A kind of anode material for lithium-ion batteries and preparation method thereof
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of anode material for lithium-ion batteries and preparation method thereof, more particularly to one kind to have three-dimensional continuous
The preparation method of three-dimensional conductive network structure lithium iron phosphate positive electrode.
Background technology
Anode material for lithium-ion batteries LiFePO4And have a safety feature, cheap, higher specific capacity and charge and discharge
Voltage platform is stable, the advantages that having extended cycle life.But due to LiFePO4Itself poor electronic conductivity and ionic conductivity make
Its high rate capability is poor, and causes lower actual specific capacity (for 100mAh/g or so when actual specific capacity 1C, and theoretical specific volume
Amount be 170mAh/g) and lower operating voltage (be 3.0V when actual discharge voltage 1C hereinafter, and theoretical discharge voltage is
3.4V), and during high current charge-discharge capacity can decline rapidly, to limit being widely used for it.Current is wide
General research is to carry out surface cladding to it and the methods of bulk phase-doped improve its conductivity and ion diffusion rates.
The country is countless for patent of the graphene in terms of lithium ion battery, and the patent in terms of LiFePO4 is also very
It is more, it is much better than organic carbon with graphene coated modified phosphate iron lithium electric conductivity;And on the basis of graphene to graphene into
Row modification, patent (CN102569725A, CN107068990A, CN107180965A etc.) to graphene be fluorinated,
The methods of porous, N doping cladding improves LiFePO4, improves the uniformity of graphene coated, improves the compatibility with electrolyte
And structural stability;And patent CN105226276A, CN106129405A, CN104134801A are by nano-metal particle, gold
Belong to the collaboration common coating-doping modified phosphate iron lithium of graphene such as oxide, nitride, the intervention of nano-particle further strengthens
The electric conductivity and graphene dispersion of LiFePO4.The above method is substantially all to use water based on source of iron, phosphorus source, lithium source
Hot method, ball-milling method, the method for dissolving prepare LiFePO4 and form three-dimensional conductive network knot in its surface coated graphite alkene composite material
Structure enhances its electric conductivity, improves the electrochemistry such as specific capacity, high rate performance, the cyclical stability of LiFePO4 to a certain extent
Performance.
The conversion ratio that the ferric ion from source of iron is all not involved in all invention at present considers, thus the present invention from
This angle is set out, and obtains active catalytic nano-particle graphene using induction anchor titration first, then urged with new type high temperature solid phase
It is combined to method, graphene/LiFePO of the three-dimensional continuous stereo conductive network structure of catalysis reaction synthesis in high-temperature atmosphere furnace4Just
Pole material, material crystalline is preferable, and processing performance is stablized excellent with batch.
Explanation of nouns:
The graphene of functionalization:Finger introduces corresponding functional group or small point on the surface of graphene as needed
Son contributes to graphene as the performance of reinforcement excellent performance, and principle is exactly using covalently with non-covalent method to stone
The defect or group on black alkene surface are modified, and the certain new properties of graphene are assigned, improve graphene dissolubility, dispersibility with
And keep its easier to process and molding important method.
Invention content
The present invention is precisely in order to overcome anode material for lithium-ion batteries LiFePO4Specific discharge capacity, high rate capability, follow
Ring performance and the defects of irreversible capacity is higher and processing performance is poor, provides with three-dimensional continuous stereo conductive network structure
The preparation method of lithium iron phosphate positive material is replaced with the lithium iron phosphate positive material of three-dimensional continuous stereo conductive network structure
Only rely on conductive agent at present to improve the limitation of electric conductivity, to improve lithium iron phosphate positive material electron conduction and from
Subconductivity rate, to reach the specific discharge capacity and high-rate charge-discharge capability and cyclicity that improve lithium iron phosphate positive material
Can, its irreversible capacity is reduced, lithium iron phosphate positive material has high specific capacity, excellent cyclicity made from the method
The characteristics such as energy, high rate performance and security performance, be especially suitable in the positive electrode of lithium-ion-power cell.
To achieve the above object, shown in technical scheme is as follows:
A kind of preparation method of anode material for lithium-ion batteries, includes the following steps:
Step 1: in the graphene to decentralized medium of dissolving functionalization, suspending liquid A is formed;
Step 2: the solution of active catalytic nano-particle is mixed with solution A, make the orientation anchoring of active catalytic nano-particle
In the unsaturated sites and defect of graphene, active catalytic nano-particle is nano metal ion or nano metal ion complexation
Object;Then reducing agent is added so that active catalytic nano-particle is reduced in the unsaturated sites of graphene and defective locations
At metallic atom, solution B is formed;
Step 3: solution B is mixed with ferric phosphate, lithium source with one-dimensional nano line, is dried, it is sintered under protective gas atmosphere
High temperature solid-state catalysis reaction is carried out, is then cooled to room temperature, that is, obtains final product graphene/iron lithium phosphate compound anode material
Material.
