CN108373307B - 一种石膏粉及其应用 - Google Patents

一种石膏粉及其应用 Download PDF

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CN108373307B
CN108373307B CN201810031927.XA CN201810031927A CN108373307B CN 108373307 B CN108373307 B CN 108373307B CN 201810031927 A CN201810031927 A CN 201810031927A CN 108373307 B CN108373307 B CN 108373307B
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张吉秀
张晔
刘计康
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Beijing Building Materials Academy of Sciences Research
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    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04BLIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B28/00Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements
    • C04B28/14Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements containing calcium sulfate cements
    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E06DOORS, WINDOWS, SHUTTERS, OR ROLLER BLINDS IN GENERAL; LADDERS
    • E06BFIXED OR MOVABLE CLOSURES FOR OPENINGS IN BUILDINGS, VEHICLES, FENCES OR LIKE ENCLOSURES IN GENERAL, e.g. DOORS, WINDOWS, BLINDS, GATES
    • E06B3/00Window sashes, door leaves, or like elements for closing wall or like openings; Layout of fixed or moving closures, e.g. windows in wall or like openings; Features of rigidly-mounted outer frames relating to the mounting of wing frames
    • E06B3/70Door leaves
    • E06B3/7015Door leaves characterised by the filling between two external panels
    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E06DOORS, WINDOWS, SHUTTERS, OR ROLLER BLINDS IN GENERAL; LADDERS
    • E06BFIXED OR MOVABLE CLOSURES FOR OPENINGS IN BUILDINGS, VEHICLES, FENCES OR LIKE ENCLOSURES IN GENERAL, e.g. DOORS, WINDOWS, BLINDS, GATES
    • E06B5/00Doors, windows, or like closures for special purposes; Border constructions therefor
    • E06B5/10Doors, windows, or like closures for special purposes; Border constructions therefor for protection against air-raid or other war-like action; for other protective purposes
    • E06B5/16Fireproof doors or similar closures; Adaptations of fixed constructions therefor
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04BLIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B2111/00Mortars, concrete or artificial stone or mixtures to prepare them, characterised by specific function, property or use
    • C04B2111/20Resistance against chemical, physical or biological attack
    • C04B2111/28Fire resistance, i.e. materials resistant to accidental fires or high temperatures
    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E06DOORS, WINDOWS, SHUTTERS, OR ROLLER BLINDS IN GENERAL; LADDERS
    • E06BFIXED OR MOVABLE CLOSURES FOR OPENINGS IN BUILDINGS, VEHICLES, FENCES OR LIKE ENCLOSURES IN GENERAL, e.g. DOORS, WINDOWS, BLINDS, GATES
    • E06B3/00Window sashes, door leaves, or like elements for closing wall or like openings; Layout of fixed or moving closures, e.g. windows in wall or like openings; Features of rigidly-mounted outer frames relating to the mounting of wing frames
    • E06B3/70Door leaves
    • E06B3/7015Door leaves characterised by the filling between two external panels
    • E06B2003/7036Door leaves characterised by the filling between two external panels of plaster

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  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
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  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
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  • Building Environments (AREA)

Abstract

本发明涉及一种石膏粉及其应用。所述石膏粉包括如下重量份的成分:α石膏100份、增强剂1‑3份、体积稳定剂1‑3份、凝结时间调节剂0‑1份、稳泡剂0.1‑1份、防水剂0.1‑4份、增韧剂0.1‑1份。所述石膏粉具有初凝时间和终凝时间均较短,绝干抗压强度高,吸水率低等优点。采用该石膏粉制得的防火门芯板可以克服菱镁类防火门芯板的缺陷,同时利用石膏粉在高温条件下释放结晶水的特性来提高门芯板的耐火性,所述门芯板具有非常好的防火、环保等特性。

