CN108346843B - 带电池附接部件的电动车辆电池组 - Google Patents

带电池附接部件的电动车辆电池组 Download PDF

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CN108346843B
CN108346843B CN201810052197.1A CN201810052197A CN108346843B CN 108346843 B CN108346843 B CN 108346843B CN 201810052197 A CN201810052197 A CN 201810052197A CN 108346843 B CN108346843 B CN 108346843B
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attachment member
heat exchanger
battery
battery assembly
exchanger plate
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CN108346843A (zh
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帕克斯·丹尼尔·马奎尔
白亨珉
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Ford Global Technologies LLC
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    • H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
    • H01M10/62—Heating or cooling; Temperature control specially adapted for specific applications
    • H01M10/625—Vehicles
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
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    • H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
    • H01M10/65—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells
    • H01M10/655—Solid structures for heat exchange or heat conduction
    • H01M10/6554—Rods or plates
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    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
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    • Y10S903/904—Component specially adapted for hev
    • Y10S903/907—Electricity storage, e.g. battery, capacitor

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Abstract

一种电池组包括具有第一附接部件的热交换器板和具有第二附接部件的电池总成，第二附接部件被配置为在电池总成被移动抵靠热交换器板时接合第一附接部件，以将电池总成热连接到热交换器板。

Description

带电池附接部件的电动车辆电池组
技术领域
