CN108484508A - 一种5-三氟甲基尿嘧啶的合成方法 - Google Patents

一种5-三氟甲基尿嘧啶的合成方法 Download PDF

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CN108484508A
CN108484508A CN201810617861.2A CN201810617861A CN108484508A CN 108484508 A CN108484508 A CN 108484508A CN 201810617861 A CN201810617861 A CN 201810617861A CN 108484508 A CN108484508 A CN 108484508A
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贺春阳
雷云云
黄洋
赵亮
贾佳
李晓飞
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Zunyi Medical University
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Abstract

本申请公开了一种简便条件下制备一种5‑三氟甲基尿嘧啶的合成方法,该方法由尿嘧啶和三氟碘甲烷出发,加入碱后,在可见光照射下,高效率地得到5‑三氟甲基尿嘧啶的结构。得到的部分产物是上市的药物分子或者重要的药物中间体。该方法使用廉价易得的尿嘧啶和三氟碘甲烷为原料,反应过程中仅仅需要光照以及加入廉价的碱而无需使用催化剂,大量生产时,溶剂可以通过减压蒸馏的方法回收。整个生产过程绿色、经济、高效,和以往的生产工艺相比,具有十分显著的优势。

Description

一种5-三氟甲基尿嘧啶的合成方法
技术领域
本发明属于药物以及药物中间体的生产工艺领域,尤其涉及一种5-三氟甲基尿嘧啶的合成方法。
背景技术
5-三氟甲基尿嘧啶是一类在医药领域有着十分广泛应用的结构,如曲氟胸苷是一种广谱抗病毒药物,对单纯疱疹病毒、腺病毒、带状疱疹病毒等有抑制作用,对HSV-I,HSV-II,CMV,水痘病毒及某些腺病毒具抑制作用。由于这类化合物的重要性,目前,针对这一结构的合成方法很多。目前工业上合成这类化合物的方法需要多步反应,最近几年大量的新方法被发展出来合成这类结构,其中效果比较好的方法如下式显示:
由上我们可以看到,这些反应都需要使用一个金属(Fe或者Cu)充当单电子转移介质,同时需要使用一些强的氧化剂,为操作带来较大的不便,为大量生产带来了一些安全隐患,同时增加了生产的成本。
发明内容
本发明意在提供一种5-三氟甲基尿嘧啶的合成方法,以解决现有技术的合成方法都需要使用一个金属(Fe或者Cu)充当单电子转移介质,同时还需要一些强氧化剂的问题;以及解决了以往的光诱导反应需要加入昂贵的光敏剂的问题。
本发明提供的一种5-三氟甲基尿嘧啶的合成方法,于惰性溶剂中,在可见光的照射下,在碱存在的条件下,将式A化合物与式B化合物进行反应,从而形成式C化合物,化学式如下:
上述各式中,
R1为H、取代或未取代的糖环、C1-10烷基、取代或未取代的苯基;
R2为H、C1-10烷基、卤代的C1-10烷基、卤素、-COOC1-4烷基或C1-10的全氟烷基;
R3为H或C1-10烷基。
式A化合物、碱、式B化合物的摩尔比为1~8:1~8:1~8。
优选的,反应在0℃~60℃下进行,进一步优选的,所述的反应在10℃~30℃下进行。
碱选自:碳酸盐或者磷酸盐。
优选的,惰性溶剂选自:N,N-二甲基甲酰胺、二甲基亚砜、乙腈或其组合
本发明的工作原理:本发明的发明人通过长期深入的研究,发现了一种全新的5-三氟甲基尿嘧啶的合成方法,于惰性溶剂中,在可见光照射下,在碱存在下,将式A化合物与式B化合物进行反应,从而得到5-三氟甲基尿嘧啶。该方法具有原料简单、易得,底物适用范围广,操作简便,反应效率高,绿色少污染等优点。在此基础上,发明人完成了本发明。
