CN108490273A - Electric-field sensor system based on multi-channel switch - Google Patents
Electric-field sensor system based on multi-channel switch Download PDFInfo
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- CN108490273A CN108490273A CN201810267990.3A CN201810267990A CN108490273A CN 108490273 A CN108490273 A CN 108490273A CN 201810267990 A CN201810267990 A CN 201810267990A CN 108490273 A CN108490273 A CN 108490273A
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R29/00—Arrangements for measuring or indicating electric quantities not covered by groups G01R19/00 - G01R27/00
- G01R29/12—Measuring electrostatic fields or voltage-potential
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Abstract
The electric-field sensor system based on multi-channel switch that present disclose provides a kind of, the control to multi-channel switch array is mainly realized by multi-way contral unit, and then control discrete capacitor array and be connected to and/or disconnect with detecting signal unit, quantity to be measured is converted into detection AC signal from unstable direct current signal is detected.The disclosure is directed under the action of extraneous low frequency electric field; since the variation of electric field is very slow; almost it is DC electrostatic field in most cases; the not more than hundreds of hertz of frequency range; capacitance both end voltage U is minimum D. C. value; and it is unstable; the problem of being difficult to detect; the disclosure controls multi-channel switch array sequentially break-make by multi-way contral unit; realize the exchange variation of the total capacitance value of discrete capacitor array; so that corresponding voltage is AC signal from DC quantity variation, to be easy to detect, the detection of low frequency and DC electric field is realized.
Description
Technical field
This disclosure relates to which low frequency electric field measurement sensor field more particularly to a kind of electric field based on multi-channel switch pass
Sensor system.
Background technology
Being widely used for electric field measurement technology is general, is detected to the electric field in ionosphere using electric-field sensor, can be with
The magnetic distribution information for obtaining the whole world, earthquake can be obtained, volcano, tsunami break out electromagnetic field in preceding ionosphere change it is different
Often, important evidence is provided for the forecast of natural calamity, space weather can be studied, ionosphere and its mankind's activity such as communication is led
The influence of boat, satellite positioning, to the research work of earth physics, instructs mankind's industrial activity all to have great importance.
Electrostatic increasingly causes to pay close attention to the harm of human being's production and life.Electrostatic field is as a kind of near field Harm and control, at certain
Under the conditions of a little, great loss and injury can be brought to military and industry, cause life and economic loss.Therefore, accurate to survey
Electrostatic parameters are measured, especially electrostatic potential value is very necessary.Electrostatic test can be provided for electrostatic protection engineering design data and
Support can be used for differentiating the static discharge Harm and control in actual environment, can also be used to the effect of evaluation electrostatic protection measure.
Electric-field sensor is to measure electric field strength instrument, in meteorological detection, aerospace, power electronics, intelligent grid, work
The fields such as industry safety, national defence, scientific research have very important effect.Electric-field sensor passes through the difference of operation principle, master
It is divided into charge inductive type electric-field sensor and optical profile type electric-field sensor.Optical profile type electric-field sensor have fast response time,
The low advantage of noise, but this kind of sensor is only applicable to the measurement of high-frequency electric field, AC field, cost height and temperature stability
Difference.The detection of low frequency electric field is a difficult point, and the electromechanical electric-field sensor in charge inductive type electric-field sensor can be real
Now to the measurement of DC electrostatic field, it is suitable for low frequency electric field fields of measurement.
Existing electromechanical electric-field sensor and capacitance-type vibration formula electrometer include mechanical moving element, and component easily consumes
Damage, operating point drift is big, and detection method is complicated, is unfavorable for using and minimize.In addition, existing use varactor
The electric-field sensor of mode is complicated, it is necessary to the isolation of drive signal is realized using transformer, and working curve is inconsistent,
And temperature stability difference leads to operating point drift.Therefore, the present invention program is directed to the deficiency of the above electric-field sensor, proposes one
The new structural low frequency electric field sensor of kind.
Invention content
(1) technical problems to be solved
The electric-field sensor system based on multi-channel switch that present disclose provides a kind of, it is mentioned above at least partly to solve
The technical issues of going out.
