COC1=CC(N)=C(Cl)C=C1C(=O)NC1CC[NH+](CC=2C=CC=CC=2)CC1 NYNKCGWJPNZJMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 244000265913 Crataegus laevigata Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000013175 Crataegus laevigata Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 241000927735 Penaeus Species 0.000 description 1
- 230000035508 accumulation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009825 accumulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000011399 aloe vera Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- XKMRRTOUMJRJIA-UHFFFAOYSA-N ammonia nh3 Chemical compound N.N XKMRRTOUMJRJIA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006731 degradation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000013399 edible fruits Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012851 eutrophication Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000013372 meat Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000006180 nutrition needs Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000000050 nutritive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000019419 proteases Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000005067 remediation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000009182 swimming Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002195 synergetic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003643 water by type Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K61/00—Culture of aquatic animals
- A01K61/50—Culture of aquatic animals of shellfish
- A01K61/59—Culture of aquatic animals of shellfish of crustaceans, e.g. lobsters or shrimps
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
- Y02A40/81—Aquaculture, e.g. of fish
Landscapes
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Marine Sciences & Fisheries (AREA)
- Zoology (AREA)
- Animal Husbandry (AREA)
- Biodiversity & Conservation Biology (AREA)
- Cultivation Of Plants (AREA)
Abstract
The present invention relates to litopenaeus vannamei efficient ecological aquaculture models, include the following steps：(1) it cleans up the pond, shine the pool and disinfection；(2) foundation bait is cultivated；(3) razor clam seedling of hanging is launched；(4) jellyfish seedling is launched；(5) shrimp seedling is put in a suitable place to breed；(6) feed that Different Nutrition ingredient is fed in litopenaeus vannamei different stages of growth is fed 2~4 times daily；(7) every 10~15 days moisture that flush distillation is supplemented into pond；(8) after cultivating 60d~90d, shrimp seedling is grown to 9~10g/ tail specifications, and litopenaeus vannamei is harvested.It is an advantage of the invention that the utilization rate of breeding water body and the whole economic efficiency of cultivation can be improved, the discharge of aquaculture wastewater is reduced, reduces pollution of the breeding production to environment.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to litopenaeus vannamei cultural technique fields, and in particular to a kind of litopenaeus vannamei efficient ecological cultivation mould
Formula.
Background technology
Litopenaeus vannamei, also known as Penaeus Vannmei, the white foot shrimp of alias, Litoenaeus vannamei, in source area South America Pacific coast
Waters.Litopenaeus vannamei delicious meat, dressing percentage is high, has very high economic value.From in being introduced litopenaeus vannamei in 1988
After state, because it has many advantages, such as that resistance is strong, the speed of growth is fast, resistance to high density, rapidly becomes in China's shrimp culture industry and cultivate
Kind widest in area.Industrialized aquiculture has many advantages, such as that cultivation density is big, the speed of growth is fast, resource utilization is high, is
The important directions of aquaculture development.In recent years, the booming of industrialized aquiculture pattern is largely met
Demand of the people to aquatic products solves the problems, such as nature fishery resources relative shortage.In order to improve the cultivation of litopenaeus vannamei
Benefit also begins to use industrialized aquiculture pattern in many places in China.In aquaculture process, water quality situation is good
Bad is the principal element for determining cultured output and cultivating success or failure.But it is swift and violent with litopenaeus vannamei industrialized aquiculture pattern
Development, breeding water body eutrophication getting worse, a large amount of accumulations of the organic pollutions such as residual bait excrement cause largely to be harmful to
Flora grows breeding, and water body dissolved oxygen reduces, ammonia-nitrogen content increases, and the ecological environment of breeding water body is continuous worsening；Seriously reduce
The premunition of prawn so that disease of prawn takes place frequently.In addition, most litopenaeus vannamei farm (including soil is pool cultivated and high
Position is pool cultivated) all by after breeding process and cultivation waste water, waste without any processing with regard to direct emission, to farm and
Surrounding enviroment or even overall situation cause certain pollution, so destroy ecological environment, and two is sudden and violent to increase shrimp disease
Send out popular possibility.
Therefore, there is an urgent need for developing a kind of aquaculture model of efficient ecological, the same of the culture efficiency of litopenaeus vannamei is being improved
The utilization rate of Shi Tigao water bodys reduces the discharge of aquaculture wastewater, reduces pollution of the breeding production to environment.
Invention content
An object of the present invention is to provide a kind of litopenaeus vannamei efficient ecological aquaculture model, improves the profit of breeding water body
With the whole economic efficiency of rate and cultivation, the discharge of aquaculture wastewater is reduced, reduces pollution of the breeding production to environment.
