CN108456070A - A kind of water-holding slow-release type nitrogenous fertilizer and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
A kind of water-holding slow-release type nitrogenous fertilizer and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN108456070A CN108456070A CN201810310523.4A CN201810310523A CN108456070A CN 108456070 A CN108456070 A CN 108456070A CN 201810310523 A CN201810310523 A CN 201810310523A CN 108456070 A CN108456070 A CN 108456070A
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
- C05G3/80—Soil conditioners
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05C—NITROGENOUS FERTILISERS
- C05C9/00—Fertilisers containing urea or urea compounds
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
- C05G3/90—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity for affecting the nitrification of ammonium compounds or urea in the soil
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G5/00—Fertilisers characterised by their form
- C05G5/30—Layered or coated, e.g. dust-preventing coatings
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
- Y02P60/20—Reduction of greenhouse gas [GHG] emissions in agriculture, e.g. CO2
- Y02P60/21—Dinitrogen oxide [N2O], e.g. using aquaponics, hydroponics or efficiency measures
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Pest Control & Pesticides (AREA)
- Soil Sciences (AREA)
- Fertilizers (AREA)
Abstract
The present invention relates to a kind of water-holding slow-release type nitrogenous fertilizer and preparation method thereof, belong to technical field of fertilizer production.The present invention is by being conjugated modified swill-cooked dirty oil to increase its film forming,Due to the hydrophobicity of gutter oil,Coated fertilizer and urea can be temporarily isolating by oil film,Substantially reduce the speed that urea is dissolved into coated fertilizer,Achieve the purpose that the preliminary solubility for reducing nitrogen,Simultaneously using black liquid as water-holding slow-release material,It is wrapped in urea granules surface,After urea granules are manured into soil,Water urea granules surface viscosity is met to increase,Gradually form high viscosity hydration shell or three-dimensional space network structure,Limit the movement of hydrone,Reduce urea granules rate of dissolution,And the big granule of Zinc fractions can be adsorbed,It is adsorbed and is retained by exchangeability,Reduce urea granules Nutrient water translocation rate,Simultaneously,Water-holding slow-release material is adhered to soil particle surface,Improve soil aggregate structure,So as to increase water retention in soil,Reduce Water evaporation rate.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of water-holding slow-release type nitrogenous fertilizer and preparation method thereof, belong to technical field of fertilizer production.
Background technology
In order to improve crop yield, increases food supply, meet growing grain demand, chemical fertilizer and water resource
Input amount in agricultural production increases year by year.However, since existing chemical fertilizer rate of dissolution is too fast, when fertilizer application arrives
After soil, a large amount of nutrient is easy to be lost in natural environment by gaseous state volatilization, leaching and rainwash, only very
At least part of nutrient can be absorbed by plants the utilization rate of fertilizer for making full use of, thus causing low.High fertilizer loss
Amount and unreasonable fertilization mode not only cause huge economic loss, energy waste, also bring many serious rings
Border problem, such as the problems such as underground water pollution, body eutrophication, soil degradation, atmosphere pollution.Wherein, nitrogenous fertilizer is crop production
Middle dosage is maximum, and production-increasing function is apparent but the maximum fertilizer of environmental risk, therefore improves the utilization rate of nitrogenous fertilizer, reduces the damage of nitrogenous fertilizer
Vector alleviates environmental problem and has become particularly important.
In addition, China is large agricultural country, larger to the demand of water resource, Water Consumption in Agriculture accounts for total water consumption
61.3%, but China can be with fresh water amount but not as good as the average level in the world, low agricultural water resource utilization rate results in water money
The serious waste in source exacerbates the crisis of shortage of water resources.The notch of China's agricultural water is about 30,000,000,000 m3/ year, and agricultural is used
Water is also continuing to increase, therefore it is extremely urgent to improve the utilization rate of water resource, water-saving and synergistic.
Moisture-retention sustained release fertilizer refer to by super absorbent resin with fertilizer is combined in a certain way prepared by a kind of collection
The not only novel and multifunctional fertilizer with water-absorbing-retaining but also with slow release of water-fertilizer integral.Moisture-retention sustained release fertilizer and soil are molten
Liquid contact after, can water absorption and swelling become gel state, the diffusion of fertilizer nutrient is hindered, to make the rate of release of fertilizer nutrient subtract
Slowly.Therefore, it after the fertilizer application to soil, will can reduce Fertilizer application number, reduce water consumption, while improve fertilizer and water
The utilization rate of resource, but existing moisture-retention sustained release fertilizer water-absorbing-retaining sustained release performance is poor, degradation property is poor and easily causes secondary dirt
Dye, also needs further perfect.