Description

一种石膏粉及其应用
技术领域
本发明属于结构材料领域,具体涉及一种石膏粉及其应用。
背景技术
防火门的填充材料以前一般使用蛭石、硅酸铝纤维、岩棉、膨胀珍珠岩板材。公安部消防局规定,岩棉和硅酸铝材料由于粉尘污染,严重危害人们的身体健康,从2009年1月1日开始强制淘汰岩棉、硅酸铝(门芯)材料。目前,符合防火门质量及生产工艺要求的门芯材料首选菱镁防火门芯板。
菱镁防火门芯板是以氯化镁、轻烧氧化镁、玻璃纤维布、合成纤维、改性剂、泡沫剂和水为原料,采用平模或立模制成的板材,密度在290kg/m3~450kg/m3,可以达到防火门质量及应用要求。
然而菱镁类防火门芯板有其自身缺陷:一、菱镁材料吸水吸潮后与金属发生化学反应,出现返卤返潮,锈蚀门板,导致烂门烂芯,影响使用寿命;二、板体粉化、泥化,强度衰减;三、吸水性强,吃胶严重,导致用胶成本增加,甚至出现门板脱胶空鼓;四、耐火性能差,芯材质量烧失率过高。如遇高温明火燃烧,则更会产生剧毒浓烟和致命的氯气。
发明内容
为了解决上述技术问题,本发明提出以α石膏粉作为主要原材料配以特定助剂,制得一种性能更佳的石膏粉;所述石膏粉具有初凝时间和终凝时间均较短,绝干抗压强度高,吸水率低等优点。采用该石膏粉制得的防火门芯板可以克服菱镁类防火门芯板的缺陷,同时利用石膏粉在高温条件下释放结晶水的特性来提高门芯板的耐火性;所述门芯板具有非常好的防火、环保等特性。
本发明采用如下技术方案实现上述目的的:
一种石膏粉,包括如下重量份的成分:α石膏100份、增强剂1-3份、体积稳定剂1-3份、凝结时间调节剂0-1份、稳泡剂0.1-1份、防水剂0.1-4份、增韧剂0.1-1份。
优选地,所述石膏粉包括如下重量份的成分:α石膏100份、增强剂2-3份、体积稳定剂1-2份、凝结时间调节剂0.01-0.02份、稳泡剂0.1-0.2份、防水剂0.1-3份、增韧剂0.1-0.2份。
下面对石膏粉中各成分做进一步说明:
所述α石膏是以脱硫石膏为原料,采用蒸压法或液相法制备得到的;优选地,所述α石膏是二水石膏(CaSO4·2H2O)在饱和水蒸气介质中溶解和重结晶得到的半水石膏(α-CaSO4·1/2H2O)。在制备半水石膏过程中,通过控制压力等条件,可获得干抗压强度在45MPa以上的α石膏。所述α石膏的干抗压强度为45~60MPa,粒度为0.1~100μm,平均粒径为10~12μm。采用本发明所述的α石膏能够保证制得的防火门芯板成型后具有良好的机械强度。
所述增强剂选自P.O.525水泥(白水泥)和/或矿粉。通过改变水化产物,可提高防火门芯板早期抗折强度和后期抗压强度。
所述体积稳定剂选自水泥强度等级为42.5-52.5的硫铝酸盐水泥、高铝水泥、膨胀剂中的一种或多种。通过生成膨胀类物质钙矾石,来克服因干燥失水导致的体积收缩的缺陷,从而提升水化产物的体积稳定性。
所述凝结时间调节剂选自柠檬酸、酒石酸、磷酸盐、缓凝剂或促凝剂中的一种或几种。其中,所述缓凝剂是一种降低水泥或石膏水化速度和水化热、延长凝结时间的添加剂,可市售购买得到,例如市售的石膏缓凝剂。所述促凝剂选自氧化钙、硫酸钠、硫酸钾中的一种或多种。
所述凝结时间调节剂的掺量受很多因素影响,包括:石膏初凝时间、使用温度、调节剂种类等等,实际生产过程中可根据具体情况做试配,以确定掺量;在本发明中,优选所述凝结时间调节剂掺入量为0.01-0.03份。本发明通过添加所述凝结时间调节剂,既延长了初凝时间,保证了可操作性,又缩短了终凝时间,加快拆模和模具周转,提高生产效率。
所述稳泡剂为非离子表面活性剂,如硅酮酰胺、十二烷基苯磺酸钠等;可用于避免防火门芯板制备过程中塌模现象,保证板材的成品率。
所述防水剂选自乳化石蜡和/或硅烷类防水剂。在保证强度的前提下,防水剂的添加可提高石膏的防水性,降低吸潮,提高软化系数。
所述增韧剂选自改性聚丙烯短纤维或短玻璃纤维,长度为3~19mm。
本发明还提供一种防火门芯板,是由上述石膏粉制得。所述防火门芯板的制备可采用本领域技术人员所掌握的门芯板常规制备工艺即可,本发明对此不作特别限定。
本发明的有益效果在于:
本发明所述石膏粉是以α石膏为基础原料,配以特定的增强剂、稳定剂、凝结时间调节剂、稳泡剂、防水剂及增韧剂混合,从而得到一种优质防火门芯板原料粉,其具有初凝时间和终凝时间短,绝干抗压强度高,吸水率低等优点。采用所述的石膏粉生产出的防火门芯板,具有较好的强度和防火性能,同时具有较低的体积变化率,大幅度提高防火门芯板的性能。
具体实施方式
以下实施例用于说明本发明,但不用来限制本发明的范围。
实施例中使用的α石膏为北京建筑科学研究总院生产的产品,干抗压强度50MPa。粒度0.1~100μm,平均粒径为10~12μm。
改性聚丙烯短纤维购自长沙市博赛特建筑工程材料有限公司,长度为3~19mm。
实施例1:
一种用于防火门芯板制作的石膏粉,由如下重量份的成分组成:α石膏100份、增强剂P.O 52.5白水泥3份、体积稳定剂52.5硫铝酸盐水泥1份、凝结时间调节剂柠檬酸0.01份、稳泡剂硅酮酰胺0.1份、防水剂乳化石蜡3份、增韧剂短玻璃纤维0.1份。
实施例2:
一种用于防火门芯板制作的石膏粉,由如下重量份的成分组成:α石膏100份、增强剂P.O 52.5白水泥3份、体积稳定剂52.5硫铝酸盐水泥1份、凝结时间调节剂柠檬酸0.01份、稳泡剂十二烷基苯磺酸钠0.1份、硅烷类防水剂0.2份、增韧剂短玻璃纤维0.1份。
对比例1
以现有菱镁防火门芯的原料粉末为对比例,具体配方为:以重量份计,氯化镁85份、轻烧氧化镁100份、菱镁水泥改性剂(购自济南杰美菱镁科技发展有限公司)1份;
对实施例1、实施例2和对比例1的原料粉末进行性能测试,结果如表1所示。
表1:用于制备防火门芯板的原料粉末的性能测试结果
Figure BDA0001546767510000041
由表1可知,采用本发明所述方案制得的石膏粉实施例1、实施例2相比现有的菱镁防火门芯的原料粉末具有初凝时间和终凝时间均较短,绝干抗压强度高,吸水率低等优点。
虽然,上文中已经用一般性说明及具体实施方案对本发明作了详尽的描述,但在本发明基础上,可以对之作一些修改或改进,这对本领域技术人员而言是显而易见的。因此,在不偏离本发明精神的基础上所做的这些修改或改进,均属于本发明要求保护的范围。

