CN108532580A - A kind of hillock eco-environment restoration comprehensive processing method - Google Patents
A kind of hillock eco-environment restoration comprehensive processing method Download PDFInfo
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- CN108532580A CN108532580A CN201810550799.XA CN201810550799A CN108532580A CN 108532580 A CN108532580 A CN 108532580A CN 201810550799 A CN201810550799 A CN 201810550799A CN 108532580 A CN108532580 A CN 108532580A
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- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000019691 monocalcium phosphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910052901 montmorillonite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910017604 nitric acid Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000010899 nucleation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000018343 nutrient deficiency Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000003895 organic fertilizer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000036961 partial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005192 partition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000035515 penetration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000035699 permeability Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000028742 placenta development Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920002451 polyvinyl alcohol Polymers 0.000 description 1
- FGIUAXJPYTZDNR-UHFFFAOYSA-N potassium nitrate Chemical compound [K+].[O-][N+]([O-])=O FGIUAXJPYTZDNR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OTYBMLCTZGSZBG-UHFFFAOYSA-L potassium sulfate Chemical compound [K+].[K+].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O OTYBMLCTZGSZBG-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229910052939 potassium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000011151 potassium sulphates Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001737 promoting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004080 punching Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000717 retained effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002786 root growth Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000004317 sodium nitrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010344 sodium nitrate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 125000006850 spacer group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 230000006641 stabilisation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011105 stabilization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002352 surface water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000004083 survival effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000013268 sustained release Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000013619 trace mineral Nutrition 0.000 description 1
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- 229920003169 water-soluble polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
- E02D3/00—Improving or preserving soil or rock, e.g. preserving permafrost soil
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C23/00—Distributing devices specially adapted for liquid manure or other fertilising liquid, including ammonia, e.g. transport tanks or sprinkling wagons
- A01C23/04—Distributing under pressure; Distributing mud; Adaptation of watering systems for fertilising-liquids
- A01C23/042—Adding fertiliser to watering systems
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G25/00—Watering gardens, fields, sports grounds or the like
- A01G25/02—Watering arrangements located above the soil which make use of perforated pipe-lines or pipe-lines with dispensing fittings, e.g. for drip irrigation
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G25/00—Watering gardens, fields, sports grounds or the like
- A01G25/16—Control of watering
- A01G25/167—Control by humidity of the soil itself or of devices simulating soil or of the atmosphere; Soil humidity sensors
Landscapes
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Soil Sciences (AREA)
- Water Supply & Treatment (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Agronomy & Crop Science (AREA)
- General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
- Paleontology (AREA)
- Civil Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Cultivation Of Plants (AREA)
- Pit Excavations, Shoring, Fill Or Stabilisation Of Slopes (AREA)
Abstract
The present invention provides a kind of hillock eco-environment restoration comprehensive processing method, specifically includes following steps：Hillock cuts slope shaping and fire extinguishing engineering, closing isolation engineering, earthing engineering, the system engineering of semi-flexible Quick drainage, Nutrition Soil structure engineering, anti-erosion vegetation recovery engineering and vegetation curing system engineering.The present invention cuts slope and semi-flexible Quick drainage system by rational hillock, it is ensured that hillock is safe and stable；Isolation is put out a fire and closed by hillock, thoroughly eliminates the harm of hillock；It is improved by scientific and reasonable soil moved in improve the original, vegetation is made to grow quickly, for a long time；Pass through anti-erosion technology for recovering vegetation, the erosion for the side slope that resists the elements；By the vegetation curing system of reasonable design, the pouring of hillock side slope vegetation, fertilising problem are solved, hillock soil erosion of side slope is prevented.The present invention is multi-pronged from above-mentioned seven key points, prevents harm of the spontaneous combus tion of waste heap to environment, quickly forms phytobiocoenose, realizes that mine entironment restores.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to environmental improvement, land reclamation, ecological reconstruction, recovery of ecologic environment in a mine technical fields, and in particular to one
Kind hillock eco-environment restoration comprehensive processing method.
Background technology
Gangue is one of maximum industrial solid castoff of the current discharge capacity in China, and annual output reaches several hundred million tons, due to by
The limitation of prior art means, resource utilization is very low at present, is stacked at ground mostly, forms hillock.Heap is added up at present
More than 50 hundred million tons are put, and with annual several hundred million tons of speed increases, only in Shanxi, existing thousands of hillocks, maximum hillock volume of cargo in storage
Up to up to ten million tons.Since gangue contains sulfide, easily oxidation and spontaneous combustion, the pollutions such as a large amount of toxic and harmful gas, flue dust are generated
Object pollutes atmospheric environment, and the heavy metal in gangue percolate caused by raining can all cause dirt to soil and groundwater resource
Dye, the serious safety and health for damaging nearby residents, destroys the ecological environment on mining area and its periphery, while influencing coal enterprise
Safety in production, economic benefit and the social image of industry.Hillock ecological environment treatment has become national focal point.2016,
Shanxi Province has just been included in 51 hillock eco-environment restorations and has administered pilot and demonstration projects project, it is desirable that will be completed before the end of the year 18.
Therefore it is the task of top priority to carry out comprehensive treatment to hillock ecological environment.
Hillock administers routine techniques and technique：Whole slope → earthing → build water channel → vegetation, for many years, hillock are administered
The not big breakthrough of technology, still continues to use above-mentioned conventional process techniques, this is administered from 51, Shanxi hillock eco-environment restoration
Pilot demonstrative project feasibility study and Preliminary design can be found out, a pattern is substantially.So above-mentioned Processing tecchnics effect is such as
What, has investigated big little hilltop beam hillock, 280 cash that hillock administers three mine of Yang Mei groups being on the forefront in the whole province or even the whole nation
The think of Chinese ditch hillock of Stone Mountain and two mines, the hillock that Xishan coal electricity group land owned by officials mine has been administered, spontaneous fire problem are quite tight
Weight, the big portion of vegetation grown is even all dead, and drainage system paralysis, corrodes and severe water and soil erosion, a other spoil are naked
Expose, it may be said that original administers all failures.National hillock administers typical mine even in this way, other mines can be thought and cicada.
It traces sth. to its source, is to simplify complicated thing, occur in theory, in cognition, in solution great inclined
Difference.
Current river harnessing ideas and method is that " soil " has been treated as spacer, air should be prevented to enter spoil area, again
Vegetation is grown on it, seems simple, ingenious, but the happiness for ignoring spoil area and vegetation growth area is avoided completely on the contrary, spoil area
Avoid air and water enters, avoids disturbance.And vegetation growth exactly be unable to do without water, air is be unable to do without, by two blocks in opposition to each other
It is superimposed, as a result well imagines.So " soil " cannot not only serve " isolation ", but also for vegetation growth, theoretically just
Obstructed, this point has also been confirmed in practice.
Secondly it corrodes and rainwater infiltration is the arch-criminal for causing spontaneous combus tion of waste heap.Erosion is easy to form erosion ditch, gradually
The channel of leaking out for forming hillock makes spoil that exothermic oxidation reaction occur, causes spoil temperature higher and higher, to cause nature
It is under fire.The present situation of hillock, the hillock of every spontaneous fire are administered through on-site inspection, topsoil has a large amount of erosion groove
In the presence of every vegetation topsoil is etched, and forms the place of coombe, is temperature anomaly area, and have spontaneous fire trend.Rainwater
Under ooze, spoil contacted with water can accelerated oxidation reaction, increase the danger of spontaneous fire.Spontaneous Combustion of Coal Gangue simultaneously, can make hillock
It collapses, settle, further increase hillock and leak out, aggravate spontaneous fire.The reason of causing erosion and rainwater infiltration mainly has：
（1）Drainage system falls behind.Traditional rigid water channel not anti-settling, easily causes water channel to be broken, not only influences drainage system
Normal operation, and lead to rainwater infiltration, formation is leaked out channel, and hillock spontaneous fire, novel flexible water drainage canal are caused
First, resistance is big, draining is slow, and a large amount of silts are easy siltation in water channel, and drainage system is caused to paralyse quickly, second is that soil engineering bag it
Between contact not tight, gap is big, causes rainwater cross flow, not only causes rainwater infiltration, but also a large amount of rainwater directly rush at slope surface and horse
Road causes slope surface impaired.Rainwater infiltration generates percolate, polluted underground water and soil to spoil area.When soil on riding track is long
Between impregnate, easily cause landslide, collapse and settle, more havoc, vicious circle then are caused to drainage system.Rain on riding track
Water cannot flow directly into water channel, gently then impregnate riding track, heavy then wash away slope surface.
（2）Vegetation technique falls behind, and conventional vegetation technique is unable to control rain erosion, it is a large amount of to be especially planted in hillock
Vegetation in side slope, own survival is all difficult, can not resist rain erosion.
（3）Plant layer nutritional deficiency.Earthing generally uses the soil moved in improve the original on hillock periphery, and soil moved in improve the original is generally barrenr, organic
Matter and nutrient dificiency so that growth result is bad after vegetation, cannot play the role of bank protection.
