CN108343765B - Explosion type valve, application thereof and method for improving energy conversion efficiency - Google Patents
Explosion type valve, application thereof and method for improving energy conversion efficiency Download PDFInfo
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- CN108343765B CN108343765B CN201810114533.0A CN201810114533A CN108343765B CN 108343765 B CN108343765 B CN 108343765B CN 201810114533 A CN201810114533 A CN 201810114533A CN 108343765 B CN108343765 B CN 108343765B
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- 238000004880 explosion Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 215
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 25
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 13
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 107
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 21
- 230000003068 static effect Effects 0.000 claims description 12
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000002360 explosive Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 82
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 11
- 238000005474 detonation Methods 0.000 description 8
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000002737 fuel gas Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005381 potential energy Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000002912 waste gas Substances 0.000 description 2
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Chemical compound O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 235000015842 Hesperis Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000012633 Iberis amara Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000295 fuel oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000035876 healing Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003116 impacting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005398 intermolecular potential Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000013011 mating Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 230000002441 reversible effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002459 sustained effect Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16K—VALVES; TAPS; COCKS; ACTUATING-FLOATS; DEVICES FOR VENTING OR AERATING
- F16K17/00—Safety valves; Equalising valves, e.g. pressure relief valves
- F16K17/20—Excess-flow valves
- F16K17/22—Excess-flow valves actuated by the difference of pressure between two places in the flow line
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16K—VALVES; TAPS; COCKS; ACTUATING-FLOATS; DEVICES FOR VENTING OR AERATING
- F16K17/00—Safety valves; Equalising valves, e.g. pressure relief valves
- F16K17/20—Excess-flow valves
- F16K17/22—Excess-flow valves actuated by the difference of pressure between two places in the flow line
- F16K17/24—Excess-flow valves actuated by the difference of pressure between two places in the flow line acting directly on the cutting-off member
- F16K17/28—Excess-flow valves actuated by the difference of pressure between two places in the flow line acting directly on the cutting-off member operating in one direction only
- F16K17/30—Excess-flow valves actuated by the difference of pressure between two places in the flow line acting directly on the cutting-off member operating in one direction only spring-loaded
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- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Safety Valves (AREA)
- Lift Valve (AREA)
Abstract
The invention provides an explosion type valve, which comprises an air source chamber, an expansion explosion chamber and a flow guide pipe which are sequentially connected, wherein an air inlet hole is formed between the air source chamber and the expansion explosion chamber, an air inlet valve is arranged in the air inlet hole, a conical air outlet is formed between the expansion explosion chamber and the flow guide pipe, and a conical sealing device is arranged in the conical air outlet; the cone sealing device is pushed away by the pressure of gas in the expansion explosion chamber and can reset the seal; the air inlet valve is opened when the cone sealing device is in a sealing state and is closed by the air source chamber or the compression force of air in the expansion explosion chamber; or is opened by the compression force of the gas in the gas source chamber and is closed by the compression force of the gas in the expansion explosion chamber. The explosion valve can ensure the continuous occurrence and continuity of the explosion effect, greatly improve the energy conversion efficiency, and can be widely applied to impeller power devices, missile or rocket engines and turbojet aeroengines.
Description
[ field of technology ]
The invention relates to a power device for energy conversion, in particular to a power device for converting gas pressure energy and heat energy into mechanical energy, and application of the device and a method for improving energy conversion efficiency.
[ background Art ]
Power units are known that convert thermal energy directly into mechanical energy. Such as: internal combustion engines, external combustion engines, steam turbines, aeroengines, rocket engines, missile engines, and the like.
In the case of the current thermal power conversion device, the main disadvantages are: the tail gas temperature is high, the effective utilization rate of fuel is low, the volume is large and heavy, and the specific power is not high. Such as: the internal combustion engine which uses working medium to make expansion work is characterized by that its heat-work conversion has three basic cycles. 1. Mixing and heating for circulation; 2. constant volume heating cycle; 3. and (5) constant-pressure heating circulation. Because the thermal cycle expansion is not thorough, or the residual temperature is higher, the heat quantity taken away by the waste gas is relatively large (more than 30% of heat quantity is taken away by the waste gas of the internal combustion engine). The structure of the conversion mechanism (such as a crank-link mechanism) is relatively large and heavy. So that the specific power of the power device is hardly improved. Although the specific power of aeroengines, rocket engines and missile engines is relatively high, the temperature and pressure of fuel gas need to be improved in order to improve the propulsion efficiency of the engines. However, the residual speed and the residual temperature of the tail gas are also high, so that the heat energy of the fuel is not fully and effectively utilized. In addition, the high temperature strength of the material is limited to be improved under the influence of temperature and pressure.
