CN108391780A - 粉状食品的制备和着色 - Google Patents

粉状食品的制备和着色 Download PDF

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CN108391780A
CN108391780A CN201810119964.6A CN201810119964A CN108391780A CN 108391780 A CN108391780 A CN 108391780A CN 201810119964 A CN201810119964 A CN 201810119964A CN 108391780 A CN108391780 A CN 108391780A
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thin slice
tio
sio
mixture
mica thin
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A·彼得斯
R·施魏因富特
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Merck Patent GmbH
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Merck Patent GmbH
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Priority to CN202310671625.XA priority Critical patent/CN116530631A/zh
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Abstract

本发明涉及粉状食品的制备和着色方法，该方法的特征在于将未着色的粉状食品与基于薄片状基材的效果颜料混合。

Description

粉状食品的制备和着色
技术领域
本发明涉及粉状食品的制备和着色方法，该方法的特征在于将未着色的粉状食品与基于薄片状基材的效果颜料混合。
背景技术
除了用于功能用途之外，基于薄片状基材的效果颜料正在越来越多地被采用以用于提升产品的外观，例如在食品技术或化妆品中，因为吸引人的颜色和效果为观察者和消费者带来愉快的主观印象。在效果颜料的制备中，提出了颜料纯度和品质的严格要求。因此，效果颜料(优选珠光和干涉颜料)也在食品领域中采用以用于改善颜色效果或赋予颜色。
在食品领域使用中，珠光颜料可以悬浮在许多液体中，例如水、乙醇、酸或甚至油。这里出现了珠光颜料均匀分布或悬浮的问题。
然而，需要直接将呈粉末或颗粒形式的食品着色而无需将它们预先悬浮在液体中。迄今，如果使用固色剂或粘合剂，仅可能将用于原料(ingredient)(例如用于粉状汤，例如呈小片形式的面条)的着色剂单独施加于表面。这意味着另外必要的方法步骤，并且额外使用其他添加剂例如纤维素或虫胶用于将着色剂粘合或固定在各自产品的表面。
发明内容
因此，本发明的目的是提供一种着色粉状食品的方法，其在成本效益和接受度方面相对现有技术得到改进。
令人惊讶地是，已经发现基于薄片状基材的效果颜料可以有利地用于着色粉状食品(而这些原料不必单独着色于所述表面上)。因此，例如，呈小片形式的面条可以通过简单混合由珠光颜料着色而无单独的预处理或预着色。这使得使用额外的粘合剂或固色剂，例如纤维素、***树胶、虫胶等变得多余。通过将原料与一种或多种效果颜料的简单混合引起的纯物理粘合作用使得将效果颜料充分固定或粘合在干燥或粉状食品的产品表面得以发生。除了简单的处理之外，食品中不需要其他添加剂是有利的，因为添加剂通常应该被限制到绝对必要的那些，即每种另外的添加剂是不希望的。
