CN108519283A - A kind of dynamic mechanics parameter of material acquisition device and method - Google Patents
A kind of dynamic mechanics parameter of material acquisition device and method Download PDFInfo
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- CN108519283A CN108519283A CN201810255553.XA CN201810255553A CN108519283A CN 108519283 A CN108519283 A CN 108519283A CN 201810255553 A CN201810255553 A CN 201810255553A CN 108519283 A CN108519283 A CN 108519283A
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N3/08—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress by applying steady tensile or compressive forces
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N3/22—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress by applying steady torsional forces
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/0014—Type of force applied
- G01N2203/0016—Tensile or compressive
- G01N2203/0017—Tensile
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/0014—Type of force applied
- G01N2203/0021—Torsional
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/0014—Type of force applied
- G01N2203/0026—Combination of several types of applied forces
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/003—Generation of the force
- G01N2203/005—Electromagnetic means
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Abstract
The embodiment provides a kind of dynamic mechanics parameter of material acquisition device and method, it can solve the problems, such as that prior art stress wave control precision is low.Described device includes：Electromagnetic type Hopkinson pull rod loading unit；Electromagnetic type split-Hopkinson torsional bar loading unit；Stress wave synchronization unit；Acquiring unit.The method includes the steps：Load tensile stress wave；Load distorting stress wave；Obtain the tensile stress parameter of sample；Obtain the distorting stress parameter of sample；Wherein, the tensile stress parameter of sample and the distorting stress parameter of sample are as dynamic mechanics parameter of material.The embodiment of the present invention is stretched by the way that the distorting stress wave generating device of electromagnetic drive and tensile stress wave generating device are applied to Hopkinson in twisted coupling experiment so that the distorting stress wave and tensile stress wave that experimental provision generates are attained by terms of generation time, pulsewidth and amplitude and accurately control.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the acquisition device of dynamic mechanics parameter of material and method, specifically a kind of drawing based on electromagnetic force
Stretch the dynamic mechanics parameter of material acquisition device and method of stress wave-distorting stress wave coupling generating unit, the tensile stress
Wave-distorting stress wave coupling generating unit can be stretched as separate type Hopkinson-reverses the stress wave of Combined Loading experiment
Loading unit.
Background technology
Hopkinson bar experimental considerations unit is most popular when being always mechanics parameter of the measurement material under high strain-rate
One of method.Including Hopkinson pressure bar technology, pull rod technology and torsion bar technology, it is respectively used to measure material in Large strain
Uniaxial compression, stretching under rate and torsion parameter.Its cardinal principle is：By the sample of measured and monitored the growth of standing timber material be placed in two elongate rods it
Between, a compression stress wave, tensile stress wave or distorting stress wave are loaded to incident bar by certain load mode, wave is by entering
It penetrates bar to travel on sample, to load sample.Then one is obtained using the foil gauge being attached in two elongate rods
To pulse signal, pass through one-dimensional elastic theory of stress wave, so that it may to convert the pulse signal on pole to the load on sample
Change with time signal, to measure dynamic mechanics parameter of the material under uniaxial stress state.
However, in practical applications, the stress state of itself is very complicated when engineering structure and material are subjected to impact.Cause
This, mechanics parameter of the research material under Multiaxial stress is also a critically important project.Only due to traditional Hopkinson bar
Dynamic mechanics parameter of the material under uniaxial stress state can be measured, researchers are usually to answer the multiaxis suffered by material
Power state decoupling is uniaxial stress state, to obtain material in Multiaxial stress by traditional Hopkinson bar experimental result
Mechanics parameter under state.However there is no shadow of the coupling effect to dynamic mechanics parameter of material for considering stress for this method
It rings.
Therefore, many domestic and foreign scholars improve traditional Hopkinson bar experimental considerations unit, and having investigated can survey
Try the Hopkinson bar experimental considerations unit of material Multiaxial stress.Lu Fangyun etc. has manufactured a kind of Hopkinson combined compression-shear loading system
System.Incident rod end is processed as two symmetrical slopes by the system, one transmission bar of each face in inclined surface, and two samples are symmetrical
It is placed between incident inclined-plane and transmission rod end surface.Stress wave will be passed to sample at an angle at this time, to realize sample
Combined compression-shear loading.Huang etc. then combines Hopkinson pressure bar and torsion bar, and it is compound to devise a kind of achievable pressure torsion
The Hopkinson bar experimental considerations unit of load.A wherein bar applies compression wave load to sample, and compressional wave will be hit by air gun
Bar transmitted at high speed is hit, is generated with incident bar Impinging coaxial；Another bar applies torsion wave load to sample, and stress wave occurs
What unit was taken is energy storage type load mode.Then torsion loading unit and tensile loads unit is made to touch at a certain time interval
Hair, to make distorting stress wave and tensile stress wave while reach the both ends of sample, to realize to sample under high strain-rate
Stretching-torsion Combined Loading.