本公开涉及用于电动车辆的电池组。示例性电池组包括外壳、电池总成和热交换器板。外壳、电池总成和热交换器板中的至少两个可以包括用于将电池总成机械地固定到外壳并且将电池总成热连接到热交换器板的附接部件。
背景技术
降低机动车燃料消耗和排放的需求众所周知。因此，正在开发减少或完全消除对内燃发动机的依赖的车辆。目前正在为此目的开发电动车辆。通常，电动车辆与传统的机动车辆不同，因为它们通过一个或多个电池供电的电机选择性地驱动。相比之下，传统的机动车辆完全依靠内燃发动机来驱动车辆。
高压电池组通常为电动车辆的电机和其他电负载供电。电池组包括存储用于为这些电力负载供电的能量的多个电池单元。电池单元在充电和放电操作期间释放热量。通常希望消耗来自电池组的热量以改善电池单元的容量和寿命。通常被称为“冷板”的热交换器板可以用于此目的。电池单元与热交换器板之间的间隙会降低热交换器板的热效率。
发明内容
一种根据本公开示例性方面的电池组包括具有第一附接部件的热交换器板和具有第二附接部件的电池总成，该第二附接部件被配置为在电池总成被移动抵靠热交换器板时接合第一附接部件以将电池总成热连接到热交换器板。
在前述电池组的进一步的非限制性实施例中，第一附接部件包括夹臂，并且第二附接部件包括孔。
在任何前述电池组的进一步的非限制性实施例中，夹臂的钩部分被接收在孔中。
在任何前述电池组的进一步的非限制性实施例中，钩部分的悬伸表面邻接围绕孔的表面。
在任何前述电池组的进一步的非限制性实施例中，夹臂从热交换器板的外表面向上突出，并且孔被形成在电池总成的侧壁中。
在任何前述电池组的进一步的非限制性实施例中，第一附接部件可在第一附接部件与第二附接部件接合的第一位置和第一附接部件与第二附接部件分离的第二位置之间挠曲。
在任何前述电池组的进一步的非限制性实施例中，第一附接部件是狭槽并且第二附接部件是夹臂。
在任何前述电池组的进一步的非限制性实施例中，狭槽被形成为穿过热交换器板，并且夹臂从电池总成的侧壁突出。
在任何前述电池组的进一步的非限制性实施例中，夹臂的钩部分穿过狭槽被接收。
在任何前述电池组的进一步的非限制性实施例中，钩部分的悬伸表面抵靠热交换器板的凸缘。
在任何前述电池组的进一步非限制性实施例中，热交换器板被接收为抵靠外壳的部分。
在任何前述电池组的进一步的非限制性实施例中，所述部分是托盘，并且热交换器板被接收为抵靠托盘的底板。
在任何前述电池组的进一步的非限制性实施例中，外壳的所述部分包括被配置为接合电池总成的第四附接部件的第三附接部件。
在任何前述电池组的进一步的非限制性实施例中，第三附接部件包括夹臂，并且第四附接部件包括形成在电池总成的侧壁中的孔。
一种根据本公开的另一个示例性方面的方法包括在电池总成被移动到与热交换器板接触时，将电池总成和热交换器板中的一个上的第一附接部件与电池总成和热交换器板中的另一个上的第二附接部件接合。
在前述方法的进一步的非限制性实施例中，第一附接部件是电池总成的夹臂，并且第二附接部件是热交换器板的狭槽。
在任何前述方法的进一步的非限制性实施例中，第一附接部件是热交换器板的夹臂，并且第二附接部件是形成在电池总成的侧壁中的孔。
在任何前述方法的进一步的非限制性实施例中，方法包括在第二电池总成被移动到与热交换器板接触时，将第二电池总成和热交换器板中的一个上的第三附接部件与第二电池总成和热交换器板中的另一个上的第四附接部件接合。
在任何前述方法的进一步的非限制性实施例中，第三附接部件是第二电池总成的夹臂，并且第四附接部件是热交换器板的狭槽。
在任何前述方法的进一步的非限制性实施例中，第三附接部件是热交换器板的夹臂，并且第四附接部件是形成在第二电池总成的侧壁中的孔。
前面的段落、权利要求或者下面描述和附图中的实施例、示例和替代方案，包括它们的各个方面或者各个单独的特征中的任何一个，可以单独地或者以任何组合方式采用。结合一个实施例描述的特征适用于所有实施例，除非这些特征不兼容。
本公开的各种特征和优点根据下面的详细描述对于本领域的技术人员将变得显而易见。伴随详细描述的附图可以简要描述如下。
附图说明
图1示意性地示出了电动车辆的动力传动***；
图2示出了电动车辆的电池组；
图3示出了图2的电池组的外壳的选择部分；
图4示出了被接收为抵靠图3的外壳的部分的热交换器板；
图5示出了另一个示例性热交换器板；
