CN108481853A - 一种连续纤维热塑性复合板材制备的方法及配方 - Google Patents
一种连续纤维热塑性复合板材制备的方法及配方 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种连续纤维热塑性复合板材的制备方法，包含一下步骤：选择制备热可塑性塑料的原料，按重量份数计含以下组份：选择聚酰胺树脂20‑30分、线性低密度聚乙烯20‑30份、聚烯烃树脂20‑30份、热稳定剂2‑5份、增塑剂3‑10份，混合均匀，通过挤出设备挤出后进行辊压成板，形成热可塑性层；选择制备玻璃纤维的原料，按重量份数计含以下组份：玻璃纤维无捻粗纱80‑90份、浸润溶液5‑6份，把玻璃纤维无捻粗纱浸润在浸润溶液中1‑2分钟，把浸润后的玻璃纤维无捻粗纱通过机织机制成网状或者布状。通过制成的热可塑性层和制成的连续纤维层通过粘合剂夹在中间，形成板体并进行辊压，冷却至常温形成板材。通过此方法制备增加了板材的延展性能。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种连续纤维复合板材，具体涉及一种连续纤维热塑性复合板材的配方及其制备方法。
背景技术
连续纤维热塑性复合板材在行业中运用越来越广泛，各行各业在需求不同，需要把板材加工成各种形状，所以经常需要将各种板材进行拼接，以满足不同场合的使用要求；拼接的方式有多种多样，如 ：利用螺纹件进行连接 ；或利用铆钉进行铆接 ；或利用焊接，或利用粘结等。这些连接方法虽燃各有特点，但是又存在缺陷：
1.拼接后连接件的突起，在连接部的表面形成不规则的突起物，不利于拼接板材的应用和美观。
2.拼接需要额外通过人工或者拼接设备进行固接，增加了工序流程。
3.拼接后，整体的强度受到影响。
中国专利公开号CN 202115020 U，公开了一种连续纤维多轴向增强热塑性复合板材，该复合板材由多层不同轴向的预固结片材与其它功能性材料构成。将多轴向预固结片材及轻质芯材或其它功能性材料，按序分段铺层预热粘结制备板坯，( 在其表面复合界面树脂膜或保护层材料 ) 输送进入双带压机机，经热压与冷压的工艺制得复合板材。其多轴向复合板材轻质阻燃可回收利用，板材具有弯曲回复与各方向受力均匀的特点，可替代现行不可回收的玻璃钢制品或热固性预浸料，通过热成型工艺可制备高性能用途的结构件与内饰件，加速了经编行业绿色制造产品升级的步伐拓展了产品的应用领域，但是其延展性不高，经过一定程度的弯曲该板材容易折裂。
中国专利公开号号 CN 103059406 A，公开了了一种双向连续玄武岩纤维增强热塑性树脂复合板材及其制备方法。该复合板材由包含以下重量份的组分制成 ：热塑性树脂为 40 ～ 60 份、连续玄武岩纤维为 40 ～ 60 份以及钛酸酯偶联剂为0.2～0.5份，该发明的双向连续玄武岩纤维增强热塑性树脂复合板材具有较好的阻燃性、耐高温性以及综合性能，而且价格低。但是其弯曲后的保持固定的弯曲状态较差，容易受外界环境影响，导致弯曲后的形状容易变形。
发明内容
发明目的：本发明的目的在于针对现有技术的不足，提供一种连续纤维热塑性复合板材，通过结构上合理组合材料，改进制备工艺和配方，使板材的可塑性 更强，韧性更高。
技术方案：为了达到上述发明目的，本发明具体是这样来实现的：
一种连续纤维热塑性复合板材的制备方法，其特征在于，包含以下步骤：
（1）热可塑性层的制备：选择制备热可塑性塑料的原料，按重量份数计含以下组份：选择聚酰胺树脂20-30分、线性低密度聚乙烯20-30份、聚烯烃树脂20-30份、热稳定剂2-5份、增塑剂3-10份，混合均匀，通过挤出设备挤出后进行辊压成板，然后冷却至20~40℃，形成热可塑性层。