In order to solve the above-mentioned technical problem, the present invention uses following technical scheme, a kind of litopenaeus vannamei efficient ecological foster
Pattern is grown, is included the following steps：
(1) pond that selected depth is 1~1.5 meter, area is 3~5 mu, to pond carry out dredging, per acre use 60kg~
80kg quicklime slurryings are splashed, and pond is rinsed in exposure pool bottom to being cracked, and are intake after toxicity thoroughly disappears, into draining
The bolting silk mesh bag of jacketed 50 mesh, enters pond to prevent wild fishes and harmful organisms at mouthful；
(2) organic fertilizer and chemical fertilizer after intaking cultivate foundation bait, are stirred every two days primary；
(3) razor clam seedling of hanging is launched after applying fertilizer 3~8 days, razor clam seedling seed size of hanging is the razor clam seedling of hanging of 5000~8000/kg, often
Mu launches 4~5kg；
(4) jellyfish seedling is launched in 10~15 days backward ponds of fertilising, jellyfish seedling is that the children of umbrella diameter 1cm or so is bitten, and is thrown per acre
Put 60~70, harvesting is sold after cultivation 30~50 days, and lower stubble jellyfish is put in a suitable place to breed after 3~7 days or harvesting before first planting jellyfish harvesting；
(5) litopenaeus vannamei that shrimp seedling length is 0.8~1.2cm is chosen, being 20~35 DEG C in water temperature puts shrimp seedling in a suitable place to breed, puts in a suitable place to breed
Density is 2~40,000 tails/mu；
(6) feed that Different Nutrition ingredient is fed in litopenaeus vannamei different stages of growth is fed 2~4 times daily；
(7) every 10~15 days moisture that flush distillation is supplemented into pond, control water level is in 0.8~1.2m.
(8) after cultivating 60d~90d, shrimp seedling is grown to 9~10g/ tail specifications, is started wheel and is caught listing, harvests litopenaeus vannamei.
Put jellyfish seedling and when to shrimp seedling, only need to open an aerator, keep slight water body flow, be conducive to jellyfish seedling and
It scatters in cultivating pool to shrimp seedling.
In step (5), preferably it is 22~35 DEG C in water temperature and puts shrimp seedling in a suitable place to breed, 18~20 DEG C of water temperature not hold time too
It is long.
Further, biologic float bed, the biologic float bed bio-carrier can also be launched in cultivating pool of the invention
It being made by polyvinyl chloride foam plate, the thickness of polyvinyl chloride foam plate is 1~3cm, it is uniformly distributed a diameter of 1 thereon~
The aperture of 2cm, in aperture plantation have water spinach or other salt-tolerant plants, the biologic float bed coverage rate in water surface for aquaculture is 20%~
25%.As a preferred embodiment, it is described it is biologic float bed be cascaded by polyethylene rope, to form larger area coverage, so
After be fixed on the water surface, prevent from shaking with flow.Water spinach or salt-tolerant plant can not only reduce the organic matter in pond, also have and carry
The effect of high dissolved oxygen, and living space and sheltered situation can be provided for prawn, jellyfish.Water spinach or salt-tolerant plant (as extra large aloe,
Alkali is fluffy, white thorn, foliage heet etc.) nutritive salt such as N, P in water body are largely absorbed in growth course, be converted into its cell at
Point, shift the nutriments such as N, P in water-outlet body finally by the regular harvesting of plant or plant leaf.Therefore, by
It is arranged biologic float bed in cultivating pool, can not only effectively reduces the organic and inorganic pollution in water body, there is good water quality
Environment remediation effect, and water spinach or other salt-tolerant plants can be used as sideline production, and additional economic benefit is brought to raiser,
Further, since the present invention is directly repaired to water quality in cultivating system, the discharge of aquaculture wastewater can be reduced, reduces cultivation
The pollution to environment is produced, and reduces quantity of exchanged water, saves water resource.
Further, when prawn body is about 1~3cm, day feeding volume is the 9~12% of prawn weight；Prawn body is about 1~
When 3cm, day feeding volume is the 5~8% of prawn weight；The specific feeding volume of feed is suitable according to water temperature, water quality and situation of ingesting
Work as adjustment；Fed for 3 times per natural gift, when the time is respectively 8~9,12~13 when, 18~19 when.It is no longer individually past after launching shrimp seedling
In pond bait is fed for jellyfish.
Further, when putting shrimp seedling or shrimp seedling launch after 3~5 days, launch compound bacterial enzyme preparation attachment to cultivating pool
Frame.The compound bacterial enzyme preparation attaching frame includes the holder of " Shang " shape, and multiple attachments are equipped with from top to bottom on the holder of " Shang " shape
Blade is wound with clean straw or numb matter cloth on the attachment blade, compound bacterial enzyme preparation is coated on straw or numb matter cloth.
