CN108417865B - Method and apparatus for activating fuel cell stack - Google Patents
Method and apparatus for activating fuel cell stack Download PDFInfo
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- CN108417865B CN108417865B CN201810170394.3A CN201810170394A CN108417865B CN 108417865 B CN108417865 B CN 108417865B CN 201810170394 A CN201810170394 A CN 201810170394A CN 108417865 B CN108417865 B CN 108417865B
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04223—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids during start-up or shut-down; Depolarisation or activation, e.g. purging; Means for short-circuiting defective fuel cells
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/24—Grouping of fuel cells, e.g. stacking of fuel cells
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
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Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of fuel cells, and discloses a method and a device for activating a fuel cell stack, wherein the method for activating the fuel cell stack comprises the following steps: under certain environment, the fuel cell stack is continuously operated for 5min at 300A; under another environment, the fuel cell stack is continuously operated for 90s at 300A, the operation is stopped, the operation is continuously performed for 30s, and the step is repeated until the output power is not increased any more, the average voltage is not increased any more, or the step is repeated for more than or equal to 10 times to perform the next step; in another environment, the fuel cell stack is continuously operated for 90s at 300A, then the fuel cell stack is stopped and continuously operated for 30s, if the output power is lower than the preset power or the average voltage is lower than the preset voltage, the step is repeated, otherwise, the activation of the performance of the fuel cell stack is completed. The method and the device for activating the fuel cell stack can realize the rapid activation of the performance of the fuel cell stack, improve the activation efficiency and reduce the activation cost.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of fuel cells, in particular to a method and a device for activating a fuel cell stack.
Background
The fuel cell stack is a power generation device composed of a plurality of single cells connected in series, and converts chemical energy of fuel into electric energy, so that the fuel cell stack is not limited by the carnot cycle effect, and has high power generation efficiency.
After the fuel cell stack is assembled and molded, the performance of the fuel cell stack needs to be activated to ensure that the performance of the fuel cell stack reaches the optimal state for use, and meanwhile, whether the fuel cell stack meets the delivery requirement can be detected, so that the delivered fuel cell stack has good performance. Currently, the activation of the existing fuel cell stack is generally accomplished by operating the fuel cell stack at a constant current for a long time until the performance of the fuel cell stack is no longer improved. However, when the fuel cell stack is activated in this manner, the activation time is long, so that the activation efficiency is low, which causes a loss of manpower and material resources, and further, the activation cost of the fuel cell stack is high.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a method and a device for activating a fuel cell stack, which are used for solving the technical problems of long activation time and low activation efficiency of the conventional fuel cell stack and reducing the activation cost of the fuel cell stack.
In order to solve the above technical problem, the present invention provides a method of activating a fuel cell stack, comprising the steps of:
introducing cooling water, hydrogen and air into the fuel cell stack, and setting a first temperature of the cooling water, a first temperature of the air, a first temperature of the hydrogen, a first dew point temperature of the air and a first dew point temperature of the hydrogen;
loading current to the fuel cell stack, continuously operating the fuel cell stack at 300A for 5min, and then reducing the current to 0A;
setting a second temperature of air, a second temperature of hydrogen, a first relative humidity of air and a first relative humidity of hydrogen;
loading current to the fuel cell stack, continuously operating the fuel cell stack at 300A for 90s, and then stopping the operation of the fuel cell stack for 30 s;
detecting the output power or the average voltage of the fuel cell stack, if the output power or the average voltage does not rise any more, carrying out the next step, otherwise, repeating the previous step until the output power does not rise any more, or the average voltage does not rise any more, or the number of times of repeating the previous step is more than or equal to 10, and carrying out the next step;
setting a second relative humidity of the air;
loading current to the fuel cell stack, continuously operating the fuel cell stack at 300A for 90s, and then stopping the operation of the fuel cell stack for 30 s;
detecting the output power or the average voltage of the fuel cell stack, if the output power is lower than the preset power or the average voltage is lower than the preset voltage, repeating the previous step, and otherwise, completing the activation of the fuel cell stack.
Preferably, the detecting the MEA of the fuel cell stack after the activation of the fuel cell stack is completed includes the steps of:
setting a third temperature of air and a third temperature of hydrogen, wherein the stoichiometric ratio of air is 1.4-2.4, and the stoichiometric ratio of hydrogen is 1.2-2.0;
loading current to the fuel cell stack, and continuously operating the fuel cell stack at 300A for 1-5 min;
detecting the voltage of each single cell and the average voltage of the fuel cell stack, if the voltage of the single cell is lower than the average voltage of the fuel cell stack by 20 mv-120 mv, outputting the detection result of replacing the MEA of the single cell, otherwise, outputting the good detection result of the MEA of the single cell.
