CN108490248A - A kind of voltage monitoring and voltage protection - Google Patents

A kind of voltage monitoring and voltage protection Download PDF

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Publication number
CN108490248A
CN108490248A CN201810203994.5A CN201810203994A CN108490248A CN 108490248 A CN108490248 A CN 108490248A CN 201810203994 A CN201810203994 A CN 201810203994A CN 108490248 A CN108490248 A CN 108490248A
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voltage
module
controlling unit
analog
protection
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CN108490248B (en
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胡骅
赵启承
李林
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Zhejiang Ocean University ZJOU
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Zhejiang Ocean University ZJOU
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    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01RMEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
    • G01R19/00Arrangements for measuring currents or voltages or for indicating presence or sign thereof
    • G01R19/25Arrangements for measuring currents or voltages or for indicating presence or sign thereof using digital measurement techniques
    • G01R19/2506Arrangements for conditioning or analysing measured signals, e.g. for indicating peak values ; Details concerning sampling, digitizing or waveform capturing
    • G01R19/2509Details concerning sampling, digitizing or waveform capturing
    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01RMEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
    • G01R19/00Arrangements for measuring currents or voltages or for indicating presence or sign thereof
    • G01R19/22Arrangements for measuring currents or voltages or for indicating presence or sign thereof using conversion of ac into dc
    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01RMEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
    • G01R23/00Arrangements for measuring frequencies; Arrangements for analysing frequency spectra
    • G01R23/16Spectrum analysis; Fourier analysis
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02HEMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
    • H02H1/00Details of emergency protective circuit arrangements
    • H02H1/0007Details of emergency protective circuit arrangements concerning the detecting means
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02HEMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
    • H02H3/00Emergency protective circuit arrangements for automatic disconnection directly responsive to an undesired change from normal electric working condition with or without subsequent reconnection ; integrated protection
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02HEMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
    • H02H3/00Emergency protective circuit arrangements for automatic disconnection directly responsive to an undesired change from normal electric working condition with or without subsequent reconnection ; integrated protection
    • H02H3/20Emergency protective circuit arrangements for automatic disconnection directly responsive to an undesired change from normal electric working condition with or without subsequent reconnection ; integrated protection responsive to excess voltage
    • H02H3/207Emergency protective circuit arrangements for automatic disconnection directly responsive to an undesired change from normal electric working condition with or without subsequent reconnection ; integrated protection responsive to excess voltage also responsive to under-voltage
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02EREDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E40/00Technologies for an efficient electrical power generation, transmission or distribution
    • Y02E40/30Reactive power compensation

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Mathematical Physics (AREA)
  • Supply And Distribution Of Alternating Current (AREA)

Abstract

A kind of voltage monitoring and voltage protection, including:First voltage changing module, the second Transformer Rectifier module, analog-digital converter, analysis controlling unit, Interface for digital communication module, alarm module and voltage protection module;First voltage changing module is connect with analog-digital converter;Analysis controlling unit is connect with analog-digital converter, and the voltage signal of input is converted into digital signal and is output to analysis controlling unit by analog-digital converter, and analysis controlling unit calculates voltage deviation and voltage harmonic aberration rate;Analysis controlling unit is connect with Interface for digital communication module, alarm module and voltage protection module;Second Transformer Rectifier module is used to the alternating voltage of input being converted into DC voltage, is analog-digital converter, analysis controlling unit, Interface for digital communication module and voltage protection module power supply.The device of the invention realizes to the monitoring of supply voltage deviation and voltage harmonic aberration rate and realizes voltage protection, avoids the influence that voltage deviation is larger or harmonic voltage transfinites to user equipment normal operation and service life.

Description

A kind of voltage monitoring and voltage protection
Technical field
The present invention relates to low-voltage distribution field more particularly to a kind of voltage monitorings and voltage protection.