But since stress-wave loading mode used by current Hopkinson bar is all mechanical load, when the generation of stress wave
Between cannot accurately control.And the load in order to make sample be coupled by torsional wave and tensile wave or torsional wave and compressional wave, it must
It need make torsional wave and tensile wave or torsional wave and compressional wave respectively while reach two end faces of sample, this is just required to
The generation time of stringent control torsional wave, compressional wave and tensile wave.And the mechanical load mode of traditional Hopkinson bar is nothing
The generation time of the stringent proof stress wave of method, this also becomes the difficult point for the Hopkinson bar unit for developing Combined Loading.
Electromagnetic force loading technique is since its control time is accurate, the characteristics such as strong to output loads amplitude, the controllability of pulsewidth,
The attention of Many researchers is attracted.Huber A Schmitt et al. study Electromagnetic riveting technology, and have applied for electricity
Patent (the United States Patent (USP) of magnetic riveting technology：On May 7th, 3961739,1974), Zieve Peter et al. have developed low pressure later
Electromagnetic riveting technology (European patent：0293257,On May 27th, 1988), compensate for high-voltage electromagnetic be riveted on riveting quality and
Defect existing in terms of popularization and application.The operation principle of electromagnetic riveting：A coil is increased in discharge coil and workpiece and is answered
Reeb amplifier.The moment that discharge switch is closed is generated by force by fast-changing dash current around coil in main coil
Magnetic field.The secondary coil coupled with main coil generates induced current under strong magnetic field action, and then generates eddy current magnetism, two magnetic fields
Interaction generates vortex repulsion, and reaches rivet by amplifier, and rivet is made to be molded.Chinese Patent Application No. is
In the patent of 201420098605.4 and 201410161610.X, proposes respectively and electromagnetic riveting unit is directly applied into Hope
Equipment scheme in the gloomy compression bar unit of gold and experimental method, but the waveform that the method obtains has limitation.In Chinese patent Shen
A kind of drawing based on electromagnetic force please be proposed in number two innovation and creation for being 201410173843.1 and 201410171963.8
It stretches and compression stress wave producer experimental considerations unit and application method, but both scenario-frames are more complicated, and traditional wave
Shape shaping technique can not be applied to pulled out condition.In order to improve this defect, it is in Chinese Patent Application No. then
In 201510956545.4 patent application, it is proposed that a kind of new load rifle structure, the structure can both generate tensile wave
And compressional wave, and traditional Training system can be used to carry out shaping to waveform.It is in Chinese Patent Application No.
In 201510051071 innovation and creation, it is proposed that a kind of the main line coil structures and application method of electromagnetic type experimental considerations unit, to carry
The variation range of amplitude and pulse width caused by high electromagnetic type experimental considerations unit.Chinese Patent Application No. is
A kind of electromagnetic type split-Hopkinson torsional bar loading unit is proposed in 201510257557.8 patent, which is utilized direct current
The operation principle of machine first charges to a LRC circuit, the electric energy of storage is then made to be discharged on stator coil, to make
Stator coil generates electromagnetic force to the permanent magnet on rotor, so that rotor is obtained instantaneous torque, then passes through this instantaneous torque
Armature spindle is output on split-Hopkinson torsional bar, to generate a distorting stress wave.It is in Chinese Patent Application No.
In the patent of 201520325217.X, it is proposed that the load rifle structure of specific electromagnetic type split-Hopkinson torsional bar loading unit is set
Meter.For at present, there is scholar to be studied by the uniaxial Hopkinson bar experimental considerations unit of electromagnetic drive, but without can be with
Tensile wave-torsional wave is applied to sample simultaneously, the multiaxis Hopkinson bar experimental considerations unit of compressional wave-torsional wave occurs, with to obtain
Obtain the dynamic mechanics parameter of material of sample.
Invention content
The embodiment provides a kind of dynamic mechanics parameter of material acquisition device and methods, can solve the prior art
Stress wave controls the low problem of precision.
The embodiment provides a kind of dynamic mechanics parameter of material acquisition device, including：
Electromagnetic type Hopkinson pull rod loading unit comprising tensile wave loads rifle and stretch rod, wherein tensile wave loads
Rifle is used to load tensile stress wave to stretch rod；
Electromagnetic type split-Hopkinson torsional bar loading unit comprising torsional wave loads rifle and torque rod, wherein torsional wave loads
Rifle is used to load distorting stress wave to torque rod, and torque rod is same axis with stretch rod；
Stress wave synchronization unit is loaded with electromagnetic type Hopkinson pull rod loading unit and electromagnetic type split-Hopkinson torsional bar
Unit is electrically connected, and loads tensile stress wave to stretch rod for controlling electromagnetic type Hopkinson pull rod loading unit, and for controlling
Electromagnetic type split-Hopkinson torsional bar loading unit processed loads distorting stress wave to torque rod；
Acquiring unit comprising two compression strain pieces, two torsional strain pieces and data acquisition unit, two stretchings are answered
Become piece and two torsional strain pieces be connected with data acquisition unit respectively, the dynamic mechanics parameter of material for obtaining sample,
In, two elongation strain pieces are separately positioned on stretch rod surface on torque rod surface, and two torsional strain pieces are respectively set
On stretch rod surface and on torque rod surface, sample is arranged between stretch rod and torque rod and is protected with stretch rod and torque rod
Hold same axis.
