CN108398320B - Method for measuring tensile stress corrosion of wrought aluminum alloy - Google Patents

Method for measuring tensile stress corrosion of wrought aluminum alloy Download PDF

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CN108398320B
CN108398320B CN201810070047.3A CN201810070047A CN108398320B CN 108398320 B CN108398320 B CN 108398320B CN 201810070047 A CN201810070047 A CN 201810070047A CN 108398320 B CN108398320 B CN 108398320B
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王瑶
宿彦京
乔利杰
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CASIC Defense Technology Research and Test Center
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    • G01NINVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
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Abstract

The invention discloses a method for measuring tensile stress corrosion of wrought aluminum alloy, which comprises the following steps: removing the aluminum-coated layer on the surface of the sample; measuring the stress corrosion sensitivity by using the relative change of the same mechanical parameters of the same sample exposed in a comparison test environment and the same sample exposed in an inert environment; and measuring the threshold stress of the stress corrosion according to a binary search method. The method for measuring the tensile stress corrosion of the wrought aluminum alloy can quantitatively measure the stress corrosion sensitivity of the aluminum alloy.

Description

Method for measuring tensile stress corrosion of wrought aluminum alloy
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of stress corrosion testing, in particular to a method for measuring tensile stress corrosion of wrought aluminum alloy.
Background
At present, the aluminum alloy is a widely used material in the aerospace field, and the stress corrosion of the aluminum alloy sometimes occurs in a spacecraft, so that the aluminum alloy is valued by officials in the aerospace field at home and abroad. The 'method for testing tensile stress corrosion of wrought aluminum alloy' (HB5254-83) standard was issued by the department of the national aviation industry as early as 1984, the 'determination of susceptibility to metal stress corrosion cracking' (ECSS-Q-70-27A) standard and 'selection of materials for inhibiting stress corrosion cracking' (ECSS-Q-70-26A) were issued by the European space standardization organization (ECSS) in 1998, and the above standards were corrected in 2008, which fully shows the importance of aluminum alloy stress corrosion in the aerospace field.
However, the environmental condition for measuring the stress corrosion of the aluminum alloy used in the ECSS standard is a 3.5% NaCl dry-wet alternative environment, and the national navigation mark uses 3% NaCl + 0.5% H2O2The stress corrosion sensitivity of the solution and the material is closely related to the environmental conditions, and it cannot be determined which environmental conditions are adopted to be closer to the actual environmental conditions. Secondly, the ECSS standard adopts a spring to carry out constant load loading, and Chinese navigation beacons adopt weights to carry out constant load loading, so that which loading mode is more reasonable cannot be determined.
In addition, the existing methods for testing the stress corrosion of the aluminum alloy at home and abroad can only give the relative high and low sensitivity of the stress corrosion of the aluminum alloy, and cannot give quantitative measurement methods of the sensitivity of the stress corrosion of the aluminum alloy.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, the present invention provides a method for measuring tensile stress corrosion of wrought aluminum alloy, which can quantitatively measure the stress corrosion sensitivity of the aluminum alloy.
Based on the above purpose, the invention provides a method for measuring a tensile stress corrosion test of wrought aluminum alloy, which comprises the following steps:
removing the aluminum-coated layer on the surface of the sample;
measuring the stress corrosion sensitivity by using the relative change of the same mechanical parameters of the same sample exposed in a comparison test environment and the same sample exposed in an inert environment;
the stress corrosion sensitivity is expressed as:
Figure BDA0001557894600000021
and measuring the threshold stress of the stress corrosion according to a binary search method.
Optionally, the measuring the threshold stress of the stress corrosion according to the binary search method includes the following steps:
loading a group of test samples to fracture, and measuring fracture strength;
constant load stress corrosion testing was performed at the initial stress of the 1/2 break strength of the test specimens:
if the specimen breaks within a predetermined time, repeating the constant load stress corrosion test by conducting the test under 1/2 stress, which is a stress at which breaking occurs, for each reduction until the specimen does not break within the predetermined time;
if the sample does not break within the specified time, carrying out the test under the average stress of the last two times of loading until (h-l) is less than or equal to 0.1(h + l), wherein h is the lowest stress of stress corrosion breakage and l is the highest stress of no stress corrosion breakage within the specified time, and obtaining the value of h;
and obtaining the threshold stress of the stress corrosion according to the obtained h value and a formula SCC (h + l)/2, wherein the SCC is the threshold stress.