The compound bacterial enzyme preparation attaching frame of the present invention acts not only as the attachment base of litopenaeus vannamei, moreover it is possible to be conducive to compound bacteria enzyme system
Agent is more uniformly spread in bottom of pond, improves purification of water quality efficiency.As a preferred embodiment, being evenly distributed on the attachment blade more
A permeable hole improves purification of water quality efficiency, and then improve water quality in order to water body flow；The bottom end of holder is articulated with pond bottom
On the spud pile of portion's setting, effect is to reduce flow compound bacterial enzyme preparation attaching frame is impacted and influenced, and is conducive to compound
Bacterial enzyme preparation is more uniformly spread in bottom of pond, and extends the service life of compound bacterial enzyme preparation attaching frame.The compound bacteria enzyme system
Agent includes following components：Bacillus subtilis 1.0 × 107~3 × 108A/g, aspergillus niger 1.0 × 105~1 × 106A/g, in
Property protease 600-1000U/g, amylase 500-800U/g, carrier 100-400mg/g, the carrier is that starch and bentonite are pressed
According to 6:1 mass ratio mixes.The compound bacterial enzyme preparation of the present invention can give full play to the synergistic effect between each component, can be fast
Speed decomposes cultivating pool organic matter, has compared directly fast using microniological proudcts onset time, purification efficiency height.It uses
When, the usage amount of compound bacterial enzyme preparation is that water body uses 100g-300g per acre.
Aquaculture model according to the invention can cultivate 2 for 1 year and make (spring makes makes with the autumn), and the spring makes shrimp and puts usual 3~April
Seedling, June receive shrimp.Autumn makes the usual August part of shrimp and puts seedling, receives shrimp or so November.Aquaculture model through the invention can play
Diseases prevention, the effect of stable yields can reduce the disease incidence of cultivated animals.In the present invention, the food for razor clam of hanging is mainly phytoplankton,
The main food source of jellyfish is zooplankter, litopenaeus vannamei omnivorousness.Razor clam, jellyfish hang as sideline production, improves cultivation water
The utilization rate of body and the economic benefit of raiser.
Previous breeding production experience have shown that, phytoplankton may excessively inhibit the flourish of zooplankter, cause
Jellyfish lacks natural bait, while also pH value can be caused excessively high, gently then influences jellyfish growth, heavy then can cause " bubble illness ", " wither
The diseases such as contracting ", " tack ", " long neck " occur, and cause cultivation to fail, are also unfavorable for the stabilization of water quality；Zooplankter excessively will filter
A large amount of phytoplanktons are eaten, cause water transparency excessively high, dissolved oxygen declines, and is unfavorable for the life of litopenaeus vannamei, jellyfish and razor clam of hanging
It is long, and zooplankter finally can also wither away because bait lacks, and make jellyfish and razor clam of hanging all lacks natural bait, influence cultivation effect
Fruit.After feeding feed to litopenaeus vannamei, in the dissolving or the excrement of excessive dispensing and litopenaeus vannamei discharge due to feed
Organic matter, the oxidation process of organic matter consumes a large amount of dissolved oxygens, easily leads to pond anoxic, cause bottom environmental degradation, influence
The healthy growth of aquiculture animal and survival, and the present invention by launched in pond the razor clam of hanging of proper proportion, jellyfish and/or
Biologic float bed, and/or compound bacterial enzyme preparation, is conducive to make the plankton in water body to maintain in metastable quantity,
Effectively reduce the organic debris content in pond, be rationally and effectively utilized feed or excrement decompose and generate a large amount of nitrogen,
Phosphorus substance maintains the stabilization of breeding water body water environment, and then be conducive to hang by dissolved oxygen control within the scope of regime values
The growth of razor clam, jellyfish and litopenaeus vannamei reduces the pollution of feed or excrement to farm's surrounding body environment, reduces disease
Evil risk, and unit aquaculture cost is reduced, the feed for reducing unit cultured product consumes, and improves the whole warp of cultivation
Ji benefit.The present invention combines the natural bait in Various Seasonal pond according to the nutritional needs of cultivated animals different stages of growth
Material situation (the plankton situation mainly in pond), Different Nutrition ingredient is fed in cultivated animals different stages of growth
Feed is conducive to the absorption and growth of cultivated animals, reduces pest and disease damage preferably to meet the nutritional need of cultivated animals
Rate.
In addition, the experimental results showed that, ecologic breeding mode using the present invention only needs in due course appropriate add during cultivation
Water, quantity of exchanged water is less, reduces the discharge of aquaculture wastewater, reduces pollution of the breeding production to environment.
