CN108428876B - High-performance silicon/carbon nano composite negative electrode material and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
High-performance silicon/carbon nano composite negative electrode material and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention provides a high-performance silicon/carbon nano composite anode material and a preparation method thereof. The high-performance silicon/carbon nano composite cathode material is characterized by comprising carbon nano spherical particles with mesoporous channels, wherein simple substance silicon particles are filled in the spherical particles and/or the mesoporous channels. The silicon/carbon composite cathode material prepared by the invention has a porous structure, simple substance silicon particles are dispersed in a carbon framework and a mesoporous pore channel, and the silicon/carbon composite cathode material has the characteristics of low volume expansion effect in the lithium ion charging and discharging process, stable electrochemical cycle performance and the like.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of lithium ion battery materials, and particularly relates to a preparation method of a high-performance silicon-carbon negative electrode material.
Background
In order to meet the new generation of energy requirements, the development of novel lithium ion battery electrode materials is necessary to meet the development of future electric automobiles and portable electronic devices. Since silicon element is abundant in earth crust (26.4%, the second place), environment-friendly, and silicon and lithium can be alloyed at normal temperature, and have specific capacity ten times as high as that of commercial graphite electrode materials, the silicon-based negative electrode is the most potential next-generation negative electrode material for replacing graphite negative electrode. However, the silicon negative electrode material has a series of problems of overlarge volume change (300%) in the processes of lithium removal and lithium insertion, brittle fracture, specific capacity reduction, poor conductivity, generation of an unstable Solid Electrolyte Interface (SEI) and the like after multiple cycles. To overcome these problems, researchers have made numerous attempts to introduce buffer layers to compensate for material expansion using composite techniques.
The carbonaceous negative electrode material has small volume change in the charge and discharge process and good cycle stability, and graphitized carbon is a good electronic conductor. In addition, silicon has similar chemical properties to carbon and is often used as the substrate of choice for compositing with silicon.
In a silicon/carbon composite system, silicon particles are used as active substances to provide lithium storage capacity, and carbon can improve the conductivity of a siliceous material and disperse simple substance silicon to avoid the agglomeration of the silicon particles. Therefore, the silicon/carbon composite material integrates the advantages of the silicon/carbon composite material, shows high specific capacity and longer cycle life, becomes a hot point of research in recent years, and is expected to replace graphite to become a new-generation lithium ion battery negative electrode material.
In recent years, patent reports on silicon/carbon composite negative electrode materials are increasing, and in the patent application No. 201611218746.5 silicon-carbon negative electrode material and the preparation method, the preparation method of the high-performance silicon-carbon negative electrode material in the patent application No. 201710524085.7 and the preparation method of the silicon-carbon negative electrode material in the patent application No. 210710074206.2, nano silicon powder and graphite are dispersed into an organic precursor, then the organic precursor is dried and dispersed into asphalt for further coating, and finally the negative electrode material is obtained through sintering, crushing and screening. The first-circle capacity of the silicon-carbon anode material prepared by the method is 600-1200mAh/g, and the mass fraction of silicon is generally not more than 20%. The method is limited by the size of the silicon powder and the dispersing process, and the compounding of silicon and carbon is only physical combination, so that the uniform mixing on the molecular scale is difficult to realize. The patent application No. 201710270902.0 silicon-carbon negative electrode material and the preparation method thereof are characterized in that the surface of a simple substance silicon is treated firstly, organic functional groups are grafted, the simple substance silicon is mixed with modified vermicular graphene, then another organic substance is introduced to have a polymerization reaction with the organic functional groups on the surface of the simple substance silicon, and the chemical bonding between silicon and the graphene is enhanced.
The above studies show that, at present, these silicon-carbon negative electrode materials are prepared by mixing nano silicon particles with various carbon matrixes, and silicon and carbon are physically combined, and since the volume change of silicon is large in the process of lithium intercalation and deintercalation, the combination between silicon and carbon becomes worse and worse as the cycle progresses, and finally the silicon and carbon materials are separated, so that point contact is lost. And the particle size of the used simple substance silicon is more than 100nm, and after multiple cycles, the SEI film is thickened more due to volume expansion, so that the long-period cycling stability is reduced.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a silicon-carbon composite negative electrode material for a negative electrode of a lithium ion battery, which has the characteristics of low volume expansion effect and stable cycle performance.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides a high performance silicon/carbon nano composite anode material, which is characterized by comprising carbon nano spherical particles having mesoporous channels, wherein elemental silicon particles are filled in the spherical particles and/or the mesoporous channels.
