CN108466706A - The open-cell foam structure space junk acquisition equipment of aeroge assembling - Google Patents
The open-cell foam structure space junk acquisition equipment of aeroge assembling Download PDFInfo
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- CN108466706A CN108466706A CN201810272912.2A CN201810272912A CN108466706A CN 108466706 A CN108466706 A CN 108466706A CN 201810272912 A CN201810272912 A CN 201810272912A CN 108466706 A CN108466706 A CN 108466706A
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- aeroge
- acquisition equipment
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- space
- assembling
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B64—AIRCRAFT; AVIATION; COSMONAUTICS
- B64G—COSMONAUTICS; VEHICLES OR EQUIPMENT THEREFOR
- B64G4/00—Tools specially adapted for use in space
Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of open-cell foam structure space junk acquisition equipments of aeroge assembling, the shell made including low gassed materials and the foamed metal structures being fixed in shell, it wherein is assembled with aeroge in the hole of foamed metal structures, is used for the in-orbit capture of micro space debris.The present invention utilizes the grade and micron-sized space debris acquisition equipment of the gentle Gel Compositions of foamed metal structures, is mounted on the windward side of spacecraft, the in-orbit capture to space junk especially micro space debris may be implemented.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to space debris detections and capture technique field, and in particular to a kind of open celled foam of aeroge assembling
Structure space debris catching device.
Background technology
In the space environment, " space junk " (also known as space trash) is that mankind's solar-system operation is abandoned in the discarded of space
Object is the primary pollution source of space environment.Since emitting first man made earth satellite from nineteen fifty-seven, space junk sum is
More than 4,000 ten thousand, gross mass has reached millions of kilograms, and the space junk that ground-based telescope and radar can observe increases every year on average
About 200 are increased, the space junk more than 10 centimetres has been over 9200 now.Space junk is mainly distributed on 2000 public affairs
In low orbit area below, they constitute a serious threat to the spacecraft of terrestrial space.
Space junk size range include micron order, grade, Centimeter Level or even meter level, wherein Centimeter Level and its more than
Space junk be mainly carrier rocket Upper Stage, task end spacecraft, work when abandon object, unexpectedly disintegrate it is broken
Piece, alundum (Al2O3) residue, sodium k particle etc.；Grade space junk is mainly spacecraft surface flakes, sputtering object, three
Al 2 O residue, sodium k particle, micrometeroroid, unexpected disintegration fragment etc.；Micron-sized space debris includes mainly that peeling is broken
Piece, sputtering object, alundum (Al2O3) dust, micrometeroroid etc..
Space junk more than 10 centimetres will cause spacecraft destructiveness to be damaged, due to that can pass through ground telescope at present
Or radar measuring its track, the strategy that early warning is evaded can be taken to be effectively prevented its injury；Centimeter Level space junk can also
Cause spacecraft thoroughly to damage, there is no practicable safeguard procedures at present, unique method be on Spacecraft guidance and control and operation,
Trying to reduce makes spacefarer and spacecraft that the risk of mortality damage occur；Grade space junk can result in spacecraft surface
Generation hits hole or even bulkhead is made to perforate, and impact site is different, and the degree of harm also has very big difference.
Currently, for the position of space exploration fragment, the detection device for designing different space junks is needed, wherein empty
Between fragment detection device according to hit detecting sensor difference can be divided into piezo-electric type detector, semi-conductor type detector, ionization
Type detector etc..
Piezo-electric type detector, as sensor, mainly there is polyvinylidene fluoride using high performance piezoelectric material（PVDF）It passes
Sensor and piezoelectric ceramics（PZT）Sensor.Wherein, PVDF detectors are common detection means, and detection principle is to utilize
The piezoelectric effect of PVDF thin film will produce one in the case where hitting force effect not that is, when space dust high velocity impact PVDF thin film
Reversible crater, while generating charge signal on two electrodes of film.Measuring circuit analyzes the charge signal can
With information such as the speed and the quality that obtain powder dust particle, it is suitable as the detection sensor of micro space debris and micrometeroroid.
