CN108436062A - A kind of method in magnetic field and vibration compound action thinning metal solidification texture - Google Patents
A kind of method in magnetic field and vibration compound action thinning metal solidification texture Download PDFInfo
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- CN108436062A CN108436062A CN201810167826.5A CN201810167826A CN108436062A CN 108436062 A CN108436062 A CN 108436062A CN 201810167826 A CN201810167826 A CN 201810167826A CN 108436062 A CN108436062 A CN 108436062A
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
- B22D27/00—Treating the metal in the mould while it is molten or ductile ; Pressure or vacuum casting
- B22D27/02—Use of electric or magnetic effects
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
- B22D27/00—Treating the metal in the mould while it is molten or ductile ; Pressure or vacuum casting
- B22D27/08—Shaking, vibrating, or turning of moulds
Abstract
The present invention provides a kind of methods for realizing metal solidification texture refinement with vibration compound action using magnetic field, belong to metal freezing control technology field.Molten metal is set to generate high frequency micro breadth oscillation together with mold during solidification of metal melt, magnetic field is applied to metal bath simultaneously and carries out electromagnetic agitation, the compound action of high-frequency vibration and electromagnetic agitation makes the solidified structure of metal include crystal grain and precipitated phase refinement, is conducive to the comprehensive performance for improving metal casting.Significant advantage using the present invention is to make the significant effect of metal fining than single electromagnetic agitation and single vibration, and do not pollute metal, is suitble to the solidified structure refinement of various metal baths.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to metal freezing fields, are related specifically to a kind of golden using magnetic field and the refinement of mechanical oscillation compound action
Belong to the method for solidified structure.
Background technology
The solidified structure control of metal material is to improve the important means of material property, especially the solidifying fine crystal skill of material
Art attracts attention extensively in recent years, is considered as improving one of the main means of material property, the super-steel development rule that China proposes
It draws also using crystal grain refinement as an important realization means for realizing prepared by super-steel；Have at present for the technology of solidifying fine crystal
Very much, traditional method includes：Rapid solidification method, chemistry breed method and outfield control methods etc.；Rapid solidification method is by intensity of cooling
The needs of the factors such as limitation and coagulation defect control are difficult to realize high-volume metal zero defect solidification；It is to molten that chemistry, which breeds method,
Inovulant is added in vivo promotes forming core to realize crystal grain refinement, but chemistry breeds method that a degree of dirt can be brought to metal bath
Dye, and inoculant particle can influence the secondary structure of material, reduce the performance of material.
In the prior art, apply electromagnetic field, ultrasonic field and all existing research of electric field, these types of outer field action to melt to deposit
Common issue be metal grain in cannot making metal solidification texture and intercrystalline precipitate while refining；Process of setting electricity
Magnetic stirring technique can reduce columnar zone and increase isometric crystalline region, while have the effect of crystal grain thinning, and deficiency is refinement
The effect of crystal grain is less apparent, and single electromagnetic agitation is not to the refining effect of intergranular precipitate；Ultrasonic field is to solidifying fine crystal
Also there is apparent effect, decaying of the ultrasonic field in melt is serious when significantly insufficient, is that the solidified structure of material is uneven, and
Amplitude transformer can pollute metal；Process of setting applies electric field, when electric field is weaker, effect unobvious, and can band when electric field is stronger
Carry out security threat, and consumes too many electric energy.
Therefore, all there is crystal grain refinement in solidification of metal melt process single application electromagnetic field, ultrasonic field and electric field
The weaker problem of effect, there is presently no can be directly by solidifying control by crystal grain refinement to ten microns or several micron meters
The technology of degree, and the method the problems such as bringing excessively high energy consumption, safe operation for increasing outfield strength is depended merely on, for example, applying singly
One applies impulse electric field, there is many insecurity when electric field strength is high, and when additional electromagnetic field intensity is excessively high, magnetic field is being cast
The magnetic screen loss of mould or crystallizer wall is significantly increased, not only waste of energy, but also makes the interior tissue lack of homogeneity of material,
This is because caused by uneven inside melt of outfield.