Two elongation strain pieces are pasted respectively on the surface of about 1/2 length of the constrictor and the torque rod, and are drawn
Stretching strain piece paste direction it is identical with rod axis direction, the elongation strain piece for record tensile stress wave stretch rod with
Strain signal when being propagated in torque rod.
The torsional strain piece is respectively symmetrically pasted onto on the surface of about 1/2 length of stretch rod and torque rod, wherein reversing
The direction of strain gauge adhesion and rod axis direction angle in an acute angle, the torsional strain piece are being drawn for recording distorting stress wave
Strain signal when being propagated in boom and torque rod.
The acute angle is 45 °.
The data acquisition unit includes Wheatstone bridge and data collector, wherein elongation strain piece and torsional strain
Piece accesses in Wheatstone bridge；Wheatstone bridge outputs signal to data collector.
The embodiment of the invention also discloses a kind of dynamic mechanics parameter of material acquisition methods, including step：
Load tensile stress wave；
Load distorting stress wave；
Obtain the tensile stress parameter of sample；
Obtain the distorting stress parameter of sample；
Wherein, the tensile stress parameter of sample and the distorting stress parameter of sample are as dynamic mechanics parameter of material.
The tensile stress parameter for obtaining sample includes step：
Convert the voltage signal of data acquisition unit records to the strain signal on stretch rod, specific formula is：
The Δs of ε=2 U/k/ (U- Δ U) (1)
Wherein, ε is the strain signal of tensile stress wave, and U is the supply voltage of Wheatstone bridge, and k is elongation strain piece spirit
Sensitivity coefficient, Δ U are the voltage values of the stress wave signal of data collector record；
It is theoretical using one-dimensional elastic stress wave propagation, the strain signal in bar is handled using a wave method, to obtain
The tensile stress parameter of sample：
Wherein,For the tensile strain rate of sample, εsFor the elongation strain of sample, σsFor the tensile stress of sample, C0It is to draw
The tensile wave velocity of wave of boom and torque rod, L are the gauge length segment length of sample, and A is the sectional area of stretch rod and torque rod, AsIt is examination
The sectional area of sample, E are the Young's modulus of stretch rod and torque rod.
The method further includes the data processing step of the tensile stress parameter of sample：With εsFor X-axis, σsIt maps for Y-axis
Obtain stress-strain diagram of the sample under stretching condition；Using time t as X-axis, withThe when m- strain of sample is obtained for Y-axis
Rate change curve.
The distorting stress parameter for obtaining sample includes step：
Convert the voltage signal that data collector records to the strain signal on bar, specific formula is：
The Δs of ε=2 U/k/ (U- Δ U) (1)
Wherein, ε is the strain signal of distorting stress wave, and U is the supply voltage of Wheatstone bridge, and k is torsional strain piece spirit
Sensitivity coefficient, Δ U are the voltage values of the stress wave signal of data collector record；
The material identical that known stretch rod is used with torque rod, then the strain signal of torsion transmitted wave is at this time：
γT=2 (ε1-εRcos45°) (3)
Torsion back wave signal be：
γR=2 (ε2-εTcos45°) (4)
Wherein, ε1For the strain signal measured by the torsional strain piece pasted on stretch rod, ε2For the torsion pasted on torque rod
Turn the strain signal measured by foil gauge, εRFor the strain signal of tensile reflection wave, εTTo stretch the strain signal of transmitted wave；
It is theoretical using one-dimensional elastic stress wave propagation, using a wave method to γRAnd γTIt is handled to obtain the torsion of sample
Turning stress parameter：
Wherein,For the shear strain rate of sample, γsFor the shear strain of sample, τsFor the shear stress of sample, rsFor
The middle radius surface of sample marking distance section, rbFor the radius of stretch rod and torque rod, C1It is the torsional wave velocity of wave of stretch rod and torque rod,
LsIt is the length of sample marking distance section, JbIt is the polar moment of inertia of stretch rod and torque rod, JsIt is the polar moment of inertia of sample marking distance section, Gb
It is the modulus of shearing of stretch rod and torque rod.
The method further includes the data processing step of the distorting stress parameter of sample：With γsFor X-axis, τsIt maps for Y axis
Obtain stress-strain diagram of sample under the conditions of torsion；Using time t as X-axis, withThe when m- shearing of sample is obtained for Y-axis
Strain rate change curve.
In an embodiment of the present invention, since the tensile stress wave amplitude and distorting stress wave amplitude that actually generate can lead to
The voltage of overstretching stress wave producer and distorting stress wave producer is controlled, the tensile stress wave width actually generated and
Distorting stress wave width can be controlled by adjusting the capacitance of tensile stress wave producer and distorting stress wave producer.