Claims (2)

1.一种石膏粉,其特征在于,由如下重量份的成分组成:α石膏100份、增强剂2-3份、体积稳定剂1-2份、凝结时间调节剂0.01-0.02份、稳泡剂0.1-0.2份、防水剂0.1-3份、增韧剂0.1-0.2份;
所述α石膏为半水石膏,所述α石膏的干抗压强度为45~60MPa,平均粒径为10~12μm;
所述增强剂选自P.O.52.5白水泥;
所述体积稳定剂选自水泥强度等级为42.5-52.5的硫铝酸盐水泥;
所述凝结时间调节剂选自柠檬酸;
所述防水剂为乳化石蜡和/或硅烷类防水剂;
所述增韧剂为改性聚丙烯短纤维或短玻璃纤维,长度为3~19mm;
所述稳泡剂为硅酮酰胺和/或十二烷基苯磺酸钠。
2.一种防火门芯板,其特征在于,由权利要求1所述的石膏粉的原料制得。
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CN103626458A (zh) * 2012-08-22 2014-03-12 北京建筑材料科学研究总院有限公司 一种轻质石膏基防火门芯板的制备方法
CN105347768A (zh) * 2015-11-03 2016-02-24 北京建筑材料科学研究总院有限公司 压力注浆模具用石膏粉
CN106800401A (zh) * 2017-01-13 2017-06-06 河北睿索固废工程技术研究院有限公司 一种以钼尾矿作为填料的石膏基自流平砂浆

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN103626458A (zh) * 2012-08-22 2014-03-12 北京建筑材料科学研究总院有限公司 一种轻质石膏基防火门芯板的制备方法
CN105347768A (zh) * 2015-11-03 2016-02-24 北京建筑材料科学研究总院有限公司 压力注浆模具用石膏粉
CN106800401A (zh) * 2017-01-13 2017-06-06 河北睿索固废工程技术研究院有限公司 一种以钼尾矿作为填料的石膏基自流平砂浆

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