Preferably, the detecting of the cathode bipolar plate of the fuel cell stack after the activation of the fuel cell stack is completed includes the steps of:
setting a third temperature of air and a third temperature of hydrogen, wherein the stoichiometric ratio of air is 1.2-2.2, and the stoichiometric ratio of hydrogen is 1.0-2.0;
loading current to the fuel cell stack, and continuously operating the fuel cell stack at 300A for 1-5 min;
detecting the voltage of each single cell and the average voltage of the fuel cell stack, if the voltage of the single cell is lower than the average voltage of the fuel cell stack by 60-200 mv, outputting the detection result of replacing the cathode bipolar plate of the single cell, otherwise, outputting the good detection result of the cathode bipolar plate of the single cell.
Preferably, the detecting of the anode bipolar plate of the fuel cell stack after the activation of the fuel cell stack is completed includes the steps of:
setting the third temperature of air and the third temperature of hydrogen, wherein the stoichiometric ratio of air is 1.4-2.4, and the stoichiometric ratio of hydrogen is 1.0-1.8;
loading current to the fuel cell stack, and continuously operating the fuel cell stack at 300A for 1-5 min;
detecting the voltage of each single cell and the average voltage of the fuel cell stack, if the voltage of the single cell is lower than the average voltage of the fuel cell stack by 60-200 mv, outputting the detection result of replacing the anode bipolar plate of the single cell, otherwise, outputting the good detection result of the anode bipolar plate of the single cell.
Preferably, after the detection of the fuel cell stack is completed, the method comprises the following steps:
setting a second temperature of cooling water, a first temperature of air and a first temperature of hydrogen, loading current to the fuel cell stack, and continuously operating the fuel cell stack at 30A for 5 min;
and respectively purging the cathode and the anode of the fuel cell stack.
Preferably, the method for purging the cathode of the fuel cell stack comprises the following steps:
setting the stoichiometric ratio of air to be 5-20 and the stoichiometric ratio of hydrogen to be 1.0-1.8;
and loading current to the fuel cell stack, and continuously operating the fuel cell stack at 30A for 8-20 min.
Preferably, the method for purging the anode of the fuel cell stack comprises the following steps:
setting the stoichiometric ratio of air to be 1.2-2.2 and the stoichiometric ratio of hydrogen to be 3-8;
and loading current to the fuel cell stack, and continuously operating the fuel cell stack at 30A for 1-5 min.
Preferably, before the current is loaded to the fuel cell stack for the first time, the current is loaded from 0A to 10A, and the fuel cell stack is continuously operated at 10A for 20 s.
Preferably, the first temperature of the cooling water is 70 ℃, and the second temperature of the cooling water is 60 ℃; the first temperature of the air is 61 ℃, the second temperature of the air is 70 ℃, the third temperature of the air is 40-60 ℃, the first dew point temperature of the air is 70 ℃, the first relative humidity of the air is 0-40%, and the second relative humidity of the air is 60-100%; the first temperature of the hydrogen is 61 ℃, the second temperature of the hydrogen is 70 ℃, the third temperature of the hydrogen is 40-60 ℃, the first dew point temperature of the hydrogen is 70 ℃, and the first relative humidity of the hydrogen is 60-100%.
In order to solve the same technical problem, the present invention also provides an apparatus for activating a fuel cell stack, which is suitable for the above method for activating a fuel cell stack, and the apparatus comprises:
a display screen;
the cooling liquid supply mechanism is used for providing circulating cooling water for the fuel cell stack;
a gas supply mechanism for supplying air and hydrogen to the fuel cell stack;
the detection mechanism is used for detecting the output power of the fuel cell stack, the average voltage of the fuel cell stack and the voltage of each single cell;
the first control end of the controller is electrically connected with the input end of the cooling liquid supply mechanism, the second control end of the controller is electrically connected with the input end of the gas supply mechanism, the first input end of the controller is electrically connected with the output end of the detection mechanism, and the first output end of the controller is electrically connected with the input end of the display screen.
The invention provides a method and a device for activating a fuel cell stack, which are characterized in that the temperature of the fuel cell stack is improved by continuously operating the fuel cell stack under 300A for 5min under a set certain environment, the temperature of the fuel cell stack is ensured to reach the temperature when the fuel cell stack normally works, then the fuel cell stack is continuously operated under 300A for 90s under another set environment, then the fuel cell stack is stopped and is continuously operated for 30s to activate the activity of a catalyst in the fuel cell stack, finally the fuel cell stack is continuously operated under 300A for 90s under another set environment, then the fuel cell stack is stopped and is continuously operated for 30s to ensure that a diffusion layer in the fuel cell stack has good air permeability and water drainage, the activity of the catalyst is further activated, and the fuel cell stack can quickly reach the state of the optimal performance, the method realizes the quick activation of the fuel cell stack, further shortens the activation time, improves the activation efficiency, and reduces the cost for activating the fuel cell stack. In addition, by the method for activating the fuel cell stack, the fuel cell stack is processed, so that the storage performance of the fuel cell stack can be improved, and the problem that the fuel cell stack is easily damaged in a low-temperature environment is effectively solved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic flow diagram of a method of activating a fuel cell stack in an embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic flow chart of detecting MEA in a fuel cell stack in an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic flow diagram of testing a cathode bipolar plate of a fuel cell stack in an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic flow chart of testing an anode bipolar plate of a fuel cell stack in an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 5 is a schematic structural view of an apparatus for activating a fuel cell stack in an embodiment of the present invention.
