CN108480640B - A method of realizing laser gain material manufacture titanium alloy beta crystal grain regulation - Google Patents

A method of realizing laser gain material manufacture titanium alloy beta crystal grain regulation Download PDF

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CN108480640B
CN108480640B CN201810621264.7A CN201810621264A CN108480640B CN 108480640 B CN108480640 B CN 108480640B CN 201810621264 A CN201810621264 A CN 201810621264A CN 108480640 B CN108480640 B CN 108480640B
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gain material
laser gain
crystal
crystal grain
titanium alloy
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CN108480640A (en
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李聪
陈荐
邱玮
李微
何建军
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Changsha University of Science and Technology
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
    • B22F10/20—Direct sintering or melting
    • B22F10/25—Direct deposition of metal particles, e.g. direct metal deposition [DMD] or laser engineered net shaping [LENS]
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
    • B22F10/30—Process control
    • B22F10/36—Process control of energy beam parameters
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
    • B22F10/30—Process control
    • B22F10/38—Process control to achieve specific product aspects, e.g. surface smoothness, density, porosity or hollow structures
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
    • B22F10/80—Data acquisition or data processing
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
    • B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
    • B33Y10/00—Processes of additive manufacturing
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
    • B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
    • B33Y50/00—Data acquisition or data processing for additive manufacturing
    • B33Y50/02—Data acquisition or data processing for additive manufacturing for controlling or regulating additive manufacturing processes
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C1/00—Making non-ferrous alloys
    • C22C1/04—Making non-ferrous alloys by powder metallurgy
    • C22C1/045—Alloys based on refractory metals
    • C22C1/0458—Alloys based on titanium, zirconium or hafnium
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C14/00—Alloys based on titanium
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
    • B22F10/30—Process control
    • B22F10/36—Process control of energy beam parameters
    • B22F10/366—Scanning parameters, e.g. hatch distance or scanning strategy
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
    • Y02P10/25—Process efficiency

Abstract

The invention discloses a kind of methods for realizing laser gain material manufacture titanium alloy beta crystal grain regulation.Tentatively optimize and obtain Optimizing Process Parameters to laser gain material manufacturing process window first, under the optimization process window, temperature field of molten pool is calculated；Bath temperature gradient G and cooling rate ξ are extracted, and calculates G2/ ξ value；The tissue morphology of β crystalline substance is judged according to following criterion: when 3 × 103≤ξ≤105DEG C/s and G2/ξ≤1.2×106℃s/m2When be equiax crystal, when ξ≤3 × 103DEG C/s and G2/ξ≥3×109℃s/m2When be column crystal；And the main technologic parameters section of the shaft-like β crystal grain and column β crystal grain such as acquisition；Finally, corresponding technological parameter is selected to carry out laser gain material manufacture, the controlled formation of parts of beta-crystalline form state is obtained.The present invention is simulated in conjunction with solidification theory by temperature field of molten pool, is realized the regulation of β crystalline substance grain form, can be effectively improved drip molding mechanical property.