Optionally, the removing of the aluminum-coated layer on the surface of the sample includes the following steps:
cleaning the sample with alcohol;
putting the sample cleaned by the alcohol into a 10% NaOH solution at 60+5 ℃, and removing the aluminum coating layer with the removal amount of 0.3 mm;
the sample from which the aluminum-coated layer was removed was washed with tap water and then with 30% HNO3Neutralizing the solution, and washing with tap water;
and (3) polishing the obtained sample by using No. 200, No. 600 and No. 1000 abrasive paper in sequence, washing the sample by using tap water, and drying the sample.
Optionally, the result is represented by one or more mechanical parameters at the same initial strain rate, where the one or more mechanical parameters include: time to break, plastic strain after break, ductility as measured by reduction of area or elongation after break, maximum load reached, area enclosed by standard stress elongation curve.
Optionally, the specified time is within 720 hours.
Optionally, the constant-load stress corrosion test uses a weight loading mode.
Optionally, a slow tensile test device is used for measuring the stress corrosion sensitivity, and a constant load test device is used for measuring the threshold stress of the stress corrosion.
Optionally, the shape of the sample comprises a plate shape and a rod shape, the thickness of the plate shape is more than 5mm, and the diameter of the rod shape is more than 5 mm.
Optionally, the environmental conditions of the comparative experiment are 3.0% NaCl + 0.5% H2O2The solution temperature is 35 +/-10 ℃, and the solution is replaced every 24 hours to ensure the consistency of the solution components.
From the above, the method for measuring the tensile stress corrosion of the wrought aluminum alloy provided by the invention quantitatively measures the stress corrosion sensitivity of the aluminum alloy by using the relative changes of the same mechanical parameters of the same sample exposed in the contrast test environment and the inert environment, and simultaneously quantitatively measures the threshold stress of the stress corrosion according to the method of halving search, thereby solving the problem that the prior art cannot quantitatively measure the stress corrosion sensitivity of the aluminum alloy; in addition, because the stress corrosion threshold cannot simulate the working stress or the external stress possibly borne by the engineering component, the scheme of the invention can more accurately simulate the working stress or the external stress possibly borne by the engineering component, so that the test and the measurement of the stress corrosion of the aluminum alloy are more reasonable and comprehensive.
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In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and for those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained according to the drawings without creative efforts.
FIG. 1 is a schematic flow chart of an embodiment of a method for measuring tensile stress corrosion of wrought aluminum alloys provided by the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of an embodiment of a prior art stress corrosion testing apparatus;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of the dimensions of a thin sample of an embodiment of a method of measuring tensile stress corrosion of wrought aluminum alloys provided in accordance with the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic size diagram of a thick sample according to an embodiment of the method for measuring tensile stress corrosion of wrought aluminum alloy provided by the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention is described in further detail below with reference to specific embodiments and the accompanying drawings.
Based on the above purpose, the embodiment of the invention provides a method for measuring the tensile stress corrosion of the wrought aluminum alloy, which can make quantitative measurement on the stress corrosion sensitivity of the aluminum alloy.
The invention provides a method for measuring tensile stress corrosion of wrought aluminum alloy, which comprises the following steps:
removing the aluminum-coated layer on the surface of the sample;
measuring the stress corrosion sensitivity by using the relative change of the same mechanical parameters of the same sample exposed in a comparison test environment and the same sample exposed in an inert environment;
the stress corrosion sensitivity is expressed as:
Figure BDA0001557894600000041
and measuring the threshold stress of the stress corrosion according to a binary search method.
As a preferred embodiment, as shown in fig. 1, a flow chart of an embodiment of the method for measuring tensile stress corrosion of wrought aluminum alloy according to the present invention is shown; the invention provides a method for measuring tensile stress corrosion of wrought aluminum alloy, which comprises the following steps:
step 101: selecting a test device and a test container;
step 102: determining the shape of the sample and the sampling direction of the test according to the test purpose;
step 103: removing the aluminum-coated layer on the surface of the sample;
step 104: selecting a test environment;
step 105: measurement of stress corrosion sensitivity;
step 106: measuring threshold stress of stress corrosion;
step 107: and (4) carrying out fracture observation on the test sample after the test.