(2) technical solution
According to one aspect of the disclosure, a kind of electric-field sensor system based on multi-channel switch is provided, including：Point
Vertical capacitor array, including n encapsulation capacitance, n encapsulation capacitance are electrically connected, wherein induction plate, the n of discrete capacitor array
The first end of a encapsulation capacitance is connect with induction plate, to realize the induction to extraneous low frequency electric field signals；Multi-channel switch
Array, including n MOS switch pipe, the second end that the first connecting pin of each MOS switch pipe encapsulates capacitance with one respectively connect
It connects；The unlatching and/or closing of each MOS switch pipe, respectively so that encapsulated accordingly in discrete capacitor array capacitance connection and/or
It disconnects；Detecting signal unit is connect with the second connection end of n MOS switch pipe and induction plate respectively, is used for measurement sensor
Output voltage signal simultaneously carries out signal processing to output signal；Multi-way contral unit connects with the control terminal of n MOS switch pipe
It connects, for carrying out timing control to multi-channel switch array；Wherein, n ＞ 1, multi-way contral unit pass through to multi-channel switch
The timing control of array realizes the variation that capacitance is accessed in discrete capacitor array, and by detecting signal unit sense capacitance two
The variation of relevant voltage is held, and then calculates external electrical field size.
In some embodiments of the present disclosure, detecting signal unit includes：Signal amplifies subelement, for amplifying sensor
Output signal obtains the stepped change curve of AC signal.Signal condition subelement, for the AC signal of stepped change into
Row high-frequency harmonic ingredient removes and voltage amplitude adjustment.Signal amplify subelement, respectively with induction plate and MOS switch
The second connection end of pipe connects, the unlatching and/or closing of MOS switch pipe, respectively so that discrete capacitor array and signal detection list
Member connection and/or disconnection to complete detection and/or amplification to Sensor section output signal, and then obtain AC signal
Stepped change curve, to calculate external electrical field size.
In some embodiments of the present disclosure, detecting signal unit, for calculating external electrical field according to following formula：
Q=U × C=U × n × C1
Wherein, Q is the charge size of the external electrical field induction in induction plate, and U is voltage value, and C is discrete capacitor array
Total capacitance value, C1For the capacitance of the single package capacitance in discrete capacitor array, U1It is C for total capacitance value1When voltage
Value, ε are dielectric constant, and S is induction electrode area, and E is external electrical field；Wherein, multi-way contral unit, for according to sequential control
Multi-channel switch array processed sequentially break-make, obtains the total capacitance value of discrete capacitor array；Detecting signal unit, for measuring correspondence
The voltage value at capacitance both ends carries out differential amplification by detecting signal unit to voltage, and the ladder for obtaining AC signal voltage becomes
Change curve；And then the removal of high-frequency harmonic ingredient and voltage amplitude adjustment are carried out for the AC signal to stepped change, to hand over
Output voltage signal is flowed, external electrical field size is obtained.
In some embodiments of the present disclosure, multi-way contral unit is made of FPGA, to press n MOS switch pipe of ordered pair
It gradually opens and closes, realizes that the capacitance of discrete capacitor array orderly changes.
In some embodiments of the present disclosure, detecting signal unit includes the filter circuit and letter built by operational amplifier
Number amplifying circuit, output signal pass through differential amplifier circuit, filter circuit and the signal condition electricity of operational amplifier structure successively
Road.
In some embodiments of the present disclosure, the frequency of low frequency electric field is no more than 1000Hz.
In some embodiments of the present disclosure, the array arrangement of discrete capacitor array is arranged for parallel connected array；Multichannel is opened
The array arrangement of array is closed to arrange for parallel connected array.
In some embodiments of the present disclosure, induction plate is metal polar plate, and material is the gold such as tin, gold, stainless steel, aluminium
Belong to conductor.
In some embodiments of the present disclosure, induction plate be based on print circuit plates making, induction plate not with discrete electric
What appearance array was connected covers copper on one side.
In some embodiments of the present disclosure, discrete capacitor array is with induction plate by being welded to connect.
(3) advantageous effect
It can be seen from the above technical proposal that electric-field sensor system of the disclosure based on multi-channel switch at least have with
One of lower advantageous effect or in which a part：
(1) discrete capacitor Array Design may be implemented effective wide scope variation of capacitance, without mechanical moving element, not have
There is consume, can work long hours.
(2) discrete capacitor Array Design, cooperation multi-channel switch control, structural integrity is strong, and temperature stability is high, favorably
It is processed in mass production.
(3) setting of detecting signal unit realizes the detection to Sensor section output signal and amplification.
(4) multi-way contral unit realizes the timing control to multi-channel switch array, realizes the electricity of discrete capacitor array
Capacitance orderly changes.
Description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the structural schematic diagram of electric-field sensor system of the embodiment of the present disclosure based on multi-channel switch.
【Embodiment of the present disclosure main element symbol description in attached drawing】
1- induction plates；2- discrete capacitor arrays；
3- multi-channel switch arrays；4- detecting signal units；
5- multi-way contral units.