To sum up, compared with prior art, it is an advantage of the invention that：
(1) aquaculture model according to the invention can cultivate 2 for 1 year and make (spring makes makes with the autumn), and the spring makes shrimp usual 3~April
Seedling is put, receives shrimp June.Autumn makes the usual August part of shrimp and puts seedling, receives shrimp or so November.Aquaculture model through the invention can rise
To diseases prevention, the effect of stable yields, the disease incidence of cultivated animals can be reduced.In the present invention, the food for razor clam of hanging is mainly plant of swimming
The main food source of object, jellyfish is zooplankter, litopenaeus vannamei omnivorousness.Razor clam, jellyfish hang as sideline production, improves cultivation
The utilization rate of water body and the economic benefit of raiser.
(2) razor clam of hanging, jellyfish and/or the biologic float bed, and/or compound bacteria that the present invention passes through the dispensing proper proportion in pond
Enzyme preparation is conducive to make the plankton in water body to maintain in metastable quantity, effectively reduces having in pond
Machine clast content is rationally and effectively utilized feed or excrement decomposes and a large amount of nitrogen, the phosphorus substance of generation, dissolved oxygen control is existed
Within the scope of regime values, the stabilization of breeding water body water environment is maintained, and then the life of be conducive to hang razor clam, jellyfish and litopenaeus vannamei
It is long, reduce the pollution of feed or excrement to farm's surrounding body environment, reduce pest and disease risk, and reduces unit and support
Cost is grown, the feed for reducing unit cultured product consumes, and improves the whole economic efficiency of cultivation.The present invention is dynamic according to cultivation
The nutritional need of object different stages of growth, and combine the natural bait situation in Various Seasonal pond (mainly floating in pond
Travelling plant situation), the feed of Different Nutrition ingredient is fed in cultivated animals different stages of growth, it is dynamic preferably to meet cultivation
The nutritional need of object is conducive to the absorption and growth of cultivated animals, reduces pest and disease damage incidence.
(3) ecologic breeding mode using the present invention only needs suitably to add water in due course, quantity of exchanged water is less, subtracts during cultivation
The discharge for having lacked aquaculture wastewater reduces pollution of the breeding production to environment.
Description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the compound bacterial enzyme preparation attaching frame structural schematic diagram of the present invention；
Wherein, holder 1, attachment blade 2, spud pile 3.
Specific implementation mode
Embodiment below facilitates a better understanding of the present invention, but does not limit the present invention.Experiment in following embodiments
Method is unless otherwise specified conventional method.
Embodiment 1
A kind of litopenaeus vannamei efficient ecological aquaculture model, includes the following steps：
(1) pond that selected depth is 1.2 meters, area is 3.4 mu carries out dredging to pond, uses 60kg quick limes per acre
Slurrying is splashed, and pond is rinsed in exposure pool bottom to being cracked, and is intake after toxicity thoroughly disappears, at discharge outlet jacketed 50
Purpose bolting silk mesh bag, enters pond to prevent wild fishes and harmful organisms；
(2) organic fertilizer and chemical fertilizer after intaking cultivate foundation bait, are stirred every two days primary；
(3) razor clam seedling of hanging is launched after applying fertilizer 4 days, razor clam seedling seed size of hanging is the razor clam seedling of hanging of 5000~8000/kg, and is thrown per acre
Put 4.2kg；
(4) jellyfish seedling is launched in 12 days backward ponds of fertilising, jellyfish seedling is that the children of umbrella diameter 1cm or so is bitten, and launches 60 per acre
~70, harvesting is sold after cultivation 30~50 days, and lower stubble jellyfish is put in a suitable place to breed after 3~7 days or harvesting before first planting jellyfish harvesting；
(5) litopenaeus vannamei that shrimp seedling length is 0.8~1.2cm is chosen, being 20~22 DEG C in water temperature puts shrimp seedling in a suitable place to breed, puts in a suitable place to breed
Density is 2.6 ten thousand tails/mu, and on the day of putting shrimp seedling in a suitable place to breed, 20 DEG C of times below of pond water temperature are less than 2 hours；
(6) feed that Different Nutrition ingredient is fed in litopenaeus vannamei different stages of growth feeds 3 time difference daily
When being 8~9,12~13 when, 18~19 when；Wherein, when prawn body is about 1~3cm, day feeding volume be prawn weight 9~
12%；When prawn body is about 1~3cm, day feeding volume is the 5~8% of prawn weight；The specific feeding volume of feed according to water temperature,
Water quality and situation of ingesting suitably adjust；After launching shrimp seedling, no longer individually bait is fed for jellyfish into pond；
(7) every 10~15 days moisture that flush distillation is supplemented into pond, control water level is in 0.8~1.0m.
(8) after cultivating 60d~90d, shrimp seedling is grown to 9~10g/ tail specifications, is started wheel and is caught listing, harvests litopenaeus vannamei.
