CN108393588B - It is a kind of to prepare metal super-hydrophobic bionic surface method using ultrafast laser technique - Google Patents
It is a kind of to prepare metal super-hydrophobic bionic surface method using ultrafast laser technique Download PDFInfo
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
- B23K26/352—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring for surface treatment
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Abstract
Metal super-hydrophobic bionic surface method is prepared using ultrafast laser technique the invention discloses a kind of, is related to bionic surface manufacturing technology field, comprising the following steps: metal exemplar carries out mechanical lapping and polishing；Metal exemplar carries out ultrasonic cleaning；Ultrafast laser is changed to circular polarization optical filtering, then carries out micro-nano structure induction processing；Metal exemplar carries out the processing of drag reduction micro-structure；Metal exemplar after processing is subjected to ultrasonic cleaning, is put into silicon fluoride liquid solution and impregnates later, takes out drying.This method takes full advantage of femtosecond laser micro-nano technology technical characterstic, is successfully prepared for having simultaneously super-hydrophobic and drag reduction pattern surface, reduces water droplet under flight environment of vehicle to greatest extent in the stop of metal surface, to reach moisture-proof, anti-icing effect maximizes.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to bionic surface manufacturing technology fields, and in particular to a kind of using ultrafast laser technique to prepare metal super
Hydrophobic bionic surface method.
Background technique
If metal surface have super hydrophobic functional, will make its waterproof, moisture-proof, anti-corrosion and in terms of application tool
There are larger potentiality, some animals and plants epidermises in nature have given us important enlightenment, these epidermises have super-hydrophobic, automatically cleaning
And the functions such as drag reduction.Research shows that the fish to move about in water or the birds to fly in air have lower resistance and low noise special
Property, and having super-hydrophobic feature, this characteristic is related to the morphology of organism surface.Canonical biometric epidermis such as shark leather block
Structure, surface macroscopically see be marshalling channel form structure, many proper alignments in its surface can be found by being further amplified
" cortex squama prominent " composition, these squamas are dashed forward, adjustable water flowing on its surface fluted in length direction.These grooves are simultaneously
The formation of whirlpool either turbulent vortices can be prevented, while shark surface can also secrete a kind of mucus of low-surface-energy, to make
Its travelling is that have lesser resistance.In addition this class formation also has hydrophobic self-cleaning function, as: using lotus leaf as Typical Representative
Leaf surface of plant, it be by surface hydrophobicity waxy substance material and micro-nano compound structure mastoid process jointly caused by, scanning
Under Electronic Speculum, it may be seen that it is 20-50 μm that lotus leaf surface, which is by many spacing, the mastoid process that average diameter is 5-9 μm is constituted, and
Each mastoid process surface is covered with average diameter again and is the nanostructure of 124.3nm or so, and is similarly covered with nanometer between mastoid process
Structure, this makes it have super hydrophobic functional, reaches 162 ° or so with the contact angle of water, roll angle is less than 2 °, the tables such as dust
The water droplet that face pollutant can be tumbled is taken away without leaving any trace.Researcher for animals and plants surface super hydrophobic and
Anti-drag function research shows that: mainly there are two factors to determine for the realization of its function: one be epidermis be low-surface-energy material or point
Low-energy liquid out is secreted, another is then to have super-hydrophobic or drag reduction micro-nano secondary structure on epidermis.