（4）Do not have vegetation conserve or conserve it is improper.Existing hillock harnessing project is without design vegetation curing system, entirely
By it rains, vegetation growth is slow, does not also wait it longer, and side slope is just etched, or maintenance water is excessive, washes away slope
Vegetation deterioration is caused in face.
（5）The hillock gradient and classification riding track height difference design are improper.Many grade of side slopes are more than 30 degree, even up to 40~
50 degree, for classification riding track height difference up to 10~20m, even higher, side slope angle, height difference are bigger, more easily cause rain erosion, water and soil stream
It loses, secondly the vegetation in side slope is difficult to contain water, and maintenance difficulty also increases.
Therefore hillock, which is administered, to start with from " closing isolation " and LP blades.
1, structure " the closing separation layer " between spoil area and vegetation growth area
" closing " is that hillock is thorough " package ", and hillock is directly endangered solution and is removed, i.e., is generated spoil area
Harmful heavy metal ions in dust, toxic and harmful gas, heat or even cash mountain are all made by closing " closing " of separation layer
With being sealed up for safekeeping in spoil area, " closing " spoil area does not cause damages to vegetation growth area and atmosphere afterwards, vegetation growth area
Vegetation can easily grown.
" isolation " refers to thoroughly separating in spoil area and external vegetation growth area, by the water in vegetation region, empty air and heat
Amount or even tree root are blocked in outside spoil area, will not be caused to invade and harass to spoil area.Spoil area is not invaded and harassed by the external world, would not be generated
Spontaneous combustion will not occur for high temperature, will not more discharge toxic and harmful gas, and the harm in spoil area relieves, the vegetation growth of vegetation region
Also just safe.
" closing isolation " is the two sides of a things, and closing is not influence vegetation region for spoil area, and isolation is to planting
For area, spoil area is not influenced.This requires closing separation layers to have airtight, waterproof, antiseepage, heat-blocking action, while also answering
It is fire-retardant, firm, durable.As long as the performance of closing separation layer has these features, hillock, which administers problem, to be readily solved.
Close the importance of separation layer：
（1）Ensure that spoil area independence, relieve disturbance of the vegetation growth area to spoil area, though vegetation region because rain erosion,
The reasons such as soil cracking form rill erosion, crack, and big influence will not be caused to spoil area.
（2）It ensure that vegetation growth area vegetation safety.It is directly aggrieved in the past because of Spontaneous Combustion of Coal Gangue, because of high temperature, because of gas leak
Be exactly vegetation thereon, less serious case's vegetation growth is bad, and severe one causes vegetation dead, has " closing isolation " this road barrier, significantly
Reduce harm of the hillock to vegetation.
（3）Thorough liberation vegetation region, vegetation growth are lighter.By the fire prevention undertaken originally by vegetation region, antiseepage, airtight
The problems such as Deng the task quit that can not possibly accomplish, specializing in vegetation growth, need to only solving loosing soil, ventilative, soil moisture conservation, fertilizer conservation, just
Can make vegetation growth more rapidly, it is luxuriant, in turn again alleviate closing isolation stressor layer, formed benign cycle.
（4）Closing separation layer has directly taken on hillock and has endangered management task.Fire extinguishing, antiseepage, it is heat-insulated in addition it is dust-proof
It is completed by closing separation layer.
2, multi-pronged LP blades
The maximum feature of hillock is that side slope is more, and it is safe and stable to be related to slopes, is related to erosion by wind and rain, soil erosion.Therefore necessary
Multi-pronged LP blades.
（1）Unreasonable slope design and classification riding track height difference design, can aggravate rain erosion, at the same height difference formed from
Right wind pressure can aggravate oxygen supply of leaking out again.Therefore when cutting slope to hillock, classification being handled, the angle of side slope is minimized, is shortened
It is classified riding track height difference, rationally designs the width of riding track, reduces natural ventilation pressure, reduces and corrodes, stablizes slopes.In addition, according to spoil
Mountain spontaneous fire feature, in the forming process of engineering machinery heap slope, it is most simple that spontaneous combustion or high-temperature area spoil, which are directly excavated,
Extinguishing method that is single reliable and saving money.
（2）It necessarily is formed perfect Quick drainage system, drainage ditch not only wants to resist hillock sedimentation to water channel
It destroys, also wants Quick drainage, reduce rainwater and washed away to the immersion of riding track and to slope surface.
（3）The nutrition soil layer for building vegetation growth, enables plant fast germination, takes root, solid soil is played in permanent growth
Bank protection acts on, and resist the elements erosion.
（4）It can resist the elements and invade before so that institute's sowing planting is formed bank protection ability using anti-erosion technology for recovering vegetation
Erosion, prevents hillock soil erosion of side slope.
（5）It must solve the problems, such as the maintenance of vegetation, can either implement to pour early period in vegetation growth, and side slope will not be caused
Water, soil, fertilizer are lost in.
Therefore, the present invention from hillock cut slope shaping and fire extinguishing, closing isolation, earthing, drainage system construct, Nutrition Soil structure
Build, revegetation, vegetation maintenance etc. seven aspect to hillock carry out comprehensive treatment.
Invention content
The present invention provides a kind of hillock eco-environment restoration comprehensive processing methods.
The technical solution adopted in the present invention is：A kind of hillock eco-environment restoration comprehensive processing method, including it is following
Step and content：（a）Hillock cut slope shaping and fire extinguishing engineering,（b）Closing isolation engineering,（c）Earthing engineering,（d）Semi-flexible
Quick drainage system engineering,（e）Nutrition Soil structure engineering,（f）Anti-erosion vegetation recovery engineering and（g）Vegetation curing system work
Journey sequentially forms closing separation layer, overburden layer, nutrition soil layer and anti-erosion hypothallus from inside to outside on spoil massif.
（a）The hillock cuts slope shaping and fire extinguishing engineering includes：Hillock cuts slope shaping and hillock fire extinguishing.
The hillock cuts slope shaping, it is first determined several important parameters, the spoil massif include riding track and side slope, institute
3~5m of riding track width is stated, the Slope is than 1：2~1：1.75, hang down between upper and lower two riding tracks a height of 4~7m；
The hillock cuts slope shaping methods, first from the bottom to top, according to the hillock side slope of above-mentioned determination, riding track parameter, by
Excavator and loading machine are cut slope shaping and are made real by excavator, riding track is compacted by road roller, it is ensured that hillock is steady after side slope molding
It is fixed.The whole slope of the present invention is molded main points：Consider hillock safety, stability first, secondly consider side slope LP blades, contain it is aqueous,
Fire prevention, draining, storage capacity, maintenance finally consider to be convenient for mechanical execution and beauty.Riding track width mainly considers that mechanical execution facilitates
Property.Above-mentioned Con trolling index is to have contemplated that safety, practicability, aesthetics, including follow-up water by theoretical calculation and practical proof
Canal, which stays, to be set, and vegetation curing system, excavator excavate shaping, earthing, construction of sowing grass seeds by duster, a full set of process of maintenance.Other foundation engineerings, such as
It blocks cash dam, periphery longitudinal drainage canal, culvert, stilling pond etc. and belongs to routine techniques content, no longer introduce；
The hillock fire extinguishing is first to search spoil area high temperature dot, spontaneous combustion area before whole slope by thermal imaging system, such as there is high temperature
Point, spontaneous combustion area, make fire extinguishing scheme in advance, during on whole slope, molding is implemented, aftershaping of first putting out a fire；Such as without fire, then directly carry out
The whole slope shaping work of hillock；
The waste dump extinguishing method, under normal circumstances, spontaneous combus tion of waste heap area, high temperature dot, substantially apart from spoil surface 2.5m
In deep range, therefore extinguishing method is directly to dig out spontaneous combustion or high temperature spoil by excavator in the case where professional commands, use colloid
Or mud fire extinguishing material directly covers fire extinguishing, is backfilling into spoil area after its cooling, and be molded, the mixing spray for slurry of putting out a fire
It penetrates and is completed by special-purpose machinery.Certainly, stringent Safety Technical Management measure is formulated before implementation, it is ensured that it is safe and reliable, it is special
Different situation formulates special security technology scheme.
（b）The closing isolation engineering is to increase closing separation layer between spoil area and vegetation growth area, by spoil area
All closing isolation, using closing the airtight of separation layer, antiseepage, heat insulating function and firm, durable characteristic, by hillock
Harm is thoroughly eliminated, and is laid the first stone for next step ecological recovery.Concretely it is exactly：
It prevents outside air from entering spoil area using tight function, prevents exothermic oxidation reaction, spontaneous fire occurs；Simultaneously
The toxic and harmful gas in spoil area is prevented to enter vegetation growth area and atmosphere；
Rainwater etc. is blocked in outside spoil area using antiseepage function, prevents from accelerating spoil oxidation；Prevent percolate harm week
Side soil and groundwater；It prevents from rainwater infiltration from destroying spoil area to stablize；
Enter spoil area using heat insulating function isolation outside heat, there is good accumulation of heat condition in spoil area, while completely cutting off spoil area
Heat conduction, which enters vegetation region, influences vegetation growth, especially slope surface on the sunny side；
Using the firm wear properties of closing separation layer, prevents to pierce under the tree root in vegetation growth area into spoil area, generates disturbance,
Spoil area is influenced to stablize, at the same be also prevented from rainwater, air enters spoil area by tree root circumferential crack.
