CN108338119A - 一种预防和治疗土鸡疾病的养殖方法 - Google Patents
一种预防和治疗土鸡疾病的养殖方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明属于禽类养殖技术领域,一种预防和治疗土鸡疾病的养殖方法,包括如下步骤:(1)鸡舍选择与建设;(2)选择种蛋;(3)种蛋孵化;(4)育雏期管理;(5)育成饲养管理;(6)疾病预防。本发明提供的预防和治疗土鸡疾病的养殖方法能有效提高土鸡的免疫力和抗病能力,有效预防土鸡病毒性疾病,产蛋量提高,产蛋周期延长。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于禽类养殖技术领域,具体涉及一种预防和治疗土鸡疾病的养殖方法。
背景技术
随着社会的进步和经济的发展,人民的物质生活水平日益提高,对鸡肉产品的要求逐渐由追求数量向追求质量转变,尤其是农村饲养的土鸡肉质好、味道鲜,深受消费者喜欢。土鸡是家禽的一种,有别于笼养的肉鸡,是指放养在山野林间、果园的鸡,土鸡具有耐粗饲、就巢性强和抗病力强等特性。土鸡肉质鲜美、蛋品质优良、营养丰富,含有丰富的蛋白质、氨基酸和胶质蛋白,其中还含有较多的微量元素和各种营养素,脂肪含量较低;土鸡蛋含有丰富的蛋白质、维生素和矿物质,故而更受消费者的青睐。
但是,现在土鸡的产量还不高,不能形成大规模养殖,而且很容易受支气管炎、禽流感等疾病的影响,饲养的要求相对较高,而大量激素、抗生素类添加剂的使用严重影响蛋肉制品的质量安全,因此急需一种科学合理的土鸡生态养殖的方法,并进行推广,使养殖户能够科学合理的进行养殖,以提高养殖收入。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于克服上述技术缺陷,提供一种预防和治疗土鸡疾病的养殖方法,能够减少饲料工业中激素、抗生素类添加剂的使用,增强鸡的免疫机能,增强鸡对消化道、呼吸道疾病的抵抗能力,促进鸡的健康生长,缩短鸡的生长周期,采用该方法养殖出来的土鸡抵抗力强,发病率低,肉质鲜美、营养丰富。
为了实现上述目的,本发明采用以下技术方案:
一种预防和治疗土鸡疾病的养殖方法,包括如下步骤:
(1)鸡舍选择与建设:选择含石灰质土壤或沙壤土的鸡场,鸡场周围水源充足、交通方便,地势干燥、排水良好,在鸡场周围设置围栏,将鸡场划分为放养区和鸡舍,在所述放养区种植皇竹草和甜象草,在所述鸡舍的下风口建立粪污及无害化处理区;所述鸡舍室内地面为水泥地面,鸡舍内设置三层立体网床,网床第一层离地面高45-50厘米,网床高30-40厘米,上下层之间的距离是20厘米,在每一层网床的底部设置自动传送式承粪板;
(4)选择种蛋:挑选的种蛋来自健康高产、无传染病的鸡群,选择光洁新鲜、蛋壳结构致密均匀、形状健康正常的种蛋,并全额种蛋重量为51-54克;
(5)种蛋孵化:用温度为25-30摄氏度、浓度为0.5%-0.6%的聚维酮碘溶液将种蛋浸泡3-4分钟,捞出后摆放在蛋盘上晾干,并以每立方米13-15克***和每立方米10-13克高锰酸钾混合后产生的气体对种蛋进行密闭熏蒸30-35分钟,然后将种蛋放入消毒后的孵化机进行孵化,孵化期温度控制在36.5-38摄氏度,在孵化的1到7天内,相对湿度控制为62-66%,8到18天,相对湿度控制为50-52%,孵化期内保证良好的通风,孵化期间,孵化机内氧气含量为23-32%,二氧化碳不超过0.5%,在孵化的第1天到第18天,每天翻蛋4-5次;从孵化的第8天开始,冬季每天晾蛋1次,其他季节每天2到3次,每次晾蛋的时间为12-15分钟,使种蛋凉至29-31摄氏度,晾蛋的目的在于帮助胚胎散热和呼吸新鲜空气,同时,还能给胚胎一个冷刺激,有利于提高孵化率和雏鸡对外界冷刺激的抵抗力;孵化的第19天,将种蛋转移至出雏机等待雏鸡出壳,出雏机内的相对湿度控制68%-70%,孵化后期提高湿度,有利于雏鸡啄壳;
(4)育雏期管理:雏鸡出壳24-30小时内,饮用浓度为5%-6%的葡萄糖溶液,雏鸡出壳2-3天内,采用红外线断喙,并且选用马立克氏疫苗对雏鸡进行颈部皮下注射;0-1周龄时育雏室内的室温为32-36℃,2-3周龄时育雏室的室温为24-32℃,4周龄时育雏室内的室温为20-23℃,育雏室内保持每天20-23小时的光照,育雏室内的相对湿度保持55%-65%;早晚给雏鸡喂养饲料,饲料以玉米粉、细米糠和小麦粉主,其中,玉米粉、细米糠与小麦粉按照2:1:0.5的重量比混合;