The present invention loads electromagnetic type split-Hopkinson torsional bar loading unit and electromagnetic type Hopkinson pull rod in structure single
Member is combined, high using electromagnetism Loading Control precision, and the good feature of experimental repeatability avoids traditional Hopkinson bar because of machinery
Driving is difficult to the situation accurately controlled to generated stress wave to be occurred, to solve because of tensile stress wave and distorting stress wave
Velocity of wave is different in Hopkinson bar and the stress wave stationary problem that brings.Specific method is accurate using stress wave synchronization unit
The stress wave generation time of electromagnetic type split-Hopkinson torsional bar loading unit and electromagnetic type Hopkinson pull rod loading unit is controlled, is led to
It crosses to stress wave synchronization unit input distorting stress wave and tensile stress wave and propagates to other end institute from Hopkinson bar one end
The time difference needed makes distorting stress wave and tensile stress wave can be with synchronous transmission to sample, to realize that the dynamic to sample is drawn
Stretch-reverse Combined Loading.
Description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the dynamic mechanics parameter of material acquisition device of the embodiment of the present invention；
Fig. 2 is the stress wave synchronization principles figure of the dynamic mechanics parameter of material acquisition device of the embodiment of the present invention.
Drawing reference numeral explanation：
21,31. power supply；2. tensile wave capacitor charger；3. tensile wave loads rifle；4. stretch rod；25,35. torsional strain
Piece group；26,36. elongation strain piece group；7. sample；8. torque rod；9. torsional wave loads rifle；10. torsional wave capacitor charger；
11. data collector；12. stress wave synchronization unit；23,33. control cabinet；14. torsional wave capacitor group；15. tensile wave capacitance
Device group.
Specific implementation mode
The present invention is understood and realized for the ease of persons skilled in the art, describes the implementation of the present invention in conjunction with attached drawing
Example.
Embodiment one
Present embodiments provide a kind of dynamic mechanics parameter of material acquisition device comprising electromagnetic type Hopkinson pull rod adds
Carrier unit, electromagnetic type split-Hopkinson torsional bar loading unit and stress wave synchronization unit, are below described in detail above-mentioned component.
Electromagnetic type Hopkinson pull rod loading unit includes power supply 21, and tensile wave capacitor charger 2 and tensile wave load rifle
3；Tensile wave capacitor charger 2 using existing electromagnetic rivetter power pack, and by the tensile wave capacitor charger 2
The electrode line that the positive output line of output loads rifle 3 with tensile wave connects, and negative output line connects with the negative line of load rifle；Institute
It includes load gun housing body, main coil, positioning tube, secondary coil, insulating layer and amplifier to state tensile wave load rifle 3；Main coil and
Secondary coil is sleeved on successively on the positioning tube, and makes the positioning end face of the secondary coil one end face and the positioning tube
It is adjacent；Another end face of the secondary coil is adjacent with an end face of main coil and is freely bonded；To be cased with main coil and
The positioning tube of secondary coil is packed into stage casing in load gun housing body, amplifier is mounted on to one end of the positioning tube, and described
It is set with insulating layer between amplifier inner face and the end face of secondary coil；The main coil, secondary coil, amplifier and positioning
Cylinder is coaxial with load gun housing body；Described positioning tube one end is connected through a screw thread with secondary coil；Stretch rod 4 is carried into external screw thread
One end sequentially pass through the through-hole of positioning tube and amplifier, and carry out screw thread in the stress wave deferent segment side of amplifier and boss
Connection；When the compression stress wave that the stress wave deferent segment of amplifier is spread out of enters boss, the compression stress wave is in boss
Free end face, which is reflected into tensile wave and enters stretch rod 4, forms stretching incidence wave.
Electromagnetic type split-Hopkinson torsional bar loading unit includes power supply 31, and torsional wave capacitor charger 10 and torsional wave load rifle
9；Torsional wave capacitor charger 10 using a set of existing electromagnetic rivetter power pack, and by the torsional wave capacitor charging
The positive output line of device 10 loads the positive terminal of rifle 9 with torsional wave respectively with negative output line and anode connector passes through conducting wire phase
Connection.The torsional wave load rifle 9 includes rotor, stator coil, load gun housing body, case lid；Stator coil number is 4,
It is mounted on the inner surface of load gun housing body by bolt respectively, the positive terminal and anode connector of the stator coil are from load rifle
Opening on shell is stretched out, and the wire interface of load gun housing body corresponding position is located at conducting wire connection, the wire interface is just
Pole connector and anode connector load the positive terminal and anode connector of rifle as torsional wave.Rotor is mounted on the interior of load gun housing body
Portion is equipped with bearing on front and back armature spindle, and the bearing is separately mounted in the central through hole of front and rear housings lid, front and rear housings lid
It is opposite affixed by bolt and the load both ends of the surface of gun housing body.