It is further to improve, in the step 1, decentralized medium be methanol, ethyl alcohol, acetone, benzene, toluene, water, organic acid,
One or more of organic ester.
Further to improve, in the step 1, graphene is added in decentralized medium, then 1~3h of ultrasonic disperse, shape
At the suspending liquid A of stable dispersion.
Further to improve, in the step 2, active catalytic nano-particle is Pt (NH3)2+, Rh (NH3)5Cl2+)、
AuCl4 1-、[PbCl4]2-、[Co(NH3)4]2+、[Ni(NH3)4]2+[Ag(NH3)2]+、Rb6(CO)6、Ru3(CO)l2、PbSe、
CoC2O4One or more of.
It is further to improve, in the step 2, diameter grain ranging from 5~10nm of active catalytic nano-particle.
Further to improve, in the step 2, reducing agent is one in sodium borohydride, hydrazine hydrate, glucose, citric acid
Kind is several.
It is further to improve, in the step 2, lithium source Li2CO3And/or LiOH.
It is further to improve, in the step 2, one-dimensional nano line carbon nanotube and/or cellulose.
Further to improve, in the step 3, the reaction temperature of high temperature solid-state catalysis reaction is 650-850 DEG C of temperature,
Reaction time 6-8h.
Anode material for lithium-ion batteries made from a kind of preparation method of above-mentioned anode material for lithium-ion batteries.
The preparation technology figure of graphene/LiFePO4 of three-dimensional continuous stereo conductive network structure such as attached drawing 1, it is specific real
Apply that steps are as follows:The preparation of active catalytic nano-particle graphene.High load is prepared using a kind of novel induction anchor titration to live
Property catalytic nanoparticles graphene.Graphene is subjected to structure function processing, is formed using galvanoplastic induction graphene surface
The unsaturated sites and defect of a large amount of ordered arrangement, such active catalytic nanoparticle, which can orient, is anchored on graphene-structured
On, and graphene carrier height is made to disperse, then by reducing agent, make active catalytic nano-particle in graphene unsaturated sites and
It is reduced on the position of defect, obtains the active catalytic nano-particle graphene with dual high catalytic action.
In above-mentioned preparation method, it is preferred that the active catalytic nano-particle is nano metal ion or complex compound
Co2+、Ni2+、Pt(NH3)2+, Rh (NH3)5Cl2+)、AuCl4 1-、[PbCl4]2-、[Co(NH3)4]2+、[Ni(NH3)4]2+[Ag
(NH3)2]+、Rb6(CO)6、Ru3(CO)l2、PbSe、CoC2O4One or more of.The size controlling of active catalytic nano-particle
Between 5~10nm.
The present invention has outstanding characteristic below and strategic structural point:
1. the present invention develops a kind of novel induction anchor titration and prepares graphene-supported active catalytic nano-particle, will live
Property catalytic nanoparticles high-sequential dispersion and strong anchoring in graphene-structured, enable active catalytic nano-particle efficiently and directionally
Performance catalytic action.
2. ferric ion is to ferrous ion in graphene-supported active catalytic nano-particle energy efficient catalytic source of iron
Conversion obtains the LiFePO4 of high-purity, and improves synthesis efficiency.Active catalytic nano-particle graphene-supported simultaneously
Become chain carrier site in high-temperature reaction process, can effectively adsorb neighbouring source of iron and lithium source synthesizes phosphoric acid here
Iron lithium, and be entrained in LiFePO4 body construction.The solid of the aobvious huge electric conductivity and lithium ion for improving LiFePO 4 material
Memory space improves the specific capacity and stable circulation performance of material.
3. because the two-sided all supported actives catalytic nanoparticles of graphene with one-dimensional nano line, phosphorus source Fe source compound, lithium
In the mixing in source and reaction process can precisely control form three-dimensional continuous stereo conductive network structure so that lithium iron phosphate particles and
Surface is connected into unified entirety by graphene and one-dimensional nano line, ensure that the homogeneity of product batches.
4. three-dimensional continuous stereo conductive network structure graphite alkene/lithium iron phosphate positive material that the present invention obtains, electrochemistry
The results show that specific discharge capacity is up to about 175mAh/g under 0.1C multiplying powers, specific discharge capacity still has under 20C multiplying powers
130mAh/g or so, big high rate performance is superior, and compared with the lithium iron phosphate positive material on existing market, chemical property has
Show huge raising.
Description of the drawings
The preparation technology figure of graphene/LiFePO4 of Fig. 1 three-dimensional continuous stereo conductive network structures;
Fig. 2 a are the electromicroscopic photograph of the lithium iron phosphate positive material coated by embodiment 1;
The stereoscan photograph for the lithium iron phosphate positive material that Fig. 2 b are coated by embodiment 1;
Fig. 3 is bent by the charge and discharge of 0.1C, 0.5C, 1C, 5C, 10C, 20C of lithium iron phosphate positive material prepared by embodiment 1
Line.