In order to solve the above problems, a knock type energy conversion power plant has been proposed. Such as: pulse detonation (mechanically, explosion) aeroengines successfully studied in 2016 by russian liquid pulse detonation engine specialty laboratories, russian academy of sciences, new siberian laval Ji Yefu fluid dynamics institute, moscow aeronautics and the like. The thrust is generated by utilizing fuel explosion, and the thermal efficiency is doubled compared with that of an aeroengine burnt by a common air compressor. The essential differences of explosion and combustion are: the time required for an explosion to occur can be as short as one millionth of a second, while combustion is typically around one thousandth of a second. The explosion generates great instantaneous pressure and temperature, and can convert heat energy into kinetic energy of gas molecule flow to the maximum. The explosion process is generally uncontrollable and relatively loud in vibration and noise. So in practical applications these factors must be well controlled.
Explosions are classified into physical explosions and chemical explosions. The physical explosion is an explosion caused by collision, excessive pressure and the like, and the chemical explosion is an explosion caused by huge energy generated by chemical reaction. The explosion effect is that the energy is concentrated and increased in a certain closed local small area, when a certain pressure threshold value is reached, the energy is suddenly released in a very short time, and the explosion effect is generated just like the sudden explosion of a high-pressure balloon. Experiments prove that under the condition that the temperature and the pressure of the gas do not need to be improved, the explosion effect can enable the heat energy or the pressure energy of the gas to be converted into the kinetic energy of the flowing gas molecules to the greatest extent, so that the phenomenon that the temperature of the gas is greatly reduced occurs. The microscopic explanation of the effects of explosion is: when explosion occurs, the gas molecules in the closed container (or relatively closed container) instantaneously generate strong thermal motion potential energy, the action of the intermolecular potential energy is like collective consciousness, and at the same moment, the same action, unified actions are concentrated on the ordered action of a certain result, and the phenomenon that all energy (molecular heat energy, molecular potential energy and the like) is concentrated on the result (the kinetic energy of the gas molecule flow) occurs, so that the phenomenon that the temperature (heat energy) of the gas molecules is greatly reduced occurs.
The kinetic energy of the gas molecule flow can be conveniently converted into mechanical energy by impacting the high-speed impeller, so that the conversion efficiency of converting heat energy or pressure energy into mechanical energy can be improved by utilizing the explosion effect. And the explosion effect can generate extremely large instant power, and the power device can obtain larger specific power by controlling the frequency of explosion.
In order to ensure the sustained occurrence and continuity of the explosion effect, a repeating mechanism is necessary which can repeatedly generate sudden "rupture" to release energy, can immediately "heal" to close the energy and can be conveniently controlled. Generally, the balloon is exploded, and the fracture can not heal automatically. The technical difficulty of the current explosion persistence control effect is automatic healing after fracture. The gas before explosion is restrained by the closed container, once the restraining force is instantaneously reduced to zero after explosion, the energy can be quickly released, the energy is crisp and thorough, the break can be automatically healed after the energy release is finished (namely, the pressure is reduced to the lowest), and the closed space is formed again, however, the existing valve cannot achieve the problem.
[ invention ]
The invention aims to solve the technical problem of providing an explosion type valve, application thereof and a method for improving energy conversion efficiency.
The explosion valve is realized by the following steps: an explosion valve comprises an air source chamber, an expansion explosion chamber and a flow guide pipe which are sequentially connected, wherein an air inlet hole is formed between the air source chamber and the expansion explosion chamber, an air inlet valve is arranged in the air inlet hole, a conical air outlet is formed between the expansion explosion chamber and the flow guide pipe, and a conical sealing device is arranged in the conical air outlet;
the cone sealing device is pushed away by the pressure of gas in the expansion explosion chamber and can reset the seal;
the air inlet valve is:
(1) Opening the cone sealing device in a sealing state, and closing the cone sealing device by the pressing force of gas in the gas source chamber; or alternatively
(2) And the pressure of the gas in the gas source chamber is opened and the pressure of the gas in the expansion explosion chamber is closed.
Further, the air inlet valve is provided with a sealing plate and a push rod;
when the air inlet valve is the air inlet valve (1), the sealing plate covers the air inlet hole and is positioned at the end part of the air source chamber, one end of the push rod is connected with the sealing plate, and the other end of the push rod passes through the air inlet hole to resist against the cone sealing device;
when the air inlet valve is in the step (2), the sealing plate covers the air inlet hole and is positioned at the end part of the expansion explosion chamber, one end of the push rod is connected with the sealing plate, and the other end of the push rod extends from the air inlet hole to the air source chamber.