Put jellyfish seedling and when to shrimp seedling, only need to open an aerator, keep slight water body flow, be conducive to jellyfish seedling and
It scatters in cultivating pool to shrimp seedling.
Embodiment 2
A kind of litopenaeus vannamei efficient ecological aquaculture model, includes the following steps：
(1) pond that selected depth is 1.3 meters, area is 4.6 mu carries out dredging to pond, uses 70kg quick limes per acre
Slurrying is splashed, and pond is rinsed in exposure pool bottom to being cracked, and is intake after toxicity thoroughly disappears, at discharge outlet jacketed 50
Purpose bolting silk mesh bag, enters pond to prevent wild fishes and harmful organisms；
(2) organic fertilizer and chemical fertilizer after intaking cultivate foundation bait, are stirred every two days primary；
(3) razor clam seedling of hanging is launched after applying fertilizer 8 days, razor clam seedling seed size of hanging is the razor clam seedling of hanging of 5000~8000/kg, and is thrown per acre
Put 4.8kg；
(4) jellyfish seedling is launched in 15 days backward ponds of fertilising, jellyfish seedling is that the children of umbrella diameter 1cm or so is bitten, and launches 60 per acre
~70, harvesting is sold after cultivation 30~50 days, and lower stubble jellyfish is put in a suitable place to breed after 3~7 days or harvesting before first planting jellyfish harvesting；
(5) litopenaeus vannamei that shrimp seedling length is 0.8~1.2cm is chosen, being 21~22 DEG C in water temperature puts shrimp seedling in a suitable place to breed, puts in a suitable place to breed
Density is 3.2 ten thousand tails/mu, and on the day of putting shrimp seedling in a suitable place to breed, 20 DEG C of times below of pond water temperature are less than 2 hours；
(6) feed that Different Nutrition ingredient is fed in litopenaeus vannamei different stages of growth feeds 3 time difference daily
When being 8~9,12~13 when, 18~19 when；Wherein, when prawn body is about 1~3cm, day feeding volume be prawn weight 9~
12%；When prawn body is about 1~3cm, day feeding volume is the 5~8% of prawn weight；The specific feeding volume of feed according to water temperature,
Water quality and situation of ingesting suitably adjust；After launching shrimp seedling, no longer individually bait is fed for jellyfish into pond；
(7) every 10~15 days moisture that flush distillation is supplemented into pond, control water level is in 0.8~1.2m.
(8) after cultivating 60d~90d, shrimp seedling is grown to 9~10g/ tail specifications, is started wheel and is caught listing, harvests litopenaeus vannamei.
Put jellyfish seedling and when to shrimp seedling, only need to open an aerator, keep slight water body flow, be conducive to jellyfish seedling and
It scatters in cultivating pool to shrimp seedling.
Also being launched in the cultivating pool of the present invention has biologic float bed, and the biologic float bed bio-carrier is steeped by polyvinyl chloride
Foam plate is made, and the thickness of polyvinyl chloride foam plate is 1~3cm, is uniformly distributed the aperture of a diameter of 1~2cm, aperture thereon
Middle plantation has water spinach or other salt-tolerant plants, it is described it is biologic float bed be cascaded by polyethylene rope, it is biologic float bed to support
The coverage rate for growing the water surface is 22%.
Embodiment 3
A kind of litopenaeus vannamei efficient ecological aquaculture model, includes the following steps：
(1) pond that selected depth is 1.1 meters, area is 3.7 mu carries out dredging to pond, uses 80kg quick limes per acre
Slurrying is splashed, and pond is rinsed in exposure pool bottom to being cracked, and is intake after toxicity thoroughly disappears, at discharge outlet jacketed 50
Purpose bolting silk mesh bag, enters pond to prevent wild fishes and harmful organisms；
(2) organic fertilizer and chemical fertilizer after intaking cultivate foundation bait, are stirred every two days primary；
(3) razor clam seedling of hanging is launched after applying fertilizer 3 days, razor clam seedling seed size of hanging is the razor clam seedling of hanging of 5000~8000/kg, and is thrown per acre
Put 4.4kg；
(4) jellyfish seedling is launched in 11 days backward ponds of fertilising, jellyfish seedling is that the children of umbrella diameter 1cm or so is bitten, and launches 60 per acre
~70, harvesting is sold after cultivation 30~50 days, and lower stubble jellyfish is put in a suitable place to breed after 3~7 days or harvesting before first planting jellyfish harvesting；
(5) litopenaeus vannamei that shrimp seedling length is 0.8~1.2cm is chosen, being 22~24 DEG C in water temperature puts shrimp seedling in a suitable place to breed, puts in a suitable place to breed
Density is 40,000 tails/mu, and on the day of putting shrimp seedling in a suitable place to breed, 20 DEG C of times below of pond water temperature are less than 2 hours；
(6) feed that Different Nutrition ingredient is fed in litopenaeus vannamei different stages of growth feeds 3 time difference daily
When being 8~9,12~13 when, 18~19 when；Wherein, when prawn body is about 1~3cm, day feeding volume be prawn weight 9~
12%；When prawn body is about 1~3cm, day feeding volume is the 5~8% of prawn weight；The specific feeding volume of feed according to water temperature,
Water quality and situation of ingesting suitably adjust；After launching shrimp seedling, no longer individually bait is fed for jellyfish into pond；
(7) every 10~15 days moisture that flush distillation is supplemented into pond, control water level is in 0.8~1.0m.