Stress wave synchronization unit is loaded with electromagnetic type Hopkinson pull rod loading unit and electromagnetic type split-Hopkinson torsional bar
Unit is electrically connected, the electricity for controlling electromagnetic type Hopkinson pull rod loading unit and electromagnetic type split-Hopkinson torsional bar loading unit
It can store and discharge, to generate stress wave；Wherein, tensile wave capacitor charger 2 and torsional wave capacitor charging in the present embodiment
Device 10 is made of capacitor box and control cabinet 23,33.Wherein capacitor box includes a capacitor group and electronic switch.
The capacitor group 14 of tensile wave capacitor charger 2 is composed in parallel by 10 impulse capacitors, the specified electricity of the impulse capacitor
Pressure is 1000V, and capacitance is 200 microfarads；The capacitor group 15 of torsional wave capacitor charger 10 is by 10 impulse capacitor parallel connections
The rated voltage of composition, the impulse capacitor is 10000V, capacitance 6mf.Stress wave synchronization unit 12 passes through conducting wire point
It is not connected with tensile wave capacitor group 14 and torsional wave capacitor group 15, as a switch signal generator, is drawn to substitute
Stretch the electronic switch of wave capacitor charger and torsional wave capacitor charger circuit.Tensile wave capacitor charger 2 and torsional wave capacitance
It includes PLC and its control system that charger 10, which uses control cabinet of the same race, the control cabinet 23,33,.Control system is mainly by simulating
Control section, digital control part and digital display portion composition.Wherein simulation control part is using SIEMENS companies
TCA785 chips.Digital control part exports expansion module EM235 by the S7-200 series and Siemens's simulation input of Siemens
Composition.Charging voltage control is mainly realized by the pid control mode of Voltage loop and electric current loop.Digital display portion is mainly
It is made up of S7-200 series text displays TD200.
In short, the principle of electromagnetic type split-Hopkinson torsional bar loading unit and electromagnetic type Hopkinson pull rod loading unit is all
By power supply to a capacitor charger fill can, then by switch, make capacitor charger in storage electric energy and release electricity
It can be converted between two states, to generate instantaneous heavy current, so that load rifle is obtained transient load, then pass to Hopkinson
Bar.Velocity of wave when being transmitted in Hopkinson bar with distorting stress wave due to tensile stress wave is different, in order to make tensile stress wave
Sample is loaded simultaneously with distorting stress wave, when stress wave synchronization unit is discharged by controlling the electric energy of capacitor charger
Between, so that distorting stress wave and tensile stress wave is generated at a certain time interval, to make tensile stress wave and distorting stress wave
Time when being transmitted to sample end face reaches synchronous.
Power supply is all made of the industrial three-phase alternating current of 380V in the present embodiment.
Stress wave synchronization unit 12 uses the DG645 type figure delay time generators of SRS companies of the U.S. in the present embodiment.
Wherein, tensile loads rifle 3, stretch rod 4, torque rod 8 and torsion load rifle 9 are sequentially arranged at reality according to coaxial sequence
It tests on platform, and the stretch rod 4 and torque rod 8 is enable only to move freely and rotate in axis direction.One sample 7 is pacified
Between stretch rod 4 and torque rod 8, and keep sample 7 and stretch rod 4 and torque rod 8 coaxial.
At about 1/2 position of 8 length of constrictor 4 and torque rod, respectively on the surface pair of stretch rod 4 and torque rod 8
Claim to paste multiple (preferably 2) torsional strain pieces 25,35 and multiple (preferably 2) elongation strain pieces 26,36, wherein reversing
Foil gauge 25,35 is pasted along with rod axis in 45 ° of direction, and elongation strain piece is pasted along rod axis parallel direction,
Described two foil gauge groups are accessed data collecting system by the welding lead on the pin of elongation strain piece and torsional strain piece
In；About 1/2 position refers to, for constrictor, the position and stretch rod should be greater than 2 at a distance from sample contacts end
Tensile stress wave pulsewidth length again；For torque rod, the position and torque rod and distorting stress wave producer connecting pin
Distance should be greater than 2 times of tensile stress wave pulsewidth length.The foil gauge lead is accessed into favour stone using twin-core shielding line
In electric bridge.Meanwhile the Wheatstone bridge output signal accesses data collector 11 using twin-core shielding line.
The embodiment of the invention also discloses a kind of dynamic mechanics parameter of material acquisition methods, including step：Load is stretched and is answered
Reeb；Load distorting stress wave；Obtain the tensile stress parameter of sample；Obtain the distorting stress parameter of sample；Wherein, sample
Tensile stress parameter and the distorting stress parameter of sample are as dynamic mechanics parameter of material.The material of the embodiment of the present invention is described below
Expect the principle and method of dynamic mechanics parameter acquisition device.
It charges respectively to tensile wave capacitor charger 2 and torsional wave capacitor charger 9, charging voltage must not be higher than electricity
The rated voltage of capacity charge device.Then setting generates tensile stress wave and generates distorting stress wave in stress wave synchronization unit 12
Time interval.Stress wave synchronization unit 12 is respectively to tensile wave capacitor charger 2 and torsional wave capacitor charging after the completion of setting
Device 9 transmit switching signal, make tensile wave capacitor charger 2 and torsional wave capacitor charger 9 according to set time interval into
Row electric discharge.