Based on above-mentioned two principle, researcher has carried out relatively broad research.Using machining (see patent 1:
CN201610217538.7, a kind of preparation method of super-hydrophobic metal surface, this method is first in titanium and its alloy, aluminium and its conjunction
The polishing pretreatment of the surfaces such as gold is to obtain the surface with certain micro nano structure, then using silane or siloxanes in matrix table
Face is modified, and can be obtained by such method with water contact angle is 160 ° or so of super-hydrophobic metal surface), it is particles filled
And a variety of methods such as the chemical methods such as self assembly, plasma etching, chemical attack and photoetching are prepared for bionic surface, these methods
The surface of preparation can be divided into ordered micro structure and two kinds of unordered micro-structure according to its configuration state.Ordered micro structure is more controllable,
The function on surface can be regulated and controled by adjusting its size, pattern, density and arrangement, therefore obtain more extensive concern.In recent years
The ultrafast laser technique that developed, due to being widely studied with ultrafast, superpower and class cold working characteristic.Using ultrafast
Laser carries out micro-nano bionic manufacture to metal surface, and usually there are two types of technologies, and one is ultrafast laser direct writing technologies, it is a kind of
No exposure mask processing, then the scan path and parameter of graphics processing needed for inputting in computer directly use laser scanning material
Surface carves required figure；Another kind is induced with laser technology, using the direct exposed material surface of ultrafast laser, due to wavelength,
Electric field polarization, pulsewidth collective effect generate irradiation damage, to form periodical micro-nano structure.At present for super-hydrophobic or subtract
Hinder surface using it is more be ultrafast laser direct writing technology, required micro-nano is gone out using ultrafast laser direct write in metal surface first
Then structure carries out low-surface-energy modification again, and then forms the bionic surface with super-hydrophobic automatic cleaning or drag reduction.
In recent years, light-weight metal (such as titanium alloy) in every field using more and more extensive, so super-hydrophobic anti-to its
Higher requirements are also raised for the promotion of tide and anti-icing performance and ambient adaptability.Current ultrafast laser super hydrophobic surface is ground
Study carefully the super hydrophobic surface to focus mostly under conventional environment with technology to manufacture, be had no suitable for the super hydrophobic surface under flight environment of vehicle, such as
Super hydrophobic surface under aircraft flight environment manufactures, and the super-hydrophobic moisture-proof anti-icing certainty and ground under this flight environment of vehicle are natural
Ambient condition is different, occurs occurring under the natural environment state of ground without ice sheet, and still has in state of flight super hydrophobic surface
The phenomenon that thicker ice sheet.Current all super-hydrophobic bionic surfaces not in consideration of it, mostly use lotus leaf biomimetic features,
Such as: class rose structure, patent 2:CN201410657627.4, a kind of ultra-hydrophobic high sticking metal surface and its preparation side
Method forms to obtain periodic class rose micro nano structure in metal material surface using ultrashort laser ablation metal base,
Then low-surface energy substance-methanol solution is modified in metal surface again after processing, can be obtained super-hydrophobic and high adherency
Metal surface does not account for fluid to this surface super-hydrophobic although such method can produce super hydrophobic surface
It can influence, effect is limited in flight environment of vehicle.Patent 3:CN200910021923.4, it is super thin that femtosecond laser prepares metal surface
The method of water micro-structure prepares super-hydrophobic periodical micro/nano structure with femtosecond laser radiation field on metal targets surface.Gold
Metal targets are first fixed in two-dimentional precision displacement table by metal surface periodicity micro/nano structure when preparing, and are then flown a branch of
Second laser is allowed to act in metal targets through object lens or lens focus, passes through femtosecond laser and induces the accurate position of combination two dimension
Moving stage is mobile, generates micro-/ nano periodic micro structure.Document 1: the laser preparation and research of metal bionic function micro-structure, Wu
Suddenly, Jiangsu University's academic dissertation, the geometric analysis method based on wettability carry out stainless steel surface using femtosecond laser
Micro-structure processing, is then handled by silane, obtains the surface of the similar double mesostructures of lotus leaf surface papillary, has
High apparent contact angle and minimum roll angle.Also not accounting for fluid influences this surface super hydrophobic performance.
Comprehensive closely related patent and document at present, the technology of ultrafast laser micro-nano technology is carried out to metal, is all made of line
Polarization mode is scanned, and the micro-nano structure of preparation is the typical super-hydrophobic pattern such as class lotus leaf mastoid process or rose, is not considered
How such super-hydrophobic bionic surface designs under fluid use environment, is not associated with the drag reductions pattern such as class sharkskin or porpoise skin.Such as
Fruit is wanted to realize the super hydrophobic surface being suitable under flight environment of vehicle, on the one hand needs to imitate lotus leaf sink conditions, on the other hand also to examine
Consider flow, the drag reductions biological epidermis micro-structure such as sharkskin can be incorporated, to reduce micro-structure to micro- in air
The resistance of small water droplet reduces it in surface adhesion, improves its moisture-proof and anti-icing effect, such as reduce icing amount and icing thickness.