Preferably, the silicon particles are less than 10nm in size.
Preferably, the mesoporous channels are distributed on the carbon nano spherical particles in order.
Preferably, the pore diameter of the mesoporous pore canal is 2-10 nm.
Preferably, the diameter of the carbon nano spherical particle is 100-200 nm.
The invention also provides a preparation method of the high-performance silicon/carbon nano composite anode material, which is characterized by comprising the following steps of: preparing mesoporous organic silicon nano particles, carbonizing the mesoporous organic silicon nano particles, wherein a carbonized product is a carbon skeleton with mesoporous channels, silicon-oxygen bonds are dispersed in a carbon-carbon bond network in the carbon skeleton, carrying out aluminothermic reduction on the obtained carbonized product, and breaking the silicon-oxygen bonds in the carbon skeleton to form simple substance silicon particles which are dispersed in the mesoporous channels.
Preferably, the silicon-oxygen bonds are uniformly dispersed in the carbon-carbon bond network inside the carbon skeleton.
Preferably, the preparation method of the mesoporous organosilicon nanoparticle comprises the following steps: adding a surfactant into an alkaline solution system mixed by ethanol and deionized water, adding an organic silicon precursor after stirring, continuously stirring overnight to obtain uniformly dispersed suspension, performing centrifugal separation, and drying to obtain mesoporous organic silicon powder.
Preferably, the organosilicon precursor is organosilicon containing alkyl or aromatic groups.
More preferably, the organosilicon precursor is a silicon containing a bis-triethoxysilyl group. More preferably, the silicon containing bis-triethoxysilyl is 1, 2-bis (triethoxysilyl) ethane or 1, 4-bis (triethoxysilyl) benzene.
More preferably, the mesoporous organosilicon is spherical, ordered mesoporous channels are distributed on the sphere, the pore diameter ranges from 2 nm to 5nm, and the sphere wall is connected by four elements of silicon, oxygen, carbon and hydrogen in a chemical bond mode.
Preferably, the carbonization is performed in an inert atmosphere. More preferably, the inert atmosphere refers to argon or nitrogen.
Preferably, the reduction is aluminothermic reduction.
More preferably, the aluminothermic reduction refers to an aluminothermic molten salt reduction method, and the reducing agent is a mixture of aluminum chloride and aluminum powder.
Preferably, the carbonized product is spherical, ordered mesoporous channels are distributed on the sphere, and the sphere wall is connected by three elements of silicon, oxygen and carbon in a chemical bond mode.
Preferably, the preparation method of the high-performance silicon/carbon nano composite anode material comprises the following steps: adding cetyl trimethyl ammonium bromide into the mixed deionized water, ethanol and ammonia water solution, and stirring for 1-3 h; adding an organic silicon precursor solution and stirring overnight; wherein the mechanical stirring speed is 300-500 r/min, and the temperature is 25-60 ℃; carrying out centrifugal separation on the obtained suspension, selecting 6000-15000 r/min of the rotating speed of a centrifugal machine, washing with ethanol and deionized water in sequence, and drying in an oven; and (4) placing the obtained white powder in a tube furnace, and carbonizing under the protection of inert gas. The carbonization temperature is 400-800 ℃, the carbonization time is 8-12h, and the heating rate is 1-5 ℃ per minute; then, mixing the carbonized product with aluminum powder and aluminum chloride powder, and carrying out aluminothermic reduction at 200-300 ℃; and washing the crude product obtained by reduction with water, diluted hydrochloric acid and ethanol respectively, and drying to obtain the silicon-carbon negative electrode material.
The silicon-carbon cathode material is obtained by carbonizing and reducing ordered mesoporous organic silicon particles.
The organic silicon precursor in the invention contains a silane group and an organic group such as an alkyl group or an aromatic group bridged with the silane group, wherein the organic group is used as a carbon source of the silicon-carbon negative electrode material, and the organic group is preferably a benzene ring.