Closing separation layer can also put out a fire, but the period will be grown, and major function is fire prevention.If directly fire extinguishing is difficult, can also adopt
Take closing isolation extinguishing method.It determines as the case may be.
The closing separation layer is that mixed slurry is sprayed on hillock surface solidification to form, and mixed slurry includes inorganic material
Material, polymer, fiber, additive and water；Wherein, the inorganic material weight proportion is 20~75%, and the inorganic material includes
Cement, calcium carbonate, cement flue Dust（CKD）, silicon ash, Cab-O-sil, bentonite, slag, at least two in quartz sand, be powder
Shape, one of which are cement；Wherein, cement flue Dust, silicon ash, slag are industrial solid castoff, are removed using above-mentioned inorganic matter
Outside as filler material, it is alternatively arranged as airtight, heat-insulated, antiseepage, water-proof function materials'use, while cost, protection ring can be reduced
Border；Cab-O-sil, swelling earth removal are used as fire prevention, thermal insulation material, also act as impervious material；Quartz sand（Powder）, calcium carbonate be conventional
Filler material and close material.Above-mentioned inorganic matter is conventional commercial material or waste.Preferably, the inorganic matter is in mixture
In weight proportion be 40~70%；
Wherein, the polymer weight proportioning is 0.2~5%, and the polymer includes one in polyvinyl alcohol, rubber powder, cellulose
Kind, the cellulose includes methylcellulose, hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose, hydroxyethyl cellulose, hydroxymethyl cellulose, ethyl first
At least one of base cellulose；Polymer is water-soluble polymer, and above-mentioned polymer not only provides adhesivity, thicken,
On the other hand flexibility also has antiseepage, tight function.Preferably, the weight proportion of the polymer in the mixture be 0.5~
4%, it is further 0.8~3%；
Wherein, the fibre weight proportioning is 0.05~5%, and the fiber includes at least one in glass fibre, synthetic fibers
Kind, the synthetic fibers include at least one of polyethylene, polypropylene, polyvinyl chloride, makrolon, nylon；Wherein fiber
Length is 6~12mm；Fiber of the present invention is the integrality that isolated material is closed for enhancing, prevents separation from cracking, and enhances toughness,
It is suitable for the slight sedimentation and deformation of massif.Preferably, the weight proportion of the fibre weight in the mixture is 0.1~3%；
Wherein, the weight of additive proportioning is 0.05~2%, and the additive includes in water-reducing agent, compacting agent, permeability-reducing admixture
At least one, the water-reducing agent include at least one of naphthalene water reducer, melamine system water reducer, wherein the diminishing
Agent is to be matched with cement, and the effect of water-reducing agent is used, can individually make to reduce aquation ratio when using cement
With, can also be used in mixed way with compacting agent or permeability-reducing admixture one kind, but toatl proportion be no more than 2%.Compacting agent and permeability-reducing admixture predominantly increase
It seals up the density closed in isolated material and barrier properties and uses, can use, also can be used alone simultaneously, it is preferred that usage amount is
The 0.1~2% of mixture weight；
Wherein, surplus is water in the mixed slurry, and the water is the water source that construction site can be provided, and meets environmental requirement i.e.
It can.
Further, the mixed slurry of the closing separation layer further includes pigment, and the pigment is mortar pigment or aqueous
Pigment, the pigment adding proportion are the 0.03~0.1% of mixed slurry weight ratio.
The closing partition method is that the water of sufficient amount is first added in stirring container, and fiber is added；Polymer is added to stir
It mixes；Doping；It is eventually adding inorganic matter and pigment；It before mixed slurry spraying, not stop stirring, prevent mixed slurry solidifying
Gu in stirring container；Stirring carries out preferably in a manner of mechanical agitation.Before spraying, first puts spoil slope surface in order and to be sprayed
Position, hillock riding track platform is compacted with road roller, the leveling of side slope hook machine makes real, then by it is above-mentioned be stirred it is mixed
It closes slurry fluid power or air-powered pump sprays to hillock surface.Commercially available hydroseeder is preferred, carries stirring and spraying equipment, it can
Hydroseeder is placed on truck mobile use.Special place, can be by high-power sand（Mud）Stock pump is fixed on a certain place, connects
High-pressure hose extends near point spraying.Coating thickness is 10-50mm.After the completion of spraying, solidify within general 10-20 hours, you can shape
At closing separation layer.
The earthing engineering is to cover loess on the surface of closing separation layer, is provided for lower step revegetation and takes root growth sky
Between.Riding track thickness of earth covering is generally 50~100cm, and whether loess thickness depends on whether plantation deep-rootedness arbor, and build
Water channel.Thickness of earth covering is generally 20~50cm in side slope, main to consider vegetation growth working depth, and side slope is it is not recommended that plantation is tall
Wood is advisable with grass, shrub, and thickness 30cm is preferred；
In addition, above-mentioned covering loess thickness is overall thickness, includes follow-up nutrient matrix thickness to be offered, to have been tied according to soil is surveyed
Fruit, the soil organism, nutrition situation, it is final to determine really covering loess thickness, nutrition soil thickness is reserved in advance.It covers
Generally using automobile muck haulage, soil, excavator shakeout native machinery, hand fit's partial trim.Around here note that riding track, platform cannot
Earthing is too compacted, vegetation growth is unfavorable for.
The semi-flexible Quick drainage system engineering is that drainage system is built on overburden layer, is all provided in each riding track
Transverse drainage canal is set, transverse drainage canal both ends are connected to over-the-counter longitudinal drainage canal respectively, and rainwater passes through in slope surface and riding track
Transverse drainage canal flows to over-the-counter longitudinal drainage canal, to which hillock region be discharged；In the transverse drainage canal is arranged on riding track
At side 1/3 or at 1.0~1.5m away from Slope bottom so that the water to get off from side slope is buffered, and reduces the rain that slope surface is got off
Water flow velocity, rainwater will not be flushed to because of inertia on riding track, while silt is blocked in side slope bottom by settlement or by grass, reduces
The silt that side slope rainwater is mingled with is directly entered transverse drainage canal, causes to deposit, and influences to drain, while considering transverse drainage canal place
Position is frequently rolled due to construction machinery, most closely knit, sedimentation possibility minimum at this, and stability is best；The drainage ditch will
Riding track is divided into inside platform and outside platform, and for the inside platform with drainage ditch in a horizontal plane, the outside platform is anti-
Shelving, gradient α are 2~6%, ensure that the rainwater that rainwater and upper slope on riding track flow down smoothly flows into riding track transverse drainage canal,
The rainwater avoided on riding track washes away lower part side slope surface；The transverse drainage canal is half-flexible water drainage canal, existing rigidity
The intensity of water channel, and the toughness of flexible water channel realize the dual function of anti-settling and Quick drainage；The half-flexible water drainage canal
For the drainage ditch of HDPE materials or resin concrete material, inner wall smooth is anticorrosive, and draining is rapid.Its antifreeze properties, Neng Gouying
Influence to high and cold weather to it；In order to reduce resistance of water drainage, accelerate drainage speed, the transverse drainage canal section be it is U-shaped,
With larger water delivery, transportability of sediments；Height, both sides are low among the transverse drainage canal transverse direction bottom surface, convenient in transverse drainage canal
Rainwater can be discharged to over-the-counter longitudinal drainage canal as early as possible；Preferably, the drainage grade β of transverse drainage canal bottom surface is 2~5 ‰；
The transverse drainage canal is formed by connecting by the U-shaped drainage ditch of linear finished product of multiple HDPE or resin concrete material, specification 200
~300mm wide, 300~450mm high, single-unit length 500mm.Generally pass through son between the U-shaped drainage ditch of the linear finished products of HDPE
Master card slot connects, and in order to strictly prevent being oozed under draining, the card slot seam between the U-shaped drainage ditch of the linear finished products of HDPE uses waterproof
Fluid sealant（Such as pitch silica gel）Uniformly smear.Sediment siltation in order to prevent, along water (flow) direction every 40 in the transverse drainage canal
Settling pit is arranged in~50m；
The semi-flexible Quick drainage system for being exclusively used in hillock improvement, can either anti-settling, and can sediment prevention siltation, and tie
A variety of optimization designs are closed, quickly the rainwater on hillock can be discharged outside the venue, avoid rainwater from constituting a threat to hillock, protect simultaneously
Safe edge slope.