This patent uses ultrafast laser inductive technology first thus, and is scanned using circular polarization mode, in metal surface shape
At micron order " class jujube core shape mastoid process ", and there is striated nanostructure thereon, to improve its hydrodynamic performance, then again
Using ultrafast laser direct writing technology, scanning machining goes out the drag reductions micro-structure such as ditch flute profile or diamond shape on it, passes through two kinds of shape micro-nanos
Structure it is compound, promote super-hydrophobic metal surface drag reduction capability, reduce drop and stop, and then it is anti-under flight environment of vehicle to enhance it
Damp and anti-icing ability.In addition, if modified after above-mentioned process is complete, then using low-surface-energy materials such as silicon fluorides,
Its better effect.
In the present invention, processes, do not consider such super-hydrophobic under fluid use environment for ultrafast laser metal bionic surface
How bionic surface designs, moisture-proof and not good enough anti-icing effect deficiency, uses ultrafast laser inductive technology first, and inclined using circle
Vibration mode scans, and forms micron order " class jujube core shape mastoid process " in metal surface, and have striated nanostructure thereon, makes up general
Deficiency of the logical super-hydrophobic pattern of induction on hydrodynamic performance, is then scanned on it using ultrafast laser direct writing technology again and is added
Work goes out the drag reductions micro-structure such as ditch flute profile or diamond shape, by the compound of two kinds of shape micro-nano structures, solve super-hydrophobic metal surface and exists
Application limitation under flight environment of vehicle reduces drop resistance and stop, and then enhances its moisture-proof and anti-icing energy under flight environment of vehicle
Power expands the application range of super hydrophobic surface.
Summary of the invention
In view of the deficiencies of the prior art, metal is prepared the purpose of the present invention is to provide a kind of utilization ultrafast laser technique to surpass
Hydrophobic bionic surface method.
Present invention solves the technical problem that can be realized using following technical scheme: a kind of to utilize ultrafast laser technique system
Standby metal super-hydrophobic bionic surface method, comprising the following steps: (1), pre-process: metal exemplar to be processed is carried out with sand paper
Mechanical lapping and polishing；
(2), it cleans: polished metal exemplar being subjected to ultrasonic cleaning, obtains clean metal sample；
(3), induction is handled: ultrafast laser being changed to circular polarization optical filtering, then ultrafast laser is to clean metal-like
The surface of part carries out micro-nano structure induction processing；
(4), surface processes: ultrafast laser is carried out the processing of drag reduction micro-structure to induction treated metal exemplar；
(5), it cleans again: the metal exemplar after processing being subjected to ultrasonic cleaning, is put into silicon fluoride liquid solution later
It impregnates, takes out drying.
Preferably, the step (2) and the step (5) are all made of cold wind drying after ultrasonic cleaning.
Preferably, the laser light incident direction of ultrafast laser described in the step (3) is vertical with metal sample surface, swashs
Optical scanning track is parallel with wind direction suffered by metal exemplar.
Preferably, the drag reduction micro-structure in the step (4) is channel form or diamond shape.
Preferably, in the processing of the diamond structure, ultrafast laser laser light incident direction and the metal sample surface hang down
Directly, scanning track is cross one another first track, the second track, third track and the 4th track, wherein the first track with
Second track is parallel, and third track is parallel with the 4th track, and the angle between the first track and third track is at an acute angle, sweeps
The line of two small acute ends of the diamond shape retouched is parallel with wind direction suffered by metal exemplar.
Preferably, in the processing of the channel form structure, ultrafast laser laser light incident direction and the metal sample surface
Vertically, scanning track is the 5th track, and the 5th track is parallel with wind direction suffered by metal exemplar.
