CN108332424B - Automatic control method for hot water boiler - Google Patents
Automatic control method for hot water boiler Download PDFInfo
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- CN108332424B CN108332424B CN201810004317.0A CN201810004317A CN108332424B CN 108332424 B CN108332424 B CN 108332424B CN 201810004317 A CN201810004317 A CN 201810004317A CN 108332424 B CN108332424 B CN 108332424B
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
- F24H9/00—Details
- F24H9/20—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices
- F24H9/2007—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices for water heaters
- F24H9/2035—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices for water heaters using fluid fuel
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Abstract
The invention relates to an automatic control method for a hot water boiler, which comprises the following steps: calculating the load of the boiler based on the effluent flow and the effluent temperature; calculating to obtain the final required total air volume based on the boiler load and the total air volume self-adaptive correction program; and calculating to obtain the total primary air volume based on the parameters of boiler load, oxygen amount, bed temperature and bed pressure. The invention takes the effluent temperature and the effluent flow as control cores, and realizes the automatic control of the boiler through control strategies such as load control, fuel control, primary air control, secondary air control, oxygen control, bed temperature control and the like.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of control of urban heat supply boilers, and particularly relates to an automatic control method of a hot water boiler.
Background
Along with the wide application of the centralized heating mode in cities, large-scale urban heating boilers gradually replace district heating boilers to implement urban centralized heating, and the adoption of the large-scale urban heating boilers can not only reduce atmospheric pollution, improve energy utilization efficiency, save expenses, optimize management, be easier to realize scientific management and improve heating quality.
The large-scale urban heat supply boiler mostly adopts a circulating fluidized bed boiler (CFB), and the main reason is that the CFB is different from a pulverized coal furnace, has the advantages of wide fuel applicability, high combustion efficiency, low nitrogen oxide emission, large load regulation ratio, quick load regulation and the like, however, due to the characteristics of the CFB, the operation mode is different from a grate-fired furnace and the pulverized coal furnace, once the CFB cannot meet the special requirements of thermal parameters in operation, the phenomena of insufficient boiler output, low combustion efficiency, high bed temperature and the like are easily caused, and coking and furnace shutdown are more caused in severe cases.
In the aspect of automatic control, as most heat supply boilers are hot water boilers, the control difficulty is the problems of serious coupling among the inherent variables of the CFB boiler and the like, and according to a heat load calculation formula:
Qheat generation＝3600*4.19*FFlow rate of water outlet*(TTemperature of water outlet-TTemperature of return water)；
The load of the hot water boiler is not only dependent on the flow of the outlet water, but also influenced by the temperature of the outlet water and the temperature of the return water, which also makes the realization of the full-automatic control of the boiler of the type more difficult.
For the boiler type of the hot water boiler, limited by the application range, a relatively perfect automatic control strategy is not provided at present, the heat load of the heat supply boiler needs to be changed frequently according to the requirement of a heat supply network, and the manual load control mode not only can increase the operation amount of operators, but also increases the fluctuation in the boiler process parameter adjustment process. Therefore, there is a need for an automatic control scheme for use with hot water boilers.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention aims to provide an automatic control method for a hot water boiler, which takes the water outlet temperature and the water outlet flow as control cores and realizes the automatic control of the boiler through control strategies such as load control, fuel control, primary air control, secondary air control, oxygen control, bed temperature control and the like.
The invention provides an automatic control method of a hot water boiler, which comprises the following steps:
calculating the load of the boiler based on the effluent flow and the effluent temperature;
calculating to obtain the final required total air volume based on the boiler load and the total air volume self-adaptive correction program;
and calculating to obtain the total primary air volume based on the parameters of boiler load, oxygen amount, bed temperature and bed pressure.
Further, calculating the boiler load based on the effluent flow and the effluent temperature includes:
acquiring set values of the water outlet flow and the water outlet temperature, carrying out different speed limits on the set value output, and directly adjusting the water outlet flow by a circulating water pump;
calculating by a thermal load calculation module to obtain a current thermal load set value of the boiler, and obtaining rough adjustment feedforward of load adjustment by a thermal load conversion function;
and (4) taking the outlet water temperature as a PID closed-loop regulation control quantity, and outputting the boiler load through PID operation.
Further, based on the boiler load, the oxygen amount, the bed temperature and the bed pressure parameters, the total primary air volume is calculated and obtained, and the method comprises the following steps:
obtaining a primary air rough adjustment air quantity through a primary air quantity function corresponding to boiler load;
obtaining a theoretical bed temperature value under the current load through a bed temperature function corresponding to the boiler load, taking the theoretical bed temperature value as a set value of a bed temperature compensation PID, and outputting the PID as bed temperature compensation primary air quantity;
and obtaining the bed pressure compensation primary air quantity through the bed pressure corresponding compensation primary air quantity function.