(5)育成饲养管理:人工育雏4周龄后,将脱温后的雏鸡转移到鸡场上饲养,让鸡自由采食饮水,保持鸡舍通风,并喂以混合饲料,所述混合饲料主要由以下重量份的原料组成:玉米20-30份、大豆15-20份、麸皮15-25份、细米糠7-15份、黑麦草15-20份、聚合草15-20份、韭菜2-10份、骨粉2-10份、贝壳粉3-12份、中药添加剂0.5-2.5份、食盐1-5份、酵母粉0.5-1.5份、复合维生素0.5-2.5份、EM原液0.1-0.6份和碳酸钙0.2-0.6份;白天将鸡赶到放养区,晚上赶回鸡舍;
(6)疾病预防:定期对放养区和鸡舍周围环境消毒;定期杀蚊和灭鼠,减少鼠害和疾病的发生,做好疫苗注射预防疾病。
进一步的,所述步骤(5)中所述中药添加剂主要由以下重量份的原料制成:甘草2-5份、板蓝根1-5份、黄芪1-5份、菊花1-2.5份、焦麦芽0.5-1.5份、山药1-3份、北豆根0.5-2.5份、莪术0.5-1.5份、金银花1-5份、连翘0.5-2.5份和麦冬0.5-1.5份;将上述中药粉碎后,用乙醇溶液浸泡、萃取有效成分得到。
进一步的,所述混合饲料的制备方法如下:a、将玉米、大豆、麸皮、细米糠混合后粉碎成粉末状混合物;b、将黑麦草、聚合草和韭菜切碎后备用;c、将余下所有组分与步骤a产物、步骤b产物混合,控制水分,搅拌均匀后制粒或膨化,粒径1-2毫米。
进一步的,每层网床每平方米饲养6-8只鸡。
进一步的,所述步骤(1)还包括了放养前对鸡场消毒的步骤,包括放养前12-18天,放养区撒入生石灰消毒;鸡舍用浓度为0.5-2.5%的戊二醛癸甲溴铵溶液喷洒消毒。
进一步的,所述步骤(5)中,每天3-5次少喂勤添混合饲料,每只鸡每天喂以70-110克混合饲料。
本发明中药添加剂的功效如下:
甘草拉丁名为Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fisch,别名甜草根、红甘草、粉甘草、乌拉尔甘草等,甘草属。味甘,性平。具有益气补中,缓急止痛,润肺止咳,泻火解毒等功效。
板蓝根味苦,寒,苦,寒,具有清热,解毒,凉血,利咽的功效,主治温毒发斑;高热头痛;大头瘟疫;舌绛紫暗,烂喉丹痧;丹毒;痄腮;喉痹;疮肿、痈肿;水痘;麻疹;肝炎;流行性感冒,流脑,乙脑,肺炎,神昏吐衄,咽肿,火眼,疮疹;可防治流行性乙型脑炎、急慢性肝炎、流行性腮腺炎、骨髓炎。
黄芪味甘,微温,归肺、脾、肝、肾经。黄芪有益气固表、敛汗固脱、托疮生肌、利水消肿之功效。用于治疗气虚乏力,中气下陷,久泻脱肛,便血崩漏,表虚自汗,痈疽难溃,久溃不敛,血虚萎黄,内热消渴,慢性肾炎,蛋白尿,糖尿病等。炙黄芪益气补中,生用固表托疮。
菊花性味甘、苦,微寒,归肺、肝经,具有散风清热,平肝明目的功效。用于风热感冒,头痛眩晕,目赤肿痛,眼目昏花。
焦麦芽具有行气消食,健脾开胃,退乳消胀的功效。用于食积不消,脘腹胀痛,脾虚食少,乳汗郁积等。
山药味甘,性平,归脾、肺、肾经,具有补脾养胃,生津益肺,补肾涩精的功效,用于脾虚食少,久泻不止,肺虚喘咳,肾虚遗精,带下,尿频,虚热消渴。
北豆根具有清热解毒、消肿止痛的功能。主治咽喉肿痛、肺热咳嗽、肝炎、便秘、毒蛇咬伤等症。
莪术味辛、苦,温。归肝、脾经,具有消食化积的功效,用于饮食积滞之胃腹胀痛。
金银花具有清热解毒,疏风通络功效,可用于温病发热,热毒血痢,痈肿疮疡,风湿热痹,关节红肿热痛等症。
连翘味苦,性平,无毒。具有清热解毒,散结消肿的功效。主治温热,丹毒,斑疹,痈疡肿毒,瘰疬,小便淋闭。
麦冬味甘,微苦,微寒。归心、肺、胃经,具有养阴生津,润肺清心的功效。用于肺燥干咳,虚痨咳嗽,津伤口渴,心烦失眠,内热消渴,肠燥便秘,咽白喉。
与现有技术相比,本发明具有以下有益效果:
本发明的一种预防和治疗土鸡疾病的养殖方法