In conclusion a kind of method with more efficient thinning metal solidification texture is proposed, to realizing super fine crystal material
Preparation be of great significance.
Invention content
The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of method that metal solidification texture refinement is realized in magnetic field with vibration compound action, solutions
The problems such as certainly current existing thinning effect of metal solidification texture control is poor, solidified structure is uneven and outfield high energy consumption.
The purpose of the present invention is what is realized by following scheme：
A kind of method in magnetic field and vibration compound action thinning metal solidification texture, it is characterised in that：In metal bath
In process of setting, electromagnetic agitation and vibration are applied simultaneously to metal bath, make metal solidification texture in magnetic field and the compound work of vibration
With lower refinement, until metal solidifies completely.
Preferably, the vibration is provided by support platform, vibrating device, high-frequency electric machines, and the vibrating device passes through flexibility
Device is connected to support platform top, and vibrating device is driven by high-frequency electric machines, and mold is placed directly in above vibrating device；Outside mold
Electromagnetic stirrer coil is installed in side, and the magnetic field of electromagnetic agitation is provided by electromagnetic stirrer coil；Mold together with the inside metal bath with
Vibrating device vibrates together, and metal bath moves under the action of electromagnetic agitation simultaneously.
Preferably, electromagnetic agitation make bath movement direction and vibration direction it is perpendicular.
Preferably, electromagnetic agitation makes melt level circumferential movement.
Preferably, mold is vertically upper of reciprocating vibration with shaking platform together with the molten metal of the inside.
Preferably for ferromagnetic metal material, the frequency 2-9Hz of electric current, magnetic induction intensity used in electromagnetic stirrer coil
It is 100-300Hz in the frequency of 200-500Gs, vibration, amplitude is 40-50 microns.
Preferably for non-ferromagnetic metal material, the frequency 10-15Hz of electric current, magnetic induction used in electromagnetic stirrer coil
Intensity is in 600-800Gs, and the frequency of vibration is 400-500Hz, and amplitude is 10-20 microns.
The present invention has the following advantages and technique effect compared with prior art：
1) present invention is acted synergistically using electromagnetic agitation and high-frequency mechanical vibration, realizes metal solidification texture refinement, this is
Two different effects have complementary and cooperative reinforcing work well in metal solidification process to the effect of structure refinement
With, therefore its thinning effect is more much better than single electromagnetic agitation and single mechanical oscillation, plays one-plus-one and is more than two
Effect；The precipitated phase of crystal grain and its intergranular can refine to 5 μm hereinafter, obtaining complete equiaxed grain structure；Why this is had
The effect of sample, in addition to electromagnetic agitation and mechanical oscillation are the reason of two different applied fields are with complementary and cooperative reinforcing,
Electromagnetic agitation and mechanical oscillation realize melt level circumferential movement by rational electromagnetic parameter and mechanical oscillation match parameters
There is close rate with up-down vibration, eliminate the directionality that grain growth and precipitate are formed in process of setting, and significantly
Forming core rate is improved, is realized and is efficiently refined and wait to growth.
2) present invention is acted on using electromagnetic field and mechanical oscillation, and function and effect complementation and collaboration enhance, than single application electricity
The significant effect of magnetic field or mechanical oscillation improves, and in the prior art, when single application outfield, the granularity of solidified structure is also only capable of controlling
Make the range at 20-50 μm, therefore, technique effect highly significant using the present invention.
3) electromagnetic agitation using the present invention is single than in the prior art has electrical source consumption low using electromagnetic agitation
Advantage needs to increase current value or frequency values to improve electromagnetic agitation ability, idle power consumption because when single application electromagnetic agitation
It is very big, 50% or so energy consumption can be saved when than single use electromagnetic agitation using the present invention.