Further, step 106: the method for measuring the threshold stress of the stress corrosion according to the binary search comprises the following steps:
loading a group of test samples to fracture, and measuring fracture strength;
constant load stress corrosion testing was performed at the initial stress of the 1/2 break strength of the test specimens:
if the specimen breaks within a predetermined time, repeating the constant load stress corrosion test by conducting the test under 1/2 stress, which is a stress at which breaking occurs, for each reduction until the specimen does not break within the predetermined time;
if the sample does not break within the specified time, carrying out the test under the average stress of the last two times of loading until (h-l) is less than or equal to 0.1(h + l), wherein h is the lowest stress of stress corrosion breakage and l is the highest stress of no stress corrosion breakage within the specified time, and obtaining the value of h;
and obtaining the threshold stress of the stress corrosion according to the obtained h value and a formula SCC (h + l)/2, wherein the SCC is the threshold stress.
For example, the test is performed under the average stress of the fourth and fifth loadings when the fourth specimen breaks for a predetermined time and the fifth specimen does not break for a predetermined time.
Step 106 further comprises: the threshold stress of stress corrosion was measured after applying a constant load through a set of samples treated in step 103.
Compared with the threshold stress of the stress corrosion calculated by the method provided by the invention, the threshold stress of the stress corrosion calculated by the method provided by the invention has an error within 10%.
101, the test device comprises a slow tensile test device and a constant load test device, wherein the slow tensile test device is adopted for measuring stress corrosion sensitivity, the constant load test device is adopted for measuring threshold stress of stress corrosion, and the slow tensile test device can realize 1 × 10-6S-1The above tensile rates, when used in the stress corrosion susceptibility comparative test, should be performed at the same strain rate, while the tensile rates should be noted in the test report.
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of an embodiment of a stress corrosion testing apparatus in the prior art; the test device comprises: a fixing device 1, a sample 2, a water bath 3, an etching solution 4, a temperature probe 5 and a heating rod 6.
The test container is made of a material inert to the test environment, and as a preferred embodiment, the material of the test container is glass or plastic in step 101, and the test container further includes a top cover to reduce evaporation during the test process and prevent dust and other contaminants from entering. And the volume of the test vessel should be such that the volume of solution corresponding to the surface area of the sample is sufficiently large.
The shape of the sample is determined according to the purpose of the test, and the shape of the sample prescribed in GB/T15970.1-9 can be used without any particular requirement. The tensile specimen should ensure sufficient thickness to reduce uncertainty in test results due to pitting and corrosion.
Preferably, the shape of the sample in step 102 includes a plate shape and a rod shape, the plate shape has a thickness of more than 5mm, and the rod shape has a diameter of more than 5 mm; the dimensions of the small cross-section specimen and the rod can be selected according to the actual material, but the specimen dimensions should be noted in the test report.
The plate comprises a thin test piece and a thick test piece, and as shown in FIG. 3, the thin test piece is a schematic size diagram of the thin test piece of the embodiment of the measuring method for the tensile stress corrosion of the wrought aluminum alloy provided by the invention, and the thickness b of the thin test piece1Is 1.5mm, d1=12mm,b2=15mm,b3=24mm,a1=75mm,a2=99mm,a3=180mm,a4=220mm。
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram showing the dimensions of a thick sample of an embodiment of the method for measuring the tensile stress corrosion of wrought aluminum alloy provided by the present invention, wherein the thickness b of the thick sample4Is 4mm, d2=6mm,r1=10mm,b5=5mm,b6=16mm,a5=20mm,a6=170mm,a7=12mm。
The stress corrosion sensitivity of the wrought aluminum alloy is related to the direction, the stress corrosion sensitivity of the short transverse direction is the highest, the threshold value is the lowest, the stress corrosion sensitivity of the longitudinal direction is the lowest, the threshold value is the highest, and the long transverse direction is between the two. The sampling direction of the test is determined according to the requirements of users and the weakest part of the actual sample, which is subjected to stress corrosion. Preferably, the sampling direction of the test is the long transverse direction.