The operation principle of semi-conductor type detector is in high purity silicon（Si）One layer of very thin titanium dioxide is aoxidized out on chip
Silicon（SiO2）, then in silica（SiO2）One layer of aluminium film is plated on film, silicon, silicon dioxide film and aluminium film form a capacity plate antenna
Device, frequently referred to MOS semiconductor transducers.It is fabricated to space dust detector with mos sensor, referred to as semi-conductor type detects
Device.When detector works, bias voltage is provided to capacitor by external circuit.It is worn when space dust collides with sensor
When crossing aluminium film and silicon dioxide film, capacitance, which will discharge, generates electric current, an electric signal is generated in external circuit, by this
The information of micro space debris or micrometeroroid can be obtained in the analysis of signal.
Ionization detector is hit the most commonly used is plasma-type detector, and basic principle is to work as micro space debris
When colliding with the proof gold target center of detector, huge kinetic energy generates plasma cloud；It, can be with by the measurement of plasma
Obtain the quality of space junk, speed and at grading information.
However, above all of space debris detection device is to belong to indirect detection, actual space junk, especially
Composition, size, shape of minute fragments etc. are not known.Therefore, by in-orbit collection space fragment, especially minute fragments,
It is significant to the in-orbit distribution of research space junk, size, size etc..
Currently, aeroge be it is a kind of mutually coalesced by ultramicro powder it is constituting and using air as the high dispersive of decentralized medium
Solid-state material is the solid material that current world's upper density is minimum, thermal conductivity is minimum.Since aeroge has the three of high-permeability
Wiener rice porous network structure makes it show very high specific surface area (600-1200m2/ g) and porosity (up to 90% with
On), and other many excellent characteristics, therefore have in fields such as heat-insulated, sound insulation, pneumatic filter, adsorbing medium, catalysis
Huge application value.
Aeroge type is extensive, including SiO2Aeroge, TiO2Aeroge, MnO2Aeroge etc..Often due to pure aeroge
Have the shortcomings that low intensity, poor toughness, nano-pore structure destructible under external force, currently develop flexible aeroge,
Such as pure aeroge, fibre-reinforced aerogel, crosslinked polymer aeroge and polymer composite aerogel, to make airsetting
Glue has preferable elasticity and structure recovery.With flexible SiO2For the preparation method of aeroge, main includes derivative legal system
3 kinds of standby pure flexible aeroge, fiber reinforcement, crosslinked polymer etc.（Lei Ping, Zheng Xudong, still kind vegetarian etc..The preparation of flexible aeroge
With application.Functional material, 2016, supplementary issue (I)：101-106）.
Solid containing certain amount hole is known as porous material, is a kind of by being mutually communicated or cap holes constitutes network
The material of structure, the boundary or surface of hole are made of pillar or tablet.According to porosity size, porous material can be divided into
Middle low porosity materials and high porosity materials.Wherein, high porosity materials mainly include cellular material, open-cell foam materials and
Closed-cell foam material three classes.Open-cell foam materials may be used as lightweight filler since its porosity is higher and hole unicom
Or structural material.
Foam metal is one kind of porous material, is the metal material with porous structure, by metallic matrix and hole phase
It is combined, it is that grade even bigger, porosity reach as high as to have high porosity and larger aperture ranges, pore diameter
99%.It can be divided into foamed aluminium, foamed iron, nickel foam and foam copper etc. according to matrix difference.According to hole form, then can divide
For closed-cell foam metal and through-hole foamed metal or open cell foam metal.The preparation method of through-hole foamed metal includes Seepage Foundry
Method, investment casting, hollow ball sintering process, metal powder sintered method and metal method etc..Due to porous structure, foam metal
Usual lighter weight, and porous structure can also preferably enhance the buffer time to impact from space debris, therefore, foam gold
The safeguard structure or protective materials of space junk can be used by belonging to.In the present invention, then it can be used to implement broken to quasi- capture space
The deceleration of piece.
Invention content
The goal of the invention of the present invention is to provide a kind of open-cell foam structure space junk acquisition equipment of aeroge assembling,
The acquisition equipment utilizes foamed metal structures, and in its foam hole assembled inside aeroge, realizes to space grade and micron
The in-orbit capture of grade space junk, and the pattern for keeping minute fragments in-orbit as far as possible is not damaged, with to space micro-debris
Size, pattern and ingredient studied.
Aeroge assembling open-cell foam structure space junk acquisition equipment, including low gassed materials make shell and
The foamed metal structures being fixed in shell are wherein assembled with aeroge in the hole of foamed metal structures, are used for short space
The in-orbit capture of fragment.
Wherein, micro space debris refers to grade or micron-sized space junk.