Specific implementation mode
The electric-field sensor system based on multi-channel switch that present disclose provides a kind of, mainly passes through multi-way contral unit
It realizes the control to multi-channel switch array, and then controls discrete capacitor array and be connected to and/or disconnect with detecting signal unit,
Quantity to be measured is converted into detection AC signal from unstable direct current signal is detected.The disclosure mainly solves the problems, such as in the external world
Under the action of low frequency electric field, the variation of electric field is very slow, is almost in most cases DC electrostatic field, frequency range highest is not
More than hundreds of hertz, capacitance both end voltage U is minimum D. C. value, and unstable, it is difficult to be detected.Multi-way contral in the disclosure
Unit controls multi-channel switch array sequentially break-make, realizes the exchange variation of the total capacitance value of discrete capacitor array so that corresponding
U from DC quantity variation be AC signal, to be easy to detect, realize low frequency and DC electric field detection.
To make the purpose, technical scheme and advantage of the disclosure be more clearly understood, below in conjunction with specific embodiment, and reference
The disclosure is further described in attached drawing.
Disclosure some embodiments will be done with reference to appended attached drawing in rear and more comprehensively describe to property, some of but not complete
The embodiment in portion will be shown.In fact, the various embodiments of the disclosure can be realized in many different forms, and should not be construed
To be limited to this several illustrated embodiment；Relatively, these embodiments are provided so that the disclosure meets applicable legal requirement.
It is placed in external electrical field E in the low frequency electric field sensing system that the disclosure is provided, it is as follows based on electromagnetic principles：
Wherein D is electric displacement vector.
D=ε E
ε is dielectric constant, and E is external electrical field, and Q is the charge size of the external electrical field E inductions in induction plate 1.
As can be seen that Q show that, when 1 area of induction plate immobilizes, the size of Q is proportional to by external electrical field E inductions
External electrical field.
Single capacitance in discrete capacitor array 2 is C1, since circuit form is parallel connection, so total capacitance value is C=
nC1, both end voltage U, according to circuit theory, Q sizes are：
Q=U × C=U × n × C1
Since Q does not change in electrostatic field to be measured, the present invention can lead to the change of U by effectively changing the size of C
Change, so, detection AC signal U can reflect the size of external electrical field.
In an exemplary embodiment of the disclosure, a kind of electric-field sensor system based on multi-channel switch is provided
System.Fig. 1 is the structural schematic diagram of electric-field sensor system of the embodiment of the present disclosure based on multi-channel switch.As shown in Figure 1, specific
Including：Discrete capacitor array 2, induction plate 1, multi-channel switch array 3 and detecting signal unit 4；Discrete capacitor array 2, packet
N encapsulation capacitance is included, the array arrangement of discrete capacitor array 2 is arranged for parallel connected array；Induction plate 1, with discrete capacitor battle array
2 first end of row connects, to realize the induction to extraneous low frequency electric field signals.Induction plate 1 is metal polar plate, and material is
The metallic conductors such as tin, gold, stainless steel, aluminium.Induction plate 1 is also based on print circuit plates making, induction plate 1 not with it is discrete
What capacitor array 2 was connected covers copper on one side, easy to make, easy to process, at low cost, and the discrete capacitor array 2 at the back side and just
The copper that covers in face is directly connected by through-hole, and signal integrity is more preferable.Multi-channel switch array 3, with discrete capacitor array 2 second
The array arrangement of end connection, multi-channel switch array 3 is arranged for parallel connected array；And detecting signal unit 4, respectively with induction
Pole plate 1 and multi-channel switch array 3 connect, to complete detection and amplification to Sensor section output signal, signal detection list
The filter circuit and signal amplification circuit that member 4 is built by operational amplifier, output signal pass through operational amplifier structure successively
Differential amplifier circuit, filter circuit and signal conditioning circuit.
Multi-channel switch array 3 includes n MOS switch pipe, and the first connecting pin of each MOS switch pipe is sealed with one respectively
Fill capacitance connection, the second connection end of MOS switch pipe connect with detecting signal unit 4 respectively, the unlatching of MOS switch pipe and/or
It closes, respectively so that discrete capacitor array 2 is connected to and/or disconnects with detecting signal unit 4.The disclosure further includes multi-way contral
Unit 4 is connect with the control terminal of n MOS switch pipe, for carrying out timing control to multi-channel switch array 3.It is more in the disclosure
Channel control unit is made of FPGA, gradually to be opened and closed by ordered pair MOS switch pipe, realizes discrete capacitor array
Capacitance orderly changes.