Further, obtaining a theoretical bed temperature value under the current load through a bed temperature function corresponding to the boiler load, taking the theoretical bed temperature value as a set value of a bed temperature compensation PID, and outputting a bed temperature compensation primary air volume by the PID, wherein the method comprises the following steps:
and a 15 ℃ dead zone is set, when the change range of the bed temperature exceeds the theoretical bed temperature value +/-15 ℃, the bed temperature compensation PID outputs and carries out output amplitude limiting control of-5000 to + 5000.
Further, the method further comprises:
and calculating to obtain the total primary air volume based on the oxygen integral number parameter.
Further, the calculation of obtaining the total primary air volume based on the oxygen integration number parameter includes:
obtaining an oxygen integral number correction coefficient K through oxygen quantity regulation PID, wherein K is more than 0.8 and less than 1.2;
when K is more than 0.88 and less than 1.12, adjusting the integral number of the ferrite by secondary air;
and when the correction coefficient K of the integral number of the oxygen is more than 1.12 or K is less than 0.88, the calculated lack or surplus air volume is subjected to supplementary regulation through primary air volume control.
By means of the scheme, the automatic control of the hot water boiler is realized through the automatic control method of the hot water boiler.
The foregoing description is only an overview of the technical solutions of the present invention, and in order to make the technical solutions of the present invention more clearly understood and to implement them in accordance with the contents of the description, the following detailed description is given with reference to the preferred embodiments of the present invention and the accompanying drawings.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the load control of the automatic control method of the hot water boiler according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic control diagram of an automatic control method for a hot water boiler according to the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of the total air volume adaptive correction procedure of the automatic control method for hot water boiler of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of the primary air control strategy of the automatic control method of the hot water boiler of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a logic diagram of oxygen compensation primary air flow rate of the automatic control method of the hot water boiler according to the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a logic diagram of oxygen correction factor and secondary air control in an automated control method for a hot water boiler according to the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a graph of a unit manual operation in a manual operation mode;
fig. 8 is a graph of the continuous automatic operation of a unit to which the method of the present invention is applied.
Detailed Description
The following detailed description of embodiments of the present invention is provided in connection with the accompanying drawings and examples. The following examples are intended to illustrate the invention but are not intended to limit the scope of the invention.
The embodiment provides an automatic control method of a hot water boiler, which comprises the following steps:
calculating the load of the boiler based on the effluent flow and the effluent temperature;
calculating to obtain the final required total air volume based on the boiler load and the total air volume self-adaptive correction program;
and calculating to obtain the total primary air volume based on the parameters of boiler load, oxygen amount, bed temperature and bed pressure.
The present invention is described in further detail below.
1. Load control scheme
There are three variables in the calculation of the heat load of a water heater: the method comprises the steps of introducing two parameter variables of the outlet water flow and the outlet water temperature, setting the outlet water flow and the outlet water temperature by a manual operation station in a tracking state when a boiler main control is manually operated as shown in figure 1, respectively tracking the outlet water flow and the outlet water temperature measured value, setting the outlet water flow and the outlet water temperature by the manual operation station after the boiler main control is automatically operated, carrying out different speed limits on the set value output, directly adjusting the outlet water flow by a circulating water pump, obtaining the current heat load set value of the boiler after calculation by a heat load calculation module, obtaining rough adjustment feedforward of load adjustment by a heat load conversion function f1(x), using the outlet water temperature as a control quantity of PID closed loop adjustment, and outputting the boiler load by PID operation, respectively used for calculating air quantity, coal quantity, bed temperature and oxygen quantity.
2. Fuel control scheme
The fuel control adopts a one-to-four control mode, and the output of four coal feeders is simultaneously controlled by a PID controller so as to respond the requirement of the load change of the boiler on the fuel.
3. Control scheme of air-smoke system
As shown in fig. 2, the whole air-smoke system is taken as a control whole, the theoretical total air volume is calculated through a boiler load corresponding total air volume function, the error of the theoretical total air volume and the actual required air volume caused by air volume calibration, transmitter signal acquisition, air leakage volume and other factors is considered, the total air volume self-adaptive correction program shown in fig. 3 is added to the calculation of the total air volume, the finally required total air volume instruction is calculated through parameters such as the actual total air volume, the theoretical total air volume, a boiler instruction and the like, and the accuracy of the theoretical total air volume is improved.