Wherein, 1, a display screen; 2. a coolant supply mechanism; 3. a gas supply mechanism; 4. a detection mechanism; 5. A controller; 6. a fuel cell stack.
Detailed Description
The following detailed description of embodiments of the present invention is provided in connection with the accompanying drawings and examples. The following examples are intended to illustrate the invention but are not intended to limit the scope of the invention.
As shown in fig. 1, the method of activating a fuel cell stack according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention includes the steps of:
s1, introducing cooling water, hydrogen and air into the fuel cell stack, and setting a first temperature of the cooling water, a first temperature of the air, a first temperature of the hydrogen, a first dew point temperature of the air and a first dew point temperature of the hydrogen;
s2, loading current to the fuel cell stack, continuously operating the fuel cell stack at 300A for 5min, and then reducing the current to 0A;
s3, setting a second temperature of the air, a second temperature of the hydrogen, a first relative humidity of the air and a first relative humidity of the hydrogen;
s4, loading current to the fuel cell stack, continuously operating the fuel cell stack at 300A for 90S, and then stopping the operation of the fuel cell stack for 30S;
s5, detecting the output power or the average voltage of the fuel cell stack, if the output power or the average voltage does not rise any more, carrying out the next step, otherwise, repeating the previous step until the output power does not rise any more, or the average voltage does not rise any more, or the number of times of repeating the previous step is more than or equal to 10, carrying out the next step;
s6, setting a second relative humidity of the air;
s7, loading current to the fuel cell stack, continuously operating the fuel cell stack at 300A for 90S, and then stopping the operation of the fuel cell stack for 30S;
s8, detecting the output power or average voltage of the fuel cell stack; if the output power is lower than the preset power or the average voltage is lower than the preset voltage, repeating the previous step, otherwise, completing the activation of the fuel cell stack.
Specifically, in step S1, circulating cooling water is introduced into the fuel cell stack, hydrogen is introduced into the anode of the fuel cell stack, and air is introduced into the cathode of the fuel cell stack; then, loading the current from 0A to 10A, and continuously operating the fuel cell stack at 10A for 20s to ensure the connection correctness of the fuel cell stack so as to ensure the normal operation of the fuel cell stack; then setting a first temperature of cooling water, a first temperature of air, a first temperature of hydrogen, a first dew point temperature of air and a first dew point temperature of hydrogen, wherein the first temperature of the cooling water is 70 ℃, the first temperature of the air is 61 ℃, the first temperature of the hydrogen is 61 ℃, the first dew point temperature of the air is 70 ℃ and the first dew point temperature of the hydrogen is 70 ℃.
In step S2, a current is applied to the fuel cell stack, and the current is applied from 10A to 300A at a rate of 5A/S, the fuel cell stack is continuously operated at 300A for 5min, and then the current is decreased to 0A to increase the temperature of the fuel cell stack, so as to ensure that the temperature of the fuel cell stack reaches the temperature when the fuel cell stack normally operates, and further ensure the normal operation of the fuel cell stack.
In step S3, a second temperature of air, a second temperature of hydrogen, a first relative humidity of air, and a first relative humidity of hydrogen are set, where the second temperature of air is 70 ℃, the second temperature of hydrogen is 70 ℃, the first relative humidity of air is 0% to 40%, and the first relative humidity of hydrogen is 60% to 100%.
In step S4, a current is applied to the fuel cell stack, and the current is applied from 0A to 300A at a rate of 5A/S, the fuel cell stack is continuously operated at 300A for 90S, and then the fuel cell stack is stopped and is continuously operated for 30S to activate the activity of the catalyst in the fuel cell stack while removing impurities on the surface of the catalyst, thereby primarily activating the fuel cell stack.
In step S5, the output power or average voltage of the fuel cell stack is detected to detect the performance of the fuel cell stack at that time, thereby determining the condition of the performance of the fuel cell stack after preliminary activation. And if the output power or the average voltage does not rise any more, performing the next step, otherwise, repeating the step S4 until the output power does not rise any more, or the average voltage does not rise any more, or the step S4 is repeated for more than or equal to 10 times, and then entering the step S6. In this embodiment, it should be noted that, the output power or the average voltage of the fuel cell stack is not increased any more when the step S4 is repeated for less than ten times, and the output power or the average voltage of the individual fuel cell stack is still increased after the step S4 is repeated for ten times, but at this time, since the number of times of repeating the step S4 is greater than or equal to 10 times, the fuel cell stack already meets the requirement of entering the step S6, so that the activation time is further shortened and the activation efficiency is improved while the activation quality of the fuel cell stack is ensured.