Concrete operations in actual use can be that concrete operations are that controlling multichannel by multi-way contral unit 5 opens
The sequentially break-make of array 3 is closed, at this moment, it is C that the total capacitance value of discrete capacitor array 2 changes successively1、2C1、......、nC1、(n-1)
C1、......、2C1、C1.Since the exchange of capacitance changes so that also respective change is U to capacitance both end voltage U1、U1/
2、……、U1/n、U1/(n-1)、......、U1/2、U1, so, differential amplification is carried out to voltage U by detecting signal unit 4,
The stepped change curve of AC signal U can be obtained；High frequency is removed to the voltage signal U of stepped change by signal conditioning circuit
Harmonic components obtain linear smoothing ac voltage signal.This signal is form of communication, is not easy, by noise jamming, to be easy to detect.It is right
The peak value of this signal is detected and extracts, and can calculate U1, it is possible to the size for calculating external electrical field is：
Wherein, S is induction electrode area.
Practical operation and in use, by invention sensor be positioned in required standard electric field, change electric field value, record
Voltage value is detected, to set up the correspondence of detection voltage value and external electrical field value, realizes the calibration of institute's invention sensor
With detection work.
So far, electric-field sensor system introduction of one embodiment of the disclosure based on multi-channel switch finishes.
So far, attached drawing is had been combined the embodiment of the present disclosure is described in detail.It should be noted that in attached drawing or saying
In bright book text, the realization method for not being painted or describing is form known to a person of ordinary skill in the art in technical field, and
It is not described in detail.In addition, the above-mentioned definition to each element and method be not limited in mentioning in embodiment it is various specific
Structure, shape or mode, those of ordinary skill in the art simply can be changed or replaced to it.
According to above description, those skilled in the art should be to electric-field sensor system of the disclosure based on multi-channel switch
There is clear understanding.
In conclusion the disclosure provides a kind of electric-field sensor system based on multi-channel switch.Pass through multi-way contral
Unit controls multi-channel switch array sequentially break-make, realizes the total capacitance value exchange variation of discrete capacitor array so that corresponding U
It is AC signal from DC quantity variation, is easy to detect, realizes the detection of low frequency and DC electric field.
It should also be noted that, the direction term mentioned in embodiment, for example, "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", " left side ",
" right side " etc. is only the direction of refer to the attached drawing, not is used for limiting the protection domain of the disclosure.Through attached drawing, identical element by
Same or similar reference numeral indicates.When that understanding of this disclosure may be caused to cause to obscure, conventional structure will be omitted
Or construction.
And the shape and size of each component do not reflect actual size and ratio in figure, and only illustrate the embodiment of the present disclosure
Content.In addition, in the claims, any reference mark between bracket should not be configured to the limit to claim
System.
It unless there are known entitled phase otherwise anticipates, the numerical parameter in this specification and appended claims is approximation, energy
Enough required characteristic changings according to as obtained by content of this disclosure.Specifically, all be used in specification and claim
The number of the middle content for indicating composition, reaction condition etc., it is thus understood that repaiied by the term of " about " in all situations
Decorations.Under normal circumstances, the meaning expressed refers to including by specific quantity ± 10% variation in some embodiments, at some
± 5% variation in embodiment, ± 1% variation in some embodiments, in some embodiments ± 0.5% variation.
Furthermore word "comprising" does not exclude the presence of element or step not listed in the claims.Before element
Word "a" or "an" does not exclude the presence of multiple such elements.
The word of specification and ordinal number such as " first ", " second ", " third " etc. used in claim, with modification
Corresponding element, itself is not meant to that the element has any ordinal number, does not also represent the suitable of a certain element and another element
Sequence in sequence or manufacturing method, the use of those ordinal numbers are only used for enabling the element with certain name and another tool
There is the element of identical name that can make clear differentiation.
Similarly, it should be understood that in order to simplify the disclosure and help to understand one or more of each open aspect,
Above in the description of the exemplary embodiment of the disclosure, each feature of the disclosure is grouped together into single implementation sometimes
In example, figure or descriptions thereof.However, the method for the disclosure should be construed to reflect following intention：It is i.e. required to protect
The disclosure of shield requires features more more than the feature being expressly recited in each claim.More precisely, as following
Claims reflect as, open aspect is all features less than single embodiment disclosed above.Therefore,
Thus the claims for following specific implementation mode are expressly incorporated in the specific implementation mode, wherein each claim itself
All as the separate embodiments of the disclosure.