Further, the cone sealing device comprises a cone plug, a reset spring, a guide section and an extension section, wherein the cone plug is arranged in the cone air outlet, the large end of the cone plug faces outwards and the small end of the cone plug faces inwards, the guide section is fixedly arranged in the guide pipe and sleeved in the large end of the cone plug, the reset spring is sleeved on the guide section, and the extension section is arranged in the expansion explosion chamber and connected with the small end of the cone plug and faces the air inlet valve. Or is: the cone sealing device comprises a cone plug, a balance cylinder, a guide section and an extension section, wherein the cone plug is arranged in the cone air outlet, the large end of the cone plug faces outwards, the small end of the cone plug faces inwards, and the balance cylinder is fixedly arranged in the guide pipe and is communicated with the air source chamber through a balance pipe; one end of the guide section is arranged in the balance cylinder in a piston mode, the other end of the guide section is sleeved in the large end of the conical plug, and the extension section is arranged in the expansion explosion chamber and connected with the small end of the conical plug and faces the air inlet valve.
Further, the seal between the conical plug and the conical air outlet is conical surface seal or annular line seal.
Further, the annular line seal is that at least one of the outer conical surface of the conical plug and the inner conical surface of the conical air outlet is provided with at least one annular convex rib.
The application of the explosion valve of the invention comprises the following aspects:
an application of an explosion valve on an impeller power device is provided, wherein the tail end of a flow guide pipe of the explosion valve is connected with an impeller air inlet on the impeller power device.
The application of the explosion type valve on the missile or rocket engine is that the explosion type valve is used in a plurality of rows, and the air source chambers of the explosion type valves are all connected with an air source chamber.
The application of an explosion type valve on a turbojet aeroengine is that the air source chamber of the explosion type valve is connected with the air outlet end of the air compressor of the turbojet aeroengine, the flow guide pipe is connected with the air outlet end of the turbine of the turbojet aeroengine, and the air source chamber is also provided with an oil nozzle and a spark plug.
The method for improving the energy conversion efficiency is realized by adopting the explosion valve, and when the explosion is physical explosion, the method comprises the steps S11 to S14:
s11, in an initial state, an air inlet valve is in an open state, and the cone sealing device and the cone air outlet are in friction self-locking due to a cone angle, so that the cone sealing device and the cone air outlet are in a fitting sealing state;
s12, enabling high-temperature and high-pressure gas to enter the expansion explosion chamber through the gas inlet valve from the gas source chamber, and enabling the cone sealing device to be instantaneously separated from the cone gas outlet under the action of pressure and move with the pressure for a certain distance when the pressure of the high-temperature and high-pressure gas rises to a certain preset value, so that instantaneous explosion is generated;
s13, during instant explosion, high-temperature and high-pressure gas is flushed into the guide pipe through the conical air outlet at a high speed, and when the pressure of the expansion explosion chamber is reduced to a certain value, the pressure of the high-temperature and high-pressure gas can push the air inlet valve to be closed to cut off an air source;
s14, when the pressure of the expansion explosion chamber is reduced to the minimum, the cone sealing device is reset to enable the cone sealing device to be in hard-collision connection with the cone air outlet, a huge impact force can be generated at the moment of connection, and the cone angle can generate a multiplication relationship, so that a large static friction force is generated on the joint surface to generate self-locking effect; meanwhile, before the cone sealing device is connected, the air inlet valve is jacked up to be charged, and the cone sealing device repeatedly works in the way, so that the energy conversion efficiency is improved;
if the explosion is a physical explosion, the method comprises the steps of S21 to S25:
s21, in an initial state, the air inlet valve is in an open state, and the cone sealing device and the cone air outlet are in friction self-locking due to the cone angle, so that the cone sealing device and the cone air outlet are in a fitting sealing state;
s22, the combustible mixed gas enters the expansion explosion chamber from the gas source chamber through the gas inlet valve, when the pressure of the combustible mixed gas rises to a certain preset value, the spark plug in the expansion explosion chamber is electrified to ignite the combustible mixed gas, and when the energy and the pressure rise until the cone sealing device is instantaneously separated from the cone gas outlet and moves a certain distance along with the pressure, the cone sealing device generates instantaneous explosion;
s23, when in instant explosion, the gas with extremely high flow rate is flushed into the guide pipe through the conical gas outlet, and meanwhile, the pressure of the expansion explosion chamber can push the gas inlet valve to close so as to cut off the gas source;
s24, when the pressure of the expansion explosion chamber is reduced to the minimum, the cone sealing device is reset to enable the cone sealing device to be in hard-collision connection with the cone air outlet, a huge impact force can be generated at the moment of connection, and the cone angle can generate a multiplication relationship, so that a large static friction force is generated on the joint surface to generate self-locking effect;
and S25, after the gas source chamber is connected, the gas inlet valve is jacked up by the combustible mixed gas in the gas source chamber to be charged, and the operation is repeated, so that the energy conversion efficiency is improved.
The invention has the following advantages:
1. the structure is simple, the manufacturing cost is low and the maintenance is convenient;
2. the working frequency of the explosion valve can reach more than 100 times per second, and the energy conversion efficiency can be greatly improved by more than 50%;
3. the volume and weight of the conversion device can be reduced, thereby increasing the specific power (specific power: power possessed by unit weight).