图6A和6B示意性地示出了图2的电池组的附接部件；
图7A和7B示意性地示出了图6A、6B的附接部件的附加部件；
图8示出了另一个示例性电池组；
图9示出了又一个示例性电池组。
具体实施方式
本公开详述了用于电动车辆内的各种电池组设计。在第一非限制性实施例中，电池组包括外壳、外壳内的热交换器板以及抵靠热交换器板定位的电池总成。电池总成的第一附接部件穿过热交换器板的狭槽被接收，以将电池总成固定到外壳。在另一个非限制性实施例中，热交换器板的第一附接部件接合电池总成的第二附接部件，以在两个部件被移动抵靠在一起时将电池总成热连接到热交换器板。在这个详细描述的以下段落中将更详细地讨论这些和其他部件。
图1示意性地示出了用于电动车辆12的动力传动***10。尽管被描绘为混合动力电动车辆(HEV)，但应当理解的是，本文描述的概念不限于HEV并且可以延伸到其他电动车辆，包括但不限于，插电式混合动力电动车辆(PHEV)、电池电动车辆(BEV)、燃料电池车辆等。
在一个非限制性实施例中，动力传动***10是采用第一和第二驱动***的动力分配动力传动***。第一驱动***包括发动机14和发电机18(即，第一电机)的组合。第二驱动***至少包括马达22(即，第二电机)、发电机18和电池组24。在该示例中，第二驱动***被认为是动力传动***10的电驱动***。第一和第二驱动***生产扭矩以驱动电动车辆12的一组或多组车辆驱动轮28。虽然图1中描绘了动力分配结构，但是本公开延伸到任何混合动力车辆或电动车辆，包括全混合动力车辆、并联混合动力车辆、串联混合动力车辆、轻度混合动力车辆或者微混合动力车辆。
发动机14(其可以是内燃发动机)和发电机18可以通过动力传递单元30(例如行星齿轮组)连接。当然，其他类型的动力传递单元(包括其他齿轮组和变速器)可以用于将发动机14连接到发电机18。在一个非限制性实施例中，动力传递单元30是行星齿轮组，该行星齿轮组包括环形齿轮32、中心齿轮34和托架总成36。
发电机18可以由发动机14通过动力传递单元30来驱动以将动能转化为电能。发电机18可以替代地用作马达以将电能转换成动能，由此将扭矩输出到连接到动力传递单元30的轴38。因为发电机18可操作地连接到发动机14，所以发动机14的速度可以通过发电机18来控制。
动力传递单元30的环形齿轮32可以被连接到轴40，轴40通过第二动力传递单元44被连接到车辆驱动轮28。第二动力传递单元44可以包括具有多个齿轮46的齿轮组。其他动力传递单元也可以是合适的。齿轮46将扭矩从发动机14传递到差速器48，以最终将牵引力提供给车辆驱动轮28。差速器48可以包括能够将扭矩传递到车辆驱动轮28的多个齿轮。在一个非限制性实施例中，第二动力传递单元44通过差速器48被机械地连接到车轴50以将扭矩分配到车辆驱动轮28。
马达22也可以被用于通过向也被连接到第二动力传递单元44的轴52输出扭矩来驱动车辆驱动轮28。在一个非限制性实施例中，马达22和发电机18作为再生制动***的一部分进行协作，其中马达22和发电机18二者都可以用作马达来输出扭矩。例如，马达22和发电机18可以分别向电池组24输出电力。
电池组24是示例性的电动车辆电池。电池组24可以是高压牵引电池组，该高压牵引电池组包括能够输出电力以操作马达22、发电机18和/或电动车辆12的其他电负载的多个电池总成25(即，电池阵列或电池单元组)。也可以使用其它类型的能量存储设备和/或输出设备来为电动车辆12供电。
在一个非限制性实施例中，电动车辆12具有两个基本操作模式。电动车辆12可以以电动车辆(EV)模式来操作，其中马达22(通常在没有来自发动机14的帮助的情况下)被用于车辆推进，由此将电池组24的荷电状态消耗到其在一定的驾驶模式/循环下最大允许放电率。EV模式是电动车辆12的电量消耗操作模式的示例。在EV模式期间，电池组24的荷电状态可以在一些情况下(例如由于再生制动的时间段)提高。发动机14在默认EV模式下通常是关闭的，但是可以基于车辆***状态或者根据操作者的许可而根据需要进行操作。