Preferably, the volume ratio of ethanol to deionized water in the alkaline solution system mixed by ethanol and deionized water is 1: 3-1: 2, the alkaline solvent is ammonia water, and the volume ratio of ammonia water to deionized water is 1: 100-1: 50; cetyl trimethyl ammonium bromide is selected as the surfactant, the molar ratio of the surfactant to the deionized water is 1: 10000-1: 1000, and the molar ratio of the organic silicon source precursor to the deionized water is 1: 1000-1: 500.
Preferably, the carbonization temperature is 400-800 ℃, and the inert atmosphere is nitrogen or argon.
Preferably, the molten salt used for aluminothermic reduction is aluminum chloride and aluminum powder, and the mass ratio of the carbonized product to the aluminum powder to the aluminum chloride powder is 1: 0.5-1.2: 5-15.
Preferably, the aluminothermic reduction temperature is 200-300 ℃.
The invention belongs to the technical field of new energy materials, and particularly relates to a controllable preparation method of a silicon/carbon nano composite cathode material for a high-performance lithium ion battery, which comprises the following specific preparation steps: various organic silicon is used as raw materials, a porous organic silicon nano material is prepared by a sol-gel method, and the silicon/carbon nano composite negative electrode material can be obtained finally through molten salt reduction processes such as high-temperature carbonization, magnesium-aluminum-heat and the like.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. the mesoporous organic silicon material has various organic groups, and different types of organic groups can be selected according to requirements, so that silicon-carbon composite materials with different silicon-carbon ratios can be obtained.
2. The mesoporous organic silicon particles are uniformly distributed with 2-10nm pore channels on the surface, and channels and spaces are provided for lithium ion transmission and silicon particle volume expansion.
3. The silicon particles in the silicon-carbon composite material nano particles are smaller than 10nm in size and are uniformly distributed in the carbon skeleton, so that the stability of long-period circulation is ensured.
4. The carbon skeleton with higher graphitization degree can be obtained after carbonization by selecting the aromatic carbon source, which is beneficial to electron transmission.
5. The silicon/carbon composite cathode material prepared by the invention has a porous structure, simple substance silicon particles are dispersed in a carbon framework and a mesoporous pore channel, and the silicon/carbon composite cathode material has the characteristics of low volume expansion effect in the lithium ion charging and discharging process, stable electrochemical cycle performance and the like.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural view of a silicon/carbon composite anode material of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a transmission electron microscope image of the silicon/carbon composite negative electrode material according to embodiment 1 of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is an X-ray diffraction pattern of the silicon/carbon composite anode material according to embodiment 1 of the present invention.
Fig. 4 is a first charge-discharge curve diagram of the silicon/carbon composite negative electrode material according to embodiment 2 of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The invention will be further illustrated with reference to the following specific examples. It should be understood that these examples are for illustrative purposes only and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. Further, it should be understood that various changes or modifications of the present invention may be made by those skilled in the art after reading the teaching of the present invention, and such equivalents may fall within the scope of the present invention as defined in the appended claims.
The temperatures in the present invention are all degrees centigrade, unless otherwise specified.
Example 1
A high-performance silicon/carbon nano composite cathode material, as shown in FIG. 1, comprises nano spherical particles with a diameter of 100-200nm and mesoporous channels with a pore diameter of 2-10nm, wherein simple substance silicon particles are filled in the spherical particles and/or the mesoporous channels. The size of the silicon particles is less than 10 nm.
The preparation method of the high-performance silicon/carbon nano composite negative electrode material comprises the following steps:
the preparation method of the mesoporous organic silicon nano-particles comprises the following steps: mixing 280mL of deionized water, 120mL of ethanol and 2mL of concentrated ammonia water, adding 600mg of CTAB, stirring for 1-3h, wherein the mechanical stirring speed is 400 r/min, the temperature is 25 ℃, then adding 0.5mL of 1, 4-bis (triethoxysilyl) benzene (BTEB), stirring overnight to obtain uniformly dispersed suspension, performing centrifugal separation, the centrifuge speed is 8000 r/min, washing with ethanol and deionized water for three times in sequence, and placing in an oven for drying to obtain the ordered mesoporous organosilicon powder with the particle size range of 100-200 nm.
And (3) putting the obtained white mesoporous organic silicon powder into a tubular furnace for carbonization, raising the temperature to 600 ℃ at a heating rate of 3 ℃ per minute under the protection of nitrogen atmosphere, keeping for 6 hours, and then naturally cooling. The obtained carbonized product is black powder and is a carbon skeleton with mesoporous channels, and silicon-oxygen bonds are uniformly dispersed in a carbon-carbon bond network in the carbon skeleton.