1、在鸡舍的建立以及放养区的选择中,选择含石灰质土壤或沙壤土的鸡场,能保持室内外干燥,雨后能及时排除积水。通过在放养区和鸡舍相结合进行饲养土鸡,能够合理安排、充分利用空间资源,提高土鸡的放养生存能力,使土鸡得到了很好的运动,采用自然放养,在放养区种植皇竹草和甜象草,土鸡可以采食幼嫩的秧苗,可以提高土鸡消化,提高饲料转化率;土鸡的粪便又能作为肥料,使皇竹草和甜象草生长茂盛,把土鸡赶至放养内采食皇竹草和甜象草,这样使得土鸡生长接近原生态,土鸡肉更鲜美;肉质更紧凑。
2、种蛋孵化期通过对种蛋的消毒处理以及设置适宜的温度和湿度,能提高种蛋的孵化率,降低孵化周期。育雏期通过调节适宜的温度和湿度,使雏鸡食欲增强、活泼好动,通过饮用浓度为5%-6%的葡萄糖溶液,能提高雏鸡的生长强度,并能促进残余卵黄的吸收,减少残弱雏鸡数量。通过红外线断喙,能减少雏鸡受伤创面。减少应激反应。通过喂食特定配比的玉米粉、细米糠与小麦粉,能够满足雏鸡的营养需求。育成饲养期通过喂食混合饲料,能促进土鸡生长发育,所述混合饲料包括玉米、大豆、麸皮、细米糠、黑麦草、聚合草、韭菜、骨粉、贝壳粉、中药添加剂、食盐、酵母粉、复合维生素、EM原液和碳酸钙,该配比的混合饲料营养物质种类齐全、数量充足、比例恰当,营养全面,口感丰富,具有清香的味道,既能促进土鸡进食,还能为土鸡提供满足生长的物质,使得土鸡生长健康。在混合饲料中添加中药添加剂、复合维生素和EM原液等原料,满足土鸡的营养需求,同时,中药添加剂被土鸡吃入后,能够增强土鸡的抵抗力,抗病力较高,使鸭更健康、快速生长,土鸡肉质鲜嫩。
3、本发明的混合饲料中添加了中药成分,所述中药添加剂包括甘草、板蓝根、黄芪、菊花、焦麦芽、山药、北豆根、莪术、金银花、连翘和麦冬,不同中药材的药效相互调和,具有清热解毒,消食健胃、强身健体等功效,通过在混合饲料中合理搭配所述中药添加剂,降低了养殖成本,既可以减少使用抗生素,同时增加土鸡的机体免疫力,预防和减少土鸡的患病几率,为种公兔的生长发育提供了保障。
4、本发明的预防和治疗土鸡疾病的养殖方法能显著提高了土鸡的免疫力和抗病力,提高了土鸡的成活率,降低患病率。
具体实施方式
下面对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述。需要说明的是,本发明的具体实施例只是为了能更清楚的描述技术方案,而不能作为本发明保护范围的一种限制。
实施例1
一种预防和治疗土鸡疾病的养殖方法,包括如下步骤:
(1)鸡舍选择与建设:选择含石灰质土壤的鸡场,鸡场周围水源充足、交通方便,地势干燥、排水良好,在鸡场周围设置围栏,将鸡场划分为放养区和鸡舍,在所述放养区种植皇竹草和甜象草,在所述鸡舍的下风口建立粪污及无害化处理区;所述鸡舍室内地面为水泥地面,鸡舍内设置三层立体网床,网床第一层离地面高45厘米,网床高30厘米,上下层之间的距离是20厘米,在每一层网床的底部设置自动传送式承粪板;每层网床每平方米饲养6只鸡;放养前对鸡场消毒,包括放养前12天,放养区撒入生石灰消毒;鸡舍用浓度为0.5%的戊二醛癸甲溴铵溶液喷洒消毒;
(2)选择种蛋:挑选的种蛋来自健康高产、无传染病的鸡群,选择光洁新鲜、蛋壳结构致密均匀、形状健康正常的种蛋,并全额种蛋重量为51克;
(3)种蛋孵化:用温度为25摄氏度、浓度为0.5%的聚维酮碘溶液将种蛋浸泡3分钟,捞出后摆放在蛋盘上晾干,并以每立方米13克***和每立方米10克高锰酸钾混合后产生的气体对种蛋进行密闭熏蒸30分钟,然后将种蛋放入消毒后的孵化机进行孵化,孵化期温度控制在36.5摄氏度,在孵化的1到7天内,相对湿度控制为62%,8到18天,相对湿度控制为50%,孵化期内保证良好的通风,孵化期间,孵化机内氧气含量为23%,二氧化碳不超过0.5%,在孵化的第1天到第18天,每天翻蛋4次;从孵化的第8天开始,冬季每天晾蛋1次,其他季节每天2次,每次晾蛋的时间为12分钟,使种蛋凉至29摄氏度,晾蛋的目的在于帮助胚胎散热和呼吸新鲜空气,同时,还能给胚胎一个冷刺激,有利于提高孵化率和雏鸡对外界冷刺激的抵抗力;孵化的第19天,将种蛋转移至出雏机等待雏鸡出壳,出雏机内的相对湿度控制68%,孵化后期提高湿度,有利于雏鸡啄壳;
(4)育雏期管理:雏鸡出壳24小时内,饮用浓度为5%的葡萄糖溶液,雏鸡出壳2天内,采用红外线断喙,并且选用马立克氏疫苗对雏鸡进行颈部皮下注射;0-1周龄时育雏室内的室温为32℃,2-3周龄时育雏室的室温为24℃,4周龄时育雏室内的室温为20℃,育雏室内保持每天20小时的光照,育雏室内的相对湿度保持55%;早晚给雏鸡喂养饲料,饲料以玉米粉、细米糠和小麦粉主,其中,玉米粉、细米糠与小麦粉按照2:1:0.5的重量比混合;