In step S6, a second relative humidity of the air is set, wherein the second relative humidity of the air is 60% -100%.
In step S7, a current is applied to the fuel cell stack from 0A to 300A at a rate of 5A/S, the fuel cell stack is continuously operated at 300A for 90S, and then the fuel cell stack is stopped and is continuously operated for 30S to ensure that the diffusion layer in the fuel cell stack has good air permeability and water drainage, thereby further activating the activity of the catalyst.
In step S8, the output power or average voltage of the fuel cell stack is detected to detect the performance of the fuel cell stack at that time, thereby determining the condition of the performance of the activated fuel cell stack. If the output power is lower than a preset power or the average voltage is lower than a preset voltage, repeating the step S7 until the output power is equal to or higher than the preset power or the average voltage is equal to or higher than the preset voltage; otherwise, the activation of the fuel cell stack is completed, and at this time, the fuel cell stack reaches the state with the best performance.
In the embodiment of the present invention, it should be noted that the preset power is an output power of the fuel cell stack in a state of optimal performance; the preset voltage is an average voltage of the fuel cell stack when the fuel cell stack is in a state of optimum performance.
As shown in fig. 2, in order to detect each component of the fuel cell stack while activating the fuel cell stack, so as to evaluate the superiority of each component, and to perform maintenance on a defective fuel cell stack, in this embodiment, after the activation of the fuel cell stack is completed, a Membrane Electrode Assembly (MEA) of the fuel cell stack is detected, which includes the steps of:
s11, setting a third temperature of air and a third temperature of hydrogen, wherein the stoichiometric ratio of air is 1.4-2.4, and the stoichiometric ratio of hydrogen is 1.2-2.0;
specifically, the third temperature of the air is 40-60 ℃, and the third temperature of the hydrogen is 40-60 ℃;
s12, loading current to the fuel cell stack, and continuously operating the fuel cell stack for 1-5 min under 300A;
and S13, detecting the voltage of each single cell and the average voltage of the fuel cell stack, if the voltage of the single cell is lower than the average voltage of the fuel cell stack by 20-120 mv, outputting the detection result of the MEA of the single cell to be replaced, otherwise, outputting the good detection result of the MEA of the single cell.
As shown in fig. 3, after the activation of the fuel cell stack is completed, the cathode bipolar plate of the fuel cell stack is tested, including the steps of:
s21, setting a third temperature of air and a third temperature of hydrogen, wherein the stoichiometric ratio of air is 1.2-2.2, and the stoichiometric ratio of hydrogen is 1.0-2.0;
specifically, the third temperature of the air is 40-60 ℃, and the third temperature of the hydrogen is 40-60 ℃;
s22, loading current to the fuel cell stack, and continuously operating the fuel cell stack for 1-5 min under 300A;
and S23, detecting the voltage of each single cell and the average voltage of the fuel cell stack, if the voltage of the single cell is lower than the average voltage of the fuel cell stack by 60-200 mv, outputting the detection result of replacing the cathode bipolar plate of the single cell, otherwise, outputting the good detection result of the cathode bipolar plate of the single cell.
As shown in fig. 4, after the activation of the fuel cell stack is completed, the anode bipolar plate of the fuel cell stack is tested, including the steps of:
s31, setting a third temperature of air and a third temperature of hydrogen, wherein the stoichiometric ratio of air is 1.4-2.4, and the stoichiometric ratio of hydrogen is 1.0-1.8;
specifically, the third temperature of the air is 40 ℃ to 60 ℃, and the third temperature of the hydrogen is 40 ℃ to 60 ℃.
S32, loading current to the fuel cell stack, and continuously operating the fuel cell stack for 1-5 min under 300A;
and S33, detecting the voltage of each single cell and the average voltage of the fuel cell stack, if the voltage of the single cell is lower than the average voltage of the fuel cell stack by 60-200 mv, outputting the detection result of replacing the anode bipolar plate of the single cell, otherwise, outputting the good detection result of the anode bipolar plate of the single cell.
In the embodiment of the invention, after the activation of the fuel cell stack is realized, the MEA, the cathode bipolar plate and the anode bipolar plate of each unit cell of the fuel cell stack are respectively detected to evaluate the excellence of the MEA, the cathode bipolar plate and the anode bipolar plate in each unit cell, and the poor fuel cell stack can be correspondingly maintained according to the detection result, so that the problems that the excellence of the fuel cell stack cannot be judged and the maintenance scheme of the fuel cell stack cannot be determined in the activation stage of the fuel cell stack are solved, and the reliability and the safety of the activated fuel cell stack are ensured.