Weighing a certain mass of black powder, aluminum powder and aluminum chloride powder in a mass ratio of 1: 1:10, placing the mixture in a stainless steel sealed container, heating to 250 ℃ for aluminothermic reduction, keeping for 8 hours, and breaking silicon-oxygen bonds in the carbon skeleton of the obtained carbonized product to form simple substance silicon particles which are dispersed in mesoporous channels.
And washing the obtained product with deionized water and centrifuging, washing for a plurality of times with 0.1M dilute hydrochloric acid, washing for three times with ethanol, centrifuging and drying, wherein the dried product is the negative electrode material.
The obtained negative electrode material is used for preparing a negative plate according to the following method: the prepared product is used as a nano silicon carbon negative electrode active substance, Super-P carbon black is used as a conductive agent, CMC is used as a binder, the nano silicon carbon negative electrode active substance, the Super-P carbon black and the CMC are uniformly mixed according to the mass ratio of 6: 2, deionized water is used as a solvent for size mixing, a planetary defoaming stirring device is used for preparing slurry, the slurry is coated on a copper foil by an automatic coating machine, the coating thickness is 7.5 mu m, then an electrode is placed in a vacuum oven at 80 ℃ for drying for 12h, and a negative electrode plate is cut into required sizes by an electrode preparation device.
Preparing a battery: the LIR2032 button-type half battery adopts a lithium sheet as a counter electrode, and the button-type battery is assembled in the glove box according to the sequence of a negative electrode shell, an electrode plate, a diaphragm, the lithium sheet, a stainless steel gasket, a spring piece and a positive electrode shell. The electrolyte adopts 1M LiPF (diethyl carbonate, DEC) (volume ratio is 3: 4: 3) solution modified by dissolving Ethylene Carbonate (EC)/dimethyl carbonate (DMC)/5 wt% fluoroethylene carbonate (FEC) additive6。
And (3) testing the battery: adopt new wei battery test system
Example 2
A high-performance silicon/carbon nano composite cathode material comprises nano spherical particles with the diameter of 100-200nm and mesoporous channels with the pore diameter of 2-10nm, and simple substance silicon particles are filled in the spherical particles and/or the mesoporous channels. The size of the silicon particles is less than 10 nm.
The preparation method of the high-performance silicon/carbon nano composite negative electrode material comprises the following steps:
the preparation method of the mesoporous organic silicon nano-particles comprises the following steps: mixing 280mL of deionized water, 120mL of ethanol and 2mL of concentrated ammonia water, adding 800mgCTAB, stirring for 1-3h, wherein the mechanical stirring speed is 400 r/min, the temperature is 25 ℃, then adding 1mL of 1, 2-bis (triethoxysilyl) ethane (BTEE), stirring overnight to obtain uniformly dispersed suspension, centrifugally separating, selecting 9000 r/min as the centrifuge speed, washing with ethanol and deionized water for three times in sequence, and placing in an oven for drying to obtain the ordered mesoporous organosilicon powder with the particle size range of 100-200 nm.
And (3) putting the obtained white mesoporous organic silicon powder into a tubular furnace for carbonization, raising the temperature to 500 ℃ at a heating rate of 3 ℃ per minute under the protection of nitrogen atmosphere, keeping for 6 hours, and then naturally cooling. The obtained carbonized product is black powder and is a carbon skeleton with mesoporous channels, and silicon-oxygen bonds are uniformly dispersed in a carbon-carbon bond network in the carbon skeleton.
Weighing a certain mass of black powder, mixing the black powder with aluminum powder and aluminum chloride powder in a mass ratio of 1:10, placing the mixture in a stainless steel sealed container, heating to 220 ℃ for aluminothermic reduction, keeping for 8 hours, and breaking silicon-oxygen bonds inside a carbon skeleton of an obtained carbonized product to form simple substance silicon particles which are dispersed in a mesoporous pore channel.
And washing the obtained product with deionized water and centrifuging, washing for a plurality of times with 0.1M dilute hydrochloric acid, washing for three times with ethanol, centrifuging and drying, wherein the dried product is the negative electrode material.
The electrode preparation and battery assembly were carried out in the same manner as in example 1, and are not described in detail.