Description

A method of realizing laser gain material manufacture titanium alloy beta crystal grain regulation
Technical field
The present invention relates to laser metal field of material processing more particularly to a kind of realization laser gain material manufacture titanium alloy beta are brilliant The method of grain regulation.
Background technique
Laser gain material manufacturing technology, also known as " laser metal 3D printing " are a kind of by laser melting coating and rapid prototyping technology The advanced manufacturing technology combined.The technology is based on " Layered manufacturing is successively accumulated " principle, can be directly according to the three-dimensional of part CAD model Quick-forming goes out entity component, have stock utilization is high, with short production cycle, forming be limited it is small, be not necessarily to the spies such as mold Point is particularly suitable for the direct forming of complex large-sized global facility, the surface modification of part and the direct customization of personalized product, Also it is able to achieve the quick reparation of injuring part, before aerospace, defence and military and bio-medical field have a wide range of applications Scape.
TC4 alloy is a kind of typical two-phase (alpha+beta) titanium alloy, due to the high, good biocompatibility with specific strength and is resisted The features such as corrosion, is widely used in the fields such as aerospace and biologic medical.It is well known that being melted in laser gain material manufacturing process Pond mainly passes through substrate or sedimentary carries out heat loss through conduction.Due to the high-temperature gradient and oriented heat dissipating characteristic in molten bath, deposition State tissue is generally by substrate epitaxial growth directional solidification pattern.Laser metal 3D printing diphasic titanium alloy beta-crystalline form looks usually show For the coarse column crystal grown along deposition direction.However, the column crystal of this oriented growth will lead to workpiece it is strong it is mechanical respectively to Anisotropic (Carroll et al.).Under most of feelings applicable cases, desired tissue is tiny equiax crystal, because they have respectively To the same sex and mechanical performance more evenly.In fact, the material that ingredient is identical, grain morphology is different has entirely different property Energy.By taking Ti60 as an example, equiax crystal creep compliance under 600 DEG C/160MPa situation is 1.359%, and column crystal is then 0.1633%； Under 600 DEG C/310MPa situation, equiax crystal creep rupture life is 48h, and column crystal creep rupture life is 354h.It can be seen that carrying out The regulation of beta-crystalline form looks, and then the importance of the shaft-like β crystalline substance such as acquisition.
Domestic and foreign scholars have conducted extensive research for the regulation of laser metal 3D printing titanium alloy beta crystalline form looks.Sun Xiaomin Et al. discovery, in laser multilayer deposition process, equiax crystal easy to form at the top of sedimentary, when remelting depth is greater than isometric crystalline region When height, the continuous epitaxial growth of column crystal will be realized, and when remelting depth is less than isometric crystalline region height, column crystal epitaxial growth Continuity is destroyed, and will acquire the mixing group of " finger joint shape " by bottom epitaxial growth column crystal Yu equiax crystal cycle alternation It knits.Wu et al. discovery Ti25V15Cr2Al0.2C ratio Ti6Al4V alloy equiax crystal is more readily formed, this with High-alloying element in Ti25V15Cr2Al0.2C alloy is related.Bontha et al. is sent out by the calculating to molten bath curing condition It is existing, equiax crystal is easy to produce when power is sufficiently large, but their calculated result lacks experimental verification.Martina et al. It was found that carrying out subsequent cold rolling to increasing material manufacturing titanium alloy component, β crystal grain can be effectively refined.Ravi et al. discovery pulse laser adds Work mode is more advantageous to acquisition equiax crystal compared with continuous laser cooked mode.Wang et al. has found that heterogeneous shape can be improved in unmelted powder Nuclear location advantageously forms equiax crystal.In addition, the growth of column crystal can be inhibited by increasing powder sending quantity, and then increase equiax crystal Percentage.Zhang et al. also obtains similar conclusion, it is found that it is isometric high powder sending quantity is help to obtain with low scanning speed The powder of crystalline substance tissue, part fusing can provide heterogeneous nucleation site for the growth of equiax crystal.It is being not added with or is introducing impurity In the case of, improving powder sending quantity or reducing scanning speed is the relatively effective ways for controlling laser 3D printing diphasic titanium alloy beta-crystalline form looks. In addition, changing scan path strategy, grain growth direction is influenced, but it is smaller on the influence of beta-crystalline form looks.The studies above is laser increasing The regulation of material manufacture titanium alloy beta crystalline form looks provides good thinking, but due to the physics mistake during laser metal 3D printing Journey is extremely complex, affecting parameters are numerous, it is desirable to which grain morphology is entirely controlled to still have great challenge.Currently, still lacking effective Method to beta-crystalline form looks carry out Effective Regulation.