(8) after cultivating 60d~90d, shrimp seedling is grown to 9~10g/ tail specifications, is started wheel and is caught listing, harvests litopenaeus vannamei.
Put jellyfish seedling and when to shrimp seedling, only need to open an aerator, keep slight water body flow, be conducive to jellyfish seedling and
It scatters in cultivating pool to shrimp seedling.
When putting shrimp seedling, compound bacterial enzyme preparation attaching frame is launched to cultivating pool.The compound bacterial enzyme preparation attaching frame includes
" Shang " shape holder , " Shang " shape holder on be equipped with multiple attachment blades from top to bottom, be evenly distributed on the attachment blade
Multiple permeable holes improve purification of water quality efficiency, and then improve water quality in order to water body flow；It is wound on the attachment blade
It is coated with compound bacterial enzyme preparation on clean straw or numb matter cloth, straw or numb matter cloth；The bottom end of holder is articulated with pond bottom
On the spud pile of setting, effect is to reduce flow compound bacterial enzyme preparation attaching frame is impacted and influenced, and is conducive to compound bacteria
Enzyme preparation is more uniformly spread in bottom of pond, and extends the service life of compound bacterial enzyme preparation attaching frame.The compound bacteria enzyme of the present invention
Preparation attaching frame acts not only as the attachment base of litopenaeus vannamei, moreover it is possible to be conducive to compound bacterial enzyme preparation and is distributed more in bottom of pond
Uniformly, purification of water quality efficiency is improved.The compound bacterial enzyme preparation includes following components：Bacillus subtilis 1.0 × 108A/g,
Aspergillus niger 3.0 × 105A/g, neutral proteinase 600U/g, amylase 8 00U/g, carrier 30 as one kind 0mg/g, the carrier be starch and
Bentonite is according to 6:1 mass ratio mixes.The compound bacterial enzyme preparation of the present invention can give full play to the collaboration between each component
Effect, can quickly decompose cultivating pool organic matter, compare directly fast using microniological proudcts onset time, purification effect
Rate is high.In use, the usage amount of compound bacterial enzyme preparation is that water body uses 200g per acre.
Embodiment 4
A kind of litopenaeus vannamei efficient ecological aquaculture model, includes the following steps：
(1) pond that selected depth is 1.4 meters, area is 4.5 mu carries out dredging to pond, uses 70kg quick limes per acre
Slurrying is splashed, and pond is rinsed in exposure pool bottom to being cracked, and is intake after toxicity thoroughly disappears, at discharge outlet jacketed 50
Purpose bolting silk mesh bag, enters pond to prevent wild fishes and harmful organisms；
(2) organic fertilizer and chemical fertilizer after intaking cultivate foundation bait, are stirred every two days primary；
(3) razor clam seedling of hanging is launched after applying fertilizer 4 days, razor clam seedling seed size of hanging is the razor clam seedling of hanging of 5000~8000/kg, and is thrown per acre
Put 4.8kg；
(4) jellyfish seedling is launched in 10 days backward ponds of fertilising, jellyfish seedling is that the children of umbrella diameter 1cm or so is bitten, and launches 60 per acre
~70, harvesting is sold after cultivation 30~50 days, and lower stubble jellyfish is put in a suitable place to breed after 3~7 days or harvesting before first planting jellyfish harvesting；
(5) litopenaeus vannamei that shrimp seedling length is 0.8~1.2cm is chosen, being 22~24 DEG C in water temperature puts shrimp seedling in a suitable place to breed, puts in a suitable place to breed
Density is 3.8 ten thousand tails/mu, and on the day of putting shrimp seedling in a suitable place to breed, pond water temperature is without less than 20 DEG C water temperatures below；
(6) feed that Different Nutrition ingredient is fed in litopenaeus vannamei different stages of growth feeds 3 time difference daily
When being 8~9,12~13 when, 18~19 when；Wherein, when prawn body is about 1~3cm, day feeding volume be prawn weight 9~
12%；When prawn body is about 1~3cm, day feeding volume is the 5~8% of prawn weight；The specific feeding volume of feed according to water temperature,
Water quality and situation of ingesting suitably adjust；After launching shrimp seedling, no longer individually bait is fed for jellyfish into pond；
(7) every 10~15 days moisture that flush distillation is supplemented into pond, control water level is in 0.8~1.2m.