At this point, in tensile stress wave producer, tensile wave capacitor charger 2 discharges to the main coil of tensile loads rifle 3,
It just will produce electromagnetic repulsion force between secondary coil and main coil, the electromagnetic repulsion force is amplified in amplifier, shows as compressing
Stress wave, and be reflected into tensile wave in boss and form the stretching incidence wave of stretch rod.When the stretching incidence wave reaches stretch rod 4
When with 7 contact surface of sample, since wave impedance mismatches, a part for the stretching incidence wave is reflected, and is formed and is drawn in stretch rod 4
Extension reflex wave, another part are then transmitted by sample 7 in torque rod 8, are formed and are stretched transmitted wave.The stretching transmitted wave and drawing
The shape and amplitude of extension reflex wave are determined by 7 material character of sample.Since foil gauge is connected with Wheatstone bridge, strain
Strain signal in piece is converted to the bridge arm voltage variation of Wheatstone bridge, and data collector 11 passes through signal wire and favour stone electricity
Bridging connects, and the data collector 11 uses calculus of finite differences input to offset electromagnetic interference.Data collector 11 is by Wheatstone bridge
Bridge arm voltage variation record and store.Elongation strain piece group 6 wherein on stretch rod 4 will stretch incidence wave signal VIAnd stretching
Reflection wave signal VRIt records；Elongation strain piece group 6 on torque rod 8 will stretch transmitted wave signal VTIt records.By data
The voltage signal that collector 11 records is converted into the strain signal on bar, and specific formula is：
The Δs of ε=2 U/k/ (U- Δ U) (1)
Wherein, ε is the strain signal of stress wave, and U is the supply voltage of Wheatstone bridge, and k is foil gauge sensitivity coefficient,
Δ U is the voltage value for the stress wave signal that data collector 11 records.
By formula (1), incidence wave signal V is stretchedIIt is converted into and stretches incidence wave strain signal εI, tensile reflection wave signal
VRIt is converted into tensile reflection wave strain signal εR, stretch transmitted wave signal VTIt is converted into and stretches transmitted wave strain signal εT.Utilize one
Elastic stress theory of wave propagation is tieed up, the strain signal in bar is handled using a wave method, a wave method formula is as follows：
Wherein,For the tensile strain rate of sample 7, εsFor the elongation strain of sample 7, σsFor the tensile stress of sample 7, C0
It is the tensile wave velocity of wave of stretch rod 4 and torque rod 8, L is the gauge length segment length of sample 7, and A is the section of stretch rod 4 and torque rod 8
Product, AsIt is the sectional area of sample 7, E is the Young's modulus of stretch rod 4 and torque rod 8.
After the completion of data processing, with εsFor X-axis, σsStress of the sample 7 under stretching condition just can be obtained for Y-axis mapping to answer
Varied curve；Using time t as X-axis, withThe when m- strain rate change curve of sample 7 just can be obtained for Y-axis.
In distorting stress wave producer, torsional wave capacitor charger 10 loads the stator coil in rifle 9 to torsion and discharges,
Make the permanent magnet on rotor and generate electromagnetic repulsion force between stator coil, the electromagnetic repulsion force makes rotor generate instantaneous torque, institute
It states torque and is passed to torque rod 8 in the form of torsional wave, when the torsion incidence wave reaches torque rod 8 with 7 contact surface of sample, due to
Wave impedance mismatches, and a part for the torsion incidence wave is reflected, and torsion back wave is formed in torque rod 8, another part is then
It is transmitted in stretch rod 4 by sample 7, forms torsion transmitted wave.The torsion transmitted wave and the shape and width for reversing back wave
Value is determined by 7 material character of sample.Since foil gauge is connected with Wheatstone bridge, the strain signal conversion in foil gauge
Change for the bridge arm voltage of Wheatstone bridge, data collector is connect by signal wire with Wheatstone bridge, the data acquisition
Device uses calculus of finite differences input to offset electromagnetic interference.
The bridge arm voltage variation of Wheatstone bridge is recorded and is stored by data collector.Wherein on torque rod 8 with rod axis
The torsional strain piece of direction stickup at 45 ° will reverse incidence wave signalIt records.When torsion incidence wave is transmitted to torque rod 8
With 7 end face of sample, when then reflecting to form torsion back wave, torsion back wave is transmitted with from stretch rod 4 transmitted through the stretching come
Wave signal is mixed in together, and the torsional strain piece that the mixed signal is transmitted on torque rod causes voltage change V1；Similarly, when
When torsion transmitted wave is transmitted into stretch rod 4, reverses transmitted wave and the torsion back wave in stretch rod 4 is mixed in together, it is described
The torsional strain piece that mixed signal is transmitted on stretch rod 4 with axis direction stickup at 45 ° causes voltage change V2。
Using formula (1), incidence wave signal will be reversedIt is converted into torsion incidence wave strain signal γI, by mixed signal V1
And V2It is separately converted to strain signal ε1And ε2.It is mixed due in stretch rod 4, reversing transmitted wave and tensile reflection wave signal at this time
It is miscellaneous together；In torque rod 8, torsion back wave and stretching transmitted wave signal are mixed in together.It therefore will be to strain signal ε1
And ε2It is decomposed, to obtain really reversing back wave strain signal γ on barRWith torsion transmitted wave strain signal γT.