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of methods for realizing laser gain material manufacture titanium alloy beta crystal grain regulation.
A method of realizing laser gain material manufacture titanium alloy beta crystal grain regulation, comprising the following steps:
Step 1: tentatively optimizing laser gain material manufacturing process window, obtains the process window tentatively optimized, including Laser power, spot diameter, scanning speed and powder sending quantity, Optimal Parameters are as follows: laser power is 300~900W, scanning speed 4 ~12mm/s, powder sending quantity 6-18g/min, spot diameter are 0.5~2mm；
Step 2: any one group of technological parameter chosen under optimization window closes titanium using three-dimensional finite element heat transfer model The temperature field in molten bath is calculated in golden laser gain material manufacturing process, and extracting 1 second successor of laser unlatching, molten bath middle part is vertical in a flash (temperature parameter that molten bath 1/3 is highly located is characterized solidification to the temperature gradient G and cooling rate ξ that section moving boundary 1/3 is highly located Parameter), and calculate G2/ ξ value, wherein G, ξ and G2The unit of/ξ is respectively DEG C/m, DEG C/s and DEG C s/m2；
Step 3: the tissue morphology of β crystalline substance is judged according to following criterion: when 3 × 103≤ξ≤105DEG C/s and G2/ξ≤1.2× 106℃s/m2When be equiax crystal, when ξ≤3 × 103DEG C/s and G2/ξ≥3×109℃s/m2When be column crystal, that is, establish molten bath spy Levy the relationship of Solidification Parameters, β crystalline substance tissue morphology and technological parameter.
Step 4: step 2 is repeated to step 3, until completing to optimize all technological parameters and beta-crystalline form state under process window Matching, obtain etc. shaft-like β crystal grain main technologic parameters section are as follows: laser power be 300~500W, scanning speed be 6~ 9mm/s, powder sending quantity 12-18g/min, spot diameter are 0.8~1.5mm；The main technologic parameters section of column β crystal grain are as follows: Laser power be 500~900W, scanning speed be 8~12mm/s, powder sending quantity 6-12g/min, spot diameter be 0.5~ 1.2mm；
Step 5: the beta-crystalline form state according to required for part selects corresponding technological parameter to carry out laser gain material manufacture, obtains The controlled laser gain material of beta-crystalline form state manufactures titanium alloy component.
The titanium alloy includes alpha titanium alloy, alpha+beta titanium alloys and beta-titanium alloy.
In step 4, the scan path in the main technologic parameters section is unidirectional path, two-way approach and intersection Path.
The present invention is simulated by temperature field of molten pool and solidification theory, in conjunction with by titanium alloy beta crystal growing-up mechanism and original Reason carries out numerous studies, and comprehensive various influence factors obtain: when 3 × 103≤ξ≤105DEG C/s and G2/ξ≤1.2×106℃s/m2 When be equiax crystal, when ξ≤3 × 103DEG C/s and G2/ξ≥3×109℃s/m2When be column crystal, that is, establish molten pool character solidification ginseng The relationship of number, β crystalline substance tissue morphology and technological parameter.To realize the regulation of β crystalline substance grain form, drip molding mechanics can be effectively improved Performance.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is the column crystal metallographic microscope for the 3D printing sample that the present invention obtains；
Fig. 2 is the metallographic microscope of the equiax crystal for the 3D printing sample that the present invention obtains.
Specific embodiment
The present invention is described further with reference to the accompanying drawings and detailed description.
Embodiment 1
A method of realizing laser gain material manufacture titanium alloy beta crystal grain regulation, comprising the following steps:
Step 1: tentatively optimizing laser gain material manufacturing process window, obtains the process window tentatively optimized, including Laser power, spot diameter, scanning speed and powder sending quantity, Optimal Parameters are as follows: laser power is 300~900W, scanning speed 4 ~12mm/s, powder sending quantity 6-18g/min, spot diameter are 0.5~2mm；
Step 2: any one group of technological parameter chosen under optimization window closes titanium using three-dimensional finite element heat transfer model The temperature field in molten bath is calculated in golden laser gain material manufacturing process, and extracting 1 second successor of laser unlatching, molten bath middle part is vertical in a flash (temperature parameter that molten bath 1/3 is highly located is characterized solidifying the temperature gradient G1 and cooling rate ξ 1 that section moving boundary 1/3 is highly located Gu parameter), and calculate G2/ ξ value, wherein G, ξ and G2The unit of/ξ is respectively DEG C/m, DEG C/s and DEG C s/m2；