[ description of the drawings ]
The invention will be further described with reference to examples of embodiments with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Fig. 1 is a schematic axial sectional view of a physical explosion valve according to the present invention.
Fig. 2a to 2c are schematic diagrams of the explosion principle structure of the physical explosion type valve of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is a schematic axial sectional view of the chemical explosion valve of the present invention.
Fig. 4a to 4c are schematic diagrams of the explosion principle structure of the chemical explosion type valve of the present invention.
Fig. 5a and 5b are schematic views of the cone sealing device according to the present invention with a balancing cylinder.
Fig. 6 is a schematic structural diagram of the self-locking sealing principle of the cone sealing device.
Fig. 7a to 7c show three embodiments of the sealing surface mating structure in the cone sealing device according to the invention.
Fig. 8a is a schematic structural diagram of the physical explosion valve of the present invention applied to an impeller power device.
Fig. 8b is a schematic structural view of the chemical explosion valve of the present invention applied to an impeller power plant.
Fig. 8c is a schematic view of the structure of the multiple explosion valves of the present invention applied to the impeller power device.
Fig. 9a and 9b are schematic structural views of the explosive valve of the present invention applied to a missile or rocket engine.
Fig. 10 is a schematic view of the structure of the explosive valve of the present invention applied to a turbojet aircraft engine.
[ detailed description ] of the invention
Referring to fig. 1 to 8, the physical explosion valve and the chemical explosion valve according to the present invention are schematic structures and explosion principles thereof, and the physical explosion valve and the chemical explosion valve are different in gas due to different explosion energy (the physical explosion uses high-temperature and high-pressure gas and the chemical explosion uses combustible mixed gas), and the structural difference is mainly caused by the difference of the directions of the air inlet valves, which is described in the following embodiments.
Example 1
Referring to fig. 1, the explosion valve in the first embodiment is a physical explosion valve 101, which includes an air source chamber 1, an expansion explosion chamber 2 and a flow guide tube 3 connected in sequence, an air inlet 41 is disposed between the air source chamber 1 and the expansion explosion chamber 2, an air inlet valve 5 is disposed in the air inlet 41, a conical air outlet 42 is disposed between the expansion explosion chamber 2 and the flow guide tube 3, and a cone sealing device 6 is disposed in the conical air outlet 42; the cone sealing device 6 is pushed away by the pressure of the gas in the expansion explosion chamber 2 and can reset the seal; the air inlet valve 5 is provided with a sealing plate and a push rod; the sealing plate covers the air inlet hole 41 and is positioned at the end part of the air source chamber 1, one end of the push rod is connected with the sealing plate, and the other end of the push rod passes through the air inlet hole 41 to resist against the cone sealing device 6; in this way, the inlet valve 5 can be opened by the sealing state of the cone seal device 6 and closed by the pressure of the gas in the gas source chamber 1.
As further shown in fig. 1 and 2c, the explosion principle is:
s11, in an initial state, as shown in FIG. 1, the air inlet valve 5 is in an open state, and the cone sealing device 6 and the cone air outlet 42 are in friction self-locking due to the cone angle, so that the cone sealing device and the cone air outlet 42 are in a fitting sealing state;
s12, high-temperature and high-pressure gas (which can be water vapor or fuel gas and the like, wherein the water vapor can also be from a steam generator such as a boiler and the like) enters the expansion explosion chamber 2 from the gas source chamber 1 through the gas inlet valve 5, and when the pressure of the high-temperature and high-pressure gas rises to a certain preset value as shown in the state of fig. 2a to 2b, the cone sealing device 6 can be instantaneously separated from the cone gas outlet 42 under the action of the pressure and moves a certain distance along with the pressure, so that instantaneous explosion is generated;
s13, during instant explosion, high-temperature and high-pressure gas is flushed into the guide pipe 3 through the conical air outlet 42 at a high speed, and when the pressure of the expansion explosion chamber 2 is reduced to a certain level, as shown in the state of FIG. 2c, the pressure of the high-temperature and high-pressure gas can push the air inlet valve 5 to close and cut off an air source;
s14, when the pressure of the expansion explosion chamber 2 is reduced to the minimum, the cone sealing device 6 is reset to enable the cone sealing device 6 to be in hard-collision connection with the cone air outlet 42, a huge impact force can be generated at the moment of connection, and the cone angle can be multiplied, so that a large static friction force is generated on the joint surface to generate self-locking effect; and before the cone sealing device 6 is connected, the air inlet valve 5 is pushed open by the cone sealing device, the state of the cone sealing device is restored to the state of fig. 1, and the cone sealing device repeatedly works in the way, so that the energy conversion efficiency is improved.
