CN108375770A - A kind of polarimetric calibration method of the full-polarization SAR data based on rotational symmetry - Google Patents
A kind of polarimetric calibration method of the full-polarization SAR data based on rotational symmetry Download PDFInfo
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- CN108375770A CN108375770A CN201810213683.7A CN201810213683A CN108375770A CN 108375770 A CN108375770 A CN 108375770A CN 201810213683 A CN201810213683 A CN 201810213683A CN 108375770 A CN108375770 A CN 108375770A
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
- G01S13/00—Systems using the reflection or reradiation of radio waves, e.g. radar systems; Analogous systems using reflection or reradiation of waves whose nature or wavelength is irrelevant or unspecified
- G01S13/88—Radar or analogous systems specially adapted for specific applications
- G01S13/89—Radar or analogous systems specially adapted for specific applications for mapping or imaging
- G01S13/90—Radar or analogous systems specially adapted for specific applications for mapping or imaging using synthetic aperture techniques, e.g. synthetic aperture radar [SAR] techniques
- G01S13/904—SAR modes
- G01S13/9076—Polarimetric features in SAR
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
- G01S13/00—Systems using the reflection or reradiation of radio waves, e.g. radar systems; Analogous systems using reflection or reradiation of waves whose nature or wavelength is irrelevant or unspecified
- G01S13/88—Radar or analogous systems specially adapted for specific applications
- G01S13/89—Radar or analogous systems specially adapted for specific applications for mapping or imaging
- G01S13/90—Radar or analogous systems specially adapted for specific applications for mapping or imaging using synthetic aperture techniques, e.g. synthetic aperture radar [SAR] techniques
- G01S13/9094—Theoretical aspects
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Abstract
The present invention proposes a kind of polarimetric calibration algorithm being based only upon Area Objects, the algorithm based on the natural feature on a map in radar illumination scene have rotational symmetry this it is assumed that merely with target SAR image data undetermined, pass through mathematical iterations operation and estimate polarimetric calibration parameter.In the process, the known point target information in radar illumination scene need not be utilized.The polarimetric calibration description of test method proposed by the present invention of real data is a kind of polarimetric calibration method of effective full-polarization SAR data.
Description
Technical field：
The present invention relates to the processing of the polarimetric calibration of fully polarization synthetic aperture radar data, belong to radar data and obtain and handle
Technical field.
Background technology：
Polarimetric calibration technology is mainly used for the deviation of amplitude and phase between estimation complete polarization channel, to obtain atural object reality
Collision matrix.It is the committed step for carrying out polarization SAR data application and research, is also correctly to describe earth's surface using measurement data
The basis of object backscattering characteristic.In practical applications, due between the channel of polarization radar antenna presence signal reveal,
So that there is distortion in the collision matrix that radar system measurement obtains.Therefore, in order to extract and using rich included in SAR data
Rich terrestrial object information, it is necessary to be corrected to measuring the distortion in collision matrix, eliminate the influence between different POLARIZATION CHANNELs, restored
The actual collision matrix of atural object.
Currently, existing polarimetric calibration algorithm is roughly divided into following two types：It is mixed based on known point target and based on point face
The scaling algorithm of conjunction.For the former, by the point target (such as triangular corner reflector) artificially laid in image, pole is derived
Change scaling parameter；For the latter, the main information inference scaling parameter for using image itself, but there is still a need for a small amount of point mesh
Mark estimation polarization distortion factor, such as channel imbalance parameter.
In conclusion in current polarimetric calibration algorithm, it is required to point target known to one or more, but a point target
Its near zone can only be calibrated, if to calibrate entire mapping region, needs the distance in mapping band a large amount of to laying
Know point target, causes the consumption of the resources such as a large amount of human and material resources.In addition, when radar photograph occur penetrates scene because landform is multiple
Size miscellaneous that point target or point target lays and the unmatched situation of radar wavelength, then target SAR images undetermined without
Method provides the metrical information of known point target, therefore can not carry out complete polarimetric calibration to it using existing scaling algorithm.
Main contents：
The present invention proposes a kind of polarimetric calibration algorithm being based only upon Area Objects, the algorithm based in radar illumination scene from
Right atural object have rotational symmetry this it is assumed that merely with target SAR image data undetermined, pass through mathematical iterations operation and estimate pole
Change scaling parameter.In the process, the known point target information in radar illumination scene need not be utilized.Due to rotational symmetry
It is to have in the present invention and only assumed condition, the property is described first below, geometric representation is as shown in Fig. 6.