本发明的有益效果:(1)本发明的方法使用光来促进反应,不需要使用光敏剂;原料和试剂简单易得,且无需经过预活化处理,绿色,环保。同时操作简单,反应步骤短,与现有方法相比,具有显著的经济性。
(2)本发明制得的5-三氟甲基尿嘧啶在生物医药领域有着十分重要的应用前景。
具体实施方式
下面结合具体实施,进一步阐述本发明。应理解,这些实施例仅用于说明本发明而不用于限制本发明的范围。下列实施例中未注明具体条件的实验方法,通常按照常规条件,或按照制造厂商所建议的条件,若未标明反应温度,均表示该反应在室温条件下进行。除非另外说明,否则百分比和份数按重量计算。
以下实施例中均采用本领域常规的后处理方法进行纯化。
实施例1
向25mL的反应管中,加入Na2CO3(0.8mmol),化合物A-1(0.4mmol,1当量),氩气置换三次后加入3mL二甲基亚砜(DMSO),注射100μL(1.2mmol)化合物B的DMSO溶液,在蓝光照射下搅拌24小时后,得化合物C-1,产率为30%。1H NMR(400MHz,d6-dmso)δ11.61(s,2H),8.03(s,1H).19F NMR(376MHz,d6-dmso)δ–56.81(s,3F).
实施例2
向25mL的反应管中,加入K2CO3(0.8mmol),化合物A-1(0.4mmol,1当量),氩气置换三次后加入3mL二甲基亚砜(DMSO),注射100μL(1.2mmol)化合物B的DMSO溶液,在蓝光照射下搅拌24小时后,得化合物C-1,产率为60%。
实施例3
向25mL的反应管中,加入Cs2CO3(0.8mmol),化合物A-1(0.4mmol,1当量),氩气置换三次后加入3mL二甲基亚砜(DMSO),注射100μL(1.2mmol)化合物B的DMSO溶液,在蓝光照射下搅拌24小时后,得化合物C-1,产率为77%。
实施例4
向25mL的反应管中,加入Cs2CO3(0.8mmol),化合物A-1(0.4mmol,1当量),氩气置换三次后加入3mL二甲基亚砜(DMSO),注射100μL(1.2mmol)化合物B的DMSO溶液,在蓝光照射下搅拌12小时后,得化合物C-1,产率为76%。
实施例5
向25mL的反应管中,加入Cs2CO3(0.8mmol),化合物A-1(0.4mmol,1当量),氩气置换三次后加入1mL二甲基亚砜(DMSO),注射100μL(1.2mmol)化合物B的DMSO溶液,在蓝光照射下搅拌12小时后,得化合物C-1,产率为81%。
实施例6
向25mL的反应管中,加入Cs2CO3(0.8mmol),化合物A-1(0.4mmol,1当量),氩气置换三次后加入1mL二甲基亚砜(DMSO),注射100μL(1.2mmol)化合物B的DMSO溶液,在蓝光照射下搅拌12小时后,反应温度为50℃,得化合物C-1,产率为70%。
实施例7
向25mL的反应管中,加入K3PO4(0.8mmol),化合物A-1(0.4mmol,1当量),氩气置换三次后加入3mL二甲基亚砜(DMSO),注射100μL(1.2mmol)化合物B的DMSO溶液,在蓝光照射下搅拌12小时后,得化合物C-1,产率为55%。
实施例8
向25mL的反应管中,加入Cs2CO3(0.8mmol),化合物A-1(0.4mmol,1当量),氩气置换三次后加入3mL二甲基亚砜(DMSO),注射100μL(1.2mmol)化合物B的DMSO溶液,在黄光照射下搅拌24小时后,得化合物C-1,产率为72%。
实施例9
向25mL的反应管中,加入Cs2CO3(0.8mmol),化合物A-1(0.4mmol,1当量),氩气置换三次后加入3mL二甲基亚砜(DMSO),注射100μL(1.2mmol)化合物B的DMSO溶液,在绿光照射下搅拌24小时后,得化合物C-1,产率为70%。
实施例10