Know the material identical that stretch rod 4 is used with torque rod 8, then the strain signal of torsion transmitted wave is at this time：
γT=2 (ε1-εRcos45°) (3)
Torsion back wave signal be：
γR=2 (ε2-εTcos45°) (4)
Wherein, ε1For the strain signal measured by the torsional strain piece pasted on stretch rod, ε2For the torsion pasted on torque rod
Turn the strain signal measured by foil gauge, εRFor the strain signal of tensile reflection wave, εTTo stretch the strain signal of transmitted wave.
It is theoretical using one-dimensional elastic stress wave propagation, using a wave method to γRAnd γTIt is handled, a wave method formula is such as
Under：
Wherein,For the shear strain rate of sample 7, γsFor the shear strain of sample 7, τsFor the shear stress of sample 7, rs
For the middle radius surface of 7 gauge length section of sample, rbFor the radius of stretch rod 4 and torque rod 8, C1It is the torsion of stretch rod 4 and torque rod 8
Wave velocity of wave, LsIt is the length of 7 gauge length section of sample, JbIt is the polar moment of inertia of stretch rod 4 and torque rod 8, JsIt is 7 gauge length section of sample
Polar moment of inertia, GbIt is the modulus of shearing of stretch rod 4 and torque rod 8.
After the completion of data processing, with γsFor X-axis, τsStress of the sample 7 under the conditions of torsion just can be obtained for Y-axis mapping to answer
Varied curve；Using time t as X-axis, withThe when m- shear strain rate change curve of sample 7 just can be obtained for Y-axis.
The electromagnetic type Hopkinson pull rod loading unit of the present invention could alternatively be the electromagnetic type Hopkinson pressure of the present invention
Bar loading unit.
The tensile stress wave amplitude and distorting stress wave amplitude actually generated in the present invention can be sent out by tensile stress wave
The voltage of raw device and distorting stress wave producer is controlled, the tensile stress wave width and distorting stress wave width actually generated
It can be controlled by adjusting the capacitance of tensile stress wave producer and distorting stress wave producer.
The present invention loads electromagnetic type split-Hopkinson torsional bar loading unit and electromagnetic type Hopkinson pull rod in structure single
Member is combined, high using electromagnetism Loading Control precision, and the good feature of experimental repeatability avoids traditional Hopkinson bar because of machinery
Driving is difficult to the situation accurately controlled to generated stress wave to be occurred, to solve because of tensile stress wave and distorting stress wave
Velocity of wave is different in Hopkinson bar and the stress wave stationary problem that brings.Specific method is accurate using stress wave synchronization unit
The stress wave generation time of electromagnetic type split-Hopkinson torsional bar loading unit and electromagnetic type Hopkinson pull rod loading unit is controlled, is led to
It crosses to stress wave synchronization unit input distorting stress wave and tensile stress wave and propagates to other end institute from Hopkinson bar one end
The time difference needed makes distorting stress wave and tensile stress wave can be with synchronous transmission to sample, to realize that the dynamic to sample is drawn
Stretch-reverse Combined Loading.
Although depicting the present invention by embodiment, it will be appreciated by the skilled addressee that not departing from the present invention's
In the case of spirit and essence, so that it may make the present invention there are many deformation and variation, the scope of the present invention is by the attached claims
To limit.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of dynamic mechanics parameter of material acquisition device, which is characterized in that including：
Electromagnetic type Hopkinson pull rod loading unit comprising tensile wave loads rifle and stretch rod, wherein tensile wave loads rifle and uses
In to stretch rod load tensile stress wave；
Electromagnetic type split-Hopkinson torsional bar loading unit comprising torsional wave loads rifle and torque rod, wherein torsional wave loads rifle and uses
In loading distorting stress wave to torque rod, torque rod is same axis with stretch rod；
Stress wave synchronization unit, with electromagnetic type Hopkinson pull rod loading unit and electromagnetic type split-Hopkinson torsional bar loading unit
Electrical connection loads tensile stress wave for controlling electromagnetic type Hopkinson pull rod loading unit to stretch rod, and for controlling electricity
Magnetic-type split-Hopkinson torsional bar loading unit loads distorting stress wave to torque rod；
Acquiring unit comprising two elongation strain pieces, two torsional strain pieces and data acquisition unit, two elongation strain pieces
It is connected respectively with data acquisition unit with two torsional strain pieces, the dynamic mechanics parameter of material for obtaining sample, wherein two
A elongation strain piece is separately positioned on stretch rod surface on torque rod surface, and two torsional strain pieces are separately positioned on stretching
On on bar surface and torque rod surface, sample is arranged between stretch rod and torque rod and keeps same with stretch rod and torque rod
Axis.
