CN108396237B - 一种高塑性冷轧板及其生产方法 - Google Patents

一种高塑性冷轧板及其生产方法 Download PDF

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CN108396237B
CN108396237B CN201710064848.4A CN201710064848A CN108396237B CN 108396237 B CN108396237 B CN 108396237B CN 201710064848 A CN201710064848 A CN 201710064848A CN 108396237 B CN108396237 B CN 108396237B
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吕家舜
李峰
杨洪刚
周芳
刘仁东
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Angang Steel Co Ltd
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Abstract

本发明提供一种高塑性冷轧板及其生产方法,化学成分:C 0.10~0.60%,Si 0.50~3.5%,Mn 1.50~3.50%,P≤0.020%,S≤0.010%,Al 0.02~3.00%,Cr≤0.50%,Ni≤3.00%,Cu≤0.50%,Mo≤1.50%,V≤0.50%,Ti≤0.20%,Nb≤0.20%。热轧过程中控制卷取温度在贝氏体转变温度区间,获得以板条贝氏体为主体的金相组织,冷轧后钢板在连续退火生产线加热到奥氏体温度区后保温一段时间,再进行贝氏体等温淬火,得到板条贝氏体和残余奥氏体为主要组织的钢板,然后进行碳分配处理。通过两次贝氏体相变获得具有细晶贝氏体基体中均布有残余奥氏体的金相组织,该钢具有优良的塑性、焊接性能、成型性能、扩孔性能及延伸凸缘性能。