The samples should be prevented from overheating and deforming during processing, the processing precision of the samples should meet the requirements of HB5254-83, and the samples for the same batch of test should be heat-treated materials in the same batch and the same heat treatment. When the test mark is used, the head of the sample is stamped or written in a vibration mode, and the mark is not needed to be made in the working area.
Further, step 103: the method for removing the aluminum-coated layer on the surface of the sample comprises the following steps:
cleaning the sample with alcohol;
putting the sample cleaned by the alcohol into a 10% NaOH solution at 60+5 ℃, and removing the aluminum coating layer with the removal amount of 0.3 mm;
the sample from which the aluminum-coated layer was removed was washed with tap water and then with 30% HNO3Neutralizing the solution, and washing with tap water;
and (3) polishing the obtained sample by using No. 200, No. 600 and No. 1000 abrasive paper in sequence, washing the sample by using tap water, and drying the sample.
The test environment in step 104 comprises a comparative test environment with 3.0% NaCl + 0.5% H or a real/simulated environment2O2The solution temperature is 35 +/-10 ℃, and the solution is replaced every 24 hours to ensure the consistency of the solution components.
The stress corrosion of the test sample is related to the environmental condition, and the stress corrosion test should use the actual service environmental condition of the test sample as much as possible. When the actual service environmental conditions cannot be realized by the laboratory, the actual/simulated environmental conditions are preferably tested according to standard simulated actual environmental conditions, and the solution is replaced every day during the test so as to avoid the change of the solution properties caused by corrosion products or volatilization of the solution.
In step 105, the result is expressed in terms of one or more mechanical parameters at the same initial strain rate: the time to break, the plastic strain after break, the extensibility, evaluated by the reduction of area or the elongation after break; the maximum load reached; area enclosed by the standard stress extension curve.
The measured stress corrosion sensitivity is related to the adopted mechanical parameters, and the sensitivities obtained by adopting different mechanical parameters are different. The mechanical parameters used for the stress corrosion sensitivity measurement should be noted in the test report.
In step 106, the threshold stress of the stress corrosion is measured in relation to the time specified by the test. Preferably, the specified time should be within 720 hours.
The constant load test device needs to be loaded by a spring or a lever by a weight, but the threshold values measured by the two loading modes are different, and the loading mode should be noted in a test report. As a preferred embodiment, the constant load stress corrosion test uses a weight loading mode.
When the constant load stress corrosion test is performed in step 106, a sample without load is placed, the sample is taken out after the constant load stress corrosion is finished, the sample is cleaned and dried, and then the strength of the sample is measured in a tensile mode and used for evaluating the reduction of mechanical properties caused by corrosion in the stress corrosion process.
When fracture observation is performed on the sample after the test in step 107, the following solvents are used to remove corrosion products: chromic anhydride (CrO)3),80g/l;
Phosphoric acid (H)3PO4Specific gravity of 1.7), 200 ml/l;
deionized water, 800 ml;
washing with deionized water at room temperature, and washing with 30% HNO3Soaking the solution for 3-5 seconds, washing the solution with tap water, drying the solution, and then observing the fracture in time.
The deionized water is not less than ASTM IV (ASTM D1193).
After the test is finished, a test report is written, the introduction of the chemical composition, heat treatment and mechanical property of the sample, the orientation, type and size of the sample and the surface processing of the sample are required in the report, the mechanical parameters (breaking time, reduction of area, elongation after fracture, maximum load reached, area surrounded by a standard stress extension curve and the like) adopted by the test result are determined, and the shape analysis and observation are carried out on the stress corrosion fracture, secondary crack and the like according to the requirements of users.
It can be seen from the above embodiments that the method for measuring the tensile stress corrosion of the wrought aluminum alloy provided by the embodiments of the present invention quantitatively measures the stress corrosion sensitivity of the aluminum alloy by using the relative changes of the same mechanical parameters of the same sample exposed in the comparative test environment and the inert environment, and quantitatively measures the threshold stress of the stress corrosion according to the binary search method, thereby solving the problem that the prior art cannot quantitatively measure the stress corrosion sensitivity of the aluminum alloy; in addition, because the stress corrosion threshold cannot simulate the working stress or the external stress possibly borne by the engineering component, the scheme of the invention can more accurately simulate the working stress or the external stress possibly borne by the engineering component, so that the test and the measurement of the stress corrosion of the aluminum alloy are more reasonable and comprehensive.