Background technology
Previous《Power supply and business rules》Regulation:" as defined in power supply enterprise when peak load of grid:
The user power factor of 100kVA and the above high voltage supply is 0.90 or more, otherwise should increase reactive power compensator. Therefore, distribution end is configured with the reactive-load compensation equipments such as a large amount of shunt capacitors.Meanwhile and since power supply enterprise is to industrial user Deng implementation " two electricity charge systems ":(1) basic charge as per installed capacity monthly presses filled main transformer capacity (kVA) charging paying fee;(2) the electric energy electricity charge, by every It consumes electric energy (kWh) by the moon and calculates the electricity charge, and a regulation coefficient is multiplied according to the height of monthly average power factor.All monthly average power Factor can pay less certain electricity charge higher than specified value.Ministry of Water Resources and Electric Power, State Bureau of Commodity Prices's file --- (83) water power wealth word No. 215《Power factor adjustment charge method》Allow, by user monthly practical active energy and capacity of idle power, to calculate monthly average work( Rate factor.Therefore, the shunt capacitor of considerable industrial and mining enterprises' configuration often traditionally can all be put into operation by long-term.In addition, Since land used is nervous and the factors urban distribution network such as safe beauty uses a large amount of cable run, and cable run direct-to-ground capacitance It is larger, late into the night etc. at light load, reactive power can be caused superfluous and make the voltage level of distribution end higher.
On the other hand, since environment in recent years and energy security problem increasingly attract attention, in national legislation policy Under promotion, the renewable energy power generation application of user side just gradually quickly increases.Since original distribution is planned and is run not In view of a kind of this situation, when therefore, in distribution largely accessing renewable energy power generation, by previous unilateral side electricity when matching network operation Source power grid becomes more power generating facilities and power grids, and since generated output of renewable energy source variation randomness is larger and need to use power electronics It is grid-connected after the rectified inversion of device, may to the power quality of distribution, power supply reliability, relay protection configuration and adjust Bring a series of influences, original control measure with network operation can may not play its due effectiveness.
Currently, electric energy quality monitoring and control are concentrated mainly on power grid supply side, if by current electric energy quality monitoring side When case is applied to user side, investment is excessively high, while the electric energy quality monitoring of multi objective, high-precision, large capacity is for general user For also without practical significance.For low-voltage customer, influence its power quality principal element be supply voltage deviation and Harmonic voltage is more than permissible value.The normal operation of user equipment can be influenced when voltage deviation is larger or harmonic voltage transfinites and is made With the service life, power supply system internal fault causes supply voltage to increase and leads to case that wide range of users electrical equipment damages also repeatly See not fresh.And be widely used in being integrated in the miniature circuit breaker of low-voltage distribution system terminal short-circuit protection, overload protection with And earth leakage protective etc., but consider that voltage is higher or relatively low and the case where when harmonic voltage transfinites.
Invention content
The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of voltage monitoring and voltage protections.Therefore, the present invention uses following technology Scheme.
A kind of voltage monitoring and voltage protection, described device include:First voltage changing module, the second Transformer Rectifier mould Block, analog-digital converter, analysis controlling unit, Interface for digital communication module, alarm module and voltage protection module;
First voltage changing module is connect with the analog-digital converter, and first voltage changing module is by the alternating voltage of input Be converted to the voltage signal for being suitble to be input to the analog-digital converter;
The analysis controlling unit is connect with the analog-digital converter, and the analog-digital converter turns the voltage signal of input It changes digital signal into and is output to the analysis controlling unit, the analysis controlling unit calculates voltage deviation and voltage harmonic is abnormal Variability;
The analysis controlling unit and the Interface for digital communication module, the alarm module and the voltage protection module Connection;
The second Transformer Rectifier module is used to the alternating voltage of input being converted into DC voltage, is the analog-to-digital conversion Device, the analysis controlling unit, the Interface for digital communication module and voltage protection module power supply.