In the embodiment of the present invention, after the detection of the MEA, the anode bipolar plate, and the cathode bipolar plate of the fuel cell stack is completed, the fuel cell stack needs to be processed, which includes the steps of:
setting a second temperature of cooling water, a first temperature of air and a first temperature of hydrogen, wherein the second temperature of the cooling water is 60 ℃, the first temperature of the air is 61 ℃, and the first temperature of the hydrogen is 61 ℃; loading current to the fuel cell stack, and continuously operating the fuel cell stack at 30A for 5 min;
and respectively purging the cathode and the anode of the fuel cell stack. Specifically, the cathodes of the fuel cell stack are purged: setting the stoichiometric ratio of air to be 5-20 and the stoichiometric ratio of hydrogen to be 1.0-1.8; and loading current to the fuel cell stack, and continuously operating the fuel cell stack at 30A for 8-20 min.
Purging the anode of the fuel cell stack: setting the stoichiometric ratio of air to be 1.2-2.2 and the stoichiometric ratio of hydrogen to be 3-8; and loading current to the fuel cell stack, and continuously operating the fuel cell stack at 30A for 1-5 min. The fuel cell stack is purged to discharge redundant water generated in the fuel cell stack, so that the blockage of a water vapor channel of the fuel cell stack can be avoided, and the normal work of the fuel cell stack is ensured.
As shown in fig. 5, in order to solve the same technical problem, the present invention further provides an apparatus for activating a fuel cell stack, which is suitable for the above method for activating a fuel cell stack, and the method comprises:
a display screen 1;
a coolant supply mechanism 2 for supplying circulating cooling water to the fuel cell stack 6;
a gas supply mechanism 3 for supplying air and hydrogen to the fuel cell stack 6;
a detection mechanism 4 for detecting the output power of the fuel cell stack, the average voltage of the fuel cell stack, and the voltage of each unit cell;
a controller 5, a first control end of the controller 5 is electrically connected with an input end of the cooling liquid supply mechanism 2, a second control end of the controller 5 is electrically connected with an input end of the gas supply mechanism 3, a first input end of the controller 5 is electrically connected with an output end of the detection mechanism 4, and a first output end of the controller 5 is electrically connected with an input end of the display screen 1
In the embodiment of the present invention, it should be noted that the controller 5 controls the cooling liquid supply mechanism 2 to supply circulating cooling water to the fuel cell stack 6, and controls the temperature of the cooling water. The controller 5 controls the gas supply mechanism 3 to supply air and hydrogen gas to the fuel cell stack 6, and controls the temperature of the air, the dew-point temperature of the air, the relative humidity of the air, the temperature of the hydrogen gas, the dew-point temperature of the hydrogen gas, and the relative humidity of the hydrogen gas. The output power of the fuel cell stack, the average voltage of the fuel cell stack and the voltage of each single cell are detected by the detection mechanism 4, and the detected output power of the fuel cell stack, the average voltage of the fuel cell stack and the voltage of each single cell are fed back to the controller 5 and displayed by the display screen 6.
In the embodiment of the invention, the device for activating the fuel cell stack activates the fuel cell stack by the following specific steps:
a fuel cell stack 6 is connected to the coolant supply mechanism 2, the gas supply mechanism 3, and the detection mechanism 4, respectively;
the power supply of the device for activating the fuel cell stack is switched on, and the gas supply mechanism 3 and the cooling liquid supply mechanism 2 are started to introduce cooling water, hydrogen and air into the fuel cell stack 6; the device for controlling the activation of the fuel cell stack loads current to the fuel cell stack 6, the current is loaded from 0A to 10A, and the fuel cell stack 6 continuously runs for 20s at 10A; detecting the operation condition of each single cell of the fuel cell stack 6 through the detection mechanism 4 so as to ensure the connection correctness of the fuel cell stack 6; setting the temperature of cooling water to be 70 ℃, the temperature of air to be 61 ℃, the temperature of hydrogen to be 61 ℃, the dew-point temperature of air to be 70 ℃ and the dew-point temperature of hydrogen to be 70 ℃, controlling the device for activating the fuel cell stack to load current to the fuel cell stack 6 at the loading rate of 5A/s, loading the current to 300A from 10A, continuously operating the fuel cell stack 6 for 5min at 300A, and then reducing the current to 0A;
setting the temperature of air to be 70 ℃, the temperature of hydrogen to be 70 ℃, the relative humidity of air to be 0-40% and the relative humidity of hydrogen to be 60-100%, controlling the device for activating the fuel cell stack to load current to the fuel cell stack 6 at a loading rate of 5A/s, loading the current from 0A to 300A, continuously operating the fuel cell stack 6 for 90s at 300A, then switching the current to 0A, stopping the operation of the fuel cell stack 6, and continuing for 30 s; the output power or the average voltage of the fuel cell stack 6 at the moment is detected by the detection mechanism 4, the detected output power or the detected average voltage of the fuel cell stack 6 is fed back to the controller 5, and the output power value or the average voltage value of the fuel cell stack is displayed by the display screen 1; if the output power or the average voltage does not rise any more, the next step is carried out, otherwise, the processes are repeated: and (3) loading the current to the fuel cell stack 6 again, loading the current from 0A to 300A, continuously operating the fuel cell stack 6 for 90s under 300A, then reducing the current to 0A, stopping the operation of the fuel cell stack 6 for 30s, and carrying out the next step until the output power does not rise any more, or the average voltage does not rise any more, or the number of times of repeating the processes is more than or equal to 10.