(5)育成饲养管理:人工育雏4周龄后,将脱温后的雏鸡转移到鸡场上饲养,让鸡自由采食饮水,保持鸡舍通风,并喂以混合饲料,每天3次少喂勤添混合饲料,每只鸡每天喂以70克混合饲料。所述混合饲料主要由以下重量份的原料组成:玉米20份、大豆15份、麸皮15份、细米糠7份、黑麦草15份、聚合草15份、韭菜2份、骨粉2份、贝壳粉3份、中药添加剂0.5份、食盐1份、酵母粉0.5份、复合维生素0.5份、EM原液0.1份和碳酸钙0.2份;所述混合饲料的制备方法如下:a、将玉米、大豆、麸皮、细米糠混合后粉碎成粉末状混合物;b、将黑麦草、聚合草和韭菜切碎后备用;c、将余下所有组分与步骤a产物、步骤b产物混合,控制水分,搅拌均匀后制粒或膨化,粒径1毫米。白天将鸡赶到放养区,晚上赶回鸡舍;
其中,所述中药添加剂主要由以下重量份的原料制成:甘草2份、板蓝根1份、黄芪1份、菊花1份、焦麦芽0.5份、山药1份、北豆根0.5份、莪术0.5份、金银花1份、连翘0.5份和麦冬0.5份;将上述中药粉碎后,用乙醇溶液浸泡、萃取有效成分得到。
(6)疾病预防:定期对放养区和鸡舍周围环境消毒;定期杀蚊和灭鼠,减少鼠害和疾病的发生,做好疫苗注射预防疾病。
实施例2
一种预防和治疗土鸡疾病的养殖方法,包括如下步骤:
(1)鸡舍选择与建设:选择含沙壤土的鸡场,鸡场周围水源充足、交通方便,地势干燥、排水良好,在鸡场周围设置围栏,将鸡场划分为放养区和鸡舍,在所述放养区种植皇竹草和甜象草,在所述鸡舍的下风口建立粪污及无害化处理区;所述鸡舍室内地面为水泥地面,鸡舍内设置三层立体网床,网床第一层离地面高50厘米,网床高40厘米,上下层之间的距离是20厘米,在每一层网床的底部设置自动传送式承粪板;每层网床每平方米饲养8只鸡;放养前对鸡场消毒,包括放养前18天,放养区撒入生石灰消毒;鸡舍用浓度为2.5%的戊二醛癸甲溴铵溶液喷洒消毒;
(2)选择种蛋:挑选的种蛋来自健康高产、无传染病的鸡群,选择光洁新鲜、蛋壳结构致密均匀、形状健康正常的种蛋,并全额种蛋重量为54克;
(3)种蛋孵化:用温度为30摄氏度、浓度为0.6%的聚维酮碘溶液将种蛋浸泡4分钟,捞出后摆放在蛋盘上晾干,并以每立方米15克***和每立方米13克高锰酸钾混合后产生的气体对种蛋进行密闭熏蒸35分钟,然后将种蛋放入消毒后的孵化机进行孵化,孵化期温度控制在38摄氏度,在孵化的1到7天内,相对湿度控制为66%,8到18天,相对湿度控制为52%,孵化期内保证良好的通风,孵化期间,孵化机内氧气含量为32%,二氧化碳不超过0.5%,在孵化的第1天到第18天,每天翻蛋5次;从孵化的第8天开始,冬季每天晾蛋1次,其他季节每天3次,每次晾蛋的时间为15分钟,使种蛋凉至31摄氏度,晾蛋的目的在于帮助胚胎散热和呼吸新鲜空气,同时,还能给胚胎一个冷刺激,有利于提高孵化率和雏鸡对外界冷刺激的抵抗力;孵化的第19天,将种蛋转移至出雏机等待雏鸡出壳,出雏机内的相对湿度控制为70%,孵化后期提高湿度,有利于雏鸡啄壳;
(4)育雏期管理:雏鸡出壳30小时内,饮用浓度为6%的葡萄糖溶液,雏鸡出壳3天内,采用红外线断喙,并且选用马立克氏疫苗对雏鸡进行颈部皮下注射;0-1周龄时育雏室内的室温为36℃,2-3周龄时育雏室的室温为32℃,4周龄时育雏室内的室温为23℃,育雏室内保持每天23小时的光照,育雏室内的相对湿度保持65%;早晚给雏鸡喂养饲料,饲料以玉米粉、细米糠和小麦粉主,其中,玉米粉、细米糠与小麦粉按照2:1:0.5的重量比混合;
(5)育成饲养管理:人工育雏4周龄后,将脱温后的雏鸡转移到鸡场上饲养,让鸡自由采食饮水,保持鸡舍通风,并喂以混合饲料,每天5次少喂勤添混合饲料,每只鸡每天喂以110克混合饲料。所述混合饲料主要由以下重量份的原料组成:玉米30份、大豆20份、麸皮25份、细米糠15份、黑麦草20份、聚合草20份、韭菜10份、骨粉10份、贝壳粉12份、中药添加剂2.5份、食盐5份、酵母粉1.5份、复合维生素2.5份、EM原液0.6份和碳酸钙0.6份;所述混合饲料的制备方法如下:a、将玉米、大豆、麸皮、细米糠混合后粉碎成粉末状混合物;b、将黑麦草、聚合草和韭菜切碎后备用;c、将余下所有组分与步骤a产物、步骤b产物混合,控制水分,搅拌均匀后制粒或膨化,粒径2毫米。白天将鸡赶到放养区,晚上赶回鸡舍;