Preferably, first voltage changing module includes voltage transformer, voltage magnitude attenuator circuit and DC potential biasing Circuit.
Preferably, the second Transformer Rectifier module includes transformer, rectification circuit and regulator circuit.
Preferably, the voltage protection module include output driving amplifying circuit, intermediate relay and with the centre after The corresponding intermediate relay contact of electric appliance.
Preferably, the AC power of the intermediate relay contact and input connects.
Preferably, the intermediate relay contact is connect with magnetictrip.
Preferably, the Interface for digital communication module is RS232 communication interface modules or RS485 communication interface modules.
Preferably, the alarm module is sound-light alarm.
Preferably, described device further includes button and display screen, the button and display screen and the analysis controlling unit Connection.
The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows:Invention proposes providing a kind of digital voltage monitoring and voltage protection, It realizes the monitoring to supply voltage deviation and voltage harmonic aberration rate and realizes voltage protection, it is larger or humorous to avoid voltage deviation Wave voltage transfinites the influence to user equipment normal operation and service life.In addition, the rectifying and voltage-stabilizing input of the device of the invention Circuit respectively uses one group of transformer with voltage signal circuit to be measured, to avoid rectifying and voltage-stabilizing input circuit to voltage signal to be measured Interference.
Description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the structure chart of the voltage monitoring and voltage protection of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is the 8 point DIT-FFT operation flow graph schematic diagrames of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is the voltage deviation and voltage harmonic aberration rate calculation process of the present invention.
Specific implementation mode
Following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and technical solution in the embodiment of the present invention carries out clear, complete Site preparation describes, it is clear that described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, instead of all the embodiments.It is based on Embodiment in the present invention, it is obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without making creative efforts every other Embodiment shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
A kind of voltage monitoring and voltage protection, including:First voltage changing module, the second Transformer Rectifier module, modulus turn Parallel operation, analysis controlling unit, Interface for digital communication module, alarm module and voltage protection module.First voltage changing module and modulus Converter connects, and the alternating voltage of input is converted to the voltage signal for being suitble to be input to analog-digital converter by the first voltage changing module. Analysis controlling unit is connect with analog-digital converter, and analysis controlling unit can be that microcontroller can also be MCU, and analog-digital converter will The voltage signal of input is converted into digital signal and is output to analysis controlling unit, and analysis controlling unit calculates voltage deviation and electricity Press percent harmonic distortion.Analysis controlling unit is connect with Interface for digital communication module, alarm module and voltage protection module.Second becomes Repoussage flow module is used to the alternating voltage of input being converted into DC voltage, logical for analog-digital converter, analysis controlling unit, number Believe interface module and voltage protection module power supply.
The present invention will be described in detail below.
Voltage deviation is also known as variation, and for power grid, supply voltage deviation refers to actual motion voltage to system mark The deviation relative value for claiming voltage, is expressed as a percentage;For electrical equipment, voltage deviation refers to the end electricity of given instant equipment Press U and equipment rated voltage UNDifference to the percentage value of rated voltage, i.e.,:
According to GB/T 12325-2008《Power quality supply voltage deviation》Regulation, 20kV and following three phase supply electricity Pressure deviation is that ± 7%, the 220V single phase power supplies voltage deviation of nominal voltage is+the 7% of nominal voltage, -10%, special circumstances User by supplying, electricity consumption bilateral agreement determines.
It is counted with reference to the measurement method of power grid supply voltage deviation, that is, when obtaining the basic measurement of voltage effective value Between window should be 10 cycles, and each time of measuring window should be not be overlapped with adjacent time of measuring window, continuous to measure And the average value of voltage effective value is calculated, it calculates and obtains supply voltage deviation.
Voltage harmonic aberration rate passes through voltage total harmonic distortion factor THDV, voltage regulation h subharmonic containing ratios HRVhIndex degree Amount:
Subscript h in formula indicates overtone order, is above designated as the 1 expression parameter as fundamental wave amount.