The semi-flexible Quick drainage system advantage：
1. overcome the deficiency of existing drainage system, can grafting group it is integral, the toughness of half-flexible water drainage canal is utilized, resists
Hillock settles the destruction to water channel；Simultaneously using the slickness of HDPE materials and resin concrete material, drainage ditch mud is solved
Husky siltation problem；Using the tightness of HDPE material seams, rain leakage is prevented；The high-strength, corrosion-resistant of HDPE materials, longevity simultaneously
Life is long, freeze proof, installs, replaces the features such as facilitating, and is provided a strong guarantee for being used for a long time for drainage ditch；
2. the optimization design and many kinds of measures of drainage system develop simultaneously.The U-shaped section of transverse drainage canal, intermediate high both sides are low and counter-slope
Design enables rainwater faster, more to reduce sediment siltation to which discharge is over-the-counter into transverse drainage canal, reduce
Soil erosion reduces immersion of the rainwater to slope surface and riding track, lays a good foundation for hillock safety and stablization.
The Nutrition Soil builds engineering, specifically includes：a）Soil moved in improve the original nutrient detects：3~10 parts of soil moved in improve the original samples are taken, in soil
Nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium content and pH value are detected, and are averaged；b）By calculating, reasonable disposition chemical fertilizer：It is detected according to soil moved in improve the original nutrient
As a result, and each a great number of elements index of fertility degree to be achieved fertilizer requirement is calculated using nutrient balance method；c）Nutrition Soil
It prepares and spraying covers：The various raw materials for preparing Nutrition Soil are mixed, adds water to be sufficiently stirred and slurries is made, PH conditioners are added,
Slurries are adjusted to the acid-base value suitable for institute's plant growth, slurries are then sprayed on hillock overburden layer table by hydroseeder
Face constitutes the nutrition soil layer of vegetation growth, one or many can spray, makes its thickness up to 8~30cm；
The Nutrition Soil includes following substance and weight proportion：20000~35000 parts of soil moved in improve the original, 1000~3000 parts of flyash,
1000~2500 parts of organic matter, 3~8 parts of decomposing agent, 300~1000 parts of lignite, 30~100 parts of fertilizer；Wherein, the visitor
Soil is hillock periphery wasteland, waste valley or deserted mountain loess, and the flyash is the flyash generated in coal-burning power plant's production process,
Flyash has density small, and gap is big, is equivalent to sand soil, thicker than clay particle, thinner than sand grains, can optimize soil
Grain granularmetric composition, improves soil texture, improves aeration, the water penetration of clay, enhancing soil and extraneous heat-exchange capacity, carries
The retentiveness of high sandy soil improves drought-resistant ability, while promoting benign development and the plant health life of soil microbial community
It is long.Flyash color is deeper, enhances soil absorption sunlight intensity, improves ground temperature, enhances microbial activity, promotes plant life
It is long.Flyash is using II grade industrial or more.The organic matter refers to straw, including 300~500 parts of grass fibers, further includes wheat
At least one of stalk, maize straw, corncob, rice husk or sawdust；Organic matter is flexibly matched according to local circumstance, effect
In addition to the nutrients such as organic matter, nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium are provided, while there is chesson, water conservation, heat preservation, sustained release liquid manure effect again.
It can be 2~5cm that wherein grass fiber, which acts the solid soil that interweaves, prevents plurosion, length,.Other straws should be crushed to directly
The graininess of 3~5mm of diameter.The organic matter is used cooperatively with the decomposing agent, and the present invention is direct fermentation in soil in the ground
Stalk saves fermentation place and fermentation time in this way.Wherein, the decomposing agent can quickly start fermentation decomposition mistake to stalk
Journey, cellulose, hemicellulose, lignin in quick decomposition organic matter, gradually discharges part available nutrient, generates and promotes plant
The substance of growth, at the same can fixed nitrogen, phosphorus decomposing, potassium decomposing, increase soil nutrient, improve soil texture, improve chemical fertilizer utilization ratio.In corruption
During ripe, ground temperature can also be increased, promote vegetation fast germination, growth, quickly protect side slope.Wherein, the lignite contains
A large amount of humic acid, can promote growth and development of plants, adjust P in soil H values, improve soil water-reataining fertilizer-keeping ability, adjust the soil water,
Fertilizer, air and heat situation enhance stress resistance of plant, improve utilization rate of nitrogen fertilizer, are sustained phosphorus.In addition lignite can increase the gas permeability of soil,
Improve soil texture.60~80 mesh of lignite granularity.Wherein, the fertilizer is chemical fertilizer, generally nitrogenous fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer, potash fertilizer, for carrying
High soil fertility.Since the soil fertility difference in each plot is very big, it is necessary to be carried out to a great number of elements such as the nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium of soil
Detection, the scarce nutrient of institute, reasonable disposition fertilizer make Nutrition Soil reach certain fertility standard according to testing result and in soil.Nitrogenous fertilizer
For urea, ammonium nitrate, ammonium sulfate, ammonium hydrogen carbonate, ammonium chloride, calcium nitrate, sodium nitrate, phosphate fertilizer be calcium superphosphate, double superhosphate,
Calcium magnesium phosphate, potash fertilizer are calcium chloride, potassium sulfate, plant ash, flue ash potash.
The Nutrition Soil advantage：
1, survey earth foundation on determine drainage scheme, science, rationally, it is highly practical compared with prior art, plant support
Divide comprehensive, balanced；
2, soil and water body will not be polluted, safety of human and livestock is influenced because of overfertilization；
3, as needed with applying quick-acting fertilizer, in combination with straw-returning, can fast onset, make plant fast germination, growth, again
It can be sustained nutrient, permanent power is provided for plant growth；
4, it is loose not only to have contained water for Nutrition Soil, but also mutually bonds, and soil granular is promoted to be formed as early as possible, reduces rain drop erosion to nutritive layer
It influences；
5, matched material is simple, easily purchases, of low cost.
The anti-erosion vegetation recovery engineering is exactly anti-erosion matrix mixed slurry of sowing grass seeds by duster on nutrition soil layer, forms anti-invade
Lose hypothallus, the anti-erosion vegetable layer has the characteristics that water conservation, fertilizer conservation, erosion-resistant；
The anti-erosion matrix mixed slurry includes anti-erosion substrate mixture and vegetable seeds；Wherein, the anti-erosion matrix
Mixture composition is counted as follows in parts by weight：600~1200 parts of bentonite, 200~600 parts of zeolite, 20~40 parts of fulvic acid, wood
1400~2600 parts of fiber, 20~100 parts of polymer, 0.5~2 part of synthetic fibers；The bentonite is natural minerals, main
It is montmorillonite to want ingredient, and unique texture makes it have stronger water imbibition, dilatancy, adsorptivity, dispersibility, adherence, sun
Ion exchangeable, preservation capacity of water and fertility have good slow release effect to fertilizer, and have the macro- and trace-element needed for plant,
A variety of nutrition are provided for plant.Bentonitic viscosity can be such that anti-erosion matrix slurries preferably adhere on the face of sowing grass seeds by duster.It is described swollen
Profit soil is sodium base or calcium base, and granule size can be 100~200 mesh.Wherein, the zeolite has adsorptivity and very high ion
Exchange velocity, it is unique to be acted in improvement soil and in terms of playing liquid manure effect, can reduce soil acidity or alkalinity, keeps moisture, improves
Utilization rate of fertilizer and extension action time.Its grain size is less than 3mm.Wherein, the fulvic acid is one kind of humic acid, is organic gel
Body substance has powerful water absorbing capacity, there is stronger water conservation, nutrient preserving capability, has significant synergistic effect to chemical fertilizer, can effectively promote
Into quick growth of plant, enhance crop anti-adversity.Size can be 100~200 mesh powderies.Wherein, the wood-fibred organic matter
Content is high, and water retention property is good, and water absorption is big, and it is slowly uniform to release water, can preferably be merged with seed, fertilizer, can prevent wind and rain
Erosion to topsoil improves soil texture.Its abundant organic matter is conducive to microorganism and grows, promote soil-ripening, increases
Soil fertility, water moisture self restraint and fertilizer provide adequate water and nutrient for plant growth.The vegetation later stage, can natural degradation be it is organic
Fertilizer provides long-term nutrient for plant.Length can be 0.7~5mm.The polymer is water-dispersible fiber element polymer, packet
Include methylcellulose, ethylhydroxyethylcellulose, carboxymethyl cellulose, ethylmethylcellulose, hydroxyethyl cellulose, hydroxypropyl
At least one of cellulose, hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose；The synthetic fibers are used to improve the erosion-resisting characteristics of hypothallus, can
Think the pencil monfil of polypropylene fibre, polyvinyl chloride fibre, polyethylene fibre, cyclization, fibre diameter can
Think 18 μm, length can be 3mm or 6mm.Root system should be selected to send out to prevent slope surface by rain erosion according to hillock feature
Reach, be drought-enduring, impoverishment tolerant, covering power are strong, it is adaptable, can low level management grass, fill plant.Consider hillock slope surface earthing compared with
Thin, arbor takes root too deeply, therefore it is not recommended that selects arbor.Grass fills combination, can establish steroscopic phytobiocenose, realizes multigroup kind, multilayer
Secondary, multi-functional advantageous combination and natural deduction.Cool-season grasses such as English ryegrass, Festuca Arundinacea, red fescue, annual bluegrass etc.,
False indigo, caragana microphylla, shrub lespedeza etc. can be selected in season type grass such as Korea lawn grass, Bermuda grass etc., shrub, can unicast also mixed seeding.To make
Plant early germinates, some fertilizer, such as composite fertilizer can be added；
Mixed slurry is uniformly sprayed by hydroseeder on nutrition soil layer, 5-20mm of coating thickness.