Beneficial effect is: proposing that super-hydrophobic micro-nano structure pattern and drag reduction microstructure appearance are sufficiently compound in the present invention, mentions
Super-hydrophobic metal surface drag reduction capability is risen, drop is reduced and stops, and then enhance its moisture-proof and anti-icing ability under flight environment of vehicle.
Using circularly polarized laser scanning mode, prepare have super hydrophobic functional and hydrodynamic performance it is excellent " class jujube core shape mastoid process " it is micro-
Receive secondary structure.Ultrafast laser inductive technology and ultrafast laser direct writing technology is compound, induced synthesis " the class jujube core in metal surface
After shape mastoid process " micro-nano secondary structure, ultrafast laser direct write groove or the preparation of diamond shape drag reduction micro-structure are carried out, to realize while have
There is the surface of super-hydrophobic micro-nano structure Yu drag reduction micro-structure.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is that a kind of ultrafast laser for preparing metal super-hydrophobic bionic surface method using ultrafast laser technique of the present invention adds
Work fund metal exemplar schematic diagram；
Fig. 2 is that a kind of induced with laser for preparing metal super-hydrophobic bionic surface method using ultrafast laser technique of the present invention is swept
Retouch track；
Fig. 3 is a kind of class jujube core shape cream that metal super-hydrophobic bionic surface method is prepared using ultrafast laser technique of the present invention
Prominent micro-nano structure schematic diagram；
Fig. 4 is that a kind of ultrafast laser for preparing metal super-hydrophobic bionic surface method using ultrafast laser technique of the present invention is straight
Write diamond shape micro-structure scanning track；
Fig. 5 is a kind of " class jujube core shape that metal super-hydrophobic bionic surface method is prepared using ultrafast laser technique of the present invention
Mastoid process " super-drainage structure and the compound schematic diagram of " groove " drag reduction micro-structure；
Fig. 6 is a kind of " class jujube core shape that metal super-hydrophobic bionic surface method is prepared using ultrafast laser technique of the present invention
Mastoid process " super-drainage structure and the compound schematic diagram of " diamond shape " drag reduction micro-structure；
Wherein 1, metal exemplar；2, ultrafast laser；3, wind direction；4, the first track；5, the second track；6, third track；7,
4th track；8, the 5th track；9, groove microstructure；10, diamond shape micro-structure；11, groove between diamond shape micro-structure；12, class jujube core
Shape mastoid process；13, nanoscale striped.
Specific embodiment
The preferred embodiment that the invention will now be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Embodiment 1
A kind of specific embodiment that metal super-hydrophobic bionic surface method is prepared using ultrafast laser technique of the present invention: one
" class jujube core shape mastoid process " super-hydrophobic micro-nano structure is prepared on aluminium alloy using femtosecond laser for kind and " groove " drag reduction micro-structure is multiple
Close bionic surface method:
(1), by aluminum alloy sample to be processed use respectively the sand paper of different model according to it is first small to it is big (400#, 800#,
Sequence 2000#) is successively ground, and is then processed by shot blasting using polishing cloth, until sample has brighter metallic luster；
(2), polished aluminum alloy sample is placed in the ultrasonic washing instrument for filling deionized water or alcoholic solution
30min is cleaned, is dried up its surface with cold wind after cleaning up, obtains clean aluminum alloy sample；
(3), as shown in Figure 1, femto-second laser is changed circular polarization optical filtering, induced with laser is carried out to aluminium alloy exemplar and is added
Work regulates the relevant technique of femto-second laser and machined parameters: optical maser wavelength 780nm, frequency 1kHz, pulsewidth 240fs, focal length
For 50mm, fly laser beam perpendicular to machined material surface, laser beam scan path is as shown in Fig. 2, be the 5th track 8, with gold
It is identical to belong to wind direction 3 suffered by exemplar, positive out of focus 3mm, laser power 0.7W, scanning speed 400mm/min, sweep span 0.1mm,
To induce " class jujube core shape mastoid process 12 " micro-nano secondary structure pattern, as shown in Figure 3；
(4), after aluminium alloy exemplar induction processing, then channel form micro-structure is carried out using 2 direct writing technology of ultrafast laser and is added
Work, laser light incident direction is still vertical with sample surface, and laser beam scan path is identical as induction path, as shown in Fig. 2, femtosecond laser
Power is 1W, defocusing amount 0mm, scanning speed 200mm/min, sweep span 0.25mm, other parameters and induced with laser parameter
It is identical；
(5), it has been carried out in above-mentioned technique and then secondary be placed in aluminium alloy exemplar fills deionized water or alcoholic solution
Ultrasonic washing instrument in clean 30min, cold wind drying；
(6), the aluminium alloy exemplar after drying is put into after being impregnated 6 hours in silicon fluoride liquid solution, takes out drying.