（2）连续纤维层的制备：选择制备玻璃纤维的原料，按重量份数计含以下组份：玻璃纤维无捻粗纱80-90份、浸润溶液5-6份，把玻璃纤维无捻粗纱浸润在浸润溶液中1-2分钟，把浸润后的玻璃纤维无捻粗纱通过机织机制成网状或者布状。
（3）通过步骤（1）制成的热可塑性层把步骤（2）制成的连续纤维层通过粘合剂夹在中间，形成板体并进行辊压，辊压温度30-40℃，冷却至常温形成板材。
通过热可塑性层增加了板材的热可塑性，可以对板材形状进行一定程度的折弯；而连续纤维层确保了板材在变形后仍具有较高的整体强度。
一种连续纤维热塑性复合板材的制备方法的配方，其特征在于，所述热可塑性层，按重量份数计含以下组份：选择聚酰胺树脂20-30分、聚酯树脂20-30份、聚烯烃树脂20-30份、热稳定剂2-5份、增塑剂3-10份；所述连续纤维层，按重量份数计含以下组份：玻璃纤维无捻粗纱80-90份、浸润溶液5-6份。聚酰胺树脂和聚烯烃树脂绝缘性、耐腐蚀性好，透气率高（为聚乙烯的10倍），但耐冲击、应力开裂性能较差；线性低密度聚乙烯具有抗穿透性、抗撕裂性和较好的伸展率；增塑剂让材质变得柔软且增加黏度，具有良好的聚合效果。玻璃纤维无捻粗纱提高了断裂强度。
一种连续纤维热塑性复合板材的制备方法制备的板材，包括热可塑性层、夹在热可塑性层之间的连续纤维层，其特征在于，所述连续纤维层两侧包含有超高分子量聚乙烯层，所述热可塑性层厚度范围为0.5-5mm，所述连续纤维层厚度为0.05-2mm，所述超高分子量聚乙烯层厚度范围为0.5-5mm。通过三层结构，弥补了材料之间性能的短板。比如热可塑性层增加了板材的热可塑性，可以对板材进行一点的折弯，连续纤维层增强了板材的整体韧性，超过分子量聚乙烯层增强了板材的整体强度。
进一步的，所述超高分子量聚乙烯层与热可塑性层之间铺设有聚酯薄膜层，所述聚酯薄膜层厚度范围为0.05-1mm。聚酯薄膜层拉伸强度大，耐温和耐化学性能好，增强了适应各种工况环境的范围。
进一步的，所述热可塑性层内嵌有线性低密度聚乙烯层，所述线性低密度聚乙烯层厚度范围为0.05-1mm。进一步提神板材的拉升能力和延展性。
进一步的，所述超高分子量聚乙烯层一侧或者两侧可以增加聚四氟乙烯，聚四氟乙烯以网状的方式贴合超高分子量聚乙烯层。聚四氟乙烯具有耐高温的特点，是板材在80℃以上的高温情况下也能保持一定的形状和强度。
有益效果：本发明与传统观技术相比，具有以下优点：
1.增强了连续纤维热塑性复合板材的韧性和可塑性。
2.对板才四周进行折弯后，整体的强度保持不变，在企业加工中无需要在通过固接的方式进行拼接，同时也省去了拼接的工序，提高了生产的效率。
3.提高了板材的耐高温性能，在80-200℃情况下也能保持较高的机械性能。
附图说明
图1为本发明一种连续纤维热塑性复合板材的机构示意图。
具体实施方式
以下是本发明的具体实施例并结合附图，对本发明的技术方案作进一步的描述，但本发明并不限于这些实施例。
实施例一：结合图1，所示的一种连续纤维热塑性复合板材，其制备方法包含步骤：热可塑性层1的制备：选择制备热可塑性塑料的原料，按重量份数计含以下组份：选择聚酰胺树脂20-30分、线性低密度聚乙烯20-30份、聚烯烃树脂20-30份、热稳定剂2-5份、增塑剂3-10份，混合均匀，通过挤出设备挤出后进行辊压成板，然后冷却至20~40℃，形成热可塑性层1。连续纤维层3的制备：选择制备玻璃纤维的原料，按重量份数计含以下组份：玻璃纤维无捻粗纱80-90份、浸润溶液5-6份，把玻璃纤维无捻粗纱浸润在浸润溶液中1-2分钟，把浸润后的玻璃纤维无捻粗纱通过机织机制成网状或者布状，形成连续纤维层3。热可塑性层1和连续纤维层3通过粘合剂夹在中间，形成板体并进行辊压，辊压温度30-40℃，冷却至常温形成板材。