4) there is vibrating device letter than the single prior art using mechanical vibration control metal freezing using the present invention
It is single, effect advantage outstanding, using the instability problem of Action of Superhigh Frequency Vibration when overcoming current mechanical oscillation refinement metal.
5) safety coefficient using the present invention is high, because weaker than single electromagnetic agitation intensity, shakes than single machinery
Fatigue resistance also wants low, so, the controllability of equipment improves, and stability improves.
6) present invention can be used for the solidification of ferrimagnet and nonferromugnetic material, have good versatility.
Description of the drawings
The equipment drawing in the magnetic fields of the present invention Fig. 1 and the method for vibration compound action thinning metal solidification texture.
(a) in Fig. 2, (b) are respectively the crystal grain group in the as-cast specimen centre of 1 gained of embodiment 1 and comparative example experiment
Knit figure.
(a) in Fig. 3, (b), (c), (d) are respectively the as-cast specimen centre of embodiment 2 and comparative example experiment 2-4
Grain structure figure.
(a) in Fig. 4, (b) are respectively the grain structure figure that embodiment 3 and comparative example test 5 as-cast specimen centres.
In figure：
1- support platforms；2- flexible connecting devices；3- vibrating devices；4- high-frequency electric machines；5- electromagnetic stirrer coils；6- is cast
Mould；7- metal baths.
Specific implementation mode
The invention will be further elaborated with reference to embodiments；Embodiment is merely to illustrate the present invention, rather than with
Any mode limits the present invention.
The method in magnetic field of the present invention and vibration compound action thinning metal solidification texture is in the solidifying of metal bath
During Gu, electromagnetic agitation and vibration are applied simultaneously to metal bath, make metal solidification texture in magnetic field and vibration compound action
Lower refinement, until metal solidifies completely.
As shown in Figure 1, in this method, required vibration is provided by support platform 1, vibrating device 3, high-frequency electric machines 4, described
Vibrating device 3 is connected to 1 top of support platform by flexible apparatus 2, and flexible apparatus 2 can be flexible spring etc..It shakes
Dynamic device 3 is driven by high-frequency electric machines 4, and mold 6 is placed directly in above vibrating device 3；Electromagnetic stirrer coil 5 is installed in 6 outside of mold,
The magnetic field of electromagnetic agitation is provided by electromagnetic stirrer coil 5；Mold 6 together with the inside metal bath 7 with 3 one starting of oscillation of vibrating device
Dynamic, metal bath 7 moves under the action of electromagnetic agitation simultaneously.Realize the present invention the specific steps are：
Mold 6 is placed directly in above vibrating device 3, is connected by flexible apparatus 2 between vibrating device 3 and support platform 1
It connects, vibrating device 3 is driven by high-frequency electric machines 4；After pouring into metal bath in mold 6, start to vibrate, makes mold 6 together with the inside
Metal bath 7 is vibrated with vibrating device 3；Meanwhile electromagnetic stirrer coil 5 being installed on the outside of mold, vibration while, opens
Electromagnetic agitation makes metal bath 7 be solidified under the action of electromagnetic agitation simultaneously, and it is compound in magnetic field and vibration to realize metal bath
The lower solidification of effect, until solidification completely, stops vibration and electromagnetic agitation.
Preferably, electromagnetic agitation make bath movement direction and vibration direction it is perpendicular.Electromagnetic stirring force makes melt water
Flat circumferential movement, mold are vertically upper of reciprocating vibration with shaking platform together with the metal of the inside.
In addition it is possible to by rational electromagnetic parameter and mechanical oscillation match parameters, realize that melt level is circumferentially transported
Dynamic and up-down vibration has close rate, eliminates the directionality that grain growth and precipitate are formed in process of setting, and substantially
Degree improves forming core rate, realizes and efficiently refines and wait to growth.For ferromagnetic metal material, used in electromagnetic stirrer coil 5
The frequency 2-9Hz of electric current, magnetic induction intensity is in 200-500Gs, and the frequency of vibration is 100-300Hz, and amplitude is 40-50 microns.