Setting the relative humidity of air to be 60-100%, controlling the device for activating the fuel cell stack to load current to the fuel cell stack 6 at a loading rate of 5A/s, enabling the current to be loaded from 0A to 300A, enabling the fuel cell stack 6 to continuously operate for 90s at 300A, then reducing the current to 0A, and enabling the fuel cell stack 6 to stop operating for 30 s; the output power or the average voltage of the fuel cell stack 6 at the moment is detected by the detection mechanism 4, the detected output power or the detected average voltage of the fuel cell stack 6 is fed back to the controller 5, and the output power value or the average voltage value of the fuel cell stack is displayed by the display screen 1; if the detected output power is lower than the preset power, or the average voltage is lower than the preset voltage, the controller 5 controls the device for activating the fuel cell stack to load the current to the fuel cell stack 6 again at a loading rate of 5A/s, and continuously operate the fuel cell stack 6 at 300A for 90s, and then reduce the current to 0A, and stop operating the fuel cell stack 6 for 30s until the output power is equal to or higher than the preset power, or the average voltage is equal to or higher than the preset voltage; if the detected output power is equal to or higher than a preset power, or the average voltage is equal to or higher than a preset voltage, the activation of the fuel cell stack 6 is completed;
after the activation of the fuel cell stack 6 is completed, the MEA of the fuel cell stack 6 is detected: setting the temperature of air to be 40-60 ℃, the temperature of hydrogen to be 40-60 ℃, the stoichiometric ratio of air to be 1.4-2.4 and the stoichiometric ratio of hydrogen to be 1.2-2.0, controlling the device for activating the fuel cell stack to load current to the fuel cell stack 6, and continuously operating the fuel cell stack 6 for 1-5 min under 300A; the voltage of each single cell and the average voltage of the fuel cell stack are detected by the detection mechanism 4, the detected voltage of each single cell and the average voltage of the fuel cell stack are fed back to the controller 5, and then the voltage value of each single cell and the average voltage value of the fuel cell stack are displayed by the display screen 1; and finally, judging whether the MEA of the single cell needs to be replaced according to the voltage value of each single cell and the average voltage value of the fuel cell stack: if the voltage of the single cell is lower than the average voltage of the fuel cell stack by 20 mv-120 mv, the MEA of the single cell needs to be replaced, otherwise, the MEA of the single cell is good and does not need to be replaced;
testing of the cathode bipolar plate of a fuel cell stack: setting the temperature of air to be 40-60 ℃, the temperature of hydrogen to be 40-60 ℃, the stoichiometric ratio of air to be 1.2-2.2 and the stoichiometric ratio of hydrogen to be 1.0-2.0, controlling the device for activating the fuel cell stack to load current to the fuel cell stack 6, and continuously operating the fuel cell stack 6 for 1-5 min under 300A; the voltage of each single cell and the average voltage of the fuel cell stack are detected by the detection mechanism 4, the detected voltage of each single cell and the average voltage of the fuel cell stack are fed back to the controller 5, and then the voltage value of each single cell and the average voltage value of the fuel cell stack are displayed by the display screen 1; and finally, judging whether the cathode bipolar plate of the monocell needs to be replaced according to the voltage value of each monocell and the average voltage value of the fuel cell stack: if the voltage of the single cell is lower than the average voltage of the fuel cell stack by 60-200 mv, the cathode bipolar plate of the single cell needs to be replaced, otherwise, the cathode bipolar plate of the single cell is good and does not need to be replaced;
testing of anode bipolar plates of a fuel cell stack: setting the temperature of air to be 40-60 ℃, the temperature of hydrogen to be 40-60 ℃, the stoichiometric ratio of air to be 1.4-2.4 and the stoichiometric ratio of hydrogen to be 1.0-1.8, controlling the device for activating the fuel cell stack to load current to the fuel cell stack 6, and continuously operating the fuel cell stack 6 for 1-5 min under 300A; the voltage of each single cell and the average voltage of the fuel cell stack are detected by the detection mechanism 4, the detected voltage of each single cell and the average voltage of the fuel cell stack are fed back to the controller 5, and then the voltage value of each single cell and the average voltage value of the fuel cell stack are displayed by the display screen 1; and finally, judging whether the anode bipolar plate of the monocell needs to be replaced according to the voltage value of each monocell and the average voltage value of the fuel cell stack: if the voltage of the single cell is lower than the average voltage of the fuel cell stack by 60-200 mv, the anode bipolar plate of the single cell needs to be replaced, otherwise, the anode bipolar plate of the single cell is good and does not need to be replaced;
setting the temperature of cooling water to be 60 ℃, the temperature of air to be 61 ℃ and the temperature of hydrogen to be 61 ℃, controlling the device for activating the fuel cell stack to load current to the fuel cell stack 6, and continuously operating the fuel cell stack 6 for 5min under 30A;
purging the cathode of the fuel cell stack: setting the stoichiometric ratio of air to be 5-20 and the stoichiometric ratio of hydrogen to be 1.0-1.8, and continuously operating the fuel cell stack 6 at 30A for 8-20 min;
purging the anode of the fuel cell stack: setting the stoichiometric ratio of air to be 1.2-2.2 and the stoichiometric ratio of hydrogen to be 3-8, and continuously operating the fuel cell stack at 30A for 1-5 min.