GB/T 14549-93《Power quality utility network harmonic wave》Index related with harmonic voltage is as shown in the table:
1 voltage harmonic aberration rate limit value of table
As shown in Figure 1, supply voltage converts to obtain 0~5V ac voltage signals (i.e. input AC time through voltage transformer Road);The voltage is via R1、R2、R3The passive attenuation circuit of composition carries out the range of decrease, adds based on reference voltage source (TL431) Direct current biasing, to ensure the voltage signal of input a/d converter between 0~+5V, A/D converter is calculated by sampling by mould Quasi- voltage signal is converted into digital signal (i.e. A/D sample conversions circuit) and is output to microcontroller or MCU, microcontroller or MCU because This obtains discrete voltage data (microcontroller that included A/D conversion functions can also be used), then is realized to power frequency based on fft algorithm And the extraction of related subharmonic voltage (2~25 subharmonic voltage) and the calculating of voltage deviation and voltage harmonic aberration rate.FFT Algorithm is realized by microcontroller or MCU.When the voltage deviation of calculating is more than preset value, (such as ± 20%) or voltage harmonic are abnormal When variability transfinites, microcontroller or MCU can change the state (setting to 0) of corresponding pin, with start the alarm module being connected or/ And voltage protection module, to send out sound-light alarm prompt or/and carry out corresponding trip operation.Interface for digital communication may be used Digital control letter can be transmitted in RS232 Interface for digital communication or RS485 Interface for digital communication, RS232 or RS485 Interface for digital communication Number, (the reserved communication interfaces that also can be used as intelligent control) such as data is uploaded, voltage monitoring situation can be uploaded.Communication interface When using MAX485 chips or MAX232 chips, RS485 or RS232 communication interfaces can be respectively constituted.The DC power supply of device is logical It crosses full-wave rectification and is obtained plus 7805 regulator circuits, provide DC power supply for A/D converter, MCU and Interface for digital communication, be The interference to voltage signal to be measured is avoided, (i.e. supply voltage is whole using another supply transformer for rectifying and voltage-stabilizing input circuit Flow loop of voltage regulation).
Can realize whether to allow voltage alarm by button, tripping setting, voltage alarm, trip threshold setting value are set It sets, the releasing of voltage alarm and tripping control signal, if allow to send electricity by RS232 or RS485 digital communication mouths Pressure alarm, tripping control signal, if allow rate of qualified voltage, highest/minimum through RS232 or RS485 digital communications mouth The data such as voltage, voltage harmonic aberration rate upload etc.;Liquid crystal display can show that current voltage value and voltage deviation value, voltage harmonic are abnormal Highest/minimum voltage value before variability, signal relief and voltage harmonic aberration rate, if allow alarm, tripping facilities, electricity Pressure alarm, trip threshold setting value;When allowing alarm setting, when voltage deviation and/or voltage harmonic aberration rate are more than permissible value, It is prompted by sound-light alarm;When tripping being allowed to be arranged, it can be allowed according to electrical equipment operating voltage and/or voltage harmonic aberration rate Range setting tripping control threshold (such as 1.2UNDeng).
Microcontroller pin current driving ability is insufficient, as shown in Figure 1, the pin of microcontroller and resistance R5Connection, resistance R5With PNP triode connects, and increases driving current by a PNP triode.Diode is in parallel with intermediate relay KM.Resistance R5、 PNP triode and diode constitute output driving amplifying circuit.When supply voltage is more than trip threshold and tripping is allowed to be arranged, connect The microcontroller pin level of intermediate relay KM becomes low level from high level, and PNP triode is at this time saturation conduction, to connect Circuit where logical intermediate relay, relay moving together contact KM are closed, and ac control circuit are connected, to make magnetictrip Action drives built-in shaft rotation is dynamic to realize tripping.When device comes with magnetictrip, it can coordinate not with magnetictrip Low-voltage circuit breaker uses, and realizes the tripping of low-voltage circuit breaker.If device need to only provide tripping when transmitting, in ac control circuit not Need magnetictrip shown in FIG. 1, the magnetictrip which is directly connected to matched low-voltage circuit breaker that jump can be realized Lock controls.The device of the invention can be applied in the low-voltage circuit breaker of low-voltage distribution system terminal.