The vegetation curing system engineering mainly solves hillock side slope maintenance problem, accelerates vegetation growth, avoids simultaneously
The destruction of conventional vegetation maintenance side slope, realizes large area, low cost, all standing, conserves uniform, efficient purpose.Specific packet
It includes：The vegetation curing system includes vibration means for main pipe for supplying water, water supply branch pipe, fine-spraying belt, filter, threeway, cistern, water pump；It is described
Vibration means for main pipe for supplying water is among hillock or side is longitudinally laid with from top to bottom, when riding track length is excessive, to reduce drag losses, institute
Vibration means for main pipe for supplying water from top to bottom longitudinal laying among hillock is stated, is supplied water to two side branch, the vibration means for main pipe for supplying water is gone out by both sides
Water or side water outlet are connect with water supply branch pipe, and the water supply branch pipe is transversely laid on riding track, every on the water supply branch pipe
It is equal every the spacing of threeway in 1~4m installation threeways, same riding track, ensure that the water yield of fine-spraying belt on same riding track is equal；By
It is connect with cistern by water pump in the upper end of the longitudinally disposed of vibration means for main pipe for supplying water, the vibration means for main pipe for supplying water, the confession of water pump can be reduced
Water pressure, while the intake pressure of branch pipe is more than the intake pressure on the riding track of top on the riding track of lower section, so micro- on the riding track of lower section
The sprinkling covering surface for spraying band is more than the sprinkling covering surface of fine-spraying belt on the riding track of top, therefore designs each riding track than upper riding track threeway
Spacing increase by 10~20%, the water outlet of each threeway connect with fine-spraying belt, so the fine-spraying belt of the upper and lower riding track of guarantee
Water spray is uniform；Since the static pressure of same fine-spraying belt upper end is less than lower end static pressure, thus the water yield on same fine-spraying belt top is small
In lower part water yield, and water can from top to bottom be lost in part in side slope, therefore, the fine-spraying belt along longitudinal direction from riding track, side slope, under
The first half of one riding track to next side slope is arranged from top to bottom；The relatively big yield of fine-spraying belt end on a riding track is used to make up
Next smaller water in fine-spraying belt top, so that it is guaranteed that the water requirement on side slope top.The upper end of the vibration means for main pipe for supplying water by water pump with
Cistern connects.The spray effect of, flow velocity small using the flow of micro irrigation technology slowly, as drizzle effectively moistens vegetation and root soil
Earth feature conserves problem to solve hillock high gradient slope vegetation, avoids washing away for water, soil, fertilizer loss and flow side slope,
Simultaneously by the appropriate coincidence of neighbouring fine-spraying belt, enhance the fountain height above each side slope, by adjusting micro- between riding track
The spacing for spraying band improves the uniformity of sprinkling.Check-valves, the vibration means for main pipe for supplying water are also associated between the vibration means for main pipe for supplying water and water pump
Fertilizer applicator and filter are connected between check-valves.
Further, the fine-spraying belt is along longitudinal direction from riding track, a quarter of side slope, next riding track, next side slope
It is arranged from top to bottom to half.For the ease of automatically controlling, close to the water inlet of vibration means for main pipe for supplying water on the water supply branch pipe
Place is equipped with solenoid valve.In order to adapt to hillock landform, the water supply branch pipe and the vibration means for main pipe for supplying water are all made of PE hoses or hard tube,
The vibration means for main pipe for supplying water is connect with water supply branch pipe by four-way or threeway.The solenoid valve, water pump are controlled by cable and center
Device connection processed.The water outlet of each threeway is connect by quick coupling with fine-spraying belt, easy to disassemble and installation.The water storage
Pond is mine Treated sewage reusing pond or rainwater collection pool.
The vegetation curing system has the following advantages：
1, water supply branch pipe is horizontally disposed along riding track, and installation is simple, quick, easy to maintain, influences small, fine-spraying belt to vegetation area
It is longitudinal to arrange from top to bottom, it does things by following nature, without special fixed；
2, slope surface top water requirement lower part is big, and the ingenious relatively big yield using upper fine-spraying belt end of the invention makes up next micro-
Spray is with the small deficiency of the top water that static pressure is brought；
3, slight irrigation is carried out with fine-spraying belt, water yield is small, and flow velocity is slow, and the duration is long, has to the soil of vegetation root good wet
Moisten effect, will not side slope cause to corrode, it is ensured that the safety and stabilization of hillock.
4, water, fertilizer integration maintenance can be realized by configuring fertilizer applicator, meets vegetation growth needs, soil infiltration is uniform,
Water, fertile utilization rate are high, and maintenance effect is good；Configuration humidity sensor, nutrient sensor can realize intelligent vegetation maintenance.
5, adaptation to the ground, all standing, no dead angle is convenient, flexible, convenient for automatically controlling, invests small, water-saving, saving of labor, work
It measures small.
6, material is light, and installation is simple, not easy to lose, and pipeline is managed using PE, has antifreeze effect, whole system cost
It is low, suitable for large area vegetation maintenance.
Beneficial effects of the present invention：
Slope and semi-flexible Quick drainage system are cut by rational hillock, it is ensured that hillock is safe and stable；It is gone out by hillock
The harm in spoil area is eliminated in fire and closing isolation；It is improved by scientific and reasonable soil moved in improve the original, vegetation is made to grow quickly, for a long time；It is logical
Anti-erosion technology for recovering vegetation is crossed, the erosion for the side slope that resists the elements；Hillock side slope vegetation is solved by vegetation curing system
It pours, fertilising problem, prevents hillock soil erosion of side slope.It is multi-pronged from above-mentioned seven key points, prevent spontaneous combus tion of waste heap
Harm to environment quickly forms phytobiocoenose, realizes that mine entironment restores.
Description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is administering method process flow chart of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is governing system structural schematic diagram of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is the sectional view of transverse drainage canal of the present invention.
Fig. 4 is vegetation curing system structural schematic diagram of the present invention（Vibration means for main pipe for supplying water intermediate arrangement）.
Fig. 5 is another structural schematic diagram of vegetation curing system of the present invention（Vibration means for main pipe for supplying water side is arranged）.
Fig. 6 is practice of construction design sketch of the present invention, wherein Fig. 6（a）Hillock cuts slope shaping and fire extinguishing engineering construction effect
Figure；Fig. 6（b）Engineering construction design sketch is isolated for closing；Fig. 6（c）Earthing engineering construction design sketch；Fig. 6（d）Semi-flexible is quickly arranged
Water system engineering construction design sketch；Fig. 6（e）Nutrition Soil builds engineering construction design sketch；Fig. 6（f）Anti-erosion vegetation recovery engineering
Construction effect figure；Fig. 6（g）Vegetation curing system engineering construction design sketch；Fig. 6（h）1 after half a month vegetation growth situation construction effect
Fruit is schemed.
Specific implementation mode
Present disclosure is further elaborated with reference to specific embodiment, but embodiment is only of the invention
Better embodiment, therefore the equivalence changes that all features and principle according to described in present patent application range are done, are included in
Within the scope of present patent application.
Such as Fig. 1, shown in 2, a kind of hillock eco-environment restoration comprehensive processing method includes the following steps and content：（a）
Hillock cut slope shaping and fire extinguishing engineering,（b）Closing isolation engineering,（c）Earthing engineering,（d）Semi-flexible Quick drainage system work
Journey,（e）Nutrition Soil structure engineering,（f）Anti-erosion vegetation recovery engineering and（g）Vegetation curing system engineering, on spoil massif 1
Closing separation layer 2, overburden layer 3, nutrition soil layer 4 and anti-erosion hypothallus 5 are sequentially formed from inside to outside.
Such as Fig. 2, shown in 3, the semi-flexible Quick drainage system engineering is to build drainage system on overburden layer 3；
The drainage system specifically includes：Each riding track 6 is respectively provided with transverse drainage canal 8,8 both ends of transverse drainage canal point
It is not connected to over-the-counter longitudinal drainage canal；The transverse drainage canal 8 is arranged on riding track 6 inside 1/3 or away from 7 bottom of slope 1.0 of side slope
At~1.5m；Riding track 6 is divided into inside platform 601 and outside platform 602 by the transverse drainage canal 8, the inside platform 601 with
For transverse drainage canal 8 in a horizontal plane, the outside platform 602 is counter-slope type, and gradient α is 2~6%；The transverse drainage canal 8
For half-flexible water drainage canal, the half-flexible water drainage canal is HDPE materials or resin concrete material；8 section of transverse drainage canal
To be U-shaped, height, both sides are low among the lateral bottom surface of the transverse drainage canal 8.