(8) after cultivating 60d~90d, shrimp seedling is grown to 9~10g/ tail specifications, is started wheel and is caught listing, harvests litopenaeus vannamei.
Put jellyfish seedling and when to shrimp seedling, only need to open an aerator, keep slight water body flow, be conducive to jellyfish seedling and
It scatters in cultivating pool to shrimp seedling.
There is biologic float bed dispensing, the biologic float bed bio-carrier is by polyvinyl chloride foam in the cultivating pool of the present invention
Plate is made, and the thickness of polyvinyl chloride foam plate is 1~3cm, is uniformly distributed the aperture of a diameter of 1~2cm thereon, in aperture
Plantation has water spinach or other salt-tolerant plants, it is described it is biologic float bed be cascaded by polyethylene rope, it is biologic float bed to cultivate
The coverage rate of the water surface is 25%.
When putting shrimp seedling, compound bacterial enzyme preparation attaching frame is launched to cultivating pool.The compound bacterial enzyme preparation attaching frame includes
" Shang " shape holder , " Shang " shape holder on be equipped with multiple attachment blades from top to bottom, be evenly distributed on the attachment blade
Multiple permeable holes improve purification of water quality efficiency, and then improve water quality in order to water body flow；It is wound on the attachment blade
It is coated with compound bacterial enzyme preparation on clean straw or numb matter cloth, straw or numb matter cloth；The bottom end of holder is articulated with pond bottom
On the spud pile of setting, effect is to reduce flow compound bacterial enzyme preparation attaching frame is impacted and influenced, and is conducive to compound bacteria
Enzyme preparation is more uniformly spread in bottom of pond, and extends the service life of compound bacterial enzyme preparation attaching frame.The compound bacteria enzyme of the present invention
Preparation attaching frame acts not only as the attachment base of litopenaeus vannamei, moreover it is possible to be conducive to compound bacterial enzyme preparation and is distributed more in bottom of pond
Uniformly, purification of water quality efficiency is improved.The compound bacterial enzyme preparation includes following components：Bacillus subtilis 3 × 108It is a/g, black
Aspergillus 5.0 × 105A/g, neutral proteinase 800U/g, amylase 500U/g, carrier 200mg/g, the carrier are starch and swollen
Profit soil is according to 6:1 mass ratio mixes.The compound bacterial enzyme preparation of the present invention can give full play to the work of the collaboration between each component
With, quickly cultivating pool organic matter can be decomposed, compared and directly utilized microniological proudcts onset time fast, purification efficiency
It is high.In use, the usage amount of compound bacterial enzyme preparation is that water body uses 150g per acre.
Embodiment 5
As shown in Figure 1, compound bacterial enzyme preparation attaching frame used by embodiment 3 and embodiment 4 includes the holder of " Shang " shape
Multiple attachment leaves 2 are equipped on the holder of 1 , " Shang " shapes from top to bottom, clean straw or numb matter cloth are wound on the attachment blade
It is coated with compound bacterial enzyme preparation on item, straw or numb matter cloth.The compound bacterial enzyme preparation attaching frame of the present invention acts not only as all
Receive the attachment base of shore prawn, moreover it is possible to be conducive to compound bacterial enzyme preparation and be more uniformly spread in bottom of pond, improve purification of water quality efficiency.Make
Multiple permeable holes preferably being evenly distributed on the attachment blade to be a kind of, in order to water body flow, improve purification of water quality effect
Rate, and then improve water quality；The bottom end of holder is articulated on the spud pile 3 of pond bottom setting, reduces flow to compound bacteria enzyme system
Agent attaching frame is impacted and is influenced, and is conducive to compound bacterial enzyme preparation and is more uniformly spread in bottom of pond, and it is attached to extend compound bacterial enzyme preparation
The service life of frame.
Experimental result
Culture experiment is carried out in mid-March, 2016 in mid-November, 2016 in Tianjin cultivation base, experimental result
During showing cultivation, the dissolved oxygen (mg/L) of each cultivating pool is in 6.3mg/L or more, and pH value is between 7.6~8.2.30 days
The survival rate mean value of litopenaeus vannamei is up to 62.7% or more.Aquaculture model according to the invention, can cultivate within 1 year and 2 make (spring make and
Autumn makes), the spring makes shrimp and puts seedling usual 3~April, receives shrimp June (when receiving shrimp, litopenaeus vannamei specification is 9~10g/ tails).Qiu Zao
The usual August part of shrimp puts seedling, receives shrimp or so November.During cultivation, every 10~15 days water that flush distillation is supplemented into pond
Point, without largely changing water, reduces the discharge of aquaculture wastewater, reduce pollution of the breeding production to environment.