Example 3
A high-performance silicon/carbon nano composite cathode material comprises nano spherical particles with the diameter of 100-200nm and mesoporous channels with the pore diameter of 2-10nm, and simple substance silicon particles are filled in the spherical particles and/or the mesoporous channels. The size of the silicon particles is less than 10 nm.
The preparation method of the high-performance silicon/carbon nano composite negative electrode material comprises the following steps:
the preparation method of the mesoporous organic silicon nano-particles comprises the following steps: mixing 280mL of deionized water, 150mL of ethanol and 2mL of concentrated ammonia water, adding 800mgCTAB, stirring for 1-3h, wherein the mechanical stirring speed is 400 r/min, the temperature is 25 ℃, then adding 0.5mL of 1, 4-bis (triethoxysilyl) benzene (BTEB) and 0.5mL of ethyl orthosilicate, stirring overnight to obtain uniformly dispersed suspension, centrifugally separating, selecting the centrifuge speed of 10000 r/min, washing three times with ethanol and deionized water in sequence, placing in an oven, and drying to obtain the ordered mesoporous organosilicon powder with the particle size range of 100-200 nm.
And (3) putting the obtained white mesoporous organic silicon powder into a tubular furnace for carbonization, raising the temperature to 800 ℃ at a heating rate of 2 ℃ per minute under the protection of nitrogen atmosphere, keeping for 6 hours, and then naturally cooling. The obtained carbonized product is black powder and is a carbon skeleton with mesoporous channels, and silicon-oxygen bonds are uniformly dispersed in a carbon-carbon bond network in the carbon skeleton.
Weighing a certain mass of black powder, aluminum powder and aluminum chloride powder in a mass ratio of 1: 0.8: 8, placing the mixture in a stainless steel sealed container, heating to 230 ℃ for aluminothermic reduction, keeping for 8 hours, and breaking silicon-oxygen bonds in the carbon skeleton of the obtained carbonized product to form simple substance silicon particles which are dispersed in the mesoporous pore canal.
And washing the obtained product with deionized water and centrifuging, washing for a plurality of times with 0.2M dilute hydrochloric acid, washing for three times with ethanol, centrifuging and drying, wherein the dried product is the negative electrode material.
The electrode preparation and battery assembly were carried out in the same manner as in example 1, and are not described in detail.
Comparative example 1
The procedure of example 3 was followed except that 1, 4-bis (triethoxysilyl) benzene was not added, and the description was omitted, since it was the same as in example 3.
Fig. 2 is a transmission electron microscope image of the silicon-carbon composite anode material obtained in example 1, and it can be seen from the image that simple substance silicon particles are uniformly mixed in the three-dimensional framework of mesoporous carbon. The XRD diagram of the attached figure 3 proves the existence of simple substance silicon, and in addition, as can be seen from the diagram of the attached figure 3, a very high peak is arranged near 25 degrees and represents the graphitization degree, and from the strength of the peak, the graphitization degree of carbon in the prepared anode material is very high. Fig. 4 is the first two cyclic voltammograms of the negative electrode material obtained in example 2, and it can be seen that the charging plateau of the first turn is around 0.2V, which is the characteristic charging plateau of a silicon negative electrode. Therefore, by the method, the silicon/carbon anode composite material is successfully prepared.
Table 1, electrochemical properties of cells assembled with silicon carbon negative electrode materials prepared in different examples and comparative examples are compared.
From table 1, the silicon-carbon negative electrode material with excellent performance can be prepared, and the battery cell assembled by taking the silicon-carbon negative electrode material as the negative electrode active material has excellent electrochemical performance. Specifically, comparative example 1, although having the highest lithium intercalation capacity, has the lowest first reversible capacity due to the generation of a surface SEI film, and the first coulombic efficiency is only 30%. The first reversible capacity of the embodiment 1 is more than 1000mAh/g, the first coulombic efficiency is 69%, the single-turn capacity decay rate after 500 cycles is 0.08%, and the cycle stability is good. The silicon-carbon negative electrode materials obtained in the embodiments 2 and 3 also have low capacity fading rate, and the first reversible capacity is more than twice of the theoretical capacity of the carbon negative electrode.
Variations and modifications to the above-described embodiments can be made by those skilled in the art, in light of the above teachings. For example, the second step and the third step are replaced, and the silicon/carbon cathode material can be obtained. For example, the reduction is carried out by a magnesiothermic reduction method. Therefore, the present invention is not limited to the above-mentioned embodiments, and any obvious improvement, replacement or modification made by those skilled in the art based on the present invention is within the protection scope of the present invention. Furthermore, although specific terms are employed herein, they are used in a generic and descriptive sense only and not for purposes of limitation.