The drainage grade β of 8 bottom surface of transverse drainage canal is 2~5 ‰；It is every along water (flow) direction in the transverse drainage canal 8
Every 40~50m, settling pit 19 is set.
Such as Fig. 4, shown in 5, the vegetation curing system engineering builds vegetation curing system, specifically includes：The vegetation
Curing system includes vibration means for main pipe for supplying water 9, water supply branch pipe 10, fine-spraying belt 11, filter 17, threeway 12, cistern 13, water pump 14；Institute
Vibration means for main pipe for supplying water 9 is stated among hillock or side is longitudinally laid with from top to bottom, the vibration means for main pipe for supplying water 9 passes through both sides water outlet or one
Side water outlet connect with water supply branch pipe 10, the water supply branch pipe 10 is transversely laid on riding track 6, on the water supply branch pipe 10 every
1~4m installs threeway 12, and the spacing of threeway 12 is equal on same riding track 6, and each riding track 6 is than between 6 threeway 12 of a upper riding track
Away from increase by 10~20%, the water outlet of each threeway 12 is connect with fine-spraying belt 11, the fine-spraying belt 11 along longitudinal direction from riding track 6,
Side slope 7, next riding track 6 to next side slope 7 the first half arrange from top to bottom；The upper end of the vibration means for main pipe for supplying water 9 passes through water
Pump 14 is connect with cistern 13.Be also associated with check-valves 15 between the vibration means for main pipe for supplying water 9 and water pump 14, the vibration means for main pipe for supplying water 9 with
Fertilizer applicator 16 and filter 17 are connected between check-valves 15；Fine-spraying belt 11 is along longitudinal direction from horse described in the vegetation curing system
Road 6, side slope 7 are arranged from top to bottom at a quarter to half of next riding track 6 to next side slope 7；The water supply
On branch pipe 10 solenoid valve 18 is equipped with close to the water inlet of vibration means for main pipe for supplying water 9；The water supply branch pipe 10 and the vibration means for main pipe for supplying water 9 are adopted
With PE hoses or hard tube, the vibration means for main pipe for supplying water 9 is connect with water supply branch pipe 10 by four-way or threeway；The solenoid valve 18 and water
Pump 14 is connect by cable with central controller；The water outlet of each threeway 12 is connected by quick coupling and fine-spraying belt 11
It connects；The cistern 13 is mine Treated sewage reusing pond or rainwater collection pool.
As shown in fig. 6, being practice of construction design sketch of the present invention, wherein Fig. 6（a）Hillock cuts slope shaping and fire extinguishing engineering
Construction effect figure；Fig. 6（b）Engineering construction design sketch is isolated for closing；Fig. 6（c）Earthing engineering construction design sketch；Fig. 6（d）Half is soft
Property Quick drainage system engineering construction effect figure；Fig. 6（e）Nutrition Soil builds engineering construction design sketch；Fig. 6（f）Anti-erosion vegetation
Restore engineering construction design sketch；Fig. 6（g）Vegetation curing system engineering construction design sketch；Fig. 6（h）1 vegetation growth feelings after half a month
Condition construction effect figure.
Embodiment one
Shanxi energy group Changzhi branch company Wang Zhuan coal industry hillock eco-environment restorations administer pilot and demonstration projects embodiment
Wang Zhuan coal industry barrows are located in the natural waste valley of mine industrial sites south about 300m.The waste valley south-north direction, landform north
High south is low, is about 280m, wide about 150m, deep about 35m, floor space 3.08hm2.The hillock forms 7 grades of steps after closing, often
Grade step height difference is 5m, and final top platform absolute altitude is 1110m.Hillock improvement is taken administers by stages, is administered in production, directly
To library is closed, 1,200,000 tons of heap cash at present.
（a）Hillock cuts slope shaping and fire extinguishing engineering
1, hillock cuts slope shaping engineering
Such as Fig. 6（a）It is shown, the revegetation of the hillock gradient and classification riding track height difference to the stability and next step of hillock
Influence is very big, and the gradient is excessive, is not only easy to cause the geological disasters such as avalanche, landslide, mud-rock flow, but also is subject to rainwater punching
Brush, and rainwater should not be retained, unfavorable plant growth, the gradient is too small, influences storage capacity, according to this project reality, designs spoil
The side slope 7 of massif 1 is with 1：2 gradient slope, 7 vertical height 5m of side slope.For the ease of mechanical execution, 6 width of riding track should not mistake
Small, this programme is designed as 5m.
Spoil cuts slope and initially forms first riding track 6 from existing gear cash wall displacement, then slope, and so on, totally seven
6 seven grades of steps of a riding track, height difference 35m.Above-mentioned work is completed by excavator and loading machine.Builder is responsible for measuring and position.
Other foundation engineerings：It such as blocks cash dam, periphery longitudinal drainage canal, culvert, stilling pond and belongs to routine techniques content, no longer
It introduces.
2, hillock fire extinguishing engineering
Period scans hillock by thermal imaging system by professional technician, searches high temperature dot, have high temperature dot position by excavator
It excavates, high temperature spoil is dug out, then the good mud of configured in advance is covered into cooling by hydroseeder, backfilled after its cooling.Cut slope
Afterwards, direct whole slope, repaiies slope, is compacted riding track with road roller, side slope is made real with excavator.
（b）Closing isolation engineering
Such as Fig. 6（b）It is shown, check molded side slope, riding track with thermal imaging system again, behind no high temperature exceptions area, start closing every
The construction of absciss layer 2.
Using equipment：Hydroseeder, model HKP-125, volume 8m3, power 125kw.
By weight, 800 parts of water are added in stirring container, then sequentially add 20 parts of glass fibre；Rubber powder 40 is added
Part, it stirs evenly；5 parts of naphthalene water reducer is added, 5 parts of compacting agent is eventually adding 400 parts of cement, 200 parts of Cab-O-sil, calcium carbonate
300 parts, 1 part of mill base stirs evenly, mixed slurry is made.
Mixed slurry is sprayed into hillock surface, coating thickness 30mm by hydroseeder.Solidification forms envelope after 10 hours
Separation layer is closed, oxygen barrier, antiseepage, heat-insulated, firm durable is played.
（c）Earthing engineering
Such as Fig. 6（c）It is shown, after closing the solidification of separation layer 2, coordinate dumper from the specified roping of fetching earth in periphery using excavator
Loess is covered on closing separation layer 2,6 thickness of earth covering 900mm of riding track, 7 thickness of earth covering 200mm of side slope, with excavator to riding track
6 and 7 earthing of side slope shakeout, constitute overburden layer 3.
（d）Semi-flexible Quick drainage system engineering
Such as Fig. 6（d）Shown, Wang Zhuan Gangue Hill administration project Water drainage system designs are：Each riding track 6 designs transverse drainage
Canal 8, for the inside platform 601 of hillock riding track 6 with transverse drainage canal 8 in a horizontal plane, outside platform 602 is counter-slope type, slope
It is 5% to spend α, and high among the lateral bottom surface of transverse drainage canal 8, both sides are low, and drainage grade β is 3 ‰, and drainage ditch is located at away from top side slope 7
At bottom of slope 1.2m.
The basic bottom of transverse drainage canal 8 uses plain concrete cushion layer, and the U-shaped draining of the linear finished products of HDPE is laid with using grafting one by one
Canal, specification are 300 × 350mm, often save 500mm, and connection type is primary and secondary card slot type.8 side wall of the transverse drainage canal filling element
Concrete so that the joint face between the transverse drainage canal 8 and riding track 6 is flushed with 6 surface of riding track.To keep water channel more tight
It is close, use pitch silica gel（Waterproof gasket cement）It is uniformly applied at adjacent row water channel interface card slot seam, after the completion of smearing, card is stitched
Locate extra sealant to clean out.Drainage system is formal before use, cleaning drainage ditch sundries, it is ensured that drainage ditch is unblocked.
6 transverse drainage canal 8 of each riding track is connect with periphery longitudinal drainage canal, and spoil mountain area is discharged by longitudinal drainage canal in rainwater
Domain.
The hillock is collected to transverse drainage canal and rapidly flows toward week after several heavy rain, side slope rainwater and flat surface water
Side drainage ditch.Rain rear platform surface does not have ponding.
（e）Nutrition Soil builds engineering
Soil moved in improve the original used in the present embodiment uses periphery village wasteland loess, such as Fig. 6（e）It is shown.
1, soil moved in improve the original nutrient detects
3 parts of soil samples are taken, a great number of elements such as nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium in soil and pH value are detected, mean value is taken.
The full nitrogen of soil moved in improve the original is 0.588g/kg, and available phosphorus 5.81mg/kg, available potassium 136mg/kg respectively reach Pyatyi, four
Grade, three-level fertility, PH 8.04 show alkalinity.It is therefore seen that comparing level Four fertility standard, nitrogen, soil acid need to be only supplemented
Basicity is adjusted by adding acetic acid.
2, fertilizer amount calculates
It calculates fertilizer using nutrient balance method according to soil nutrient detected value and each a great number of elements index of level Four fertility and needs
Amount.