The air of the flow guide pipe 3 can impact the blades of the high-speed impeller to do work so as to drive a load due to extremely high speed, and can also generate reverse thrust to push the air to move or fly, for example: missiles, rockets, and the like.
Example two
Referring to fig. 3, the explosion valve in the second embodiment is a chemical explosion valve 102, which includes an air source chamber 1, an expansion explosion chamber 2 and a flow guiding tube 3 connected in sequence, a spark plug 7 is further disposed in the expansion explosion chamber 2, an air inlet 41 is disposed between the air source chamber 1 and the expansion explosion chamber 2, an air inlet valve 5 is disposed in the air inlet 41, a conical air outlet 42 is disposed between the expansion explosion chamber 2 and the flow guiding tube 3, and a conical sealing device 6 is disposed in the conical air outlet 42; the cone sealing device 6 is pushed away by the pressure of the gas in the expansion explosion chamber 2 and can be reset and sealed by the cone sealing device; the air inlet valve 5 is provided with a sealing plate and a push rod; the sealing plate covers the air inlet hole 41 and is positioned at the end part of the expansion explosion chamber 2, one end of the push rod is connected with the sealing plate, and the other end of the push rod extends from the air inlet hole 41 to the air source chamber 1. The air inlet valve 5 is opened by the compression force of the air in the air source chamber 1 and closed by the compression force of the air in the expansion explosion chamber 2.
As further shown in fig. 3 and 4c, the explosion principle is:
s21, in an initial state, as shown in FIG. 3, the air inlet valve 5 is in an open state, and the cone sealing device 6 and the cone air outlet 42 are in friction self-locking due to the cone angle, so that the cone sealing device and the cone air outlet 42 are in a fitting sealing state;
s22, as shown in the states of fig. 4a to 4c, the combustible mixed gas enters the expansion explosion chamber 2 from the gas source chamber 1 through the inlet valve 5 door, when the pressure of the combustible mixed gas rises to a certain preset value, the spark plug in the expansion explosion chamber 2 is electrified to ignite the combustible mixed gas, and when the energy and the pressure rise until the cone sealing device 6 is instantaneously disconnected from the cone gas outlet 42 and moves a certain distance along with the pressure, the instantaneous explosion is generated;
s23, during instant explosion, gas with extremely high flow rate is flushed into the guide pipe 3 through the conical gas outlet 42, and meanwhile, the pressure of the expansion explosion chamber 2 can push the gas inlet valve 5 to close so as to cut off a gas source;
s24, when the pressure of the expansion explosion chamber 2 is reduced to the minimum, the cone sealing device 6 is reset to enable the cone sealing device 6 to be in hard-collision connection with the cone air outlet 42, a huge impact force can be generated at the moment of connection, and the cone angle can be multiplied, so that a large static friction force is generated on the joint surface to generate self-locking effect;
and S25, after the gas source chamber 1 is connected, the combustible mixed gas in the gas source chamber can jack the inlet valve 5 to open the inlet, and the initial state of the gas source chamber is restored to the initial state of FIG. 3, so that the operation is repeated, and the energy conversion efficiency is improved.
The cone seal 6 may be provided identically, whether it is a physical or chemical explosion valve.
As shown in fig. 1 to 4c, the cone sealing device 6 is an embodiment of a spring return mode, and includes a cone plug 61, a return spring 62, a guiding section 63 and an extension section 64, where the cone plug 61 is disposed in the cone air outlet 42, the big end faces outwards and the small end faces inwards, the guiding section 63 is fixedly disposed in the guide pipe 3 and sleeved in the big end of the cone plug 61, the return spring 62 is sleeved on the guiding section 63, the extension section 64 is disposed in the expansion explosion chamber 2 and connected to the small end of the cone plug and faces the air inlet valve 5, and in a physical explosion valve, the extension section 64 can provide thrust for the air inlet valve 5 to close the air inlet valve 5.
But the cone seal 6 may also have other implementations: please refer to fig. 5: the cone sealing device 6 comprises a cone plug 61, a balance cylinder 65, a guide section 63 and an extension section 64, wherein the cone plug 61 is arranged in the cone air outlet, the large end of the cone plug faces outwards and the small end of the cone plug faces inwards, and the balance cylinder 65 is fixedly arranged in the guide pipe 3 and is communicated with the air source chamber 1 through a balance pipe 66; one end of the guide section 63 is disposed in the balance cylinder 65 in a piston manner, the other end is sleeved in the large end of the conical plug 61, the extension section 64 is disposed in the expansion explosion chamber 2 and connected to the small end of the conical plug 61 and faces the air inlet valve 5, and air pressure can be introduced into the balance cylinder 65 from the high-pressure or high-temperature gas chamber 1 through the air guide pipe, and the pressure pushes the conical plug 61 to move to complete the reset function. Because the return spring 62 has high requirements on the heat resistance, oxidation resistance and fatigue life of the spring material in a high-temperature and high-pressure environment, the balance cylinder 65 is replaced by the air pressure return instead of the return spring 62, and the cost can be greatly saved.