As shown in Fig. 6, electromagnetic wave is propagated along the direction for being parallel to axis L, horizontal polarization baseWith vertical polarization baseHang down
Directly in L axis.After symmetry axis L rotates by a certain angle, the covariance matrix of atural object remains unchanged above-mentioned orthogonal basis.Covariance matrix
Invariance be the relatively straightforward embodiment of rotational symmetry.If a certain atural object has rotational symmetry, then its covariance matrix
Form is as follows：
In formula (1), [C] is the covariance matrix with rotational symmetry；σhhhh、σhhhv、σhhvh、σhhvv、σhvhv、σhvvh
For the element in conventional covariance matrix；Re expressions take real part；Im expressions take imaginary part；Alphabetical i is imaginary unit；Symbol * is indicated
The conjugation of plural number；For convenience of calculation, respectively use α, β, γ,A, the matrix element at B equivalencings same position, such as：α
=σhhhh。
According to formula (1) it is found that there are known restrictive conditions between each element of the covariance matrix with rotational symmetry.This
Invention mainly utilizes these known restrictive conditions, by a kind of loop iteration operation, obtains the estimation of polarimetric calibration parameter
Value.
The present invention proposes a kind of polarimetric calibration algorithm of the full-polarization SAR data based on rotational symmetry, method stream
Journey is as shown in Fig. 1.Generally speaking, it is that average observation covariance matrix is constantly corrected by a kind of mathematical iterations operation, from
And obtain final polarimetric calibration parameter.1 pair of specific steps of the invention is described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings：
Step 1：The foundation of calibration equation group
The common polarimetric calibration model that the present invention is based on is shown below：
In formula, [O], [S] are respectively the measurement collision matrix of atural object and theoretical collision matrix；[R], [T] are respectively to receive
Its line distortion matrix and transmitting antenna distortion matrix.Xij(X∈{O,R,S,T}；Ij ∈ { hh, hv, vh, vv }) representing matrix [X]
In element, subscript i and j indicate respectively receive and transmitted wave polarized state.Using matrix multiplication, formula (2) is arranged：
Wherein,
K=RhhThh (4)
In formula (3-4), f1、f2It is the channel imbalance of reception antenna and transmitting antenna respectively；m1~m4It is the string of antenna
It disturbs；[M] is calibration matrix；K is the overall gain factor (because it does not influence the relativeness between complete polarization channel, therefore below
It is omitted).Compared to collision matrix, there are more functional relations for covariance matrix.Therefore formula (4) is converted into assisting by we
The form of variance matrix, it is specific as follows：
[C]=[O] [O]H∝[M][S][S]H[M]H=[M] [Σ] [M]H (5)
In formula, [C]：Measure covariance matrix；[Σ]：Theoretical covariance matrix；[M]：Calibration matrix；H indicates that conjugation turns
It sets.Dematrix equation (5), the theoretical covariance matrix for obtaining atural object are：
[Σ]=[M]-1[C][M]H-1 (6)
According to hypothesis it is found that if atural object has rotational symmetry, the form of theoretical covariance matrix is fixed.
So convolution (1) and formula (6), it can be deduced that following equation：
In formula (7), the matrix of left end is the general type of covariance matrix；Right end is the association side under rotational symmetry
Poor matrix form.Based on formula (7), it can be deduced that following equation group：
A=Σhvhh,-A=Σvhvv, B=Σvhhh,-B=Σhvvv (8)
Step 2：Initialize the value of channel imbalance
It assumes initially that the value of crosstalk is zero, based on the first four equation in formula (8), channel imbalance can be initialized
Value：
Wherein,
In formula (9-10), function complex (a, b) is a for constructing a real part, and imaginary part is the plural number of b；Function Arg
(*) is used for the main argument of calculated complex *；Cvvvv、Chhhh、Chvhv、Cvhvh、Cvvhh、CvhhvIt is the member in covariance matrix [C]
Element.
Step 3：Correct channel imbalance
Using the corrected value of required channel imbalance, the channel imbalance distortion in observation covariance matrix is corrected, and
Be eliminated the covariance matrix [Σ '] after channel imbalance：
[Σ ']=[F]-1[C][F]H-1 (11)
Wherein, [F]=diag (1, f2,f1,f1f2).Function diag is for constructing a diagonal matrix.
Step 4：Derive the correction Δ of crosstalk.
Based on rear four equations in formula (8), the correction of crosstalk distortion parameter can be obtained：
Wherein,
[Δ]=[Δ m1 Δm2 Δm3 Δm4]T
A=(Σ 'hvhh-Σ'vhvv)/2B=(Σ 'vhhh-Σ'hvvv)/2
Step 5：Correct crosstalk
Using the corrected value of the crosstalk required by step 4, the crosstalk in modified covariance method matrix [Σ '], and obtain covariance
Matrix [Σ "]：
[Σ "]=[D]-1[Σ′][D]H-1 (14)
In formula,
Step 6：Derive the corrected value of channel imbalance
By formula (3) it is found that the compensation of crosstalk influences channel imbalance, therefore observation covariance [C] is replaced with [Σ "],
Derive the corrected value of channel imbalance：
Wherein,
In formula (17), function complex (a, b) is a for constructing a real part, and imaginary part is the plural number of b；Function Arg (*)
Main argument for calculated complex *；Σ″vvvv、Σ″hhhh、Σ″hvhv、Σ″vhvh、Σ″vvhh、Σ″vhhvIt is covariance matrix
Element in [Σ "]；f1″、f2" it is respectively f1And f2Correction.