电动车辆12可以额外地以混合动力(HEV)模式来操作，其中发动机14和马达22二者都用于车辆推进。HEV模式是电动车辆12的电荷维持操作模式的示例。在HEV模式期间，电动车辆12可以减少马达22的推进使用，以便通过增大发动机14的推进来将电池组24的荷电状态保持恒定或近似恒定的水平。在本公开的范围内，除了EV和HEV模式之外，电动车辆12还可以以其他操作模式来操作。
图2示出了可以在电动车辆内使用的电池组24。例如，电池组24可以是图1的电动车辆12的部件。电池组24包括存储用于给电动车辆12的各种电力负载供电的电力的多个电池单元56。尽管特定数量的电池单元56在图2中示出，电池组24可以在本公开的范围内采用更多或更少数量的电池单元。换句话说，本公开不限于图2中所示的确切结构。
电池单元56可以沿着纵向轴线A并排堆叠以构建一组或多组电池单元56，有时称为“电池堆”。电池组24可以包括单独的一组或多组电池单元56。电池单元56可以包括任何几何形状(棱柱形、圆柱形、袋形等)和/或任何化学制品(锂离子、镍金属氢化物、铅酸等)。
电池单元56连同任何支撑结构(例如，框架、间隔件、导轨、壁、板、固定装置等)可以统称为电池总成25。每个电池总成25的电池单元56通过相对的侧壁57和端壁59相对于彼此保持。虽然图2的电池组24被描绘为包括两个电池总成25，但是电池组24可以包括本公开范围内的更多或更少数量的电池总成。另外，虽然被描述为在电池组24内部纵向延伸，但是电池总成25也可以被设置为在电池组24内横向延伸。
外壳60容纳电池组24的每个电池总成25。外壳60是至少包括托盘62的密封外壳。虽然未示出，但是可以将盖固定到托盘62以封闭和密封电池组24的电池总成25。外壳60可以是基于聚合物的外壳，例如热塑性塑料或热固性塑料。示例性外壳是均匀的或纯的热塑性塑料。其他示例可以包括具有结构纤维和/或填料的其他类型的热塑性塑料和热固性塑料。
电池组24可以附加地包括热交换器板64。热交换器板64被定位在托盘62和电池总成25之间。在一个非限制性实施例中，每个电池总成25的底表面直接与热交换器板64接触。在一个非限制性实施例中，热交换器板64由铝制成。然而，热交换器板64可以由任何传导材料制成，包括任何金属传导材料或聚合物传导材料。
热交换器板64配备有用于对每个电池总成25的电池单元56进行热管理的部件。例如，电池单元56可以在充电操作、放电操作、极端环境条件或者其他条件下产生和释放热量。可能需要从电池组24中移除由电池单元56产生的热量以改善电池单元56的寿命。热交换器板64被配置为将热量从电池单元56导出。换句话说，热交换器板64充当散热器以从热源(即，电池单元56)移除热量。热交换器板64可以替代地用于加热电池单元56，例如在极冷的环境条件下。
图3和图4示出了图2的电池组24的附加部件。图3示出了外壳60的托盘62，为了清楚起见移除了热交换器板64和电池总成25，并且图4示出了托盘62和热交换器板64之间的关系，为了清楚起见移除了电池总成25。
首先参照图3，托盘62总体包括从底板68延伸的侧壁66。托盘62可以附加地包括多个第一附接部件70A、70B，该多个第一附接部件70A、70B接合电池总成25的第二附接部件72以将电池总成25固定到外壳60(例如，如图2所示)。第一附接部件70A、70B一体地形成为托盘62的部件。例如，第一附接部件70A、70B可以与托盘62的其他部分一起模制。
第一附接部件70A、70B可以以外壳60内的一排或多排来布置。在一个非限制性实施例中，第一附接部件70A从托盘62的侧壁66向上突出，并且第一附接部件70B从托盘62的底板68的一部分向上突出。在另一个非限制性实施例中，第一附接部件70A大体沿着电池总成25将驻留的位置的外周边来定位，而第一附接部件70B大体被定位成更靠近托盘62的内部。
现在主要参照图3和图4，热交换器板64可以被定位成抵靠托盘62的底板68。在安装位置，电池总成25都搁置在热交换器板64的顶部(如如，图2所示)。换句话说，热交换器板64被配置为对电池组24的两个电池总成25进行热管理。