As shown in fig. 6, the self-locking principle of the cone sealing device 6 is as follows: under the action of the rebound thrust of the return spring 62 or the gas pressure F2 of the balance cylinder 65, the conical plug 61 can impact the inner conical surface of the conical gas outlet to generate an instant hard impact force F1, the instant value of the force is larger and is far larger than F2, the existence of the cone angle A generates a component force F which is several times larger than F=F1/cos (90-A) in the direction vertical to the inner conical surface B, the component force F generates a larger static friction force F on the inner conical surface B, and the static friction force enables the conical plug 61 to be tightly clamped together by the inner conical surface B of the conical gas outlet 42, so that the sealing function can be realized and the self-locking function can be generated. Only when the pressure reaches a certain value, the conical plug 61 is disengaged from the inner conical surface B of the conical air outlet 42 against the huge static friction force, which is similar to the principle of friction fastening and sealing of the morse taper, that is to say, a small force F2 is utilized to generate a static friction force F, f=f, which requires a great force to separate by the multiplication of the impact and the cone angle. The physical explosion effect upon separation of the high pressure gas is to rush out of the expansion explosion chamber 2 or expansion explosion chamber.
As further shown in fig. 7, the seal between the tapered plug 61 and the tapered air outlet 42 is a tapered seal or a ring seal, the tapered seal is as shown in fig. 7a, and the ring seal is that at least one of the outer tapered surface of the tapered plug 61 and the inner tapered surface of the tapered air outlet 42 is provided with at least one annular rib 422 (612), as shown in fig. 7b and 7 c.
The application of the explosion valve of the invention comprises the following aspects:
as shown in fig. 8a to 8c, when the explosion valve of the present invention is applied to the impeller power device 200, the end of the flow guiding pipe 3 of the explosion valve is connected to the impeller air inlet 201 on the impeller power device 200, wherein fig. 8a is a state when the physical explosion valve 101 is applied to the impeller power device 200, and fig. 8b is a state when the chemical explosion valve 102 is applied to the impeller power device. As shown in fig. 8c, when there are a plurality of impeller air inlets on the impeller power device, the tail ends of the flow guide pipes 3 of the explosion valves are tangentially connected with the impeller air inlets on the impeller power device, so that the power for driving the impeller 202 is greatly enhanced.
As shown in fig. 9a and 9b, when the explosion valve of the present invention is applied to a missile or rocket engine 300, the explosion valve is used in a plurality of rows, and the air supply chamber 1 of each explosion valve is connected with an air supply chamber 301, wherein fig. 9a is an application of the physical explosion valve 101 to the missile or rocket engine, and fig. 9b is an application of the chemical explosion valve 102 to the missile or rocket engine. Therefore, the energy released by the combustion of the combustible gas can be sealed and gathered firstly to perform constant volume combustion, and then the energy is released by the explosion valve to generate an explosion effect. Thus, the heat efficiency can be greatly improved, and the fuel consumption can be reduced.
As shown in fig. 10, when the explosion valve of the present invention is applied to a turbojet aeroengine 400, the explosion valve is a chemical explosion valve 102, a gas source chamber 1 of the explosion valve is connected to a gas outlet end of a gas compressor 401 of the turbojet aeroengine 400, a flow guide pipe 3 is connected to a gas outlet end of a turbine 402 of the turbojet aeroengine 400, an oil nozzle 403 is further disposed in the gas source chamber 1, fuel is injected through the oil nozzle 403 to generate a combustible gas mixture, and the combustible gas mixture enters an expansion explosion chamber 2 through an air inlet valve 5. When certain conditions are met, the spark plug ignites and burns, and the ignition plug burns completely in an isovolumetric mode, so that the isovolumetric combustion has the highest heat efficiency, and when energy is accumulated to a certain threshold value, a chemical explosion effect occurs. The high velocity airflow will rotate the turbine of turbine 402, which in turn coaxially drives the compressor. In general, the explosion can greatly improve the injection speed of fuel gas, thereby improving the propulsion efficiency and the effective utilization rate of fuel oil. The whole working process is somewhat similar to a pulse detonation type aeroengine, but the pulse detonation type aeroengine only has an air inlet valve 5, the outlet of the pulse detonation type aeroengine is open, and only approximate isovolumetric combustion can be performed, but not complete isovolumetric combustion. When the explosion valve of the invention is installed, the jet orifice can generate air flow pulses of up to several kilometers per second. The pulse detonation aeroengine has the mechanism of explosion, can generate gas speed of nearly kilometers per second, and the common aeroengine only has speed of hundreds of meters per second, so that the higher the gas flow rate is, the higher the propulsion efficiency is, the higher the heat-power conversion efficiency is, and the experiment proves that the heat efficiency of the pulse detonation aeroengine is improved by two times compared with that of the common air compressor aeroengine. It is therefore inferred that the thermal efficiency of an explosive valve aeroengine would be higher than a pulse detonation engine.