Particular embodiments described above has carried out further in detail the purpose, technical solution and advantageous effect of the disclosure
It describes in detail bright, it should be understood that the foregoing is merely the specific embodiment of the disclosure, is not limited to the disclosure, it is all
Within the spirit and principle of the disclosure, any modification, equivalent substitution, improvement and etc. done should be included in the guarantor of the disclosure
Within the scope of shield.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of electric-field sensor system based on multi-channel switch, including：
Discrete capacitor array, including n encapsulation capacitance, the n encapsulation capacitance are electrically connected；
The first end of induction plate, the n encapsulation capacitance of the discrete capacitor array is connect with the induction plate, to
Realize the induction to extraneous low frequency electric field signals；
First connecting pin of multi-channel switch array, including n MOS switch pipe, each MOS switch pipe is sealed with one respectively
Fill the second end connection of capacitance；The unlatching and/or closing of each MOS switch pipe, respectively so that the discrete capacitor array
In encapsulate accordingly capacitance connection and/or disconnect；
Detecting signal unit is connect respectively with the second connection end of a MOS switch pipes of n and the induction plate, for surveying
Quantity sensor output voltage signal simultaneously carries out signal processing to output signal；And
Multi-way contral unit is connect with the control terminal of the n MOS switch pipe, for when being carried out to multi-channel switch array
Sequence controls；
Wherein, n ＞ 1, the multi-way contral unit realize discrete capacitor battle array by the timing control to multi-channel switch array
The variation of capacitance is accessed in row, and by the variation of detecting signal unit sense capacitance both ends relevant voltage, and then calculate
Go out extraneous electric field level.
2. electric-field sensor system according to claim 1,
The detecting signal unit includes：
Signal amplification subelement obtains the stepped change curve of AC signal for amplifying sensor output signal；And
Signal condition subelement carries out the removal of high-frequency harmonic ingredient and voltage amplitude for the AC signal to stepped change
Adjustment；
The signal amplifies subelement, is connect respectively with the second connection end of the induction plate and the MOS switch pipe, institute
State the unlatching and/or closing of MOS switch pipe, respectively so that the discrete capacitor array be connected to the detecting signal unit with/
Or disconnect, to complete detection and/or amplification to Sensor section output signal, and then the stepped change for obtaining AC signal is bent
Line, to calculate external electrical field size.
3. electric-field sensor system according to claim 1, the detecting signal unit, for being calculated according to following formula
External electrical field：
Q=U × C=U × n × C1
Wherein, Q is the charge size of the external electrical field induction in induction plate, and U is voltage value, and C is the total of discrete capacitor array
Capacitance, C1For the capacitance of the single package capacitance in discrete capacitor array, U1It is C for total capacitance value1When voltage value, ε is
Dielectric constant, S are induction electrode area, and E is external electrical field；
Wherein, the multi-way contral unit, for according to timing control multi-channel switch array sequentially break-make, obtaining discrete electric
Hold the total capacitance value of array；
The detecting signal unit, the voltage value for measuring corresponding capacitance both ends, by the detecting signal unit to voltage
Differential amplification is carried out, the stepped change curve of AC signal voltage is obtained；And then the AC signal for stepped change carries out
High-frequency harmonic ingredient removes and voltage amplitude adjustment, with output AC voltage signal, obtains external electrical field size.
4. electric-field sensor system according to claim 1, wherein the multi-way contral unit, is made of FPGA, with
It is gradually opened and closed by n MOS switch pipe of ordered pair, realizes that the capacitance of discrete capacitor array orderly changes.
5. electric-field sensor system according to claim 1, wherein the detecting signal unit includes by operational amplifier
The filter circuit and signal amplification circuit of structure, output signal pass through the differential amplifier circuit of operational amplifier structure, filter successively
Wave circuit and signal conditioning circuit.
6. electric-field sensor system according to claim 1, wherein the frequency of the low frequency electric field is no more than 1000Hz.
7. electric-field sensor system according to claim 1, wherein the array arrangement of the discrete capacitor array is parallel connection
Array arrangement；The array arrangement of the multi-channel switch array is arranged for parallel connected array.
8. electric-field sensor system according to claim 1, wherein the induction plate is metal polar plate, and material is
The metallic conductors such as tin, gold, stainless steel, aluminium.
9. electric-field sensor system according to claim 1, wherein the induction plate is based on print circuit plates making,
The induction plate does not cover copper on one side with what the discrete capacitor array was connected.
10. electric-field sensor system according to claim 1, wherein the discrete capacitor array and the induction plate
By being welded to connect.
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| CN108490273B (en) | 2019-11-15 |
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