2. dynamic mechanics parameter of material acquisition device according to claim 1, which is characterized in that two elongation strain pieces point
On the surface for not pasting about 1/2 length of the stretch rod and the torque rod, and the direction of elongation strain piece stickup and bar axis
Line direction is identical, and the elongation strain piece is used to record strain letter when tensile stress wave is propagated in stretch rod and torque rod
Number.
3. dynamic mechanics parameter of material acquisition device according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the torsional strain piece point
It is not pasted onto symmetrically on the surface of about 1/2 length of stretch rod and torque rod, the direction and rod axis that wherein torsional strain piece is pasted
Direction angle in an acute angle, the torsional strain piece is for recording answering when distorting stress wave is propagated in stretch rod and torque rod
Varying signal.
4. dynamic mechanics parameter of material acquisition device according to claim 3, which is characterized in that the acute angle is
45°。
5. dynamic mechanics parameter of material acquisition device according to claim 3, which is characterized in that the data acquisition unit
Including Wheatstone bridge and data collector, wherein in elongation strain piece and torsional strain piece access Wheatstone bridge；Favour stone
Bridge output signal is to data collector.
6. a kind of dynamic mechanics parameter of material acquisition methods based on claim 1-5 described devices, which is characterized in that including step
Suddenly：
Load tensile stress wave；
Load distorting stress wave；
Obtain the tensile stress parameter of sample；
Obtain the distorting stress parameter of sample；
Wherein, the tensile stress parameter of sample and the distorting stress parameter of sample are as dynamic mechanics parameter of material.
7. according to the method described in claim 6, it is characterized in that, the tensile stress parameter for obtaining sample includes step：
Convert the voltage signal of data acquisition unit records to the strain signal on stretch rod, specific formula is：
The Δs of ε=2 U/k/ (U- Δ U) (1)
Wherein, ε is the strain signal of tensile stress wave, and U is the supply voltage of Wheatstone bridge, and k is elongation strain piece sensitivity
Coefficient, Δ U are the voltage values of the stress wave signal of data collector record；
It is theoretical using one-dimensional elastic stress wave propagation, using a wave method to the strain signal in stretch rod and torque rod at
Reason, to obtain the tensile stress parameter of sample：
Wherein,For the tensile strain rate of sample, εsFor the elongation strain of sample, σsFor the tensile stress of sample 7, C0It is stretch rod
With the tensile wave velocity of wave of torque rod, L is the gauge length segment length of sample, and A is the sectional area of stretch rod and torque rod, AsIt is sample
Sectional area, E are the Young's modulus of stretch rod and torque rod.
8. the method according to the description of claim 7 is characterized in that the method further includes the number of the tensile stress parameter of sample
According to processing step：With εsFor X-axis, σsIt maps to obtain stress-strain diagram of the sample under stretching condition for Y-axis；It is X with time t
Axis, withThe when m- strain rate change curve of sample is obtained for Y-axis.
9. according to the method described in claim 6, it is characterized in that, the distorting stress parameter for obtaining sample includes step：
Convert the voltage signal that data collector records to the strain signal on bar, specific formula is：
The Δs of ε=2 U/k/ (U- Δ U) (1)
Wherein, ε is the strain signal of distorting stress wave, and U is the supply voltage of Wheatstone bridge, and k is torsional strain piece sensitivity
Coefficient, Δ U are the voltage values of the stress wave signal of data collector record；
The material identical that known stretch rod is used with torque rod, then the strain signal of torsion transmitted wave is at this time：
γT=2 (ε1-εRcos45°) (3)
Torsion back wave signal be：
γR=2 (ε2-εTcos45°) (4)
Wherein, ε1For the strain signal measured by the torsional strain piece pasted on stretch rod, ε2Torsion to be pasted on torque rod is answered
Become the strain signal measured by piece, εRFor the strain signal of tensile reflection wave, εTTo stretch the strain signal of transmitted wave；
It is theoretical using one-dimensional elastic stress wave propagation, using a wave method to γRAnd γTIt is handled and is answered with the torsion for obtaining sample
Force parameter：
Wherein,For the shear strain rate of sample, γsFor the shear strain of sample, τsFor the shear stress of sample, rsFor sample mark
Middle radius surface away from section, rbFor the radius of stretch rod and torque rod, C1It is the torsional wave velocity of wave of stretch rod and torque rod, LsIt is examination
The length of sample gauge length section, JbIt is the polar moment of inertia of stretch rod and torque rod, JsIt is the polar moment of inertia of sample marking distance section, GbIt is to stretch
The modulus of shearing of bar and torque rod.
10. according to the method described in claim 9, it is characterized in that, the method further includes the distorting stress parameter of sample
Data processing step：With γsFor X-axis, τsIt maps to obtain stress-strain diagram of sample under the conditions of torsion for Y-axis；With time t
For X-axis, withThe when m- shear strain rate change curve of sample is obtained for Y-axis.
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