Description

一种高塑性冷轧板及其生产方法
技术领域
本发明属于冷轧钢板制造技术领域,特别涉及一种利用贝氏体相变获得的高强度高塑性冷轧板及其生产方法。
背景技术
为了提高钢材的使用效率,节约钢材在生产制造及使用过程中的能源、资源消耗,近几十年来各国的科研人员相继开发了各种具有优良综合性能的高强度钢材,其中具有代表性的有双相钢、TRIP钢、TWIP钢、马氏体钢、贝氏体钢、复相钢、热成型钢、Q&P钢等。与普通高强钢相比,AHSS钢成形性好,能量吸收率高、防撞凹性能好,烘烤硬化性能、屈服强度、加工硬化率高以及疲劳性能良好等优点,在汽车、机械制造、建筑等显示了良好的应用前景。
但是,现有的钢中除了马氏体钢不需要考虑塑性,热压成型钢成型后获得全马氏体组织没有塑性外,其它钢种通过两种方式获得较好的塑性:通过塑性较好的软相和塑性较差的硬相组合来获得塑性和强度的良好匹配,这类钢包括双相钢、贝氏体钢、复相钢等;通过残余奥氏体的形变诱导塑性来提高钢的整体变形能力,同时钢中也存在软相和硬相的组合,这类钢包括TRIP钢、TWIP钢、Q&P钢等。
通过软相和硬相的组合虽然可以获得较好的塑性,但是变形能力差异很大的两相(铁素体+马氏体)界面,在成形过程中易在开孔部位开裂,延伸凸缘成形性能不够好,特别在闪光焊接后,易在热影响区(HAZ)发生马氏体相回火软化,同时疲劳强度低。
现有的贝氏体钢板生产专利如申请号201010283882.9、201110383478.3、201210195411.1、201210268312.1主要是针对热轧钢板的生产。201010283882.9公开了一种高延伸率高强度低碳贝氏体钢板及其生产方法,其化学成分为C0.06-0.18%、Si0.55%-1.70%、Mn1.1-1.7,还含有一些Nb、V、Ti、Cr、Ni、Mo、Cu等合金元素,工艺为热轧控制轧制及控制冷却,后续进行一些热处理;组织为贝氏体、马氏体和残余奥氏体。201110383478.3提供一种超低碳贝氏体钢板及其制造方法,其化学成分为C≤0.03%、Si≤0.15%%、Mn1.2-1.6%,还含有一些Nb、V、Ti、Cu、Ni、B等合金元素,采用控轧控冷的方法获得超低碳贝氏体钢板,并进行500-600℃的回火处理,最终组织为回火超低碳贝氏体+弥散析出物。201210195411.1公开的一种超低碳贝氏体钢板及其制造方法,与201110383478.3类似,只是C含量稍高,Mn含量3.0-4.5%很高,不含有Cu、Ni等贵重元素。201210268312.1则提供了一种含硼贝氏体钢板及其制造方法,其化学成分为C0.20-0.35%、Si0.6-1.6%%、Mn1.5-2.0%、此外还含有Ti、B、Al及杂质元素,组织为贝氏体,成品为热轧板。
现有的公开资料也大多是针对热轧钢板的研究成果,较少有冷轧高强度贝氏体钢板的报道。
为了改善贝氏体钢的性能,增加贝氏体组织本身的变形能力,本发明通过提高贝氏体本身的变形能力,使得贝氏体板条在变形的过程中能够发生形变,从而提高钢板在变形过程中各种晶粒之间的相互协调与配合,变形能力大大改善。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种可提高钢板在变形过程中各种晶粒之间的相互协调与配合,具有优良的塑性、扩孔性能、延伸凸缘性能的冷轧贝氏体钢板及其生产方法。
本发明所采取的技术解决方案是:
一种高塑性冷轧板,其化学成分质量百分数为:C 0.10%~0.60%,Si 0.50%~3.5%,Mn1.50%~3.50%,P≤0.020%,S≤0.010%,Al 0.02%~3.00%,Cr≤0.50%,Ni≤3.00%,Cu≤0.50%,Mo≤1.50%,V≤0.50%,Ti≤0.20%,Nb≤0.20%,余量为Fe和其它不可避免的杂质;
冷轧板金相组织为板条贝氏体+残余奥氏体,残余奥氏体均匀分布于贝氏体板条之间及贝氏体板条内部,贝氏体组织的体积百分比为55%~85%,残余奥氏体的体积百分比为15%~45%。
一种高塑性冷轧板的生产方法,所述成分的钢经冶炼、铸造、热轧、酸洗后,热轧终轧温度控制在奥氏体区,冷却开始温度控制在奥氏体区,轧后冷却速度>20℃/s,冷却到所述钢的贝氏体转变温度,然后卷取,热轧钢板的组织为板条贝氏体+残余奥氏体;钢板酸洗、冷轧后进行连续退火,连续退火生产线的加热速度≥10℃/s,加热温度为700~930℃,保温时间10~60s,尔后立即快冷,快冷冷却速度≥30℃/s,快冷温度控制在贝氏体转变区,并在此温度保温20~300s,之后冷却到300~400℃的温度区间进一步完成C分配,最后冷却至室温。
本发明选择上述各特征及其具体参数的原因如下:
热轧终轧温度控制在奥氏体区,以不小于20℃/s的速度冷却至贝氏体区卷取,确保得到板条贝氏体+残余奥氏体的金相组织。
连续退火生产线的加热速度不小于10℃/s,加热温度为700~930℃,保温时间10~60秒,而后立即快冷,快冷冷却速度不小于30℃/s,快冷温度控制在贝氏体转变区,然后在此温度保温20~300秒后缓冷至室温。加热到奥氏体区保温,目的在于得到均匀的奥氏体组织;低于700℃,钢板不能奥氏体化,高于930℃,将使奥氏体晶粒粗大化,并引起钢板强度下降,易引起炉内断带;淬火速度低于30℃/s,将不能得到B+A组织;必须得到B+A为主要组织的原因在于,可在随后的分配过程中实现C原子由B向A中的分配,得到富碳的A,淬火温度控制在贝氏体转变温度区间,温度过低得到的A量较少,且容易出现M组织。
钢板中的C含量控制在C0.10%~0.60%,C可以稳定奥氏体,碳含量过低钢板强度不足,且在分配的过程没有足够的C原子向残余奥氏体中富集,得到的残余奥氏体稳定性不足,含量过高将对成型性能、焊接性能不利。
Si含量控制在0.50%~3.5%,Si含量过低,不能够阻碍渗碳体的析出,起到稳定奥氏体的作用,硅含量过高,将引起钢板表面在退火过程中的选择性氧化,生成的氧化物影响钢板的表面质量及后处理工艺。
Mn含量控制在1.50%~3.50%,Mn是奥氏体稳定化元素,Mn含量过低,钢的强度和淬透性均不足,Mn含量过高可能导致奥氏体体积增多,Mn含量过高钢的带状组织十分严重,影响性能的均一性。
P≤0.020%,越少越好,依据炼钢能力及经济性来确定。
S≤0.010%,越少越好,依据炼钢能力及经济性来确定。
Al控制在0.02%~3.00%,Al元素具有Si元素的作用,但是含量过高将引起炼钢、连铸过程的诸多问题,如氧化物夹杂、水口阻塞等。
Cr≤0.50%,一定的Cr含量可以右移C曲线,降低淬火的临界冷却速度,但含量过高,淬透性增加,引起淬火后残余奥氏体量的降低甚至消失。
Ni≤3.00%,一定的镍含量可以提高钢的综合机械性能,提高奥氏体的稳定性,含量过高造成成本上升。
Cu≤0.50%,Cu元素是很强的奥氏体形成元素,在渗碳体中也不溶解,有利于残余奥氏体的形成,可提高残余奥氏体的含量,另外可以提高强度,同时提高耐腐蚀性能。
Mo≤1.50%,Mo是一种铁素体形成元素,并降低贝氏体转变起始温度,同时强烈延迟奥氏体向铁素体和珠光体的相变,含量过高造成成本上升。
V≤0.50%,Ti≤0.20%,Nb≤0.20%,这三种元素都具有析出强化的作用,但含量不宜过高。实际需要添加时可以选择一种或两种。
本发明的有益效果为:
采用本发明生产的钢板具有强度高、扩孔性能好的优点,而且有效解决了工业化生产的工艺路线。钢板屈服强度大于800MPa,抗拉强度≥1000MPa,伸长率≥25%,λ≥40。
具体实施方式
实施例钢的化学成分见表1,实施例生产过程处理参数及性能见表2。
表1钢的化学成分wt%
Figure BDA0001220527520000041
表2生产过程处理参数及性能
Figure BDA0001220527520000042