In summary, the present invention provides a method and an apparatus for activating a fuel cell stack, wherein the fuel cell stack is continuously operated at 300A for 5min under a certain set environment to increase the temperature of the fuel cell stack, so as to ensure that the temperature of the fuel cell stack reaches the temperature of the fuel cell stack when the fuel cell stack normally operates, then the fuel cell stack is continuously operated at 300A for 90s under another set environment, then the fuel cell stack is stopped and is continuously operated for 30s, so as to activate the activity of a catalyst in the fuel cell stack, finally the fuel cell stack is continuously operated at 300A for 90s under another set environment, then the fuel cell stack is stopped and is continuously operated for 30s, so as to ensure that a diffusion layer in the fuel cell stack has good air permeability and water drainage, so as to further activate the activity of the catalyst, so that the fuel cell stack can rapidly reach the state of optimal performance, the method realizes the quick activation of the fuel cell stack, further shortens the activation time, improves the activation efficiency, and reduces the cost for activating the fuel cell stack. In addition, by the method for activating the fuel cell stack, the fuel cell stack is processed, so that the storage performance of the fuel cell stack can be improved, and the problem that the fuel cell stack is easily damaged in a low-temperature environment is effectively solved.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and it should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, various modifications and substitutions can be made without departing from the technical principle of the present invention, and these modifications and substitutions should also be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A method of activating a fuel cell stack, comprising the steps of:
introducing cooling water, hydrogen and air into the fuel cell stack, and setting a first temperature of the cooling water, a first temperature of the air, a first temperature of the hydrogen, a first dew point temperature of the air and a first dew point temperature of the hydrogen;
loading current to the fuel cell stack, continuously operating the fuel cell stack at 300A for 5min, and then reducing the current to 0A;
setting a second temperature of air, a second temperature of hydrogen, a first relative humidity of air and a first relative humidity of hydrogen;
loading current to the fuel cell stack, continuously operating the fuel cell stack at 300A for 90s, and then stopping the operation of the fuel cell stack for 30 s;
detecting the output power or the average voltage of the fuel cell stack, if the output power or the average voltage does not rise any more, carrying out the next step, otherwise, repeating the previous step until the output power does not rise any more, or the average voltage does not rise any more, or the number of times of repeating the previous step is more than or equal to 10, and carrying out the next step;
setting a second relative humidity of the air;
loading current to the fuel cell stack, continuously operating the fuel cell stack at 300A for 90s, and then stopping the operation of the fuel cell stack for 30 s;
detecting the output power or the average voltage of the fuel cell stack, if the output power is lower than the preset power or the average voltage is lower than the preset voltage, repeating the previous step, and otherwise, completing the activation of the fuel cell stack.
2. The method of activating a fuel cell stack according to claim 1, wherein detecting the MEA of the fuel cell stack after completion of activation of the fuel cell stack, comprises the steps of:
setting a third temperature of air and a third temperature of hydrogen, wherein the stoichiometric ratio of air is 1.4-2.4, and the stoichiometric ratio of hydrogen is 1.2-2.0;
loading current to the fuel cell stack, and continuously operating the fuel cell stack at 300A for 1-5 min;
detecting the voltage of each single cell and the average voltage of the fuel cell stack, if the voltage of the single cell is lower than the average voltage of the fuel cell stack by 20 mv-120 mv, outputting the detection result of replacing the MEA of the single cell, otherwise, outputting the good detection result of the MEA of the single cell.
3. The method of activating a fuel cell stack according to claim 1, wherein the cathode bipolar plate of the fuel cell stack is detected after the activation of the fuel cell stack is completed, comprising the steps of:
setting a third temperature of air and a third temperature of hydrogen, wherein the stoichiometric ratio of air is 1.2-2.2, and the stoichiometric ratio of hydrogen is 1.0-2.0;
loading current to the fuel cell stack, and continuously operating the fuel cell stack at 300A for 1-5 min;
detecting the voltage of each single cell and the average voltage of the fuel cell stack, if the voltage of the single cell is lower than the average voltage of the fuel cell stack by 60-200 mv, outputting the detection result of replacing the cathode bipolar plate of the single cell, otherwise, outputting the good detection result of the cathode bipolar plate of the single cell.