For non-ferromagnetic metal material, the frequency 10-15Hz of electric current used in electromagnetic stirrer coil 5, magnetic induction intensity is in 600-
The frequency of 800Gs, vibration are 400-500Hz, and amplitude is 10-20 microns.
Illustrate magnetic field of the present invention with specific embodiment below and vibrates compound action thinning metal solidification texture
The specific implementation mode and effect of method.
Embodiment 1：Solidification of the aluminium alloy in graphite mould
Melt prepares：6063 aluminium alloy 1kg, 99.7% melting at 720 DEG C；
Mold：Electrode graphite mold is baked to 400 DEG C, and the size of graphite casting die is 160 × 150mm of Φ；
Process of setting：Mold is placed directly in above vibrating device, is filled by flexibility between vibrating device and support platform
Connection is set, vibrating device is driven by high-frequency electric machines；After aluminium alloy melt is degassed when temperature is reduced to 700 DEG C, by aluminium alloy
Melt is cast in mold, starts to vibrate, make mold together with the inside metal bath with vibrating device vertically on
Of reciprocating vibration, the frequency of vibration is 400Hz, and amplitude is 10 microns；Meanwhile electromagnetic stirrer coil being installed on the outside of mold, it vibrates
While open electromagnetic agitation, make metal bath simultaneously under the action of electromagnetic agitation horizontal circumferential movement to solidify, magnetic stirring
The frequency 15Hz of electric current used, melt intrinsic inductance is in 800Gs, until solidification completely, stops vibration and electromagnetic agitation, take
Sample carries out metallographic structure observation.
From solidification theory it is found that casting sample centre is the most coarse equiaxed grain structure of crystal grain, Fig. 2 (a) is the embodiment
The grain structure figure in the as-cast specimen centre of acquisition, by Fig. 2 (a) as it can be seen that after applying the present invention, the crystalline substance at as-cast specimen center
Grain full-size is less than 5 μm, and the uniformity of crystallite dimension is very high, and especially intercrystalline precipitate whole Dispersed precipitate is in crystalline substance
Boundary, size are less than 1 μm.
For the effect of the comparison present invention, electromagnetic agitation and vibration are not used, under conditions of other conditions are identical, into
The casting sample of row comparative example experiment 1, acquisition takes centre to carry out Metallographic Analysis, and Fig. 2 (b) gives what comparative example experiment 1 obtained
The grain structure figure in as-cast specimen centre, by Fig. 2 (b) as it can be seen that the crystallite dimension of comparative example experiment 1 is at 50-60 μm or more,
And crystal grain is strip, the Partial Feature with column crystal；In addition, the precipitate of comparison crystal boundary is not it can be found that use the present invention
When crystal boundary between precipitated phase it is coarse and uneven, this also better illustrated the present invention have make crystal grain and intergranular precipitate simultaneously
The remarkable result of refinement.
Embodiment 2：Solidification of the AZ91 magnesium alloys in Copper casting mould
Copper casting mould：Size is 280 × 250mm of Φ；
Solidification experiments process：Mold is placed directly in above vibrating device, by soft between vibrating device and support platform
Property device connection, vibrating device drives by high-frequency electric machines；After alloy melt refining when temperature is reduced to 610 DEG C, it is cast to casting
In mould, start to vibrate, makes mold together with the metal bath of the inside with vertically upper of reciprocating vibration, the vibration of vibrating device
Frequency be 500Hz, amplitude be 20 microns；Meanwhile electromagnetic stirrer coil being installed on the outside of mold, vibration while, opens electromagnetism
Stirring, making metal bath, for horizontal circumferential movement to solidifying, magnetic stirs the frequency of electric current used under the action of electromagnetic agitation simultaneously
10Hz, melt intrinsic inductance, until solidification completely, stops vibration and electromagnetic agitation, materials in 600Gs and carry out metallographic group
Knit observation.