Invention content
The technical problems to be solved by the invention：, drop poor for existing moisture-retention sustained release fertilizer water-absorbing-retaining sustained release performance
Solution poor performance and the problem of easily cause secondary pollution provides a kind of water-holding slow-release type nitrogenous fertilizer and preparation method thereof.
In order to solve the above technical problems, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is：
A kind of water-holding slow-release type nitrogenous fertilizer, including following weight parts raw material：200~300 parts of urea, 2~3 parts of modified swill-cooked dirty oils, 30
~45 parts of release-controlled coated liquid.
The urea granules grain size is 1.5~3.0mm.
The modified swill-cooked dirty oil is the gutter oil through nickel hydroxide catalytic modification, and the catalytic modification process is in nitrogen atmosphere
180~200 DEG C of 2~4h of insulated and stirred are heated under enclosing.
The nickel hydroxide dosage is the 0.10~0.25% of trench oil quality.
The release-controlled coated liquid is black liquid, hydrogen peroxide, plant ash adjust pH to 7~8 after mixing, is packed into reaction
It is modified obtained with formaldehyde, phenol, molasses crosslinking to lead to dioxygen oxidation in kettle.
The black liquid, hydrogen peroxide, plant ash, formaldehyde, phenol, molasses parts by weight be that 200~300 parts of solid contents are
40% black liquid, 20~30 parts of mass fractions are 20% hydrogen peroxide, 10~15 parts of plant ash, 15~20 parts of formaldehyde, 6~8 parts of benzene
Phenol, 3~6 parts of molasses.
The oxidation modification process is that 120~160 DEG C of 1~2h of insulation reaction are heated under oxygen atmosphere.
A kind of preparation method of the water-holding slow-release type nitrogenous fertilizer the specific steps are：
（1）It takes gutter oil, nickel hydroxide to be fitted into flask to be uniformly mixed, then is heated to 180~200 DEG C of heat preservations under nitrogen atmosphere
2~4h is stirred, filtering removal insoluble matter, obtains modified swill-cooked dirty oil after being cooled to room temperature；
（2）It takes black liquid, hydrogen peroxide, plant ash to be uniformly mixed, mass fraction is used in combination to be filled after 5% salt acid for adjusting pH to 7~8
Enter in reaction kettle, 120~160 DEG C of 1~2h of insulation reaction are heated under oxygen atmosphere, must be modified and make after being cooled to 70~80 DEG C
Paper black liquor；
（3）Formaldehyde is added into modified black liquid, 95~100 DEG C are heated to after 1.5~2.0h of insulation reaction, adds benzene
Phenol is added molasses after 1.0~1.5h of insulation reaction, with 200~300r/min, 0.5~1.0h of insulated and stirred, obtains release-controlled coated liquid；
（4）It takes urea to be fitted into coating machine, wind pushing temperature is adjusted to 60~70 DEG C, mist is sprayed into from side by modified swill-cooked dirty oil
Shape makes it be dispersed in the surface of urea granules, then so that it is dispersed in urine release-controlled coated liquid atomisation from side
Plain surface stops heating after keeping the temperature 20~30min, and natural air drying after temperature is reduced to 30~40 DEG C obtains water-holding slow-release type nitrogenous fertilizer.
Compared with other methods, advantageous effects are the present invention：
（1）The present invention is by being conjugated modified swill-cooked dirty oil to increase its film forming, and due to the hydrophobicity of gutter oil, oil film can will wrap
Membrane material is temporarily isolating with urea, substantially reduces the speed that urea is dissolved into coated fertilizer, reaches the initial stage dissolution for reducing nitrogen
The purpose of rate, while using black liquid as water-holding slow-release material, it being wrapped in urea granules surface, after urea granules are manured into soil,
It meets water urea granules surface viscosity to increase, gradually forms high viscosity hydration shell or three-dimensional space network structure, limit hydrone
Movement reduces urea granules rate of dissolution, and can adsorb the big granule of Zinc fractions, is adsorbed and is retained by exchangeability, reduces
Urea granules Nutrient water translocation rate, meanwhile, water-holding slow-release material is adhered to soil particle surface, improves soil granular
Structure reduces Water evaporation rate so as to increase water retention in soil；
（2）Water-holding slow-release type nitrogenous fertilizer of the present invention can be such that total nitrogen of soil and alkaline hydrolysis nitrogen content is gradually increasing, and the soil organism is also continuous
Increase, coated fertilizer is decomposed into organic matter under the action of microorganism in the soil, and organic matter can improve soil physico-chemical property,
Biological property, and the nutriment needed for plant growth is provided, it can be utilized by plant as fertilizer, stimulation nitrogen absorbs, nothing
It remains, not contaminated soil, and cost-effective.