在本申请中的术语“粉状食品”包括粉末或颗粒形式的所有食品，特别是调味品、调味品混合物、烘焙混合物、用于肉制品工业的预混物、速溶饮料或速溶(instant)汤。术语优选包括速溶饮料或速溶汤。这些特别优选为速溶汤，例如包装汤(packet soup)、干汤，例如面条汤或类似产品。此处，食品粉末或颗粒通常具有<10mm的粒径，优选<8mm和特别是<5mm。
速溶汤，例如面条汤，是工业上制备的干原料(例如面条、蔬菜、脂肪(fat)、增味剂，例如谷氨酸一钠、香料和调味品)的混合物，其已经被预先烹调或预处理使得它们通过与热水混合和可能的短暂煮沸而产生可即食的汤。除了制备简单和快速的本质之外，速溶汤的特征还在于非常长的保存期，因为它们几乎不含水并且以气密的方式包装。
为了实现特定的光学色彩效果，例如珠光效果，将一种或多种效果颜料，优选珠光颜料和/或干涉颜料添加到粉状食品中并与其混合。在以这种方式(例如通过在其上倒入热水)处理的这些食品的相应制备之后，例如在成品汤中产生期望的光学效果，例如珠光效果。特别是在清澈的汤中，这种光学效果非常有吸引力地显示出。
优选的效果颜料为基于薄片状基材的珠光颜料和干涉颜料，该薄片状基材已经被一种或多种金属氧化物和/或金属氢氧化物所涂覆。
术语“薄片状基材”是指本领域技术人员已知的所有薄片状基材。用于效果颜料，例如珠光颜料和干涉颜料的合适的基础基材是透明或半透明的薄片状基材。特别合适的是层状硅酸盐、滑石、高岭土、薄片状铁氧化物(iron oxide)或铝氧化物(aluminium oxide)、玻璃薄片，SiO2薄片、TiO2薄片、薄片状混合氧化物，例如FeTiO3、Fe2TiO5或其它相当的材料，这取决于在食品或药物产品中使用的相应的法律批准。
基础基材的尺寸本身并不重要并且可以与各自意欲的应用相匹配。一般地，薄片状基材具有0.005-10μm的厚度，特别是0.05-5μm。在两个其它维度的尺寸通常是1-500μm，优选2-200μm和特别是5-150μm。非常特别优选的珠光颜料具有10-60μm或5-25μm或10-150μm或5-50μm的粒径。
优选的效果颜料，例如珠光颜料是基于天然云母薄片、合成云母薄片、SiO2薄片、Al2O3薄片、TiO2薄片、玻璃薄片、Fe2O3薄片，特别是合成云母薄片、天然云母薄片和SiO2薄片(在欧盟批准的食品添加剂清单中的No.E555或E551)。合成薄片，例如合成云母薄片、SiO2薄片、Al2O3薄片、TiO2薄片和玻璃薄片可以是掺杂的或未掺杂的。合适的掺杂剂尤其为金属氧化物，例如TiO2、ZrO2和SnO2。
所使用的珠光颜料是基于薄片状、透明或半透明基材的颜料，其包含例如层状硅酸盐、例如天然云母、合成云母、滑石、绢云母或高岭土，或者包含玻璃或其它硅酸盐材料，其单独或以均匀层或连续层中的混合物的形式涂覆有着色或无色的金属氧化物，例如TiO2、低价钛氧化物、氮氧化钛、Fe2O3、Fe3O4、SnO2、ZnO和其它金属氧化物。基于合成或天然云母薄片的特别优选的珠光颜料涂覆有一种或多种选自TiO2、Fe2O3和Fe3O4或其混合物的金属氧化物或具有由交替的高折射率层和低折射率层组成的多层涂层，例如TiO2-SiO2-TiO2。
此外，优选TiO2-和/或Fe2O3-涂覆的SiO2或Al2O3薄片。用一种或多种金属氧化物涂覆SiO2薄片可以例如如在WO 93/08237(湿化学涂覆)或DE-A 196 14 637(CVD方法)中所描述的进行。
施加于薄片状基材的金属氧化物也优选是适合人类消费的食品级别的材料(欧盟批准的食品添加剂清单中的No.E171(TiO2)或E172(铁氧化物))。
术语“二氧化钛”是指TiO2(欧盟批准的食品添加剂清单中的No.E171)。
术语“铁氧化物”是指Fe2O3和Fe3O4二者(欧盟批准的食品添加剂清单中的No.E172)。