Step 7：Scale the ratio of crosstalk
Using the corrected value of the channel imbalance required by step 6 the ratio of crosstalk is scaled by formula (18)：
m′1=m1*f1″m′4=m4*f2″m′2=m2/f1″m′3=m3/f2″(18)
In formula (18), m 'i(i ∈ { 1,2,3,4 }) are the crosstalk after proportional zoom；mi(i ∈ { 1,2,3,4 }) contract for ratio
Crosstalk before putting.
Step 8：Judge the convergence of parameter
If scaling parameter determined by above-mentioned steps is restrained, iteration stopping, construction calibration matrix [M]；If parameter
It does not restrain, then repeats step 3~step 7.
Description of the drawings：
Fig. 1 is flow chart of the method for the present invention
Fig. 2 is the channel imbalance before the calibration of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is the channel imbalance after the calibration of the present invention.
Fig. 4 is the polarization crosstalk factor before the calibration of the present invention.
Fig. 5 is the polarization crosstalk factor after the calibration of the present invention.
The geometric representation of Fig. 6 rotational symmetries, straight line L are symmetry axis；WithIt is orthogonal horizontal and vertical for one group
Polarize base；α indicates the angle of rotation.
Specific implementation mode：
1~5 pair of specific implementation of the invention elaborates below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.
Full-polarization SAR data are surveyed by flight to verify the method for the present invention.Used data are 2014
The airborne polarization SAR data of C-band that year obtains, image size are 8000 × 9000 pixels, and distance is respectively to orientation
Both vertically and horizontally.According to one~step 8 of above-mentioned steps, target polarization radar data undetermined, estimating crosstalk are utilized
With the polarimetric calibrations parameter such as channel imbalance, and the polarization distortion in observation data is compensated using identified value, is obtained
Radar data after to calibration.It is as shown in Figures 2 and 3 respectively to calibrate the unbalanced variation of antero-posterior pathway, accordingly it is found that before calibration
Channel imbalance f1Amplitude average value be 1.160, phase average be 44.217 degree；f2Amplitude average value be 1.003, phase
Position average value is -0.036 degree.And after calibrating, the amplitude of two channel imbalances is intended to 1, and phase is intended to 0 degree.Crosstalk
Fluctuation situation it is as shown in Figure 4 and Figure 5.Before calibration, crosstalk m1,m2,m3And m4Amplitude average value be respectively：-17.141dB,-
16.002dB, -16.384dB and -17.144dB；After calibration, the amplitude average value of four crosstalks is respectively：-26.922dB,-
26.721dB, -26.617dB, -26.881dB.Generally speaking, polarimetric calibration processing is carried out to data using the method for the present invention,
Crosstalk levels can be reduced 10dB or so.
In addition to comparing polarimetric calibration parameter, the error of front and back standard corner reflector can also be calibrated by comparing, evaluation is originally
The validity of the polarimetric calibration method of invention, specific data are shown in Table 1.
Table 1
According to table 1 it is found that before calibration, no matter four standard corner reflectors are substantially all are unsatisfactory in amplitude or phases
Theory calls.After calibration, the range error of trihedral corner reflector is less than 0.13dB, and phase error is less than 11.5 °；0 ° of dihedral angle
Range error is less than 0.2dB, and phase error is less than 8.5 °；Similarly, calibration essence of 45 ° of Dihedral Corner Reflectors in amplitude and phase
Degree is respectively：0.1dB and 5 °.For 22.5 ° of dihedral angles, range error between same polarization is less than 0.04dB, cross polarization it
Between range error be less than 0.25dB, the range error between same polarization and cross polarization is slightly bigger than normal, about 2.55dB；In phase
In terms of position, the mutual deviation between tri- POLARIZATION CHANNELs of HH, HV and VH is less than 9 °, and the mutual deviation in arbitrary channel therein and the channels VV is small
In 6 °.To sum up, proposed by the invention in addition to the range error between the same polarization and cross polarization of 22.5 ° of dihedral angles is bigger
Polarimetric calibration algorithm the polarimetric calibration precision that range error is less than 11.5 ° less than 0.25dB and phase error may be implemented.
The polarimetric calibration description of test method proposed by the present invention of real data is a kind of effective full-polarization SAR data
Polarimetric calibration method.