其中,所述中药添加剂主要由以下重量份的原料制成:甘草5份、板蓝根5份、黄芪5份、菊花2.5份、焦麦芽1.5份、山药3份、北豆根2.5份、莪术1.5份、金银花5份、连翘2.5份和麦冬1.5份;将上述中药粉碎后,用乙醇溶液浸泡、萃取有效成分得到。
(6)疾病预防:定期对放养区和鸡舍周围环境消毒;定期杀蚊和灭鼠,减少鼠害和疾病的发生,做好疫苗注射预防疾病。
实施例3
一种预防和治疗土鸡疾病的养殖方法,包括如下步骤:
(1)鸡舍选择与建设:选择含石灰质土壤的鸡场,鸡场周围水源充足、交通方便,地势干燥、排水良好,在鸡场周围设置围栏,将鸡场划分为放养区和鸡舍,在所述放养区种植皇竹草和甜象草,在所述鸡舍的下风口建立粪污及无害化处理区;所述鸡舍室内地面为水泥地面,鸡舍内设置三层立体网床,网床第一层离地面高46厘米,网床高32厘米,上下层之间的距离是20厘米,在每一层网床的底部设置自动传送式承粪板;每层网床每平方米饲养7只鸡;放养前对鸡场消毒,包括放养前13天,放养区撒入生石灰消毒;鸡舍用浓度为0.7%的戊二醛癸甲溴铵溶液喷洒消毒;
(2)选择种蛋:挑选的种蛋来自健康高产、无传染病的鸡群,选择光洁新鲜、蛋壳结构致密均匀、形状健康正常的种蛋,并全额种蛋重量为52克;
(3)种蛋孵化:用温度为26摄氏度、浓度为0.55%的聚维酮碘溶液将种蛋浸泡3.2分钟,捞出后摆放在蛋盘上晾干,并以每立方米14克***和每立方米11克高锰酸钾混合后产生的气体对种蛋进行密闭熏蒸31分钟,然后将种蛋放入消毒后的孵化机进行孵化,孵化期温度控制在37摄氏度,在孵化的1到7天内,相对湿度控制为63%,8到18天,相对湿度控制为51%,孵化期内保证良好的通风,孵化期间,孵化机内氧气含量为24%,二氧化碳不超过0.5%,在孵化的第1天到第18天,每天翻蛋5次;从孵化的第8天开始,冬季每天晾蛋1次,其他季节每天3次,每次晾蛋的时间为13分钟,使种蛋凉至30摄氏度,晾蛋的目的在于帮助胚胎散热和呼吸新鲜空气,同时,还能给胚胎一个冷刺激,有利于提高孵化率和雏鸡对外界冷刺激的抵抗力;孵化的第19天,将种蛋转移至出雏机等待雏鸡出壳,出雏机内的相对湿度控制69%,孵化后期提高湿度,有利于雏鸡啄壳;
(4)育雏期管理:雏鸡出壳26小时内,饮用浓度为5.2%的葡萄糖溶液,雏鸡出壳3天内,采用红外线断喙,并且选用马立克氏疫苗对雏鸡进行颈部皮下注射;0-1周龄时育雏室内的室温为33℃,2-3周龄时育雏室的室温为25℃,4周龄时育雏室内的室温为21℃,育雏室内保持每天21小时的光照,育雏室内的相对湿度保持56%;早晚给雏鸡喂养饲料,饲料以玉米粉、细米糠和小麦粉主,其中,玉米粉、细米糠与小麦粉按照2:1:0.5的重量比混合;
(5)育成饲养管理:人工育雏4周龄后,将脱温后的雏鸡转移到鸡场上饲养,让鸡自由采食饮水,保持鸡舍通风,并喂以混合饲料,每天4次少喂勤添混合饲料,每只鸡每天喂以80克混合饲料。所述混合饲料主要由以下重量份的原料组成:玉米22份、大豆16份、麸皮16份、细米糠8份、黑麦草16份、聚合草16份、韭菜3份、骨粉3份、贝壳粉4份、中药添加剂0.7份、食盐2份、酵母粉0.7份、复合维生素0.7份、EM原液0.2份和碳酸钙0.3份;所述混合饲料的制备方法如下:a、将玉米、大豆、麸皮、细米糠混合后粉碎成粉末状混合物;b、将黑麦草、聚合草和韭菜切碎后备用;c、将余下所有组分与步骤a产物、步骤b产物混合,控制水分,搅拌均匀后制粒或膨化,粒径1.2毫米。白天将鸡赶到放养区,晚上赶回鸡舍;
其中,所述中药添加剂主要由以下重量份的原料制成:甘草3份、板蓝根2份、黄芪2份、菊花1.2份、焦麦芽0.7份、山药1.5份、北豆根0.7份、莪术0.7份、金银花2份、连翘0.7份和麦冬0.7份;将上述中药粉碎后,用乙醇溶液浸泡、萃取有效成分得到。
(6)疾病预防:定期对放养区和鸡舍周围环境消毒;定期杀蚊和灭鼠,减少鼠害和疾病的发生,做好疫苗注射预防疾病。
实施例4
一种预防和治疗土鸡疾病的养殖方法,包括如下步骤:
(1)鸡舍选择与建设:选择含沙壤土的鸡场,鸡场周围水源充足、交通方便,地势干燥、排水良好,在鸡场周围设置围栏,将鸡场划分为放养区和鸡舍,在所述放养区种植皇竹草和甜象草,在所述鸡舍的下风口建立粪污及无害化处理区;所述鸡舍室内地面为水泥地面,鸡舍内设置三层立体网床,网床第一层离地面高47厘米,网床高34厘米,上下层之间的距离是20厘米,在每一层网床的底部设置自动传送式承粪板;每层网床每平方米饲养6只鸡;放养前对鸡场消毒,包括放养前15天,放养区撒入生石灰消毒;鸡舍用浓度为1%的戊二醛癸甲溴铵溶液喷洒消毒;
(2)选择种蛋:挑选的种蛋来自健康高产、无传染病的鸡群,选择光洁新鲜、蛋壳结构致密均匀、形状健康正常的种蛋,并全额种蛋重量为53克;
(3)种蛋孵化:用温度为27摄氏度、浓度为0.56%的聚维酮碘溶液将种蛋浸泡3.4分钟,捞出后摆放在蛋盘上晾干,并以每立方米13.5克***和每立方米12克高锰酸钾混合后产生的气体对种蛋进行密闭熏蒸32分钟,然后将种蛋放入消毒后的孵化机进行孵化,孵化期温度控制在37.5摄氏度,在孵化的1到7天内,相对湿度控制为64%,8到18天,相对湿度控制为51.5%,孵化期内保证良好的通风,孵化期间,孵化机内氧气含量为26%,二氧化碳不超过0.5%,在孵化的第1天到第18天,每天翻蛋5次;从孵化的第8天开始,冬季每天晾蛋1次,其他季节每天3次,每次晾蛋的时间为14分钟,使种蛋凉至30.5摄氏度,晾蛋的目的在于帮助胚胎散热和呼吸新鲜空气,同时,还能给胚胎一个冷刺激,有利于提高孵化率和雏鸡对外界冷刺激的抵抗力;孵化的第19天,将种蛋转移至出雏机等待雏鸡出壳,出雏机内的相对湿度控制68.5%,孵化后期提高湿度,有利于雏鸡啄壳;
(4)育雏期管理:雏鸡出壳27小时内,饮用浓度为5.8%的葡萄糖溶液,雏鸡出壳3天内,采用红外线断喙,并且选用马立克氏疫苗对雏鸡进行颈部皮下注射;0-1周龄时育雏室内的室温为35.5℃,2-3周龄时育雏室的室温为30℃,4周龄时育雏室内的室温为22.5℃,育雏室内保持每天22小时的光照,育雏室内的相对湿度保持64%;早晚给雏鸡喂养饲料,饲料以玉米粉、细米糠和小麦粉主,其中,玉米粉、细米糠与小麦粉按照2:1:0.5的重量比混合;
(5)育成饲养管理:人工育雏4周龄后,将脱温后的雏鸡转移到鸡场上饲养,让鸡自由采食饮水,保持鸡舍通风,并喂以混合饲料,每天5次少喂勤添混合饲料,每只鸡每天喂以90克混合饲料。所述混合饲料主要由以下重量份的原料组成:玉米26份、大豆18份、麸皮20份、细米糠10份、黑麦草17份、聚合草18份、韭菜8份、骨粉8份、贝壳粉7份、中药添加剂2.1份、食盐4份、酵母粉1.2份、复合维生素1.6份、EM原液0.4份和碳酸钙0.35份;所述混合饲料的制备方法如下:a、将玉米、大豆、麸皮、细米糠混合后粉碎成粉末状混合物;b、将黑麦草、聚合草和韭菜切碎后备用;c、将余下所有组分与步骤a产物、步骤b产物混合,控制水分,搅拌均匀后制粒或膨化,粒径1.6毫米。白天将鸡赶到放养区,晚上赶回鸡舍;
其中,所述中药添加剂主要由以下重量份的原料制成:甘草4份、板蓝根4份、黄芪4份、菊花1.7份、焦麦芽1.2份、山药2.3份、北豆根2.1份、莪术1.1份、金银花4份、连翘1.6份和麦冬1.1份;将上述中药粉碎后,用乙醇溶液浸泡、萃取有效成分得到。
(6)疾病预防:定期对放养区和鸡舍周围环境消毒;定期杀蚊和灭鼠,减少鼠害和疾病的发生,做好疫苗注射预防疾病。
实施例5
一种预防和治疗土鸡疾病的养殖方法,包括如下步骤:
(1)鸡舍选择与建设:选择含石灰质土壤或沙壤土的鸡场,鸡场周围水源充足、交通方便,地势干燥、排水良好,在鸡场周围设置围栏,将鸡场划分为放养区和鸡舍,在所述放养区种植皇竹草和甜象草,在所述鸡舍的下风口建立粪污及无害化处理区;所述鸡舍室内地面为水泥地面,鸡舍内设置三层立体网床,网床第一层离地面高49厘米,网床高38厘米,上下层之间的距离是20厘米,在每一层网床的底部设置自动传送式承粪板;每层网床每平方米饲养8只鸡;放养前对鸡场消毒,包括放养前17天,放养区撒入生石灰消毒;鸡舍用浓度为2.4%的戊二醛癸甲溴铵溶液喷洒消毒;
(2)选择种蛋:挑选的种蛋来自健康高产、无传染病的鸡群,选择光洁新鲜、蛋壳结构致密均匀、形状健康正常的种蛋,并全额种蛋重量为53克;