Specific implementation mode
Take 200~300g gutter oils, 0.3~0.5g nickel hydroxides to be fitted into flask, with 300~400r/min stirring 10~
15min, then it is heated to 180~200 DEG C under nitrogen atmosphere, 2~4h of insulated and stirred, filtering removal is insoluble after being cooled to room temperature
Object obtains modified swill-cooked dirty oil, take 200~300g solid contents be 40% black liquid, 20~30g mass fractions be 20% hydrogen peroxide, 10
~15g plant ash stirs 20~30min with 200~300r/min, and mass fraction is used in combination to be filled after 5% salt acid for adjusting pH to 7~8
Enter in reaction kettle, 120~160 DEG C, 1~2h of insulation reaction are heated under oxygen atmosphere, is obtained after being cooled to 70~80 DEG C modified
15~20g formaldehyde is added into modified black liquid, 95~100 DEG C are heated to after 1.5~2.0h of insulation reaction for black liquid,
Add 6~8g phenol, 3~6g molasses be added after 1.0~1.5h of insulation reaction, with 200~300r/min insulated and stirreds 0.5~
1.0h obtains release-controlled coated liquid, and 200~300g urea is taken to be fitted into coating machine, and wind pushing temperature is adjusted to 60~70 DEG C, from side
By 2~3g modified swill-cooked dirty oil atomisations, it is set to be dispersed in the surface of urea granules, then be sustained from side by 30~45g
Coating liquid atomisation makes it be dispersed in urea surface, keeps the temperature and stops heating after 20~30min, and temperature is reduced to 30~
Natural air drying after 40 DEG C obtains water-holding slow-release type nitrogenous fertilizer.
It takes 200g gutter oils, 0.3g nickel hydroxides to be fitted into flask, 10min is stirred with 300r/min, then in nitrogen atmosphere
Under be heated to 180 DEG C, insulated and stirred 2h, after being cooled to room temperature filtering removal insoluble matter, obtain modified swill-cooked dirty oil, take 200g solid contents
For 40% black liquid, 20g mass fractions are 20% hydrogen peroxide, and 10g plant ash stirs 20min with 200r/min, quality point is used in combination
Number is heated to 120 DEG C, insulation reaction 1h is cooled to 70 to be fitted into reaction kettle after 5% salt acid for adjusting pH to 7 under oxygen atmosphere
It must be modified black liquid after DEG C, 15g formaldehyde is added into modified black liquid, 95 DEG C are heated to after insulation reaction 1.5h, then add
Enter 6g phenol, 3g molasses are added after insulation reaction 1.0h is obtained release-controlled coated liquid, taken 200g with 200r/min insulated and stirred 0.5h
Urea is fitted into coating machine, and wind pushing temperature is adjusted to 60 DEG C, from side by 2g modified swill-cooked dirty oil atomisations, it is made uniformly to divide
It is dispersed in the surface of urea granules, then so that it is dispersed in urea surface the release-controlled coated liquid atomisations of 30g from side, is protected
Stop heating after warm 20min, natural air drying after temperature is reduced to 30 DEG C obtains water-holding slow-release type nitrogenous fertilizer.