流体可以通过热交换器板64中的内部通道或腔室来循环以管理电池总成25的热能水平。热交换器板64包括可以将流体流通到内部通道并且将流体从内部通道流出的入口76和出口78。来自电池单元56的热量从电池单元传出并进入热交换器板64，并且然后对流进入流体以从电池单元56移除热量。在一个非限制性实施例中，入口76和出口78位于电池总成25的端壁59附近(参见例如图2)。在另一个非限制性实施例中，热交换器板64的入口76和出口78位于电池总成的一侧，或者邻近电池总成25中的一个的侧壁57(参见例如图5)。
图6A和6B(继续参照图2-5)示出了用于将电池总成25固定到电池组24的外壳60的第一附接部件70A、70B和第二附接部件72之间的关系。图6A示出了与电池总成25的第二附接部件72接合的第一附接部件70A，而图6B示出了与电池总成25的第二附接部件72接合的第一附接部件70B。将第一附接部件70A设置在托盘62的周边并且将第一附接部件70B设置在托盘62的内部使得能够将电池总成25保持在两个侧壁57处，包括朝向相邻的电池总成的朝向内部的侧壁(例如，如图2中最佳示出的)。
首先参照图6A，第一附接部件70A可以包括具有半箭头头部轮廓的夹臂74。特别地，第一附接部件70A的夹臂74从托盘62的侧壁66延伸并且包括具有面向托盘62的底板68的悬伸表面82的钩部分81。第二附接部件72可以通过设置在电池总成25的侧壁57内的孔84或狭缝来提供。在电池总成25处于图2所示的安装位置时，第一附接部件70A接合相应的一个第二附接部件72，使得钩部分81延伸到孔84中并且悬伸表面82抵靠在第二附接部件72的围绕孔84的表面86上。虽然被示出在侧壁57中，但是第二附接部件72可以替代地形成在电池总成25的端壁59中。
现在参照图6B，第一附接部件70B还可以包括具有半箭头头部轮廓的夹臂74，并且第二附接部件72可以通过附加孔84来提供。第一附接部件70B从托盘62的底板68延伸并且延伸穿过热交换器板64的狭槽80。狭槽80在图6B中以横截面示出；然而，图4中示出了狭槽80的透视图。热交换器板64可以包括一个或多个狭槽80，用于容纳穿过热交换器板64的第一附接部件70B。
在电池总成25处于图2中所示的安装位置时，第一附接部件70B的夹臂74延伸穿过狭槽80并且可以各自接合相应的一个第二附接部件72，使得钩部分81延伸到孔84中并且悬伸表面82抵靠在第二附接部件72的围绕孔84的表面86上。
第一附接部件70A、70B各自可在第一和第二位置之间挠曲，以简化它们与第二附接部件72的接合。例如，如图7A所示，电池总成25中的一个在方向D上朝向托盘62的底板68的移动使得电池总成25沿着第一附接部件70A、70B的钩部分81的倾斜表面88滑动，这利用了热塑性材料的柔性并且迫使第一附接部件70A、70B在方向D1上远离电池总成25向外弯曲。电池总成25的侧壁57的初始接触倾斜表面88的底部边缘可以朝向电池总成25的轴向中心向内弯曲或倾斜，以便于侧壁57沿着倾斜表面88移动。随着电池总成25继续在方向D上移动，悬伸表面82最终与第二附接部件72对齐。
如图7B所示，在对齐时，第一附接部件70A、70B在方向D2上向后卡入第二附接部件72，以使得第一附接部件70A、70B返回到未弯曲的位置。第一附接部件70A、70B的悬伸表面82然后抵靠在第二附接部件72的表面86上。悬伸表面82和表面86之间的接触抵抗电池总成25远离底板68的移动并且将热交换器板64保持在电池总成25和托盘62之间的适当位置。
图8是另一个示例性电池组124的横截面图。电池组124包括托盘162、热交换器板164和一个或多个电池总成(在此，第一电池总成125A和第二电池总成125B)。在组装位置，电池总成125A、125B都搁置在热交换器板164的顶部上。
在该示例性实施例中，电池总成125A、125B包括与热交换器板164的第二附接部件172接合的多个第一附接部件170，第一附接部件170用于将电池总成125A、125B相对于热交换器板164固定。第一附接部件170可以配置为具有半箭头头部轮廓的夹臂174，并且第二附接部件172可以通过穿过热交换器板164或热交换器板164的边缘而形成的狭槽180来提供。第一附接部件170从每个电池总成125A、125B的侧壁157延伸并且延伸穿过热交换器板64的狭槽180。一旦穿过狭槽180，第一附接部件170可以分别接合相应的一个第二附接部件172使得夹臂174的悬伸表面182抵靠第二附接部件172的凸缘190。