While specific embodiments of the invention have been described above, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that the specific embodiments described are illustrative only and not intended to limit the scope of the invention, and that equivalent modifications and variations of the invention in light of the spirit of the invention will be covered by the claims of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. An explosion valve is a physical explosion valve or a chemical explosion valve, wherein the physical explosion is an explosion caused by collision and overlarge pressure, and the chemical explosion is an explosion caused by huge energy generated by chemical reaction; the method is characterized in that: the device comprises an air source chamber, an expansion explosion chamber and a flow guide pipe which are sequentially connected, wherein an air inlet hole is formed between the air source chamber and the expansion explosion chamber, an air inlet valve is arranged in the air inlet hole, a conical air outlet is formed between the expansion explosion chamber and the flow guide pipe, and a conical sealing device is arranged in the conical air outlet;
the cone sealing device is pushed away by the pressure of gas in the expansion explosion chamber and can reset the seal; the cone sealing device comprises a cone plug, a reset spring, a guide section and an extension section, wherein the cone plug is arranged in the cone air outlet, the large end of the cone plug faces outwards, the small end of the cone plug faces inwards, the guide section is fixedly arranged in the guide pipe and sleeved in the large end of the cone plug, the reset spring is sleeved on the guide section, and the extension section is arranged in the expansion explosion chamber and connected with the small end of the cone plug and faces the air inlet valve; when the pressure of the expansion explosion chamber is reduced to the minimum, the cone sealing device is reset to enable the cone sealing device to be in hard-collision connection with the cone air outlet, a huge impact force can be generated at the moment of connection, and the cone angle can generate multiplication, so that a large static friction force is generated on the joint surface to generate self-locking effect;
when the explosion valve is a physical explosion valve, the air inlet valve is: (1) Pushing away by the cone sealing device in a sealing state, and closing by the compression force of gas in the gas source chamber; or alternatively
When the explosion valve is a chemical explosion valve, the air inlet valve is: (2) And the pressure of the gas in the gas source chamber is opened and the pressure of the gas in the expansion explosion chamber is closed.
2. An explosion valve is a physical explosion valve or a chemical explosion valve, wherein the physical explosion is an explosion caused by collision and overlarge pressure, and the chemical explosion is an explosion caused by huge energy generated by chemical reaction; the method is characterized in that: the device comprises an air source chamber, an expansion explosion chamber and a flow guide pipe which are sequentially connected, wherein an air inlet hole is formed between the air source chamber and the expansion explosion chamber, an air inlet valve is arranged in the air inlet hole, a conical air outlet is formed between the expansion explosion chamber and the flow guide pipe, and a conical sealing device is arranged in the conical air outlet;
the cone sealing device is pushed away by the pressure of gas in the expansion explosion chamber and can reset the seal; the cone sealing device comprises a cone plug, a balance cylinder, a guide section and an extension section, wherein the cone plug is arranged in the cone air outlet, the large end of the cone plug faces outwards, the small end of the cone plug faces inwards, and the balance cylinder is fixedly arranged in the guide pipe and is communicated with the air source chamber through a balance pipe; one end of the guide section is arranged in the balance cylinder in a piston manner, the other end of the guide section is sleeved in the large end of the conical plug, and the extension section is arranged in the expansion explosion chamber and connected with the small end of the conical plug and faces the air inlet valve; when the pressure of the expansion explosion chamber is reduced to the minimum, the cone sealing device is reset to enable the cone sealing device to be in hard-collision connection with the cone air outlet, a huge impact force can be generated at the moment of connection, and the cone angle can generate multiplication, so that a large static friction force is generated on the joint surface to generate self-locking effect;
when the explosion valve is a physical explosion valve, the air inlet valve is: (1) Pushing away by the cone sealing device in a sealing state, and closing by the compression force of gas in the gas source chamber; or alternatively
When the explosion valve is a chemical explosion valve, the air inlet valve is: (2) And the pressure of the gas in the gas source chamber is opened and the pressure of the gas in the expansion explosion chamber is closed.
3. An explosion valve according to claim 1 or 2, wherein:
the air inlet valve is provided with a sealing plate and a push rod;
when the air inlet valve (1) is pushed open by the cone sealing device in a sealing state and is closed by the compression force of air in the air source chamber, the sealing plate covers the air inlet hole and is positioned at the end part of the air source chamber, one end of the push rod is connected with the sealing plate, and the other end of the push rod passes through the air inlet hole to resist against the cone sealing device;
when the air inlet valve is opened by the compression force of the air in the air source chamber and closed by the compression force of the air in the expansion explosion chamber, the sealing plate covers the air inlet hole and is positioned at the end part of the expansion explosion chamber, one end of the push rod is connected with the sealing plate, and the other end of the push rod extends from the air inlet hole to the air source chamber.