It takes 250g gutter oils, 0.4g nickel hydroxides to be fitted into flask, 12min is stirred with 350r/min, then in nitrogen atmosphere
Under be heated to 190 DEG C, insulated and stirred 3h, after being cooled to room temperature filtering removal insoluble matter, obtain modified swill-cooked dirty oil, take 250g solid contents
For 40% black liquid, 25g mass fractions are 20% hydrogen peroxide, and 12g plant ash stirs 25min with 250r/min, quality point is used in combination
Number is heated to 140 DEG C, insulation reaction 1h is cooled to 75 to be fitted into reaction kettle after 5% salt acid for adjusting pH to 7 under oxygen atmosphere
It must be modified black liquid after DEG C, 18g formaldehyde is added into modified black liquid, 98 DEG C are heated to after insulation reaction 1.8h, then add
Enter 7g phenol, 5g molasses are added after insulation reaction 1.2h is obtained release-controlled coated liquid, taken 250g with 250r/min insulated and stirred 0.8h
Urea is fitted into coating machine, and wind pushing temperature is adjusted to 65 DEG C, from side by 2g modified swill-cooked dirty oil atomisations, it is made uniformly to divide
It is dispersed in the surface of urea granules, then so that it is dispersed in urea surface the release-controlled coated liquid atomisations of 40g from side, is protected
Stop heating after warm 25min, natural air drying after temperature is reduced to 35 DEG C obtains water-holding slow-release type nitrogenous fertilizer.
It takes 300g gutter oils, 0.5g nickel hydroxides to be fitted into flask, 15min is stirred with 400r/min, then in nitrogen atmosphere
Under be heated to 200 DEG C, insulated and stirred 4h, after being cooled to room temperature filtering removal insoluble matter, obtain modified swill-cooked dirty oil, take 300g solid contents
For 40% black liquid, 30g mass fractions are 20% hydrogen peroxide, and 15g plant ash stirs 30min with 300r/min, quality point is used in combination
Number is heated to 160 DEG C, insulation reaction 2h is cooled to 80 to be fitted into reaction kettle after 5% salt acid for adjusting pH to 8 under oxygen atmosphere
It must be modified black liquid after DEG C, 20g formaldehyde is added into modified black liquid, 100 DEG C are heated to after insulation reaction 2.0h, then add
Enter 8g phenol, 6g molasses are added after insulation reaction 1.5h is obtained release-controlled coated liquid, taken 300g with 300r/min insulated and stirred 1.0h
Urea is fitted into coating machine, and wind pushing temperature is adjusted to 70 DEG C, from side by 3g modified swill-cooked dirty oil atomisations, it is made uniformly to divide
It is dispersed in the surface of urea granules, then so that it is dispersed in urea surface the release-controlled coated liquid atomisations of 45g from side, is protected
Stop heating after warm 30min, natural air drying after temperature is reduced to 40 DEG C obtains water-holding slow-release type nitrogenous fertilizer.
Reference examples：The water-holding slow-release type nitrogenous fertilizer of Anhui company production.
The water-holding slow-release type nitrogenous fertilizer of example and reference examples is detected, specific detection is as follows：
Water absorption rate test：0.1g samples are put into and fill 250mL distilled water, the salting liquid of different ions type and concentration, difference
In the beaker of pH solution, until reaching swelling equilibrium.The sample of swelling is sieved with 100 mesh sieve into son, is weighed after removing extra solvent.
Water absorption rate is calculated by formula.
Release performance is tested：At room temperature, 0.1g samples are respectively put into and fill 250mL distilled water, various salts, difference
In the beaker of pH solution.Section in different times（1、3、5、7、10、15、21、28d）5mL solution is taken out, using to dimethylamino
Benzaldehyde colour developing spectrophotometry measures the content for taking out urea in liquid, to acquire urea preparations.
Water retention property is tested：0.1g samples are put into the beaker for filling 250mL distilled water, reach swelling equilibrium at room temperature
Afterwards, it filters, wipes the moisture on its surface away with filter paper, weigh, be denoted as W1, the sample of swelling is respectively put into 45oC and 80oC baking ovens
In, at regular intervals after, taking-up is weighed, and W is denoted as2, until the sample of swelling is completely dried.
The utilization rate of N；First, three kinds of fertilizer containing identical nitrogen content are uniformly mixed and are kept with 120g vermiculites respectively
Humidity is 60%, then will be transferred in small flower with the processed vermiculite of different fertilizer, then each basin is respectively placed in germination box
In, it is embedded to 10 cotton seeds in each basin, is then equably layered on other 30g vermiculites above cotton seeds, and by basin
It is put into artificial intelligence weather incubator, it is respectively 30oC and 25oC, intensity of illumination 400umol/ to keep diurnal temperature
(m2S), daily illumination 14h.Germination percentage is calculated after Cotton Seed is complete, and a cotton is then only retained in each basin
Seedling.It is watered using the distilled water of 300mL every 5d, after 30d, cotton seedling is taken out from basin, survey growth index, such as：
Plant height, root long, fresh weight, dry weight, and the nitrogen content in test plant calculate total nitrogen use efficiency of plant.