此外优选具有不同粒径的珠光颜料混合物。如果将具有“小”粒径，例如5-25μm或10-60μm的珠光颜料与具有“大”粒径，例如10-150μm的珠光颜料混合，可以实现特别的效果。
在基础基材上的各个层，优选一个或多个金属氧化物层的厚度优选为10-500nm，特别是20-400nm和非常特别优选30-350nm。
在多层颜料的情况下，其优选在基材表面上具有交替的高折射率层和低折射率层(A)(B)(A)，高折射率层(层A)通常具有10-500nm的层厚度，优选20-400nm和特别是30-350nm。低折射率层的厚度(层B)优选为10-500nm，优选20-400nm，特别是30-350nm。
在本申请中高折射率层是指具有≥1.8的折射率的层，例如TiO2、Fe2O3或Fe3O4，而低折射率层具有<1.8的折射率，例如SiO2、Al2O3或AlO(OH)。
效果颜料，优选珠光颜料，可以包括多个相同或不同的层组(layer package)的组合，但是在多层颜料的情况下仅用一个层组(A)(B)(A)涂覆基材是优选的。为了增加着色力，根据本发明的颜料可以包含至多4个层组，但是在这种情况下，基材上的所有层的厚度不应该超过3μm。在基材表面上具有3层或更多层的多层颜料的情况下，优选对薄片状基材施加奇数个层，在每种情况下在最内和最外位置上具有高折射率层。呈顺序(A)(B)(A)的三个光学干涉层的结构是特别优选的。合适的高折射率层优选为TiO2、Fe2O3和/或Fe3O4，或钛氧化物和铁氧化物的混合物。此处TiO2可以是金红石变型或锐钛矿变型。
适用于涂层(B)的合适的无色低折射率材料优选为金属氧化物或相应的氧化物水合物，例如SiO2、Al2O3、AlO(OH)、B2O3、MgF2、MgSiO3或所述金属氧化物的混合物，根据食品或药物产品中所使用的法律批准。
用于食品领域的特别优选的珠光颜料是用金属氧化物层(优选TiO2或Fe2O3，以及Fe3O4，或TiO2和Fe2O3的混合物)涂覆的云母薄片(合成或天然)或SiO2薄片。金属氧化物层或金属氧化物混合层的厚度为10nm至500nm。薄片的厚度在200nm至900nm的范围内。取决于所采用的薄片和施加的金属氧化物层的厚度以及金属氧化物的类型，这类颜料的特征在于特别强烈的干涉颜色和/或强烈的角度依赖的随角异色效应。后者是显而易见的，因为观察者在相对于着色物体改变其观察位置时感觉到不同的颜色。
优选的效果颜料特别地选自以下提及的颜料：
天然云母薄片+TiO2
天然云母薄片+Fe2O3
天然云母薄片+Fe3O4
天然云母薄片+TiO2+Fe2O3
天然云母薄片+TiO2+Fe3O4
天然云母薄片+Fe2O3+TiO2
天然云母薄片+Fe3O4+TiO2
天然云母薄片+TiO2/Fe2O3混合物
天然云母薄片+TiO2/Fe3O4混合物
合成云母薄片+TiO2
合成云母薄片+Fe2O3
合成云母薄片+Fe3O4
合成云母薄片+TiO2+Fe2O3
合成云母薄片+TiO2+Fe3O4
合成云母薄片+Fe2O3+TiO2
合成云母薄片+Fe3O4+TiO2
合成云母薄片+TiO2/Fe2O3混合物
合成云母薄片+TiO2/Fe3O4混合物
SiO2薄片+TiO2
SiO2薄片+Fe2O3
SiO2薄片+Fe3O4
SiO2薄片+TiO2+Fe2O3
SiO2薄片+TiO2+Fe3O4
SiO2薄片+Fe2O3+TiO2
SiO2薄片+Fe3O4+TiO2
SiO2薄片+TiO2/Fe2O3混合物
SiO2薄片+TiO2/Fe3O4混合物
天然云母薄片+TiO2+SiO2+TiO2
天然云母薄片+Fe2O3+SiO2+TiO2
天然云母薄片+TiO2+SiO2+Fe2O3
天然云母薄片+TiO2+SiO2+Fe3O4
天然云母薄片+TiO2/Fe2O3混合物+SiO2+Fe2O3
天然云母薄片+TiO2/Fe2O3混合物+SiO2+TiO2/Fe2O3混合物