Step 3: the tissue morphology of β crystalline substance is judged according to following criterion: when 3 × 103≤ξ≤105DEG C/s and G2/ξ≤1.2× 106℃s/m2When be equiax crystal, when ξ≤3 × 103DEG C/s and G2/ξ≥3×109℃s/m2When be column crystal, that is, establish molten bath spy Levy the relationship of Solidification Parameters, β crystalline substance tissue morphology and technological parameter.
Step 4: step 2 is repeated to step 3, until completing to optimize all technological parameters and beta-crystalline form state under process window Matching: obtain etc. shaft-like β crystal grain main technologic parameters section are as follows: laser power be 300~500W, scanning speed be 6~ 9mm/s, powder sending quantity 12-18g/min, spot diameter are 0.8~1.5mm；The main technologic parameters section of column β crystal grain are as follows: Laser power be 500~900W, scanning speed be 8~12mm/s, powder sending quantity 6-12g/min, spot diameter be 0.5~ 1.2mm；
Step 5: the beta-crystalline form state according to required for part selects corresponding technological parameter to carry out laser gain material manufacture, obtains The controlled laser gain material of beta-crystalline form state manufactures titanium alloy component.
Fig. 1 be using the method for the present invention obtain 3D printing sample column crystal metallographic microscope, it can be seen from the figure that sample by Coarse column β crystalline substance composition, the direction of growth and deposition direction (short transverse) of column crystal are consistent.This is primarily due in the work Under skill parameter, molten bath cooling rate (ξ 103~104DEG C/s) relatively small, temperature gradient and solidification rate ratio are larger, favorably In the coarse column β crystalline substance tissue of acquisition.
Embodiment 2
A method of realizing laser gain material manufacture titanium alloy beta crystal grain regulation, comprising the following steps:
Step 1: tentatively optimizing laser gain material manufacturing process window, obtains the process window tentatively optimized, including Laser power, spot diameter, scanning speed and powder sending quantity, Optimal Parameters are as follows: laser power is 300~900W, scanning speed 4 ~12mm/s, powder sending quantity 6-18g/min, spot diameter are 0.5~2mm；
Step 2: any one group of technological parameter chosen under optimization window closes titanium using three-dimensional finite element heat transfer model The temperature field in molten bath is calculated in golden laser gain material manufacturing process, and extracting 1 second successor of laser unlatching, molten bath middle part is vertical in a flash (temperature parameter that molten bath 1/3 is highly located is characterized solidifying the temperature gradient G1 and cooling rate ξ 1 that section moving boundary 1/3 is highly located Gu parameter), and calculate G2/ ξ value, wherein G, ξ and G2The unit of/ξ is respectively DEG C/m, DEG C/s and DEG C s/m2；
Step 3: the tissue morphology of β crystalline substance is judged according to following criterion: when 3 × 103≤ξ≤105DEG C/s and G2/ξ≤1.2× 106℃s/m2When be equiax crystal, when ξ≤3 × 103DEG C/s and G2/ξ≥3×109℃s/m2When be column crystal, that is, establish molten bath spy Levy the relationship of Solidification Parameters, β crystalline substance tissue morphology and technological parameter.
Step 4: step 2 is repeated to step 3, until completing to optimize all technological parameters and beta-crystalline form state under process window Matching: obtain etc. shaft-like β crystal grain main technologic parameters section are as follows: laser power be 300~500W, scanning speed be 6~ 9mm/s, powder sending quantity 12-18g/min, spot diameter are 0.8~1.5mm；The main technologic parameters section of column β crystal grain are as follows: Laser power be 500~900W, scanning speed be 8~12mm/s, powder sending quantity 6-12g/min, spot diameter be 0.5~ 1.2mm；
Step 5: the beta-crystalline form state according to required for part selects corresponding technological parameter to carry out laser gain material manufacture, obtains The controlled laser gain material of beta-crystalline form state manufactures titanium alloy component.
Fig. 2 is the equiax crystal metallographic microscope of the 3D printing sample obtained, it can be seen from the figure that sample almost all is by tiny Etc. shaft-like β crystalline substance composition, the direction of growth is more random.This is primarily due under the technological parameter, and (ξ is reachable for molten bath cooling rate 104~105DEG C/s) greatly, be conducive to the increase of molten bath supercooling and nucleation rate, refine crystal grain；In addition, the temperature gradient G in molten bath and solidifying Gu rate R ratio (G/R) is smaller, it help to obtain the shaft-like β crystalline substance tissue such as tiny.The above results show using this patent side Method can effectively refine crystal grain, and obtain tiny equiaxed grain structure, promote the mechanical property of titanium alloy surface.