Specific testing result such as table 1.
1 performance characterization contrast table of table
| Detection project | Example 1 | Example 2 | Example 3 | Reference examples |
| Water absorption rate g/g | 71.3 | 68.9 | 70.2 | 41.2 |
| Release rate % | 69.8 | 71.2 | 73.4 | 35.1 |
| Water retention % | 80.1 | 79.8 | 82.3 | 45.6 |
| N utilization rates % | 64.7 | 72.3 | 75.1 | 21.3 |
As shown in Table 1, the water-holding slow-release type nitrogenous fertilizer that prepared by the present invention has good water absorbing and retaining properties, preparation and nitrogen profit
With interest rate, it is a kind of promising nitrogen fertilizer in agriculture of tool, is expected to be widely used in modern agriculture.
Claims (8)
1. a kind of water-holding slow-release type nitrogenous fertilizer, which is characterized in that including following weight parts raw material：200~300 parts of urea, 2~3 parts
Modified swill-cooked dirty oil, 30~45 parts of release-controlled coated liquid.
2. a kind of water-holding slow-release type nitrogenous fertilizer as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that the urea granules grain size is 1.5~
3.0mm。
3. a kind of water-holding slow-release type nitrogenous fertilizer as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that the modified swill-cooked dirty oil is through hydroxide
The gutter oil of nickel catalytic modification, the catalytic modification process be heated under nitrogen atmosphere 180~200 DEG C of insulated and stirreds 2~
4h。
4. a kind of water-holding slow-release type nitrogenous fertilizer as claimed in claim 3, which is characterized in that the nickel hydroxide dosage is gutter oil
The 0.10~0.25% of quality.
5. a kind of water-holding slow-release type nitrogenous fertilizer as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that the release-controlled coated liquid is that papermaking is black
Liquid, hydrogen peroxide, plant ash adjust pH to 7~8 after mixing, are fitted into reaction kettle that lead to dioxygen oxidation modified with formaldehyde, benzene
Phenol, molasses crosslinking are made.
6. a kind of water-holding slow-release type nitrogenous fertilizer as claimed in claim 5, which is characterized in that the black liquid, hydrogen peroxide, vegetation
Ash, formaldehyde, phenol, molasses parts by weight be 200~300 parts of solid contents be 40% black liquid, 20~30 parts of mass fractions are
20% hydrogen peroxide, 10~15 parts of plant ash, 15~20 parts of formaldehyde, 6~8 parts of phenol, 3~6 parts of molasses.
7. a kind of water-holding slow-release type nitrogenous fertilizer as claimed in claim 5, which is characterized in that the oxidation modification process is in oxygen
120~160 DEG C of 1~2h of insulation reaction are heated under atmosphere.
8. a kind of preparation method of water-holding slow-release type nitrogenous fertilizer as described in claim 1~7 any one, which is characterized in that tool
Body step is：
（1）It takes gutter oil, nickel hydroxide to be fitted into flask to be uniformly mixed, then is heated to 180~200 DEG C of heat preservations under nitrogen atmosphere
2~4h is stirred, filtering removal insoluble matter, obtains modified swill-cooked dirty oil after being cooled to room temperature；
（2）It takes black liquid, hydrogen peroxide, plant ash to be uniformly mixed, mass fraction is used in combination to be filled after 5% salt acid for adjusting pH to 7~8
Enter in reaction kettle, 120~160 DEG C of 1~2h of insulation reaction are heated under oxygen atmosphere, must be modified and make after being cooled to 70~80 DEG C
Paper black liquor；
（3）Formaldehyde is added into modified black liquid, 95~100 DEG C are heated to after 1.5~2.0h of insulation reaction, adds benzene
Phenol is added molasses after 1.0~1.5h of insulation reaction, with 200~300r/min, 0.5~1.0h of insulated and stirred, obtains release-controlled coated liquid；
（4）It takes urea to be fitted into coating machine, wind pushing temperature is adjusted to 60~70 DEG C, mist is sprayed into from side by modified swill-cooked dirty oil
Shape makes it be dispersed in the surface of urea granules, then so that it is dispersed in urine release-controlled coated liquid atomisation from side
Plain surface stops heating after keeping the temperature 20~30min, and natural air drying after temperature is reduced to 30~40 DEG C obtains water-holding slow-release type nitrogenous fertilizer.
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Application publication date: 20180828 |