As described above, discrete voltage data are analyzed using fast Fourier algorithm (FFT), by N be 2 it is whole The gradually decomposition of number power time series x (n) can obtain its power frequency and each harmonic component.
For purposes of illustration only, by taking 8 point DIT-FFT algorithms as an example, operation flow graph is as shown in Fig. 2, set each periodic sampling 8 Point, then the points in operation flow graph (i.e. operation length) N=8, and N=2M=23, wherein M is the operation series of algorithm.Sampling List entries need to carry out binary inverse order sequence by serial number, be 100 after backward sequence if the serial number binary code of A (1) is 001, Therefore, A (1) position corresponds to x (4) in Fig. 3, and the serial number binary code of A (0) is 000, constant, A (10) position after backward sequence Corresponding x (0).
The black dot that each in Fig. 3 intersects represents a butterfly computation, and each butterfly computation need to be multiplied by such as formula (2) Shown twiddle factor, wherein a=cos (2 π/N), a=-sin (2 π/N).
According to butterfly computation flow shown in Fig. 3, it is illustrated below:
1st grade of the 1st butterfly computation:
1st grade of the 2nd butterfly computation:
2nd grade of the 1st butterfly computation:
After completing 3 grades of butterfly transformation, voltage effective value is calculated as follows:
Wherein, U (0)=A3(0),(power frequency component),
It calculates and calculates voltage deviation further according to formula (1) after voltage effective value and each harmonic voltage, according to formula (2), (3) calculate voltage total harmonic distortion factor and each harmonic voltage containing ratio.
Voltage monitoring is designed as each cycle with protective device and samples at 64 points, therefore has 6 grades of butterfly computations, can theoretically realize Up to 32 times frequency analyses.The calculation process of voltage deviation is as shown in Figure 3.
Simulating, verifying is based on Proteus platforms, passes through being superimposed and according to sampling for power frequency component and several harmonic component Frequency generate analog voltage data simultaneously be stored in advance in another microcontroller, from the microcontroller to voltage monitoring module transmission data into Row emulation.
Harmonic component is usually little in actual electric network, to being answered in low pressure family, little Wei enterprises and rural power grids user For, frequency analysis need to only calculate its power frequency component and 2~25 order harmonic components, when distribution transformer uses Dyn wiring, 3 Secondary and its multiplied frequency harmonic component is suppressed due to forming circulation in first winding.As table 2 simulates the power frequency point of virtual voltage Amount and each harmonic component, the worst error in power frequency and each harmonic analysis result are as shown in table 3.
Table 2 simulates supply voltage each harmonic component virtual value
3 frequency analysis worst error of table
For three-phase AC electrical supply system, there is three-phase three-wire system (to indicate that this just has A phases, B with A, B, C respectively per phase Phase, C phases are not) and three-phase four-wire system (in addition to corresponding three line of A phase, B phase, C phase, also 1 neutral conductor, being indicated with N).
Fig. 1 can indicate the case where supply voltage is single-phase voltage, can be divided into following two situations:
1, single-phase situation 1, using phase voltage as rated voltage (rated voltage 220V), then L1, L2 in Fig. 1 can be A, Any one in N, B, N or C, N;
2, single-phase situation 2, using line voltage as rated voltage (rated voltage 380V), then L1, L2 in Fig. 1 can be A, Any one in B, B, C or C, A.