4. An explosion valve according to claim 1 or 2, wherein: the seal between the conical plug and the conical air outlet is conical surface seal or annular line seal.
5. An explosion valve as set forth in claim 4, wherein: the annular line seal is that at least one of the outer conical surface of the conical plug and the inner conical surface of the conical air outlet is provided with at least one annular convex rib.
6. An application of an explosion valve on an impeller power device is characterized in that: the explosion valve is an explosion valve as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 5, and the tail end of the flow guide pipe is connected with an impeller air inlet on the impeller power device.
7. An application of an explosive valve on a missile or rocket engine is characterized in that: the explosion valve is an explosion valve as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 5, the explosion valve is a plurality of explosion valves which are used in a row, and the air source chamber of each explosion valve is connected with an air source chamber.
8. Use of an explosive valve in a turbojet aircraft engine, characterized in that: the explosion valve is an explosion valve as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 5, the air source chamber of the explosion valve is connected with the air outlet end of the compressor of the turbojet aeroengine, the flow guide pipe is connected with the air outlet end of the turbine of the turbojet aeroengine, and the air source chamber is also provided with an oil nozzle and a spark plug.
9. A method of improving energy conversion efficiency, characterized by: use of an explosion valve according to any one of claims 1 to 5;
when the explosion valve is a physical explosion valve, the method includes steps S11 to S14:
s11, in an initial state, an air inlet valve is in an open state, and the cone sealing device and the cone air outlet are in friction self-locking due to a cone angle, so that the cone sealing device and the cone air outlet are in a fitting sealing state;
s12, enabling high-temperature and high-pressure gas to enter the expansion explosion chamber through the gas inlet valve from the gas source chamber, and enabling the cone sealing device to instantaneously disconnect from the cone gas outlet under the action of pressure and move with the pressure for a certain distance when the pressure of the high-temperature and high-pressure gas rises to a certain preset value, so that instantaneous explosion is generated;
s13, during instant explosion, high-temperature and high-pressure gas is flushed into the guide pipe through the conical air outlet at a high speed, and when the pressure of the expansion explosion chamber is reduced to a certain value, the pressure of the high-temperature and high-pressure gas can push the air inlet valve to be closed to cut off an air source;
s14, when the pressure of the expansion explosion chamber is reduced to the minimum, the cone sealing device is reset to enable the cone sealing device to be in hard-collision connection with the cone air outlet, a huge impact force can be generated at the moment of connection, and the cone angle can generate a multiplication relationship, so that a large static friction force is generated on the joint surface to generate self-locking effect; meanwhile, before the cone sealing device is connected, the air inlet valve is jacked up to be charged, and the cone sealing device repeatedly works in the way, so that the energy conversion efficiency is improved;
when the explosion valve is a chemical explosion valve, steps S21 to S25 are included:
s21, in an initial state, the air inlet valve is in an open state, and the cone sealing device and the cone air outlet are in friction self-locking due to the cone angle, so that the cone sealing device and the cone air outlet are in a fitting sealing state;
s22, the combustible mixed gas enters the expansion explosion chamber from the gas source chamber through the gas inlet valve, when the pressure of the combustible mixed gas rises to a certain preset value, the spark plug in the expansion explosion chamber is electrified to ignite the combustible mixed gas, and when the energy and the pressure rise until the cone sealing device is instantaneously separated from the cone gas outlet and moves a certain distance along with the pressure, instantaneous explosion is generated;
s23, when in instant explosion, the gas with extremely high flow rate is flushed into the guide pipe through the conical gas outlet, and meanwhile, the pressure of the expansion explosion chamber can push the gas inlet valve to close so as to cut off the gas source;
s24, when the pressure of the expansion explosion chamber is reduced to the minimum, the cone sealing device is reset to enable the cone sealing device to be in hard-collision connection with the cone air outlet, a huge impact force can be generated at the moment of connection, and the cone angle can generate a multiplication relationship, so that a large static friction force is generated on the joint surface to generate self-locking effect;
and S25, after the gas source chamber is connected, the gas inlet valve is jacked up by the combustible mixed gas in the gas source chamber to be charged, and the operation is repeated, so that the energy conversion efficiency is improved.
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| CN111256975A (en) * | 2020-03-10 | 2020-06-09 | 郑州赛奥电子股份有限公司 | Device and method for checking opening time of pressure release valve |
| CN112324587B (en) * | 2021-01-04 | 2021-04-06 | 成都裕鸢航空智能制造股份有限公司 | Aircraft engine |
| CN113274746B (en) * | 2021-06-17 | 2022-04-05 | 长沙领英智造科技有限公司 | Movie and television explosion special effect boosting system and implementation method |
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