4 thickness 10cm of hillock nutrition soil layer, by calculating, hillock Nutrition Soil needs nitrogen fertilizer application 12.4kg, nitric acid per acre
Ammonium nitrogenous 35%, need to apply ammonium nitrate 35kg.
3, the configuration of Nutrition Soil and spraying application
30000 parts of soil moved in improve the original, 2800 parts of flyash, 1500 parts of Wheat Straw, 350 parts of grass fiber, 4 parts of decomposing agent, 800 parts of lignite, nitre
Above-mentioned raw materials are added in hydroseeder sour ammonium 35kg according to the ratio, add water to be sufficiently stirred and slurries are made, and acetic acid are added, by slurries PH
It adjusts to 7 or so, hillock earthing layer surface is sprayed on by hydroseeder, constitutes the nutrition soil layer 4 of vegetation growth.Coating thickness
100mm or so.
（f）Anti-erosion vegetation recovery engineering
1, matrix mixture is made of following components by weight：
800 parts of calcium-base bentonite, 300 parts of zeolite, 25 parts of fulvic acid, 2200 parts of wood-fibred, 50 parts of methylcellulose, polypropylene
1 part of fiber, above-mentioned material is mixed, is stirred evenly, and anti-erosion substrate mixture is made.
2, vegetable seeds selects
Select the herbaceous seeds such as Festuca Arundinacea, rye grass, annual bluegrass, mixed proportion 5：3：2, the amount of sowing grass seeds by duster 25g/m2.Shrub is selected purple
Fringe Chinese scholartree, the amount of sowing grass seeds by duster 8g/m2。
3, the outfit of anti-erosion matrix mixed slurry
It adds water at hydroseeder agitator tank a quarter, the stirring of anti-erosion substrate mixture is added, vegetable seeds is then added,
It adds water, is sufficiently stirred, until viscous paste is made.Add water to melt 5kg composite fertilizers, be added in agitator tank, in order to observe
Sow grass seeds by duster uniformity coefficient and instruction boundary, be added 2kg mill bases.
4, construction technology
Such as Fig. 6（f）It is shown, above-mentioned mixed slurry is uniformly sprayed on nutritive layer, anti-erosion hypothallus 5 is constituted, spraying is thick
Spend 10mm or so.
Through counting a heavy rain and a heavy rain one by one, hillock slope surface does not have any erosion, the rainwater in drainage ditch to contain sand
It measures relatively low.
（g）Vegetation curing system engineering
Such as Fig. 6（g）It is shown, after vegetation plantation, lay vibration means for main pipe for supplying water 9,9 diameter of vibration means for main pipe for supplying water from top to bottom in the middle part of hillock
D90 lays PE water supply branch pipe 10 in 6 outer ledge of each riding track, and vibration means for main pipe for supplying water 9 is connect with water supply branch pipe 10 by four-way 19,
10 a diameter of D90 of water supply branch pipe, the 6th riding track 6 every 2m install threeway 12, the five, the 4th, third, the second, first riding track 6 three
Logical 12 spacing is respectively 2.4m, 2.8m, 3.2m, 3.6m, 4.0m.At threeway 12 install 5 hole fine-spraying belts 11, fine-spraying belt 11 it is straight
Diameter is D40, the cloth from top to bottom from riding track 6, side slope 7, next riding track 6, the about half of next side slope 7 along longitudinal direction of fine-spraying belt 11
It sets, often saves the length of fine-spraying belt 11 in 23m or so, 11 end installed plug of fine-spraying belt.For the ease of automatically controlling, supplied at every time
10 front end of water branch pipe is installed by solenoid valve 18.Vibration means for main pipe for supplying water 9 is all made of PE hoses, water supply branch pipe 10 and hillock with water supply branch pipe 10
Intermediate vibration means for main pipe for supplying water 9 is connected by four-way.Installation is applied on the pipeline that vibration means for main pipe for supplying water 9 is connected by water pump 14 with cistern 13
Fertile device 16, filter 17, check-valves 16, whole system is automatically controlled by central controller.By actual motion, such as Fig. 6（h）Institute
Show, this system infiltrating irrigation is uniform, and effect is good, and without water and soil leakage, had both solved the vegetation maintenance problem of hillock, and had also ensured that
The safety and stability of hillock.
To 7 for the optional optimal enforcement example of the present invention, the administering method involved in embodiment all includes following example 2
（a）Hillock cut slope shaping and fire extinguishing engineering,（b）Closing isolation engineering,（c）Earthing engineering,（d）Semi-flexible Quick drainage system
Engineering,（e）Nutrition Soil structure engineering,（f）Anti-erosion vegetation recovery engineering and（g）Vegetation curing system engineering all includes coal
Spoil massif 1, closing separation layer 2, overburden layer 3, nutrition soil layer 4 and anti-erosion hypothallus 5, all have semi-flexible Quick drainage system
System and vegetation curing system, the gangue massif 1 all have riding track 6 and side slope 7, and specific embodiment is as follows：
Finally it should be noted that：The foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, is not intended to restrict the invention, although
Present invention has been described in detail with reference to the aforementioned embodiments, for those skilled in the art, still can be right
Technical solution recorded in foregoing embodiments is modified or equivalent replacement of some of the technical features.It is all
Within the spirit and principles in the present invention, any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement and so on should be included in the protection of the present invention
Within the scope of.
Claims (7)
1. a kind of hillock eco-environment restoration comprehensive processing method, which is characterized in that include the following steps and content：（a）Cash
Stone Mountain cut slope shaping and fire extinguishing engineering,（b）Closing isolation engineering,（c）Earthing engineering,（d）The system engineering of semi-flexible Quick drainage,
（e）Nutrition Soil structure engineering,（f）Anti-erosion vegetation recovery engineering and（g）Vegetation curing system engineering.
2. a kind of hillock eco-environment restoration comprehensive processing method according to claim 1, which is characterized in that（a）Institute
It states hillock and cuts slope shaping and fire extinguishing engineering, i.e., before whole slope, first search and confirm spoil area with the presence or absence of high temperature dot, spontaneous combustion area：
Such as there is high temperature dot, spontaneous combustion area, formulates fire extinguishing scheme in advance, in the whole slope molding of hillock is implemented, aftershaping of first putting out a fire, such as nothing
Fire is then done directly the whole slope shaping work of hillock, forms spoil massif（1）；
Wherein, the hillock cuts slope shaping, including riding track（6）And side slope（7）, the riding track（6）Width is 3~5m, side slope
（7）Slope ratio is 1：2~1：1.75, upper and lower two riding tracks（6）Between hang down a height of 4~7m；The hillock fire extinguishing is to use special machine
Injection colloid is mixed in tool or mud fire extinguishing material directly overlays the spontaneous combustion dug out or high-temperature region spoil, after its cooling again
Spoil area is backfilled, and is molded；
（b）The closing isolation engineering is in spoil massif（1）Surface increases a closing separation layer（2）, by spoil area whole
Closing isolation；
The closing separation layer（2）It is that mixed slurry is sprayed on spoil massif（1）Surface solidification forms, the mixed slurry packet
Include inorganic material, polymer, fiber, additive and water；Wherein, the inorganic material weight proportion is 20~75%, described inorganic
Material includes at least two in cement, calcium carbonate, cement flue Dust, silicon ash, Cab-O-sil, bentonite, slag, quartz sand, is
Powdered, one of which is cement；Wherein, the polymer weight proportioning is 0.2~5%, and the polymer includes polyethylene
One kind in alcohol, rubber powder, cellulose, the cellulose include methylcellulose, hydroxyethyl cellulose, hydroxymethyl cellulose, second
At least one of ylmethyl cellulose, hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose；Wherein, the fibre weight proportioning is 0.05~5%, institute
It includes at least one of glass fibre, synthetic fibers to state fiber, and the synthetic fibers include polyethylene, polypropylene, polychlorostyrene second
At least one of alkene, makrolon, nylon；Wherein fibre length is 6~12mm；Wherein, the weight of additive proportioning is
0.05~2%, the additive includes at least one of water-reducing agent, compacting agent, permeability-reducing admixture, and the water-reducing agent includes that naphthalene system subtracts
At least one of aqua, melamine system water reducer, wherein the water-reducing agent is matched with cement；It is remaining in mixed slurry
Amount is water；
Engineering construction method is isolated in the closing：In stirring container, the water of sufficient amount is first added, fiber is added；It is added poly-
Close object stirring；Doping；It is eventually adding inorganic matter；Spoil massif is sprayed on after stirring evenly（1）Surface, coating thickness are
10—50mm；
（c）The earthing engineering is in closing separation layer（2）Surface covering loess constitute overburden layer（3）, the riding track（6）On
Thickness of earth covering is 50~100cm, the side slope（7）Upper thickness of earth covering is 20~50cm；
（d）The semi-flexible Quick drainage system engineering is in overburden layer（3）Upper build drainage system；
The drainage system specifically includes：Each riding track（6）It is respectively provided with transverse drainage canal（8）, the transverse drainage canal（8）