From solidification theory it is found that casting sample centre is the most coarse equiaxed grain structure of crystal grain, Fig. 3 (a) is the embodiment
The grain structure figure in the as-cast specimen centre of acquisition, by Fig. 3 (a) as it can be seen that after applying the present invention, as-cast specimen center just
The grain size of raw α phases is less than 4 μm, and the uniformity of size is very high, and especially eutectic phase is dotted, whole Dispersed precipitates
In crystal boundary, size is less than 1 μm.
For the effect of the comparison present invention, electromagnetic agitation and vibration are not used, under conditions of other conditions are identical, into
The casting sample of row comparative example experiment 2, acquisition takes centre to carry out Metallographic Analysis, and Fig. 3 (b) gives what comparative example experiment 2 obtained
The grain structure figure in as-cast specimen centre, by Fig. 3 (b) as it can be seen that the grain size of the primary alpha phase of comparative example experiment 2 is in 40-50
μm or more, and crystal grain is a column；In addition, eutectic phase it can be found that eutectic phase is coarse when not using the present invention, is vermiform,
And it is uneven, this, which has also better illustrated the present invention, has the effect of significant thinning microstructure, including can be nascent crystalline phase with
The remarkable result that eutectic phase refines simultaneously.
Influence than single electromagnetic agitation and single effect of vibration to solidification to illustrate the invention, it is complete in other conditions
Under conditions of exactly the same, carry out comparative example experiment 3 and comparative example experiment 4, comparative example experiment 3 only with 2 complete phase of embodiment
With electromagnetic agitation without using vibrate, comparative example experiment 4 only with embodiment 2 it is identical vibration without using electromagnetism
Stirring, the casting sample obtained respectively take centre to carry out Metallographic Analysis, and comparative example experiment 3 is set forth in (c) and (d) in Fig. 3
The grain structure figure in the as-cast specimen centre obtained with comparative example experiment, (c) and (d) is as it can be seen that when only with electricity in Fig. 3
Magnetic stirs or when only with vibration, and the grain size of primary alpha phase is at 20 μm or more in solidified structure, and crystal grain has column crystal special
Sign,；In addition, from eutectic phase it can be found that when only with electromagnetic agitation or only with vibration, particle that eutectic phase is 5 μm or
Vermiform, not only coarse for embodiment and uneven, this has also better illustrated the present invention than single electromagnetism
Stirring and single vibration have the effect of significant thinning microstructure, including can be nascent crystalline phase and eutectic phase while refine
Remarkable result.
Embodiment 3：The solidification of steel
Melt prepares：40Cr steel alloys 10kg meltings at 1580 DEG C.
Mold：Size is in the sand mold of 280 × 250mm of Φ.
Mold is placed directly in above vibrating device, is connected by flexible apparatus between vibrating device and support platform, is shaken
Dynamic device is driven by high-frequency electric machines；After alloy melt refining when temperature is reduced to 1520 DEG C, it is cast in mold, starts to shake
It is dynamic, keep mold vertically upper of reciprocating vibration with vibrating device together with the metal bath of the inside, the frequency of vibration is
200Hz, amplitude are 45 microns；Meanwhile electromagnetic stirrer coil being installed on the outside of mold, vibration while, opens electromagnetic agitation, makes
For horizontal circumferential movement to solidifying, magnetic stirs the frequency 6Hz of electric current used, melt to metal bath under the action of electromagnetic agitation simultaneously
Intrinsic inductance, until solidification completely, stops vibration and electromagnetic agitation, materialses in 400Gs and carries out metallographic structure observation.