Wherein, foamed metal structures are three-dimensional open pores foaming structure, are mutually combined with hole by metallic matrix, specially
Nickel foam, foamed aluminium, foamed iron or foam cobalt.
Further, the preparation method of foamed metal structures is carried out using infiltration casting, investment casting, electrodeposition process
It prepares, aperture is 0.1mm to 1cm, and porosity is 50% to 99%, density 0.1g/cm3To 1.5g/cm3。
Wherein, aeroge is prepared by sol-gal process or derivatization method.
Further, when preparing aerosol by sol-gal process, in sol phase, metal foam structures are immersed in molten
In glue, gel and drying are then carried out, prepares the open-cell foam structure of assembling aeroge.Further, the aeroge is
SiO2Aeroge or nickel aeroge.
Further, when carrying out aerosol preparation by derivatization method, main process is supplemented here.Further, described soft
Property aeroge be flexibility SiO2Aeroge.
Wherein, after the open-cell foam structure after assembling aeroge is processed into certain flat shape, in its surrounding aluminium alloy
Low gassed materials be fixed as shell.
The present invention utilizes the grade and micron-sized space debris acquisition equipment of the gentle Gel Compositions of foamed metal structures, peace
On the windward side of spacecraft, the in-orbit capture to space junk especially micro space debris may be implemented.
Description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the structural schematic diagram of foamed metal structures in the prior art；
Fig. 2 is the open-cell foam structure and aeroge assembling schematic diagram of the present invention；
Fig. 3 is the structural schematic diagram of the open-cell foam structure space junk acquisition equipment of the aeroge assembling of the present invention；
Fig. 4 is the use state diagram of the open-cell foam structure space junk acquisition equipment of the aeroge assembling of the present invention.
Specific implementation mode
Below in conjunction with attached drawing, invention is further described in detail, but this is only exemplary, it is no intended to this
The protection domain of invention carries out any restrictions.Patent of the present invention is further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.
Core of the invention is to prepare foamed metal structures first, and then prepare aeroge in foam metal content deposition,
To prepare space junk capture device.After minute fragments strike on the device, since foam metal has preferably
The reduction of speed to micro space debris may be implemented in cushioning effect, and the fixation to minute fragments then may be implemented in aeroge, together
When, it may have certain reduction of speed to minute fragments acts on.
1 foamed aluminium porous metal structure substrate over-assemble SiO of embodiment2Aerosol
First, three-dimensional open pores foaming structure is prepared.
Three-dimensional open pores foaming structure can be the materials such as nickel foam, foamed aluminium, foamed iron, foam cobalt.Preparation method can be with
Using infiltration casting, investment casting, electrodeposition process etc..Three-dimensional open pores foaming structure aperture is 0.1mm to 1cm, porosity
It is 50% to 99%, density 0.1g/cm3To 1.5g/cm3。
This programme will prepare open celled foam constructed of aluminium using THROUGH METHOD.
（1）0.5h is kept the temperature at 600 DEG C to the quasi- filler salt used first, to remove the crystallization water；
（2）Then the salt particle of different-grain diameter after pretreatment is packed into mold, and particle is carried out under pressure pre-
Consolidation；
（3）Then mold is put into togerther with particle in stove and is preheated, preheating temperature is controlled at 640 DEG C or so, is waited to be cast；
（4）Molten aluminum is melted in resistance crucible furnace and is superheated to 750 DEG C of scheduled temperature, is added O.4% (mass fraction)
C2Cl6Refinery by de-gassing；
（5）People's mold is poured after skimming, molten aluminum is permeated under the piston pressure of gravity and 0.03MPa into soluble particles, cold
But it can be obtained the complex of aluminium and salt particle afterwards；
（6）After salt particle being removed with the method for hot water dissolving can be obtained foam aluminium alloy.Porosity can reach 83%, close
Degree is about 0.9g/cm3, and aperture can reach 0.8mm.
Second, in open-cell foam structure assembled inside aeroge.Such as Fig. 2.
The methods of collosol and gel can be utilized to prepare aeroge.In sol phase, open-cell foam structure is immersed in colloidal sol
In, gel and drying are then carried out, the open-cell foam structure of assembling aeroge is prepared.Gel structure dielectric material, metal material
Deng, such as SiO2 aeroges, nickel aeroge etc..Wherein, SiO2 aeroges density can reach 0.16mg/cm3, nickel aeroge density
0.9mg/cm3 can be reached.To enhance the elasticity of aeroge, flexible aeroge can be assembled, is such as prepared using derivatization method pure soft
Property SiO2 aeroges.