上述板材结构包括热可塑性层1、夹在热可塑性层之间的连续纤维层3，所述连续纤维层两侧包含有超高分子量聚乙烯层4，所述热可塑性层厚1度范围为0.5-5mm，所述连续纤维层3厚度为0.05-2mm，所述超高分子量聚乙烯层4厚度范围为0.5-5mm。所述超高分子量聚乙烯层4与热可塑性层1之间铺设有聚酯薄膜层2，所述聚酯薄膜层2厚度范围为0.05-1mm。聚酯薄膜层2拉伸强度大，耐温和耐化学性能好，增强了适应各种工况环境的范围。所述热可塑性层1内嵌有线性低密度聚乙烯层，所述线性低密度聚乙烯层厚度范围为0.05-1mm，也可以以丝状的形式均匀分布在热可塑性层1内。进一步提神板材的拉升能力和延展性。所述超高分子量聚乙烯层4一侧或者两侧可以增加聚四氟乙烯5，聚四氟乙烯5以网状的方式贴合超高分子量聚乙烯层4。聚四氟乙烯5具有耐高温的特点，是板材在80℃以上的高温情况下也能保持一定的形状和强度。
本文中所描述的具体实施例仅仅是对本发明精神做举例说明。本发明所属技术领域的技术人员可以对所描述的具体实施例做各种各样的修改或补充或采用类似的方法替代，但并不会偏离本发明的精神或者超越所附权利要求书所定义的范围。
Claims (5)
1.一种连续纤维热塑性复合板材的制备方法，其特征在于，包含以下步骤：
（1）热可塑性层的制备：选择制备热可塑性塑料的原料，按重量份数计含以下组份：选择聚酰胺树脂20-30分、线性低密度聚乙烯20-30份、聚烯烃树脂20-30份、热稳定剂2-5份、增塑剂3-10份，混合均匀，通过挤出设备挤出后进行辊压成板，然后冷却至20~40℃，形成热可塑性层;
（2）连续纤维层的制备：选择制备玻璃纤维的原料，按重量份数计含以下组份：玻璃纤维无捻粗纱80-90份、浸润溶液5-6份，把玻璃纤维无捻粗纱浸润在浸润溶液中1-2分钟，把浸润后的玻璃纤维无捻粗纱通过机织机制成网状或者布状；
（3）通过步骤（1）制成的热可塑性层把步骤（2）制成的连续纤维层通过粘合剂夹在中间，形成板体并进行辊压，辊压温度30-40℃，冷却至常温形成板材。
2.一种根据权利要求1所述的连续纤维热塑性复合板材制备方法的配方，其特征在于，所述热可塑性层，按重量份数计含以下组份：选择聚酰胺树脂20-30分、聚酯树脂20-30份、聚烯烃树脂20-30份、热稳定剂2-5份、增塑剂3-10份；所述连续纤维层，按重量份数计含以下组份：玻璃纤维无捻粗纱80-90份、浸润溶液5-6份。
3.一种根据权利要求1所述的连续纤维热塑性复合板材的制备方法制备的板材，包括热可塑性层、夹在热可塑性层之间的连续纤维层，其特征在于，所述连续纤维层两侧包含有超高分子量聚乙烯层，所述热可塑性层厚度范围为0.5-3mm，所述连续纤维层厚度为0.05-1mm，所述超高分子量聚乙烯层厚度范围为0.5-3mm。
4.根据权利要求3所述的一种连续纤维热塑性复合板材的制备方法制备的板材，其特征在于，所述超高分子量聚乙烯层与热可塑性层之间铺设有聚酯薄膜层，所述聚酯薄膜层厚度范围为0.05-1mm。
5.根据权利要求3所述的一种连续纤维热塑性复合板材的制备方法制备的板材，其特征在于，所述热可塑性层内嵌有线性低密度聚乙烯层，所述线性低密度聚乙烯层厚度范围为0.05-1mm。
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