Embodiment 2
A kind of specific embodiment that metal super-hydrophobic bionic surface method is prepared using 2 technology of ultrafast laser of the present invention:
It is a kind of that " class jujube core shape mastoid process 12 " super-hydrophobic micro-nano structure and the micro- knot of " diamond shape " drag reduction being prepared on titanium alloy using picosecond laser
Structure composite bionic surface method:
(1), by titanium alloy sample to be processed use respectively the sand paper of different model according to it is first small to it is big (400#, 800#,
Sequence 2000#) is successively ground, and is then processed by shot blasting using polishing cloth, until sample has brighter metallic luster；
(2), polished titanium alloy sample is placed in the ultrasonic washing instrument for filling deionized water or alcoholic solution
30min is cleaned, is dried up its surface with cold wind after cleaning up, obtains clean titanium alloy sample；
(3), picosecond laser is changed into circular polarization optical filtering, induced with laser processing is carried out to titanium alloy exemplar, is regulated
The relevant technique of picosecond laser and machined parameters: optical maser wavelength 1033nm, frequency 50kHz, pulsewidth 3ps, focal length 150mm,
Picosecond laser beam orthogonal in machined material surface, laser beam scan path as shown in Fig. 2, positive out of focus 4mm, laser power 5W,
Scanning speed is 600mm/min, sweep span 0.2mm；
(4), after titanium alloy exemplar induction processing, then diamond shape micro-structure 10 is carried out using 2 direct writing technology of ultrafast laser and is added
Work, laser light incident direction is still vertical with sample surface, and laser beam scan path is as shown in figure 4, respectively the first track 4, the second rail
Mark 5, third track 6 and the 4th track 7, picosecond laser power are 10W, and defocusing amount 0mm, scanning speed 1000mm/min are swept
Spacing 0.5mm is retouched, other parameters are identical as induced with laser parameter；
(5), it has been carried out in above-mentioned technique and then secondary be placed in titanium alloy exemplar fills deionized water or alcoholic solution
Ultrasonic washing instrument in clean 30min, cold wind drying；
(6), the titanium alloy exemplar after drying is put into after being impregnated 6 hours in silicon fluoride liquid solution, takes out drying.
The super-hydrophobic bionic surface structure of aluminium alloy as shown in Figure 5 has been obtained in embodiment 1, has been had on the surface of aluminium alloy
Groove microstructure 9.The water contact angle and roll angle of sample are measured using contact angle measurement, water contact angle is up to 160 °, rolling
Dynamic angle is 0 °, has carried out resistance reducing performance test using low-speed wind tunnel (30m/s), drag reducing efficiency is up to 3%.
The super-hydrophobic bionic surface structure of titanium alloy as shown in FIG. 6 has been obtained in embodiment 2, has been had on the surface of titanium alloy
Groove 11 between diamond shape micro-structure 10 and diamond shape micro-structure.Water contact angle and the rolling of sample are measured using contact angle measurement
Angle, for water contact angle up to 165 °, roll angle is 0 °, has carried out resistance reducing performance test using low-speed wind tunnel (30m/s), drag reducing efficiency can
Up to 7%.