In the present solution, SiO will be assembled in open celled foam aluminium alloy2Aeroge.
（1）By ethyl alcohol:Water:The molar ratio of ethyl orthosilicate is according to 6:4:1 ratio mixing, using hydrochloric acid first by solution
PH value adjustment is to 5, and water-bath about 90 minutes, make it be fully hydrolyzed at a temperature of 60 DEG C, utilizes ammonium hydroxide further by solution tune later
It is 8 to save pH value；
（2）It is placed in such as solution in transferring the solution into closed container, while by foamed aluminium porous metal structure to be assembled,
Alcogel is formed at room temperature；
（3）Foam constructed of aluminium after assembling is placed into ethyl alcohol, is impregnated for 24 hours at 60 DEG C, then with volume content is 80% just
Silester alcohol solution dipping is aged 48h, is then impregnated for 24 hours at 50 DEG C with absolute ethyl alcohol；
（4）It is 10 hours dry at 80 DEG C later, you can to prepare assembling SiO2The foamed aluminium metal porous structure device of aeroge.
The gentle Gel Compositions body of open-cell foam structure is processed as space junk collection device by third.
The open-cell foam structure after aeroge will be assembled and be processed into certain flat shape, such as 1m × 1m × 0.5m, at it
Surrounding uses the low gassed materials such as aluminium alloy to be fixed as shell.
2 nickel foam porous metal structure substrate over-assemble flexibility SiO of embodiment2Aerosol
First, three-dimensional open pores foaming structure is prepared.
Three-dimensional open pores foaming structure can be the materials such as nickel foam, foamed aluminium, foamed iron, foam cobalt.Preparation method can be with
Using infiltration casting, investment casting, electrodeposition process etc..Three-dimensional open pores foaming structure aperture is 0.1mm to 1cm, porosity
It is 50% to 99%, density is 0.1g/cm3 to 1.5g/cm3.This programme is using polyurethane foam plastics as matrix.Technological process
For：Oil removing-roughening-sensitization-activation-dispergation-chemical plating-plating-drying-calcination.Wherein electrochemical deoiling, roughening,
Sensitization, activation belong to the processing before chemical plating.
（1）Use neutral emulsifier except polyurethane foam is put into wherein by oil solution first, about 10 points at a temperature of 45 DEG C
Clock stirs solution during this, clean wash with distilled water later.
（2）With the potassium permanganate of 30g/L and the technical grade sulfuric acid coarsening solution of d=1.84 to the polyurethane foam after deoiling into
Row roughening, about 37 DEG C of Coarsening Temperature, coarsening time about 5min.
（3）The sensitizing solution configured with 30g/L stannous chlorides and the chemical pure hydrochloric acid of d=1.19 is sensitized 5 min at 45 DEG C,
In activation process, a small amount of tin grain is added to inhibit the hydrolysis of stannous chloride and the oxidation of Sn2+, until foam surface is given birth to
At one layer of milky milky substance.
（4）Foamed material is put into the pure palladium bichloride of chemistry at 37 DEG C after sensitization and the chemical pure hydrochloric acid of d=1.19 is matched
About 5 min are activated in the activating solution set, until foam surface there are minute bubbles to generate and has black in the activating solution of yellow
Species metal palladium generates.
（5）Foamed material after activated cleans 1min to remove the gel for being covered in the surfaces Pd with 10% hydrochloric acid solution
Layer makes Pd atoms be exposed to surface and plays catalytic action.
（6）The condition of chemical nickel plating is (g/L)：Nickel sulfate 80, sodium hypophosphite 24, sodium acetate 12, boric acid 8, ammonium chloride
6.Pretreated foam base plate material is put into chemical nickel-plating solution, foam surface has a bubble generation, after 30 min, foam
The bubble generation of material surface significantly reduces, and is drawn off, one layer of thin metallic nickel is generated on surface, standby wash with distilled water
With.
（7）Electronickelling is a kind of electrochemical process, and foam leaching people is contained nickel salt (such as NiSO4) solution in as the moon
Pole, metal nickel plate will deposit metallic nickel plated layer after connecting DC power supply as anode on foam.It is initially powered up plating
Originally in 2~3 min, electric current can be adjusted to 5A/dm2, be adjusted to 2A/dm2, about 30min later, that is, complete plating.