Fig. 4 (a) is the grain structure figure in the as-cast specimen centre that the embodiment obtains, and is the comparative illustration present invention
Effect does not use electromagnetic agitation and vibration, under conditions of other conditions are identical, carries out comparative example experiment 5, the casting of acquisition
Sample takes centre to carry out Metallographic Analysis, as a result sees Fig. 4 (b)；Comparison is it is found that the present invention has the effect of significant thinning microstructure
Fruit can make nascent crystalline phase and eutectic phase while the remarkable result of refinement.
The embodiment is the preferred embodiments of the present invention, but present invention is not limited to the embodiments described above, not
Away from the present invention substantive content in the case of, those skilled in the art can make it is any it is conspicuously improved, replace
Or modification all belongs to the scope of protection of the present invention.
Claims (7)
1. a kind of method in magnetic field and vibration compound action thinning metal solidification texture, it is characterised in that：In the solidifying of metal bath
During Gu, electromagnetic agitation and vibration are applied simultaneously to metal bath, make metal solidification texture in magnetic field and vibration compound action
Lower refinement, until metal solidifies completely.
2. the method in magnetic field as described in claim 1 and vibration compound action thinning metal solidification texture, it is characterised in that：Institute
It states vibration to be provided by support platform (1), vibrating device (3), high-frequency electric machines (4), the vibrating device (3) passes through flexible apparatus
(2) it is connected to support platform (1) top, vibrating device (3) is driven by high-frequency electric machines (4), and mold (6) is placed directly in vibrating device
(3) above；The magnetic field of installation electromagnetic stirrer coil (5) on the outside of mold (6), electromagnetic agitation is provided by electromagnetic stirrer coil (5)；Casting
Mould (6) is vibrated together with the metal bath (7) of the inside with vibrating device (3), metal bath (7) while the work in electromagnetic agitation
With lower movement.
3. the method in magnetic field as described in claim 1 and vibration compound action thinning metal solidification texture, it is characterised in that：Electricity
The direction that magnetic stirs the direction and vibration that make bath movement is perpendicular.
4. the method in magnetic field as described in claim 1 and vibration compound action thinning metal solidification texture, it is characterised in that：Electricity
Magnetic stirring makes melt level circumferential movement.
5. the method in magnetic field as claimed in claim 2 and vibration compound action thinning metal solidification texture, it is characterised in that：Casting
Mould is vertically upper of reciprocating vibration with shaking platform (3) together with the molten metal of the inside.
6. the method in magnetic field as claimed in claim 2 and vibration compound action thinning metal solidification texture, it is characterised in that：It is right
In ferromagnetic metal material, the frequency 2-9Hz of electric current, magnetic induction intensity used in electromagnetic stirrer coil (5) shake in 200-500Gs
Dynamic frequency is 100-300Hz, and amplitude is 40-50 microns.
7. the method in magnetic field as described in claim 1 and vibration compound action thinning metal solidification texture, it is characterised in that：It is right
In non-ferromagnetic metal material, the frequency 10-15Hz of electric current used in electromagnetic stirrer coil (5), magnetic induction intensity is in 600-
The frequency of 800Gs, vibration are 400-500Hz, and amplitude is 10-20 microns.
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| CN109482847A (en) * | 2018-12-27 | 2019-03-19 | 江苏奇纳新材料科技有限公司 | Magnetic-moves the molding machine and method of combined precision complexity fine grain casting |
| CN113893752A (en) * | 2021-09-13 | 2022-01-07 | 中南大学 | Lifting type permanent magnetic stirring device and method |
| CN114273645A (en) * | 2021-12-27 | 2022-04-05 | 山东康普锡威新材料科技有限公司 | Method for preparing ultrafine crystal material by utilizing high-frequency vibration |
| CN114769519A (en) * | 2022-03-31 | 2022-07-22 | 沈阳工业大学 | Preparation method and equipment for lost foam casting nodular cast iron material |
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| CN108436062B (en) | 2021-05-25 |
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