向25mL的反应管中,加入Cs2CO3(0.8mmol),化合物A-2(0.4mmol,1当量),氩气置换三次后加入3mL二甲基亚砜(DMSO),注射100μL(1.20mmol)化合物B的DMSO溶液,在蓝光照射下搅拌24小时后,得化合物C-2,产率为53%。1H NMR(400MHz,d6-acetone)δ8.24(s,1H),3.51(s,3H),3.25(s,3H).19F NMR(376MHz,d6-acetone)δ-62.59(s,3F).
实施例11
向25mL的反应管中,加入Cs2CO3(0.8mmol),化合物A-3(0.4mmol,1当量),氩气置换三次后加入3mL二甲基亚砜(DMSO),注射100μL(1.20mmol)化合物B的DMSO溶液,在蓝光照射下搅拌24小时后,得化合物C-3,产率为68%。1H NMR(400MHz,d6-dmso)δ10.9(s,2H),2.3(s,3H).19F NMR(376MHz,d6-dmso)δ–54.1(s,3F).
实施例12
向25mL的反应管中,加入Cs2CO3(0.8mmol),化合物A-4(0.4mmol,1当量),氩气置换三次后加入3mL二甲基亚砜(DMSO),注射100μL(1.20mmol)化合物B的DMSO溶液,在蓝光照射下搅拌24小时后,得化合物C-4,产率为70%。1H NMR(d6-acetone)δ10.7(brs,2H).19F NMR(376MHz,d6-acetone)δ-64.8(q,J=14.6Hz,3F),-58.4(q,J=14.6Hz,3F).
实施例13
向25mL的反应管中,加入Cs2CO3(0.8mmol),化合物A-5(0.4mmol,1当量),氩气置换三次后加入3mL二甲基亚砜(DMSO),注射100μL(1.20mmol)化合物B的DMSO溶液,在蓝光照射下搅拌24小时后,得化合物C-5,产率为53%。1H NMR(400MHz,d6-dmso)δ10.9(s,1H),10.8(s,1H).19F NMR(376MHz,d6-dmso)δ–53.0(s,3F).
实施例14
向25mL的反应管中,加入Cs2CO3(0.8mmol),化合物A-6(0.4mmol,1当量),氩气置换三次后加入3mL二甲基亚砜(DMSO),注射100μL(1.20mmol)化合物B的DMSO溶液,在蓝光照射下搅拌24小时后,得化合物C-6,产率为71%。1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ2.35(ddd,J=6.1Hz,6.3Hz,13.5Hz,1H),2.39(ddd,J=3.6Hz,6.3Hz,13.5Hz,1H),3.86(dd,J=11.7Hz,15.3Hz,2H),4.02(dd,J=3.6Hz,6.1Hz,1H),4.46(brs,2H),4.53(brs,1H),6.27(t,J=6.3Hz,1H),8.84(s,1H),10.5(s,1H).19F NMR(376MHz,CDCl3)δ-63.7(s,3F).
实施例15
向25mL的反应管中,加入Cs2CO3(0.8mmol),化合物A-7(0.4mmol,1当量),氩气置换三次后加入3mL二甲基亚砜(DMSO),注射100μL(1.20mmol)化合物B的DMSO溶液,在蓝光照射下搅拌24小时后,得化合物C-7,产率为41%。1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ2.11(s,3H),2.13(s,3H),2.14(s,3H),4.34(d,J=13.6Hz,1H),4.43(m,1H),4.43(dd,J=3.2Hz,13.6Hz,1H),5.34(t,J=5.4Hz,1H),5.37(t,J=5.4Hz,1H),6.07(d,J=5.4Hz,1H),8.01(s,1H),9.48(s,1H).19F NMR(376MHz,CDCl3)δ-64.0(s,3F).
实施例16