Claims (7)
1. a kind of the step of polarimetric calibration method of the full-polarization SAR data based on rotational symmetry, this method, is as follows：
Step 1：Establish calibration equation group；
Step 2：Initialize the value of channel imbalance；
Step 3：Correct channel imbalance；Using the corrected value of required channel imbalance, correct in observation covariance matrix
Channel imbalance distorts, and the covariance matrix [Σ '] after the channel imbalance that is eliminated；
Step 4：Derive the correction Δ of crosstalk；
Step 5：Correct crosstalk；Using the corrected value of the crosstalk required by step 4, the crosstalk in modified covariance method matrix [Σ '],
And obtain covariance matrix [Σ "]；
Step 6：Derive the corrected value of channel imbalance：The amendment of crosstalk influences channel imbalance, therefore is replaced and seen with [Σ "]
Covariance matrix [C] is surveyed, the corrected value of channel imbalance is derived；
Step 7：Scale the ratio of crosstalk；
Step 8：Judge the convergence of parameter, if scaling parameter determined by above-mentioned steps is restrained, iteration stopping, construction
Calibration matrix [M]；If parameter does not restrain, then step 3~step 7 is repeated.
2. according to the method described in claim 1, the value of the initialization channel imbalance in the step 2 is as follows：
Assuming that the value of crosstalk is zero, it is based on equation α=Σhhhh=Σvvvv, β=Σhvhv=Σvhvh, γ=Σvhhv,Just
The value of beginningization channel imbalance：
Wherein,
In formula, function complex (a, b) is a for constructing a real part, and imaginary part is the plural number of b；Function Arg (*) is for calculating
The main argument of plural *；Cvvvv、Chhhh、Chvhv、Cvhvh、Cvvhh、CvhhvIt is the element in covariance matrix [C].
3. according to the method described in claim 1, covariance matrix [Σ '] is in the step 3：
[Σ ']=[F]-1[C][F]H-1
Wherein, [F]=diag (1, f2,f1,f1f2), function diag is for constructing a diagonal matrix.
4. according to the method described in claim 1, in the step 4 derive crosstalk correction Δ the specific steps are：It is based on
Equation A=Σhvhh,-A=Σvhvv, B=Σvhhh,-B=Σhvvv, obtain the correction of crosstalk distortion parameter：
Wherein,
[Δ]=[Δ m1 Δm2 Δm3 Δm4]T
A=(Σ 'hvhh-Σ'vhvv)/2B=(Σ 'vhhh-Σ'hvvv)/2
In formula, the T representing matrix transposition in subscript
5. according to the method described in claim 1, covariance matrix [Σ "] is in the step 5：
[Σ "]=[D]-1[Σ′][D]H-1
Wherein,
In formula, the H in subscript indicates conjugate transposition；- 1 representing matrix is inverted.
6. according to the method described in claim 1, deriving the specific steps of the corrected value of channel imbalance in the step 6 such as
Under：Observation covariance matrix [C] is replaced with matrix [Σ "], derives the corrected value of channel imbalance：
Wherein,
In formula, function complex (a, b) is a for constructing a real part, and imaginary part is the plural number of b；Function Arg (*) is for calculating
The main argument of plural *；Σ″vvvv、Σ″hhhh、Σ″hvhv、Σ″vhvh、Σ″vvhh、Σ″vhhvIt is in covariance matrix [Σ "]
Element；f″1、f″2Respectively f1And f2Correction.
7. according to the method described in claim 1, the ratio of the scaling crosstalk in the step 7 is as follows：
m′1=m1*f″1m′4=m4*f″2m′2=m2/f″1m′3=m3/f″2
In formula, m 'i(i ∈ { 1,2,3,4 }) are the crosstalk after proportional zoom；mi(i ∈ { 1,2,3,4 }) are the string before proportional zoom
It disturbs.
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| CN111103572A (en) * | 2019-12-25 | 2020-05-05 | 中国科学院遥感与数字地球研究所 | Satellite-borne SAR polarization calibration method and device based on distributed targets |
| CN111948615A (en) * | 2020-06-30 | 2020-11-17 | 中国资源卫星应用中心 | Polarization calibration method and device for satellite-borne fully-polarized SAR data |
| CN115128564A (en) * | 2022-09-02 | 2022-09-30 | 中国科学院空天信息创新研究院 | Method and device for polarization calibration of lunar orbit synthetic aperture radar |
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| CN111948615A (en) * | 2020-06-30 | 2020-11-17 | 中国资源卫星应用中心 | Polarization calibration method and device for satellite-borne fully-polarized SAR data |
| CN111948615B (en) * | 2020-06-30 | 2023-10-31 | 中国资源卫星应用中心 | Polarization calibration method and device for satellite-borne full-polarization SAR data |
| CN115128564A (en) * | 2022-09-02 | 2022-09-30 | 中国科学院空天信息创新研究院 | Method and device for polarization calibration of lunar orbit synthetic aperture radar |
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