Claims (9)
1. The high-performance silicon/carbon nano composite negative electrode material is characterized by comprising SiO with mesoporous pore canalsxThe SiOx/C composite mesoporous particles comprise Si and SiOxC, SiOxSimple substance silicon particles are filled in the interior of the/C composite mesoporous particles and/or mesoporous channels; the size of the simple substance silicon particles is less than 10 nm; the aperture of the mesoporous pore canal is 2-10 nm; the SiOxthe/C composite mesoporous particles are spherical or hollow spherical, and the diameter is 100-200 nm.
2. The method for preparing the high-performance silicon/carbon nanocomposite anode material according to claim 1, comprising: preparing mesoporous organic silicon nano particles, carbonizing the mesoporous organic silicon nano particles, wherein a carbonized product is a carbon skeleton with mesoporous channels, silicon-oxygen bonds are dispersed in a carbon-carbon bond network in the carbon skeleton, carrying out aluminothermic reduction on the obtained carbonized product, and breaking the silicon-oxygen bonds in the carbon skeleton to form simple substance silicon particles which are dispersed in the mesoporous channels.
3. The method for preparing the high-performance silicon/carbon nano composite anode material according to claim 2, wherein the method for preparing the mesoporous organosilicon nanoparticles comprises the following steps: adding a surfactant into an alkaline solution system mixed by ethanol and deionized water, adding an organic silicon precursor after stirring, continuously stirring overnight to obtain uniformly dispersed suspension, performing centrifugal separation, and drying to obtain mesoporous organic silicon powder.
4. The method for preparing a high-performance silicon/carbon nanocomposite negative electrode material according to claim 3, wherein the organosilicon precursor is an organosilicon containing a bis-triethoxysilyl group.
5. The method for preparing a high-performance silicon/carbon nanocomposite negative electrode material according to claim 2, wherein the carbonization is performed in an inert atmosphere.
6. The method for preparing a high-performance silicon/carbon nanocomposite anode material according to claim 2, wherein the reduction is aluminothermic reduction; the molten salt for aluminothermic reduction is aluminum chloride and aluminum powder, and the mass ratio of the carbonized product to the aluminum powder to the aluminum chloride powder is 1: 0.5-1.2: 5-15; the aluminothermic reduction temperature is 200-300 ℃.
7. The preparation method of the high-performance silicon/carbon nano composite anode material as claimed in claim 3, wherein the volume ratio of ethanol to deionized water in the alkaline solution system of ethanol and deionized water is 1: 3-1: 2, the alkaline solvent is ammonia water, and the volume ratio of ammonia water to deionized water is 1: 100-1: 50; cetyl trimethyl ammonium bromide is selected as the surfactant, the molar ratio of the surfactant to the deionized water is 1: 10000-1: 1000, and the molar ratio of the organic silicon precursor to the deionized water is 1: 1000-1: 500.
8. The preparation method of the high-performance silicon/carbon nano composite anode material according to claim 2, wherein the carbonization temperature is 400-800 ℃.
9. The method for preparing a high-performance silicon/carbon nanocomposite anode material according to claim 1,
the method comprises the following steps: adding cetyl trimethyl ammonium bromide into the mixed deionized water, ethanol and ammonia water solution, and stirring for 1-3 h; adding an organic silicon precursor solution and stirring overnight; wherein the mechanical stirring speed is 300-500 r/min, and the temperature is 25-60 ℃; carrying out centrifugal separation on the obtained suspension, selecting 6000-15000 r/min of the rotating speed of a centrifugal machine, washing with ethanol and deionized water in sequence, and drying in an oven; putting the obtained white powder into a tubular furnace, and carbonizing under the protection of inert gas; the carbonization temperature is 400-800 ℃, the carbonization time is 8-12h, and the heating rate is 1-5 ℃ per minute; then, mixing the carbonized product with aluminum powder and aluminum chloride powder, and carrying out aluminothermic reduction at 200-300 ℃; and washing the crude product obtained by reduction with water, diluted hydrochloric acid and ethanol respectively, and drying to obtain the silicon-carbon negative electrode material.
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