向25mL的反应管中,加入Cs2CO3(0.8mmol),化合物A-8(0.4mmol,1当量),氩气置换三次后加入3mL二甲基亚砜(DMSO),注射100μL(1.20mmol)化合物B的DMSO溶液,在蓝光照射下搅拌24小时后,得化合物C-8,产率为75%。1H NMR(400MHz,d6-acetone)δ3.94(s,3H),10.7(s,1H),11.1(brs,1H).19F NMR(376MHz,d6-acetone)δ-60.6(s,3F).
实施例17
向25mL的反应管中,加入Cs2CO3(0.8mmol),化合物A-9(0.4mmol,1当量),氩气置换三次后加入3mL二甲基亚砜(DMSO),注射100μL(1.20mmol)化合物B的DMSO溶液,在蓝光照射下搅拌24小时后,得化合物C-9,产率为80%。
实施例18
向25mL的反应管中,加入Cs2CO3(0.8mmol),化合物A-9(0.4mmol,1当量),氩气置换三次后加入3mL二甲基亚砜(DMSO),注射200μL(2.4mmol)化合物B的DMSO溶液,在蓝光照射下搅拌24小时后,得化合物C-9,产率为40%。
实施例19
向25mL的反应管中,加入Cs2CO3(0.8mmol),化合物A-1(0.4mmol,1当量),氩气置换三次后加入3mLN,N-二甲基甲酰胺(DMF),注射100μL(1.20mmol)化合物B的DMSO溶液,在蓝光照射下搅拌24小时后,得化合物C-9,产率为微量。
实施例20
向25mL的反应管中,加入Cs2CO3(0.8mmol),化合物A-1(0.4mmol,1当量),氩气置换三次后加入3mL乙腈,注射100μL(1.20mmol)化合物B的DMSO溶液,在蓝光照射下搅拌24小时后,得化合物C-9,产率为5%。
实施例21
向100mL的反应管中,加入Cs2CO3(24mmol),化合物A-1(12mmol,1当量),氩气置换三次后加入20mL二甲基亚砜(DMSO),注射3mL化合物B的DMSO溶液(36mmol),在蓝光照射下搅拌12小时后,得化合物C-1,减压抽干溶剂后分离,得到产物C-1 1.68g,产率为78%。
在本发明提及的所有文献都在本申请中引用作为参考,就如同每一篇文献被单独引用作为参考那样。此外应理解,在阅读了本发明的上述讲授内容之后,本领域技术人员可以对本发明作各种改动或修改,这些等价形式同样落于本申请所附权利要求书所限定的范围。
应理解,在本发明范围内中,本发明的上述各技术特征和在下文(如实施例)中具体描述的各技术特征之间都可以互相组合,从而构成新的或优选的技术方案。限于篇幅,在此不再一一累述。

Claims (5)

1.一种5-三氟甲基尿嘧啶的合成方法,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:于惰性溶剂中,在可见光的照射下,在碱存在的条件下,将式A化合物与式B化合物进行反应,从而形成式C化合物,化学式如下:
上述各式中,R1为H、取代或未取代的糖环、C1-10烷基、取代或未取代的苯基;
R2为H、C1-10烷基、卤代的C1-10烷基、卤素、-COOC1-4烷基或C1-10的全氟烷基;
R3为H或C1-10烷基。
2.根据权利要求1所述的5-三氟甲基尿嘧啶的合成方法,其特征在于,式A化合物、碱、式B化合物的摩尔比为1~8:1~8:1~8。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的5-三氟甲基尿嘧啶的合成方法,其特征在于,反应在0~60℃下进行。
4.根据权利要求1或2所述的5-三氟甲基尿嘧啶的合成方法,其特征在于,碱选自:碳酸盐或者磷酸盐。
5.根据权利要求1或2所述的5-三氟甲基尿嘧啶的合成方法,其特征在于,惰性溶剂选自:N,N-二甲基甲酰胺、二甲基亚砜、乙腈或其组合。
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