Specific implementation mode
Embodiment 1
A kind of graphene/LiFePO of the three-dimensional continuous stereo conductive network structure of the present invention4Composite positive pole, graphite
Alkene supported active catalytic nanoparticles and one-dimensional nano line modified synergic simultaneously pass through high temperature solid-state catalysis method synthesizing graphite alkene/phosphoric acid
Iron lithium ion battery positive electrode.
As shown in Figure 1, this example is as follows:
(1) graphene by 2.5g Jing Guo functionalization is added in the ethanol solution of 500ml, and 1~3h of ultrasonic disperse makes
It forms the suspending liquid A of stable dispersion;
(2) 11.51g active catalytic nano nickel ionic compounds are dissolved in 250ml deionized waters, mix, makes with solution A
Active catalytic nanoparticle orientation is anchored in the unsaturated sites and defect of graphene, will be active by reducing agent sodium borohydride
Catalytic nanometer ion is reduced into metallic atom in the unsaturated sites of graphene and defective locations, forms solution B;
(3) B solution is uniformly mixed with ferric phosphate 478.61g, lithium carbonate 126.81g with one-dimensional nano line 5g, is being reacted
Constant speed stirring and drying in device is subsequently placed in high temperature sintering furnace under protective gas atmosphere by high temperature solid-state catalysis reaction (temperature
650-850 DEG C of degree, reaction time 6-8h), after being cooled to room temperature, that is, obtain final product graphene/iron lithium phosphate compound anode
Material.Its Electronic Speculum and scanning electron microscopic picture are as shown in Figure 2 a and 2 b.
Wherein B solution is with the mixing of ferric phosphate, lithium carbonate and one-dimensional nano line, furnace drying method in step (3):B is molten
Liquid with phosphorus source Fe source compound, lithium source, one-dimensional nano line by ultrasonic disperse, mix, mixture is transferred in reactor, point
It dissipating and mixing temperature is 100 DEG C~200 DEG C, dispersion is 2~8h with incorporation time, disperses and mixes completely, and becomes powdered,
Be cooled to room temperature, to obtain ferric lithium phosphate precursor powder, then be sintered.
In the present embodiment, the dosage of ferric phosphate, lithium carbonate and one-dimensional nano line is optimum amount, arbitrarily adjusts its dosage,
Also graphene/iron phosphate compound anode material of lithium can be made, only purity and specific discharge capacity are smaller.
Through electro-chemical test, graphene/electric discharge of the LiFePO4 materials under 0.1C, 0.5C, 1C, 5C, 10C, 20C multiplying power
Specific capacity is respectively 168mAh/g, 165mAh/g, 160mAh/g, 145mAh/g, 140mAh/g, 130mAh/g, electric discharge intermediate value electricity
Pressure respectively 3.38V, 3.36V, 3.31V, 3.22V, 3.08V, 2.98V, as shown in Fig. 3.Table 1 is product and text in this example
Present it is preferable with preferably compare currently on the market, gram volume is all improved, and especially in big multiplying power, gram volume carries
It is high relatively aobvious huge.
Table 1 show this patent data compared with the quality of product in market and document:
Embodiment 2
A kind of graphene/LiFePO of the three-dimensional continuous stereo conductive network structure of the present invention4Composite positive pole, activity
Catalytic nanoparticles graphene and one-dimensional nano line modified synergic simultaneously pass through high temperature solid-state catalysis method synthesizing graphite alkene/LiFePO4
Positive electrode.
This example is as follows:
(1) graphene by 2.5g Jing Guo functionalization is added in the ethanol solution of 500ml, and 1~3h of ultrasonic disperse makes
It forms stable suspending liquid A;
(2) 16.56g active catalytic nanometer cobalt ionic compounds are dissolved in 250ml deionized waters, mix, makes with solution A
Active catalytic nanoparticle orientation is anchored in the unsaturated sites and defect of graphene, forms solution B;
(3) B solution is uniformly mixed with ferric phosphate 478.61g, lithium carbonate 126.81g with one-dimensional nano line 5g, will be mixed
Object constant speed stirring and drying in the reactor, it is then solid by high temperature under protective gas atmosphere in being subsequently placed at high temperature sintering furnace
Phase catalytic reaction (650-850 DEG C of temperature, reaction time 6-8h) after being cooled to room temperature, that is, obtains final product graphene/phosphoric acid
Iron lithium composite positive pole.
The description of the above examples is only intended to facilitate the understand of the core idea of the present invention;Meanwhile for the general of this field
Technical staff, according to the thought of the present invention, there will be changes in the specific implementation manner and application range, in conclusion
The content of the present specification should not be construed as limiting the invention.