The above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, it should be pointed out that：For the ordinary skill people of the art
For member, without departing from the principle of the present invention, several improvement can also be made, these improvement should be regarded as the guarantor of the present invention
Protect range.
Claims (8)
1. a kind of litopenaeus vannamei efficient ecological aquaculture model, it is characterised in that：Include the following steps：
(1) pond that selected depth is 1~1.5 meter, area is 3~5 mu carries out dredging to pond, uses 60kg~80kg per acre
Quicklime slurrying is splashed, and pond is rinsed in exposure pool bottom to being cracked, and is intake after toxicity thoroughly disappears, at discharge outlet
The bolting silk mesh bag of jacketed 50 mesh, enters pond to prevent wild fishes and harmful organisms；
(2) organic fertilizer and chemical fertilizer after intaking cultivate foundation bait, are stirred every two days primary；
(3) razor clam seedling of hanging is launched after applying fertilizer 3~8 days, razor clam seedling seed size of hanging is the razor clam seedling of hanging of 5000~8000/kg, and is thrown per acre
Put 4~5kg；
(4) jellyfish seedling is launched in 10~15 days backward ponds of fertilising, jellyfish seedling is that the children of umbrella diameter 1cm or so is bitten, and launches 60 per acre
~70, harvesting is sold after cultivation 30~50 days, and lower stubble jellyfish is put in a suitable place to breed after 3~7 days or harvesting before first planting jellyfish harvesting；
(5) litopenaeus vannamei that shrimp seedling length is 0.8~1.2cm is chosen, being 20~35 DEG C in water temperature puts shrimp seedling, breeding density in a suitable place to breed
For 2~40,000 tails/mu；
(6) feed that Different Nutrition ingredient is fed in litopenaeus vannamei different stages of growth is fed 2~4 times daily；
(7) every 10~15 days moisture that flush distillation is supplemented into pond, control water level is in 0.8~1.2m；
(8) after cultivating 60d~90d, shrimp seedling is grown to 9~10g/ tail specifications, is started wheel and is caught listing, harvests litopenaeus vannamei.
2. litopenaeus vannamei efficient ecological aquaculture model according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：The aquaculture pond of the present invention
Also being launched in the pool has biologic float bed, and the biologic float bed bio-carrier is made by polyvinyl chloride foam plate, polyvinyl chloride
The thickness of cystosepiment is 1~3cm, is uniformly distributed the aperture of a diameter of 1~2cm thereon, in aperture plantation have water spinach or other
Salt-tolerant plant, the biologic float bed coverage rate in water surface for aquaculture are 20%~25%.
3. litopenaeus vannamei efficient ecological aquaculture model according to claim 2, it is characterised in that：Described is biologic float bed
It is cascaded by polyethylene rope.
4. litopenaeus vannamei efficient ecological aquaculture model according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：In step (6), prawn
When body is about 1~3cm, day feeding volume is the 9~12% of prawn weight；When prawn body is about 1~3cm, day feeding volume is prawn
The 5~8% of weight；Fed for 3 times per natural gift, when the time is respectively 8~9,12~13 when, 18~19 when.
5. litopenaeus vannamei efficient ecological aquaculture model according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：When putting shrimp seedling or shrimp
3~5 days after seedling dispensing, compound bacterial enzyme preparation attaching frame is launched to cultivating pool, the compound bacterial enzyme preparation attaching frame includes
" Shang " shape holder , " Shang " shape holder on be equipped with multiple attachment blades from top to bottom, be wound on the attachment blade totally
It is coated with compound bacterial enzyme preparation on straw or numb matter cloth, straw or numb matter cloth.
6. litopenaeus vannamei efficient ecological aquaculture model according to claim 5, it is characterised in that：On the attachment blade
It is evenly distributed with multiple permeable holes.
7. litopenaeus vannamei efficient ecological aquaculture model according to claim 5, it is characterised in that：The bottom end of holder is hinged
In on the spud pile of pond bottom setting.
8. litopenaeus vannamei efficient ecological aquaculture model according to claim 5, it is characterised in that：The compound bacteria enzyme system
Agent includes following components：Bacillus subtilis 1.0 × 107~3 × 108A/g, aspergillus niger 1.0 × 105~1 × 106A/g, in
Property protease 600-1000U/g, amylase 500-800U/g, carrier 100-400mg/g, the carrier is that starch and bentonite are pressed
According to 6:1 mass ratio mixes.
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