Claims (1)

1. a kind of method for realizing laser gain material manufacture titanium alloy beta crystal grain regulation, it is characterised in that the following steps are included:
Step 1: tentatively optimizing laser gain material manufacturing process window, process window include laser power, spot diameter, Scanning speed and powder sending quantity, obtain the process window that tentatively optimizes: laser power is 300~900W, scanning speed is 4~ 12mm/s, powder sending quantity 6-18g/min, spot diameter are 0.5~2mm；
Step 2: any one group of technological parameter chosen under optimization window swashs titanium alloy using three-dimensional finite element heat transfer model The temperature field in molten bath is calculated during light increasing material manufacturing, is extracted laser and is opened 1 second successor molten bath middle part longitudinal section in a flash The temperature gradient G and cooling rate ξ that moving boundary 1/3 is highly located, the temperature parameter that molten bath 1/3 is highly located are characterized solidification ginseng Number, and calculate G2/ ξ value, wherein G, ξ and G2The unit of/ξ is respectively DEG C/m, DEG C/s and DEG C s/m2；
Step 3: the tissue morphology of β crystalline substance is judged according to following criterion: when 3 × 103≤ξ≤105DEG C/s and G2/ξ≤1.2×106℃ s/m2When be equiax crystal, when ξ≤3 × 103DEG C/s and G2/ξ≥3×109℃s/m2When be column crystal, that is, establish molten pool character solidification The relationship of parameter, β crystalline substance tissue morphology and technological parameter；
Step 4: step 2 is repeated to step 3, until completion optimizes of all technological parameters and beta-crystalline form state under process window Match: the main technologic parameters section of the shaft-like β crystal grain such as acquisition are as follows: laser power is 300~500W, and scanning speed is 6~9mm/ S, powder sending quantity 12-18g/min, spot diameter are 0.8~1.5mm；The main technologic parameters section of column β crystal grain are as follows: laser Power is 500~900W, and scanning speed is 8~12mm/s, and powder sending quantity 6-12g/min, spot diameter is 0.5~1.2mm；
Step 5: the beta-crystalline form state according to required for part selects corresponding technological parameter to carry out laser gain material manufacture, and it is brilliant to obtain β The laser gain material of controlled morphology manufactures titanium alloy component.
CN201810621264.7A 2018-06-15 2018-06-15 A method of realizing laser gain material manufacture titanium alloy beta crystal grain regulation Expired - Fee Related CN108480640B (en)

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CN107876762A (en) * 2017-11-05 2018-04-06 湖南大学 A kind of laser metal 3D printing method for realizing Ni-based function part local solidification tissue customization

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