天然云母薄片+Fe2O3混合物+SiO2+TiO2/Fe2O3混合物
合成云母薄片+TiO2+SiO2+TiO2
合成云母薄片+Fe2O3+SiO2+TiO2
合成云母薄片+TiO2+SiO2+Fe2O3
合成云母薄片+TiO2+SiO2+Fe3O4
合成云母薄片+TiO2/Fe2O3混合物+SiO2+Fe2O3
合成云母薄片+TiO2/Fe2O3混合物+SiO2+TiO2/Fe2O3混合物
合成云母薄片+Fe2O3混合物+SiO2+TiO2/Fe2O3混合物
SiO2薄片+TiO2+SiO2+TiO2
SiO2薄片+Fe2O3+SiO2+TiO2
SiO2薄片+TiO2+SiO2+Fe2O3
SiO2薄片+TiO2+SiO2+Fe3O4
SiO2薄片+TiO2/Fe2O3混合物+SiO2+Fe2O3
SiO2薄片+TiO2/Fe2O3混合物+SiO2+TiO2/Fe2O3混合物
SiO2薄片+Fe2O3混合物+SiO2+TiO2/Fe2O3混合物。
已经批准用于食品领域的珠光和干涉颜料是可商购的，例如以商标购自Merck KGaA。
着色食品的特征在于基于效果颜料光折射或反射并且为观察者和消费者带来愉悦的主观印象的颜色效果。将一种或多种效果颜料与粉状食品混合，可以使产品具有有趣的色调，并且同时归因于考虑新的流行趋势使得满足对于色调的新变体或细微差别的希望。
根据本发明的粉状食品着色可以使用单独的效果颜料和不同效果颜料(特别是珠光颜料)的混合物进行。此处对混合比没有限制。然而，也可以使用效果颜料的混合物，它们仅粒径不同，即“粗”与“细”颜料的混合物。
基于食品，粉状食品通常包含0.01-8wt％，优选0.02-4wt％的一种或多种效果颜料，特别是珠光颜料和/或干涉颜料。效果颜料的必要量随着用于制备粉状食品的水量而增加。
效果颜料，优选珠光颜料，可以通过简单的标准工业混合方法与粉状食品和/或其组分混合。效果颜料本身没有集聚的倾向。混合还导致效果颜料在粉状食品中非常均匀的分布，其中取决于原料的物理性质，观察到对各个产品表面或多或少强的物理固定。这种颜色固定还在粉状汤的烹调过程之后和过程中得以保持，并且在最终成品中对消费者来说是视觉上明显的。
本发明同样涉及粉状食品，其包含脂肪、香料、调味品、一种或多种效果颜料和任选的其他原料。
此外，本发明涉及速溶汤或干汤，其包含干的蔬菜、脂肪、调味品、一种或多种效果颜料和任选其它原料，例如面条、增稠剂、增味剂等。特别优选速溶汤，特别是面条汤。
具体实施方式
以下实施例旨在解释本发明，而不是限制本发明。除非另有说明，否则百分比表示重量百分比。
实施例:
实施例1-10的工序：
将表中所示量的速溶汤和珠光颜料通过摇动混合，并将所得混合物搅拌加入实施例中所示量的沸水中。然后将混合物煮沸另外5分钟。在煮沸之后，添加的珠光颜料在汤的液相中以及在例如面条的原料上都清晰可见。
基于云母薄片或SiO2薄片的实施例中使用的珠光颜料和干涉颜料(来自Merck的颜料)具有以下组成和粒径：
Gold Lustre:用TiO2(E171)和Fe2O3(E172i i)涂覆的云母(E555)；10-60μm
Gold Sparkle:用TiO2(E171)和Fe2O3(E172i i)涂覆的云母(E555)；10-150μm
Gold Shimmer:用TiO2(E171)涂覆的云母(E555)；10-60μm
Silver用TiO2(E171)涂覆的云母(E555)；
Lustre:10-60μm
Silver用TiO2(E171)涂覆的云母(E555)；
Sparkle:10-150μm
Red Sparkle:用Fe2O3(E172i i)涂覆的云母(E555)；10-150μm
NXT Ruby Red:用Fe2O3(E172ii)涂覆的SiO2薄片(E551)；5-50μm
Red Lustre:用Fe2O3(E172ii)涂覆的云母(E555)；10-60μm。