Both ends are connected to over-the-counter longitudinal drainage canal respectively；The transverse drainage canal（8）It is arranged in riding track（6）At upper inside 1/3 or away from side
Slope（7）At 1.0~1.5m of bottom of slope；The transverse drainage canal（8）By riding track（6）It is divided into inside platform（601）With outside platform
（602）, the inside platform（601）With transverse drainage canal（8）In a horizontal plane, the outside platform（602）For counter-slope type,
Gradient α is 2~6%；The transverse drainage canal（8）For half-flexible water drainage canal, the half-flexible water drainage canal is HDPE materials or resin
Concrete material；The transverse drainage canal（8）Section is U-shaped, the transverse drainage canal（8）Height, both sides are low among lateral bottom surface；
（e）The Nutrition Soil structure engineering is in overburden layer（3）Upper spraying covers Nutrition Soil slurries and forms nutrition soil layer（4）,
The Nutrition Soil includes following substance and weight proportion：20000~35000 parts of soil moved in improve the original, 1000~3000 parts of flyash are organic
1000~2500 parts of matter, 3~8 parts of decomposing agent, 300~1000 parts of lignite, 30~100 parts of fertilizer；Wherein, the soil moved in improve the original is
Hillock periphery wasteland, waste valley or deserted mountain loess, the flyash is the flyash generated in coal-burning power plant's production process, described
Organic matter refers to straw, including 300~500 parts of grass fibers, further includes Wheat Straw, maize straw, corncob, rice husk or sawdust
At least one of；
The Nutrition Soil construction method specifically includes：a）Soil moved in improve the original nutrient detects：Take 3~10 parts of soil moved in improve the original samples, in soil nitrogen,
Phosphorus, potassium content and pH value are detected, and are averaged；b）By calculating, reasonable disposition chemical fertilizer：It is detected and is tied according to soil moved in improve the original nutrient
Fruit and each a great number of elements index of fertility degree to be achieved calculate fertilizer requirement using nutrient balance method；c）Nutrition Soil
Preparation and spraying covering：Each raw material of above-mentioned Nutrition Soil is mixed, adds water to be sufficiently stirred and slurries is made, PH conditioners are added, it will
Slurries are adjusted to the acid-base value suitable for institute's plant growth, and slurries are then sprayed on hillock overburden layer（3）Surface forms and plants
The nutrition soil layer grown（4）；
（f）The anti-erosion vegetation recovery engineering is that anti-erosion matrix mixed slurry is sowed grass seeds by duster in nutrition soil layer（4）On, it is formed anti-
Eroding matrix layer（5）；
The anti-erosion matrix mixed slurry includes anti-erosion substrate mixture and vegetable seeds；Wherein, the anti-erosion matrix
Mixture composition is counted as follows in parts by weight：600~1200 parts of bentonite, 200~600 parts of zeolite, 20~40 parts of fulvic acid, wood
1400~2600 parts of fiber, 20~100 parts of polymer, 0.5~2 part of synthetic fibers；The polymer is water-dispersible fiber element
Polymer, including methylcellulose, ethylhydroxyethylcellulose, carboxymethyl cellulose, ethylmethylcellulose, hydroxy ethyl fiber
At least one of element, hydroxypropyl cellulose, hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose；The synthetic fibers include polypropylene fibre, polychlorostyrene
At least one of vinyl fiber, polyethylene fibre, cyclization；
The anti-erosion vegetation recovery engineering specific implementation method is：In the anti-erosion substrate mixture plus anti-invade is made in water
Matrix slurries are lost, vegetable seeds then is added in anti-erosion matrix slurries, adds water, is sufficiently stirred, until anti-erosion is made
The anti-erosion matrix mixed slurry is equably sprayed on nutrition soil layer by matrix mixed slurry（4）On；
（g）The vegetation curing system engineering builds vegetation curing system, specifically includes：The vegetation curing system includes supplying
Water is responsible for（9）, water supply branch pipe（10）, fine-spraying belt（11）, threeway（12）, filter（17）, cistern（13）, water pump（14）；Institute
State vibration means for main pipe for supplying water（9）Among hillock or side is longitudinally laid with from top to bottom, the vibration means for main pipe for supplying water（9）By both sides water outlet or
Person side is discharged and water supply branch pipe（10）Connection, the water supply branch pipe（10）Transversely in riding track（6）Upper laying, the water supply branch
Pipe（10）On every 1~4m install threeway（12）, same riding track（6）Upper threeway（12）Spacing it is equal, and each riding track（6）Than
A upper riding track（6）Threeway（12）Spacing increase by 10~20%, each threeway（12）Water outlet and fine-spraying belt（11）Even
It connects, the fine-spraying belt（11）Along longitudinal direction from riding track（6）, side slope（7）, next riding track（6）To next side slope（7）The first half
It arranges from top to bottom；The vibration means for main pipe for supplying water（9）Upper end pass through water pump（14）With cistern（13）Connection；The vibration means for main pipe for supplying water
（9）With water pump（14）Between be also associated with check-valves（15）, the vibration means for main pipe for supplying water（9）With check-valves（15）Between be connected with fertilising
Device（16）And filter（17）.
3. a kind of hillock eco-environment restoration comprehensive processing method according to claim 2, which is characterized in that the envelope
Close separation layer（2）Mixed slurry further include pigment, the pigment be mortar pigment or aqueous pigment, the pigment adding proportion
It is 0.03-the 0.1% of mixed slurry weight ratio；The nutrition soil layer（4）Nutrition Soil further include PH conditioners；The anti-erosion
Hypothallus（5）Matrix slurries of sowing grass seeds by duster further include fertilizer and mill base.
4. a kind of hillock eco-environment restoration comprehensive processing method according to claim 2, which is characterized in that closing every
Absciss layer（2）Described in the weight proportion of inorganic material in the mixture be 40-70%, the weight of the polymer in the mixture
Proportioning is 0.5-4% or 0.8-3%, and the weight proportion of the fibre weight in the mixture is 0.1-3%, the additive
The ratio for accounting for mixture is 0.1-2%.
5. a kind of hillock eco-environment restoration comprehensive processing method according to claim 2, which is characterized in that the cross
To drainage ditch（8）The drainage grade β of bottom surface is 2~5 ‰；The transverse drainage canal（8）It is interior to be set every 40~50m along water (flow) direction
Set settling pit（19）.
6. a kind of hillock eco-environment restoration comprehensive processing method according to claim 2, which is characterized in that the plant
The fine-spraying belt described in curing system（11）Along longitudinal direction from riding track（6）, side slope（7）, next riding track（6）To next side slope
（7）A quarter to half at arrange from top to bottom；The water supply branch pipe（10）Upper close vibration means for main pipe for supplying water（9）Water inlet
Solenoid valve is equipped at mouthful（18）；The water supply branch pipe（10）With the vibration means for main pipe for supplying water（9）It is all made of PE hoses or hard tube, the confession
Water is responsible for（9）With water supply branch pipe（10）It is connected by four-way or threeway；The solenoid valve（18）And water pump（14）Pass through cable
It is connect with central controller；Each threeway（12）Water outlet pass through quick coupling and fine-spraying belt（11）Connection；The storage
Pond（13）For mine Treated sewage reusing pond or rainwater collection pool.
7. a kind of hillock eco-environment restoration comprehensive processing method according to claim 2, which is characterized in that the row
Transverse drainage canal described in water system（8）By the U-shaped drainage ditch connection of the linear finished product of multiple HDPE or resin concrete material
At water channel basis uses 100mm plain concrete cushion layers, side wall to fill plain concrete, the semiflexible drainage ditch（8）Interior both sides
The side wing includes concreting part so that the half-flexible water drainage canal（8）With riding track（6）Between joint face and riding track（6）
Surface flushes.
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| CN110612793A (en) * | 2019-09-27 | 2019-12-27 | 孙二建 | Spray-seeding greening method for waste rock hill |
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| CN113186944A (en) * | 2021-04-02 | 2021-07-30 | 山西晟境环保科技有限责任公司 | Novel process for standardized disposal of coal gangue |
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| CN113186951B (en) * | 2021-04-28 | 2022-10-14 | 西藏农牧学院 | Ecological reinforcing method for loose coarse-grained mixed soil slope |
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| CN113250301A (en) * | 2021-05-21 | 2021-08-13 | 吉林省大洋高新材料科技有限公司 | Resin concrete prefabricated linear drainage system |
| CN114430952A (en) * | 2021-12-31 | 2022-05-06 | 山西智德生态环保股份有限公司 | Saline-alkali soil treatment method |
| CN115176669A (en) * | 2022-08-12 | 2022-10-14 | 李善刚 | Revegetation structure and method for mine slope of waste limestone |
| CN116267079A (en) * | 2023-03-22 | 2023-06-23 | 美丽华夏生态环境科技有限公司 | Method for recovering vegetation of coal gangue mountain by using starch-based biodegradable plant-growing bag |
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| CN117468510A (en) * | 2023-11-01 | 2024-01-30 | 湖南中车环境工程有限公司 | In-situ blocking structure of metal mine acid waste residues and construction process |
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