Based on above-mentioned, ultrafast laser 2 has the characteristics that pulse is ultrashort, peak value is superpower, the fuel factor pole in rapidoprint
It is small, similar cold working may be implemented, therefore can process to nearly all material.Swashed first in embodiment 1 using femtosecond
Light uses picosecond laser in embodiment 2,2 inductive technology of ultrafast laser is carried out, and scan using circular polarization mode, such as embodiment 1
In aluminium alloy and embodiment 2 in titanium alloy, 1 surface of metal exemplar formed micron order " class jujube core shape mastoid process 12 ", and
There is nanoscale striated structure 13 thereon, makes up the deficiency for commonly inducing super-hydrophobic pattern on hydrodynamic performance, then adopt again
With 2 direct writing technology of ultrafast laser, scanning machining goes out the drag reductions micro-structure such as ditch flute profile or diamond shape on it, passes through two kinds of shape micro-nanos
Structure it is compound, solve super-hydrophobic metal surface application limitation under flight environment of vehicle.This method takes full advantage of femtosecond laser
Micro-nano technology technical characterstic is successfully prepared for having super-hydrophobic and drag reduction pattern surface simultaneously, reduces fly to greatest extent
Water droplet is maximized in the stop of metal surface to reach moisture-proof, anti-icing effect under row environment.
The above description is only an embodiment of the present invention, is not intended to limit the scope of the invention, all to utilize this hair
Equivalent structure or equivalent flow shift made by bright specification and accompanying drawing content is applied directly or indirectly in other relevant skills
Art field, is included within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (5)
1. a kind of prepare metal super-hydrophobic bionic surface method using ultrafast laser technique, which comprises the following steps:
(1) it pre-processes: metal exemplar to be processed is subjected to mechanical lapping and polishing with sand paper；
(2) it cleans: polished metal exemplar being subjected to ultrasonic cleaning, obtains clean metal sample；
(3) induction is handled: ultrafast laser being changed to circular polarization optical filtering, then table of the ultrafast laser to clean metal exemplar
Face carries out micro-nano structure induction processing；It is scanned using circular polarization mode, forms micron order " class jujube core shape cream in metal surface
It is prominent "；
(4) surface processes: ultrafast laser is carried out the processing of drag reduction micro-structure to induction treated metal exemplar；The drag reduction is micro-
Structure is channel form or diamond shape；
(5) it cleans again: the metal exemplar after processing being subjected to ultrasonic cleaning, is put into silicon fluoride liquid solution and impregnates later,
Take out drying.
2. a kind of according to claim 1 prepare metal super-hydrophobic bionic surface method, feature using ultrafast laser technique
Be: the step (2) and the step (5) are all made of cold wind drying after ultrasonic cleaning.
3. a kind of according to claim 1 prepare metal super-hydrophobic bionic surface method, feature using ultrafast laser technique
Be: the laser light incident direction of ultrafast laser described in the step (3) is vertical with metal sample surface, laser scanning track
It is parallel with wind direction suffered by metal exemplar.
4. a kind of according to claim 1 prepare metal super-hydrophobic bionic surface method, feature using ultrafast laser technique
Be: in the processing of the diamond structure, ultrafast laser laser light incident direction is vertical with the metal sample surface, scans rail
Mark is cross one another first track, the second track, third track and the 4th track, wherein the first track is equal with the second track
Row, third track is parallel with the 4th track, and the angle between the first track and third track is at an acute angle, the diamond shape scanned
Two small acute ends line it is parallel with wind direction suffered by metal exemplar.
5. a kind of according to claim 1 prepare metal super-hydrophobic bionic surface method, feature using ultrafast laser technique
Be: in the processing of the channel form structure, ultrafast laser laser light incident direction is vertical with the metal sample surface, scanning
Track is the 5th track, and the 5th track is parallel with wind direction suffered by metal exemplar.
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| CN105624763A (en) * | 2016-03-11 | 2016-06-01 | 河北工业大学 | Method for preparing micro-nano composite structure on surface of titanium substrate |
| CN105798454B (en) * | 2016-04-29 | 2017-09-12 | 西安交通大学 | A kind of method that utilization nanosecond laser induction crackle prepares micron and nanometer composite structure |
| CN106167247B (en) * | 2016-07-06 | 2018-06-15 | 合肥工业大学 | Anisotropy micro-nano surface based on the bionical processing of energy adjustment femtosecond laser |
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