Claims (11)

1.着色粉状食品的制备方法，其特征在于将未着色的粉状食品与一种或多种基于薄片状基材的效果颜料混合。
2.根据权利要求1的方法，其特征在于所述效果颜料为珠光颜料、干涉颜料或多层颜料。
3.根据权利要求1或2的方法，其特征在于薄片状基材是天然云母薄片、合成云母薄片、滑石、高岭土、玻璃薄片、二氧化硅薄片、二氧化钛薄片、铝氧化物薄片或铁氧化物薄片。
4.根据权利要求1-3的一项或多项的方法，其特征在于薄片状基材被一层或多层金属氧化物和/或金属氧化物混合物完全涂覆。
5.根据权利要求1-4的一项或多项的方法，其特征在于薄片状基材被二氧化钛和/或铁氧化物涂覆。
6.根据权利要求1-5的一项或多项的方法，其特征在于效果颜料选自以下提及的颜料的组：
天然云母薄片+TiO2
天然云母薄片+Fe2O3
天然云母薄片+Fe3O4
天然云母薄片+TiO2+Fe2O3
天然云母薄片+TiO2+Fe3O4
天然云母薄片+Fe2O3+TiO2
天然云母薄片+Fe3O4+TiO2
天然云母薄片+TiO2/Fe2O3混合物
天然云母薄片+TiO2/Fe3O4混合物
合成云母薄片+TiO2
合成云母薄片+Fe2O3
合成云母薄片+Fe3O4
合成云母薄片+TiO2+Fe2O3
合成云母薄片+TiO2+Fe3O4
合成云母薄片+Fe2O3+TiO2
合成云母薄片+Fe3O4+TiO2
合成云母薄片+TiO2/Fe2O3混合物
合成云母薄片+TiO2/Fe3O4混合物
SiO2薄片+TiO2
SiO2薄片+Fe2O3
SiO2薄片+Fe3O4
SiO2薄片+TiO2+Fe2O3
SiO2薄片+TiO2+Fe3O4
SiO2薄片+Fe2O3+TiO2
SiO2薄片+Fe3O4+TiO2
SiO2薄片+TiO2/Fe2O3混合物
SiO2薄片+TiO2/Fe3O4混合物
天然云母薄片+TiO2+SiO2+TiO2
天然云母薄片+Fe2O3+SiO2+TiO2
天然云母薄片+TiO2+SiO2+Fe2O3
天然云母薄片+TiO2+SiO2+Fe3O4
天然云母薄片+TiO2/Fe2O3混合物+SiO2+Fe2O3
天然云母薄片+TiO2/Fe2O3混合物+SiO2+TiO2/Fe2O3混合物天然云母薄片+Fe2O3混合物+SiO2+TiO2/Fe2O3混合物
合成云母薄片+TiO2+SiO2+TiO2
合成云母薄片+Fe2O3+SiO2+TiO2
合成云母薄片+TiO2+SiO2+Fe2O3
合成云母薄片+TiO2+SiO2+Fe3O4
合成云母薄片+TiO2/Fe2O3混合物+SiO2+Fe2O3
合成云母薄片+TiO2/Fe2O3混合物+SiO2+TiO2/Fe2O3混合物
合成云母薄片+Fe2O3混合物+SiO2+TiO2/Fe2O3混合物
SiO2薄片+TiO2+SiO2+TiO2
SiO2薄片+Fe2O3+SiO2+TiO2
SiO2薄片+TiO2+SiO2+Fe2O3
SiO2薄片+TiO2+SiO2+Fe3O4
SiO2薄片+TiO2/Fe2O3混合物+SiO2+Fe2O3
SiO2薄片+TiO2/Fe2O3混合物+SiO2+TiO2/Fe2O3混合物
SiO2薄片+Fe2O3混合物+SiO2+TiO2/Fe2O3混合物。
7.根据权利要求1-6的一项或多项的方法，其特征在于基于所述食品，效果颜料以0.01-8wt％的量采用。
8.根据权利要求1-7的一项或多项的方法，其特征在于所述粉状食品选自速溶汤或干汤、速溶饮料、调味品、调味品混合物、烘焙混合物、用于肉制品工业的预混物。
9.粉状食品，其特征在于其包含脂肪、香料、调味品、一种或多种效果颜料和任选的其它原料。
10.速溶汤或干汤，其特征在于其包含干的蔬菜、脂肪、调味品、一种或多种效果颜料和任选的其它原料。
11.根据权利要求10的速溶汤或干汤，其特征在于其是面条汤。
CN201810119964.6A 2017-02-07 2018-02-07 粉状食品的制备和着色 Pending CN108391780A (zh)

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JP2018138018A (ja) 2018-09-06
KR20180091757A (ko) 2018-08-16
CN116530631A (zh) 2023-08-04

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