（8）It is dried under the conditions of 60~70 C.
（9）Under an atmosphere of hydrogen, 950 DEG C of 1 h of heat preservation, with the matrix polyurethane foam plastics for the nickel that defoams.
Open celled foam nickel structure is can be obtained, porosity can reach 97%, and density 0.2g/cm3, aperture can reach 1mm.
Second, in open-cell foam structure assembled inside aeroge.Such as Fig. 2.
It is the same with aluminum foam structure, in the present solution, SiO will be assembled in open celled foam nickel structure2Aeroge.
（1）By ethyl alcohol:Water:The molar ratio of ethyl orthosilicate is according to 6:4:1 ratio mixing, using hydrochloric acid first by solution
PH value adjustment is to 5, and water-bath about 90 minutes, make it be fully hydrolyzed at a temperature of 60 DEG C, utilizes ammonium hydroxide further by solution tune later
It is 8 to save pH value；
（2）It is placed in such as solution in transferring the solution into closed container, while by nickel foam porous metal structure to be assembled,
Alcogel is formed at room temperature；
（3）Nickel foam structure after assembling is placed into ethyl alcohol, is impregnated for 24 hours at 60 DEG C, then with volume content is 80% just
Silester alcohol solution dipping is aged 48h, is then impregnated for 24 hours at 50 DEG C with absolute ethyl alcohol；
（4）It is 10 hours dry at 80 DEG C later, you can to prepare assembling SiO2The foamed aluminium metal porous structure device of aeroge.
The gentle Gel Compositions body of open-cell foam structure is processed as space junk collection device by third.
The open-cell foam structure after aeroge will be assembled and be processed into certain flat shape, such as 1m × 1m × 0.5m, at it
Surrounding uses the low gassed materials such as aluminium alloy to be fixed as shell.
By the aeroge made assembling open-cell foam structure space junk capture on the windward side of spacecraft.
Although giving detailed description and explanation to the specific implementation mode of patent of the present invention above, it should be noted that
Be, we can the conception of patent according to the present invention various equivalent changes and modification are carried out to the above embodiment, produced by
Function still covered without departing from specification and attached drawing spirit when, should all be within the protection domain of patent of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. the open-cell foam structure space junk acquisition equipment of aeroge assembling, including the shell that makes of low gassed materials and solid
The foamed metal structures being scheduled in shell are wherein assembled with aeroge in the hole of foamed metal structures, broken for short space
The in-orbit capture of piece.
2. acquisition equipment as described in claim 1, wherein micro space debris refers to that grade or micron-sized space are broken
Piece.
3. acquisition equipment as described in claim 1, wherein foamed metal structures are three-dimensional open pores foaming structure, by Metal Substrate
Body is mutually combined with hole, specially nickel foam, foamed aluminium, foamed iron or foam cobalt.
4. acquisition equipment as claimed in claim 3, wherein the preparation method of foamed metal structures uses infiltration casting, melts
Prepared by mould casting method, electrodeposition process, aperture is 0.1mm to 1cm, and porosity is 50% to 99%, density 0.1g/cm3
To 1.5g/cm3。
5. acquisition equipment as described in claim 1, wherein aeroge is prepared by sol-gal process or derivatization method.
6. acquisition equipment as claimed in claim 5, wherein, will in sol phase when preparing aerosol by sol-gal process
Metal foam structures are immersed in colloidal sol, then carry out gel and drying, prepare the open-cell foam structure of assembling aeroge.
7. acquisition equipment as claimed in claim 5, wherein the aeroge is SiO2Aeroge or nickel aeroge.
8. acquisition equipment as claimed in claim 5, wherein when carrying out aerosol preparation by derivatization method, supplement is main here
Process；Further, the flexible aeroge is flexibility SiO2Aeroge.
9. acquisition equipment as claimed in claim 5, wherein the open-cell foam structure after assembling aeroge is processed into certain plane
After shape, the low gassed materials of aluminium alloy are used to be fixed as shell in its surrounding.
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| CN201810272912.2A CN108466706B (en) | 2018-03-29 | 2018-03-29 | Open cell foam structure space debris trapping apparatus of aerogel equipment |
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