4. The method of activating a fuel cell stack according to claim 1, wherein the anode bipolar plate of the fuel cell stack is detected after the activation of the fuel cell stack is completed, comprising the steps of:
setting the third temperature of air and the third temperature of hydrogen, wherein the stoichiometric ratio of air is 1.4-2.4, and the stoichiometric ratio of hydrogen is 1.0-1.8;
loading current to the fuel cell stack, and continuously operating the fuel cell stack at 300A for 1-5 min;
detecting the voltage of each single cell and the average voltage of the fuel cell stack, if the voltage of the single cell is lower than the average voltage of the fuel cell stack by 60-200 mv, outputting the detection result of replacing the anode bipolar plate of the single cell, otherwise, outputting the good detection result of the anode bipolar plate of the single cell.
5. The method of activating a fuel cell stack according to any one of claims 2 to 4, comprising, after completion of the testing of the fuel cell stack, the steps of:
setting a second temperature of cooling water, a first temperature of air and a first temperature of hydrogen, loading current to the fuel cell stack, and continuously operating the fuel cell stack at 30A for 5 min;
and respectively purging the cathode and the anode of the fuel cell stack.
6. The method of activating a fuel cell stack according to claim 5, wherein purging the cathode of the fuel cell stack comprises the steps of:
setting the stoichiometric ratio of air to be 5-20 and the stoichiometric ratio of hydrogen to be 1.0-1.8;
and loading current to the fuel cell stack, and continuously operating the fuel cell stack at 30A for 8-20 min.
7. The method of activating a fuel cell stack according to claim 5, wherein purging the anode of the fuel cell stack comprises the steps of:
setting the stoichiometric ratio of air to be 1.2-2.2 and the stoichiometric ratio of hydrogen to be 3-8;
and loading current to the fuel cell stack, and continuously operating the fuel cell stack at 30A for 1-5 min.
8. The method of activating a fuel cell stack according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the current is applied from 0A to 10A before the first application of the current to the fuel cell stack, and the fuel cell stack is continuously operated at 10A for 20 s.
9. The method of activating a fuel cell stack according to claim 5, wherein the first temperature of the cooling water is 70 ℃ and the second temperature of the cooling water is 60 ℃; the first temperature of the air is 61 ℃, the second temperature of the air is 70 ℃, the third temperature of the air is 40-60 ℃, the first dew point temperature of the air is 70 ℃, the first relative humidity of the air is 0-40%, and the second relative humidity of the air is 60-100%; the first temperature of the hydrogen is 61 ℃, the second temperature of the hydrogen is 70 ℃, the third temperature of the hydrogen is 40-60 ℃, the first dew point temperature of the hydrogen is 70 ℃, and the first relative humidity of the hydrogen is 60-100%.
10. An apparatus for activating a fuel cell stack, suitable for use in a method for activating a fuel cell stack according to any one of claims 1 to 9, comprising:
a display screen;
the cooling liquid supply mechanism is used for providing circulating cooling water for the fuel cell stack;
a gas supply mechanism for supplying air and hydrogen to the fuel cell stack;
the detection mechanism is used for detecting the output power of the fuel cell stack, the average voltage of the fuel cell stack and the voltage of each single cell;
the first control end of the controller is electrically connected with the input end of the cooling liquid supply mechanism, the second control end of the controller is electrically connected with the input end of the gas supply mechanism, the first input end of the controller is electrically connected with the output end of the detection mechanism, and the first output end of the controller is electrically connected with the input end of the display screen.
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| CN109950593A (en) * | 2019-04-04 | 2019-06-28 | 武汉雄韬氢雄燃料电池科技有限公司 | A kind of fuel cell pack and preparation method thereof based on modularized design |
| CN110571446B (en) * | 2019-09-02 | 2021-03-16 | 武汉中极氢能产业创新中心有限公司 | Method for activating fuel cell and preventing/improving dry film |
| CN110911716B (en) * | 2019-11-25 | 2023-01-13 | 浙江锋源氢能科技有限公司 | Constant-voltage activation method of fuel cell stack |
| CN110957510B (en) * | 2019-12-06 | 2021-08-31 | 中国第一汽车股份有限公司 | Method for testing startup and shutdown of fuel cell stack rack |
| CN110993990A (en) * | 2019-12-31 | 2020-04-10 | 上海神力科技有限公司 | Control method for fuel cell stack activation |
| CN111740132B (en) * | 2020-05-19 | 2021-06-18 | 广东国鸿氢能科技有限公司 | Low-temperature starting method of fuel cell stack |
| CN111740134B (en) * | 2020-05-19 | 2021-06-18 | 广东国鸿氢能科技有限公司 | Method for activating electric pile of fuel cell |
| CN111916800B (en) * | 2020-07-28 | 2021-07-09 | 上海神力科技有限公司 | Activation method and application of fuel cell membrane electrode |
| CN114597450A (en) * | 2022-03-09 | 2022-06-07 | 大同氢雄云鼎氢能科技有限公司 | Rapid activation method of fuel cell system |
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| CN101752582A (en) * | 2010-01-04 | 2010-06-23 | 新源动力股份有限公司 | Method for activating fuel cell stack rapidly |
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