(3)种蛋孵化:用温度为30摄氏度、浓度为0.6%的聚维酮碘溶液将种蛋浸泡4分钟,捞出后摆放在蛋盘上晾干,并以每立方米13克***和每立方米10克高锰酸钾混合后产生的气体对种蛋进行密闭熏蒸30分钟,然后将种蛋放入消毒后的孵化机进行孵化,孵化期温度控制在37.5摄氏度,在孵化的1到7天内,相对湿度控制为65%,8到18天,相对湿度控制为51%,孵化期内保证良好的通风,孵化期间,孵化机内氧气含量为32%,二氧化碳不超过0.5%,在孵化的第1天到第18天,每天翻蛋5次;从孵化的第8天开始,冬季每天晾蛋1次,其他季节每天3次,每次晾蛋的时间为14分钟,使种蛋凉至31摄氏度,晾蛋的目的在于帮助胚胎散热和呼吸新鲜空气,同时,还能给胚胎一个冷刺激,有利于提高孵化率和雏鸡对外界冷刺激的抵抗力;孵化的第19天,将种蛋转移至出雏机等待雏鸡出壳,出雏机内的相对湿度控制70%,孵化后期提高湿度,有利于雏鸡啄壳;
(4)育雏期管理:雏鸡出壳29小时内,饮用浓度为6%的葡萄糖溶液,雏鸡出壳3天内,采用红外线断喙,并且选用马立克氏疫苗对雏鸡进行颈部皮下注射;0-1周龄时育雏室内的室温为35℃,2-3周龄时育雏室的室温为32℃,4周龄时育雏室内的室温为23℃,育雏室内保持每天23小时的光照,育雏室内的相对湿度保持65%;早晚给雏鸡喂养饲料,饲料以玉米粉、细米糠和小麦粉主,其中,玉米粉、细米糠与小麦粉按照2:1:0.5的重量比混合;
(5)育成饲养管理:人工育雏4周龄后,将脱温后的雏鸡转移到鸡场上饲养,让鸡自由采食饮水,保持鸡舍通风,并喂以混合饲料,每天5次少喂勤添混合饲料,每只鸡每天喂以110克混合饲料。所述混合饲料主要由以下重量份的原料组成:玉米30份、大豆19份、麸皮24份、细米糠14份、黑麦草18份、聚合草19份、韭菜9份、骨粉9份、贝壳粉11份、中药添加剂2.4份、食盐4份、酵母粉1.4份、复合维生素2.2份、EM原液0.5份和碳酸钙0.5份;所述混合饲料的制备方法如下:a、将玉米、大豆、麸皮、细米糠混合后粉碎成粉末状混合物;b、将黑麦草、聚合草和韭菜切碎后备用;c、将余下所有组分与步骤a产物、步骤b产物混合,控制水分,搅拌均匀后制粒或膨化,粒径1毫米。白天将鸡赶到放养区,晚上赶回鸡舍;
其中,所述中药添加剂主要由以下重量份的原料制成:甘草4.5份、板蓝根4.5份、黄芪4.5份、菊花2.4份、焦麦芽1.4份、山药2.6份、北豆根2.3份、莪术1.4份、金银花4.5份、连翘2.3份和麦冬1.4份;将上述中药粉碎后,用乙醇溶液浸泡、萃取有效成分得到。
(6)疾病预防:定期对放养区和鸡舍周围环境消毒;定期杀蚊和灭鼠,减少鼠害和疾病的发生,做好疫苗注射预防疾病。
实验案例
为了更清楚地说明本发明的特色,本发明在申请人自有的大型养鸡场进行对比试验,对800只鸡全过程进行试验,份2组进行对比试验:
实验组:养殖方式严格按照实施例1进行。
对比组:食用饲料;市面上的人工饲料;其他养殖方式严格对照实施例1进行。
记录鸡肉对比检验的结果参数,具体数据见表1。
表1
从表1的结果可以看出,相比对比组,按照本发明的养殖方式进行饲养,可以提高土鸡的成活率,提高土鸡养殖的产率,减少禽流感等并造成的损失,同时,还能提高粗蛋白质含量,且脂肪含量适中,水分含量低,胆固醇含量低,各项营养成分指标均较其他组优良,能够满足人们的营养需求,也提高了养殖户的经济效益。
表2为土鸡的生长状态对比结果。
表2
实验组 | 对比组 | |
一个周期产蛋量/个 | 387 | 332 |
单个鸡蛋的均重/g | 53-60 | 43-49 |
同时间段的土鸡均重/kg | 1.92-2.48 | 1.52-1.95 |
从表2可以看出:相比对比组,按照本发明的养殖方式进行饲养,土鸡的健康状况良好,而且产蛋周期长,鸡蛋的重量更重,而且土鸡本身的体重也更重,说明采用本发明的养殖方法,不仅提高了土鸡的健康状况,也使养殖户的经济效益得到较大的提高。
上述说明是针对本发明较佳可行实施例的详细说明,但实施例并非用以限定本发明的专利申请范围,凡本发明所提示的技术精神下所完成的同等变化或修饰变更,均应属于本发明所涵盖专利范围。
Claims (6)
1.一种预防和治疗土鸡疾病的养殖方法,其特征在于,包括如下步骤:
(1)鸡舍选择与建设:选择含石灰质土壤或沙壤土的鸡场,鸡场周围水源充足、交通方便,地势干燥、排水良好,在鸡场周围设置围栏,将鸡场划分为放养区和鸡舍,在所述放养区种植皇竹草和甜象草,在所述鸡舍的下风口建立粪污及无害化处理区;所述鸡舍室内地面为水泥地面,鸡舍内设置三层立体网床,网床第一层离地面高45-50厘米,网床高30-40厘米,上下层之间的距离是20厘米,在每一层网床的底部设置自动传送式承粪板;
(2)选择种蛋:挑选的种蛋来自健康高产、无传染病的鸡群,选择光洁新鲜、蛋壳结构致密均匀、形状健康正常的种蛋,并全额种蛋重量为51-54克;
(3)种蛋孵化:用温度为25-30摄氏度、浓度为0.5%-0.6%的聚维酮碘溶液将种蛋浸泡3-4分钟,捞出后摆放在蛋盘上晾干,并以每立方米13-15克***和每立方米10-13克高锰酸钾混合后产生的气体对种蛋进行密闭熏蒸30-35分钟,然后将种蛋放入消毒后的孵化机进行孵化,孵化期温度控制在36.5-38摄氏度,在孵化的1到7天内,相对湿度控制为62-66%,8到18天,相对湿度控制为50-52%,孵化期间,孵化机内氧气含量为23-32%,二氧化碳不超过0.5%,在孵化的第1天到第18天,每天翻蛋4-5次;从孵化的第8天开始,冬季每天晾蛋1次,其他季节每天2到3次,每次晾蛋的时间为12-15分钟,使种蛋凉至29-31摄氏度;孵化的第19天,将种蛋转移至出雏机等待雏鸡出壳,出雏机内的相对湿度控制68%-70%;
(4)育雏期管理:雏鸡出壳24-30小时内,饮用浓度为5%-6%的葡萄糖溶液,雏鸡出壳2-3天内,采用红外线断喙,并且选用马立克氏疫苗对雏鸡进行颈部皮下注射;0-1周龄时育雏室内的室温为32-36℃,2-3周龄时育雏室的室温为24-32℃,4周龄时育雏室内的室温为20-23℃,育雏室内保持每天20-23小时的光照,育雏室内的相对湿度保持55%-65%;早晚给雏鸡喂养饲料,饲料以玉米粉、细米糠和小麦粉主,其中,玉米粉、细米糠与小麦粉按照2:1:0.5的重量比混合;
(5)育成饲养管理:人工育雏4周龄后,将脱温后的雏鸡转移到鸡场上饲养,让鸡自由采食饮水,保持鸡舍通风,并喂以混合饲料,所述混合饲料主要由以下重量份的原料组成:玉米20-30份、大豆15-20份、麸皮15-25份、细米糠7-15份、黑麦草15-20份、聚合草15-20份、韭菜2-10份、骨粉2-10份、贝壳粉3-12份、中药添加剂0.5-2.5份、食盐1-5份、酵母粉0.5-1.5份、复合维生素0.5-2.5份、EM原液0.1-0.6份和碳酸钙0.2-0.6份;白天将鸡赶到放养区,晚上赶回鸡舍;
(6)疾病预防:定期对放养区和鸡舍周围环境消毒;定期杀蚊和灭鼠,减少鼠害和疾病的发生,做好疫苗注射预防疾病。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种预防和治疗土鸡疾病的养殖方法,其特征在于:所述步骤(5)中所述中药添加剂主要由以下重量份的原料制成:甘草2-5份、板蓝根1-5份、黄芪1-5份、菊花1-2.5份、焦麦芽0.5-1.5份、山药1-3份、北豆根0.5-2.5份、莪术0.5-1.5份、金银花1-5份、连翘0.5-2.5份和麦冬0.5-1.5份;将上述中药粉碎后,用乙醇溶液浸泡、萃取有效成分得到。
3.根据权利要求2所述的一种预防和治疗土鸡疾病的养殖方法,其特征在于:所述混合饲料的制备方法如下:a、将玉米、大豆、麸皮、细米糠混合后粉碎成粉末状混合物;b、将黑麦草、聚合草和韭菜切碎后备用;c、将余下所有组分与步骤a产物、步骤b产物混合,控制水分,搅拌均匀后制粒或膨化,粒径1-2毫米。
4.根据权利要求1所述的一种预防和治疗土鸡疾病的养殖方法,其特征在于:每层网床每平方米饲养6-8只鸡。
5.根据权利要求1所述的一种预防和治疗土鸡疾病的养殖方法,其特征在于:所述步骤(1)还包括了放养前对鸡场消毒的步骤,包括放养前12-18天,放养区撒入生石灰消毒;鸡舍用浓度为0.5-2.5%的戊二醛癸甲溴铵溶液喷洒消毒。
6.根据权利要求1所述的一种预防和治疗土鸡疾病的养殖方法,其特征在于:所述步骤(5)中,每天3-5次少喂勤添混合饲料,每只鸡每天喂以70-110克混合饲料。
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