Those of ordinary skill in the art will understand that: the discussion of any embodiment above is meant to be exemplary only, and is not intended to intimate that the scope of the disclosure, including the claims, is limited to these examples; within the idea of the invention, also features in the above embodiments or in different embodiments may be combined, steps may be implemented in any order, and there are many other variations of the different aspects of the invention as described above, which are not provided in detail for the sake of brevity.
The embodiments of the invention are intended to embrace all such alternatives, modifications and variances that fall within the broad scope of the appended claims. Therefore, any omissions, modifications, substitutions, improvements and the like that may be made without departing from the spirit and principles of the invention are intended to be included within the scope of the invention.

Claims (8)

1. A method for measuring the tensile stress corrosion of wrought aluminum alloy is characterized by comprising the following steps:
removing the aluminum-coated layer on the surface of the sample;
measuring the stress corrosion sensitivity by using the relative change of the same mechanical parameters of the same sample exposed in a comparison test environment and the same sample exposed in an inert environment;
the stress corrosion sensitivity is expressed as:
Figure FDA0002336157280000011
measuring threshold stress of stress corrosion according to a binary search method;
the method for measuring the threshold stress of the stress corrosion according to the binary search comprises the following steps:
loading a group of test samples to fracture, and measuring fracture strength;
constant load stress corrosion testing was performed at the initial stress of the 1/2 break strength of the test specimens:
if the specimen breaks within a predetermined time, repeating the constant load stress corrosion test by conducting the test under 1/2 stress, which is a stress at which breaking occurs, for each reduction until the specimen does not break within the predetermined time;
if the sample does not break within the specified time, carrying out the test under the average stress of the last two times of loading until (h-l) is less than or equal to 0.1(h + l), wherein h is the lowest stress of stress corrosion breakage and l is the highest stress of no stress corrosion breakage within the specified time, and obtaining the value of h;
and obtaining the threshold stress of the stress corrosion according to the obtained h value and a formula SCC (h + l)/2, wherein the SCC is the threshold stress.
2. The method for measuring the tensile stress corrosion of the wrought aluminum alloy according to claim 1, wherein the step of removing the aluminum-clad layer on the surface of the sample comprises the following steps:
cleaning the sample with alcohol;
putting the sample cleaned by the alcohol into a 10% NaOH solution at 60+5 ℃, and removing the aluminum coating layer with the removal amount of 0.3 mm;
the sample from which the aluminum-coated layer was removed was washed with tap water and then with 30% HNO3Neutralizing the solution, and washing with tap water;
and (3) polishing the obtained sample by using No. 200, No. 600 and No. 1000 abrasive paper in sequence, washing the sample by using tap water, and drying the sample.
3. The method of claim 1, wherein the results are expressed in terms of one or more mechanical parameters at the same initial strain rate, the one or more mechanical parameters comprising: time to break, plastic strain after break, ductility as measured by reduction of area or elongation after break, maximum load reached, area enclosed by standard stress elongation curve.
4. The method of claim 2, wherein the specified time is within 720 hours.
5. The method for measuring the tensile stress corrosion of the wrought aluminum alloy according to claim 2, wherein the constant-load stress corrosion test uses a weight loading mode.
6. The method for measuring the tensile stress corrosion of the wrought aluminum alloy according to claim 1, wherein a slow tensile test device is adopted for the sensitivity of the stress corrosion measurement, and a constant load test device is adopted for the threshold stress of the stress corrosion measurement.
7. The method of claim 1, wherein the shape of the test piece comprises a plate shape and a rod shape, the plate shape has a thickness greater than 5mm, and the rod shape has a diameter greater than 5 mm.
8. The method of claim 1, wherein the comparative test environmental condition is 3.0% NaCl + 0.5% H2O2The solution temperature is 35 +/-10 ℃, and the solution is replaced every 24 hours to ensure the consistency of the solution components.
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