凸缘190可以通过在热交换器板164中形成的凹部192来建立。凹部192有助于建立热交换器板164的内部通道194。附加的第一附接部件170可以以如上所述的类似方式来接合位于热交换器板164的外周处的附加凸缘190。或者，托盘162的附加附接部件(例如，类似于图2-6A的特征70A)可以接合位于热交换器板164的外周边处的凸缘190。在这样的实施例中，托盘162、热交换器板164和电池总成125中的每个可以包括用于将电池总成125固定到托盘162以及将电池总成125热连接到热交换器板164的附接部件。
图9示出了又一个示例性电池组224的部分。电池组224包括托盘262、热交换器板264以及定位成接触热交换板264的至少一个电池总成225。在该示例性实施例，热交换器板264包括第一附接部件270，该第一附接部件270被配置为接合电池总成225的第二附接部件272，以将电池总成225相对于热交换器板264来固定。第一附接部件270可以通过夹臂274来提供并且第二附接部件272可以通过孔284来提供。第一附接部件270的夹臂274从热交换器板264的外表面299向上突出并且包括具有面向托盘262的悬伸表面282的钩部分281。第二附接部件272可以通过设置在电池总成225的侧壁257内的孔284或狭缝来提供。在电池总成225处于图9中所示的安装位置时，第一附接部件270接合第二附接部件272，使得钩部分281延伸到孔284中并且悬伸表面282抵靠在第二附接部件272的围绕孔284的表面286上。
尽管将不同的非限制性实施例示出为具有特定的部件或步骤，但是本公开的实施例不限于这些特定的组合。可以使用任何非限制性实施例的一些特征或部件与任何其它非限制性实施例的特征或部件来结合。
应当理解的是，相同的附图标记在若干附图中标识对应的或相似的元件。应当理解的是，尽管在这些示例性实施例中公开和示出了特定的部件布置，但是其它布置也可以从本公开的教导受益。
前面的描述应当被解释为说明性的而不是限制性的。本领域的普通技术人员将理解的是，某些修改可以落入本公开的范围内。出于这些原因，应研究以下权利要求以确定本公开的真实范围和内容。

Claims (8)

1. 一种电池组，包含：
具有第一附接部件的热交换器板；和
具有第二附接部件的电池总成，所述第二附接部件被配置为在所述电池总成被移动抵靠所述热交换器板时接合所述第一附接部件，以将所述电池总成热连接到所述热交换器板；
其中所述热交换器板被接收为抵靠外壳的部分；以及
其中所述部分是托盘并且所述热交换器板被接收为抵靠所述托盘的底板，并且其中所述外壳的所述部分包括被配置为接合所述电池总成的第四附接部件的第三附接部件，并且其中所述第三附接部件包括夹臂，并且所述第四附接部件包括形成在所述电池总成的侧壁中的孔；其中，所述热交换器板包括一个或多个狭槽，所述第三附接部件从所述托盘的底板延伸并穿过所述一个或多个狭槽并接合相应的所述第四附接部件。
2.根据权利要求1所述的电池组，其中所述第一附接部件包括夹臂，并且所述第二附接部件包括孔。
3.根据权利要求2所述的电池组，其中所述夹臂的钩部分被接收在所述孔中，并且其中所述钩部分的悬伸表面邻接围绕所述孔的表面。
4.根据权利要求2所述的电池组，其中所述夹臂从所述热交换器板的外表面向上突出，并且所述孔被形成在所述电池总成的侧壁中。
5.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的电池组，其中所述第一附接部件可在所述第一附接部件与所述第二附接部件接合的第一位置和所述第一附接部件与所述第二附接部件分离的第二位置之间挠曲。
6.根据权利要求1所述的电池组，其中所述第一附接部件是狭槽并且所述第二附接部件是夹臂。
7.根据权利要求6所述的电池组，其中所述狭槽被形成为穿过所述热交换器板并且所述夹臂从所述电池总成的侧壁突出，并且其中所述夹臂的钩部分穿过所述狭槽被接收。
8.根据权利要求7所述的电池组，其中所述钩部分的悬伸表面抵靠所述热交换器板的凸缘。
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