In addition it can be extended for the case where piezoelectric voltage is three-phase from Fig. 1, following two situations can be divided into:
First voltage changing module is extended to three groups by 1, three-phase situation 1, three-phase three-wire system, i.e. voltage transformer in Fig. 1, Resistance R1、R2、R3、R4, capacitance C3Three groups are extended to reference voltage source, L1, L2 in Fig. 1 become phase three-wire three A, B, C.A, B, B, C, C, A correspond to one group of first voltage changing module respectively, and voltage conversion is carried out respectively to the three-phase voltage of input;
First voltage changing module is extended to three groups by 2, three-phase situation 2, three-phase four-wire system, i.e. voltage transformer in Fig. 1, Resistance R1、R2、R3、R4, capacitance C3Be extended to three groups with reference voltage source, L1, L2 in Fig. 1 become three-phase and four-line A, B, C and in Property line N.A, N, B, N, C, N correspond to one group of first voltage changing module, voltage conversion are carried out respectively to the three-phase voltage of input respectively.
The present invention proposes a kind of voltage monitoring designed based on microcontroller and protective device, develops the electricity based on FFT Deviation and voltage harmonic aberration rate parser are pressed, is calculated by emulation on Proteus platforms and installation cost, as a result Show that the device at lower cost and can conveniently realize the voltage of low pressure family, little Wei enterprises and rural power grids user side Monitoring and protection.
The above-described embodiments merely illustrate the principles and effects of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the present invention.It is any ripe The personage for knowing this technology can all carry out modifications and changes to above-described embodiment without violating the spirit and scope of the present invention.Cause This, institute is complete without departing from the spirit and technical ideas disclosed in the present invention by those of ordinary skill in the art such as At all equivalent modifications or change, should by the present invention claim be covered.

Claims (9)

1. a kind of voltage monitoring and voltage protection, which is characterized in that described device includes:First voltage changing module, second become Repoussage flow module, analog-digital converter, analysis controlling unit, Interface for digital communication module, alarm module and voltage protection module;
First voltage changing module is connect with the analog-digital converter, and first voltage changing module converts the alternating voltage of input To be suitble to be input to the voltage signal of the analog-digital converter;
The analysis controlling unit is connect with the analog-digital converter, and the voltage signal of input is converted by the analog-digital converter Digital signal is simultaneously output to the analysis controlling unit, and the analysis controlling unit calculates voltage deviation and voltage harmonic distortion Rate;
The analysis controlling unit connects with the Interface for digital communication module, the alarm module and the voltage protection module It connects;
The second Transformer Rectifier module is used to the alternating voltage of input being converted into DC voltage, be the analog-digital converter, The analysis controlling unit, the Interface for digital communication module and voltage protection module power supply.
2. a kind of voltage monitoring as described in claim 1 and voltage protection, which is characterized in that first voltage changing module Including voltage transformer, voltage magnitude attenuator circuit and DC potential biasing circuit.
3. a kind of voltage monitoring as described in claim 1 and voltage protection, which is characterized in that second Transformer Rectifier Module includes transformer, rectification circuit and regulator circuit.
4. a kind of voltage monitoring as described in claim 1 and voltage protection, which is characterized in that the voltage protection module Including output driving amplifying circuit, intermediate relay and intermediate relay corresponding with intermediate relay contact.
5. a kind of voltage monitoring as claimed in claim 4 and voltage protection, which is characterized in that the intermediate relay touches Point is connect with the AC power of input.
6. a kind of voltage monitoring as claimed in claim 5 and voltage protection, which is characterized in that the intermediate relay touches Point is connect with magnetictrip.
7. a kind of voltage monitoring as described in claim 1 and voltage protection, which is characterized in that the Interface for digital communication Module is RS232 communication interface modules or RS485 communication interface modules.
8. a kind of voltage monitoring as described in claim 1 and voltage protection, which is characterized in that the alarm module is sound Light is alarmed.
9. a kind of voltage monitoring as described in claim 1 and voltage protection, which is characterized in that described device further include by Key and display screen, the button and display screen are connect with the analysis controlling unit.
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