Claims (2)

1.一种高塑性冷轧板,其特征在于,其化学成分质量百分数为:C0.10%~0.44%,Si0.50%~3.5%,Mn1.50%~3.50%,P≤0.020%,S≤0.010%,Al0.02%~3.00%,Cr≤0.50%,Ni≤3.00%,Cu≤0.50%,Mo≤1.50%,V≤0.50%,Ti≤0.20%,Nb≤0.20%,余量为Fe和其它不可避免的杂质;
冷轧板金相组织为板条贝氏体+残余奥氏体,残余奥氏体均匀分布于贝氏体板条之间及贝氏体板条内部,贝氏体组织的体积百分比为55%~85%,残余奥氏体的体积百分比为15%~45%;钢板屈服强度>800MPa,抗拉强度≥1000MPa,伸长率≥25%,λ≥40。
2.一种如权利要求1所述高塑性冷轧板的生产方法,其特征在于,所述成分的钢经冶炼、铸造、热轧、酸洗后,热轧终轧温度控制在奥氏体区,冷却开始温度控制在奥氏体区,轧后冷却速度>20℃/s,冷却到所述钢的贝氏体转变温度,然后卷取,热轧钢板的组织为板条贝氏体+残余奥氏体;钢板酸洗、冷轧后进行连续退火,连续退火生产线的加热速度≥10℃/s,加热温度为700~930℃,保温时间10~60s,尔后立即快冷,快冷冷却速度≥30℃/s,快冷温度控制在贝氏体转变区,并在此温度保温20~300s,之后冷却到300~400℃的温度区间进一步完成C分配,最后冷却至室温。
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