In the calculation of the primary air volume, as shown in fig. 3, the total primary air volume after calculation is determined by the load, the oxygen amount, the bed temperature and the bed pressure, and the adjusting effect can be ensured. The method specifically comprises the following steps: obtaining a primary air rough adjustment air quantity through a load corresponding primary air quantity function f2 (x); obtaining a theoretical bed temperature value under the current load through a bed temperature function f3(x) corresponding to the load, taking the theoretical bed temperature value as a set value of a bed temperature compensation PID, outputting the PID as bed temperature compensation primary air volume, and setting a 15 ℃ dead zone, namely outputting the bed temperature compensation PID only when the change range of the bed temperature exceeds the theoretical bed temperature value +/-15 ℃, and carrying out output amplitude limiting control of-5000 to +5000 on the bed temperature compensation PID; and obtaining the bed pressure compensation primary air quantity through the bed pressure corresponding compensation primary air quantity function f4 (x).
The influence of the oxygen volume fraction parameter should be fully considered in the calculation of the primary air volume, as shown in fig. 4 and 5, an oxygen integral number correction coefficient K (K is more than 0.8 and less than 1.2) is obtained by an oxygen volume regulation PID, when K is more than 0.88 and less than 1.12, the secondary air regulation capability is considered to be sufficient, and the oxygen integral number is regulated by only adopting secondary air; when the correction coefficient K of the integral number of the oxygen is more than 1.12 or K is less than 0.88, the oxygen regulating capacity of the secondary air is considered to be insufficient, and the calculated lack or surplus air volume is subjected to supplementary regulation through primary air volume control, so that the response capacity of the whole air-smoke system to the integral number of the oxygen is accelerated, and the problem of unbalance proportion of the primary air and the secondary air in the regulating process is avoided.
The rated heat production of a certain circulating fluidized bed hot water boiler (QXF168-1.6/130/70-M3) is 168MW, the rated water outlet temperature is 130 ℃, and the rated water return temperature is 70 ℃. Before the control method provided by the embodiment is adopted, as shown in fig. 7, the boiler is in a manual operation mode for a long time, once a variable load working condition occurs, the system can be recovered to be stable only by a plurality of manual adjustment periods, and the phenomenon of overtemperature of the outlet water occurs for a plurality of times in actual operation. After the control method provided by the embodiment is adopted, as shown in fig. 8, the operation states of two parameters, namely the outlet water temperature and the outlet water flow, are stable in the stable load operation process of the boiler, the overshoot of the controlled parameter variable is small in the load change process, and the stability can be recovered in a relatively quick time.
The automatic control method for the hot water boiler provided by the embodiment takes the water outlet temperature and the water outlet flow as control cores, and realizes the automatic control of the boiler through control strategies such as load control, fuel control, primary air control, secondary air control, oxygen control, bed temperature control and the like.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention, it should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, many modifications and variations can be made without departing from the technical principle of the present invention, and these modifications and variations should also be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (4)
1. An automatic control method for a hot water boiler is characterized by comprising the following steps:
calculate boiler load based on effluent flow and effluent temperature, include: acquiring set values of the water outlet flow and the water outlet temperature, carrying out different speed limits on the set value output, and directly adjusting the water outlet flow by a circulating water pump; calculating by a thermal load calculation module to obtain a current thermal load set value of the boiler, and obtaining rough adjustment feedforward of load adjustment by a thermal load conversion function; taking the outlet water temperature as a PID closed-loop regulation control quantity, and outputting the boiler load through PID operation;
calculating to obtain the final required total air volume based on the boiler load and the total air volume self-adaptive correction program;
based on boiler load, oxygen volume, bed temperature and bed pressure parameters, calculating to obtain the total primary air volume, comprising: obtaining a primary air rough adjustment air quantity through a primary air quantity function corresponding to boiler load; obtaining a theoretical bed temperature value under the current load through a bed temperature function corresponding to the boiler load, taking the theoretical bed temperature value as a set value of a bed temperature compensation PID, and outputting the PID as bed temperature compensation primary air quantity; and obtaining the bed pressure compensation primary air quantity through the bed pressure corresponding compensation primary air quantity function.
2. The automatic control method of the hot water boiler according to claim 1, wherein a theoretical bed temperature value under the current load is obtained by a bed temperature function corresponding to the boiler load and is used as a set value of a bed temperature compensation PID, and the PID outputs a bed temperature compensation primary air volume, comprising:
and a 15 ℃ dead zone is set, when the change range of the bed temperature exceeds the theoretical bed temperature value +/-15 ℃, the bed temperature compensation PID outputs and carries out output amplitude limiting control of-5000 to + 5000.
3. The automatic control method of a hot water boiler according to claim 2, further comprising:
and calculating to obtain the total primary air volume based on the oxygen integral number parameter.
4. The automatic control method of a hot water boiler according to claim 3, wherein obtaining the total volume of the primary air by calculation based on the oxygen volume fraction parameter comprises:
obtaining an oxygen integral number correction coefficient K through oxygen quantity regulation PID, wherein K is more than 0.8 and less than 1.2;
when K is more than 0.88 and less than 1.12, adjusting the integral number of the ferrite by secondary air;
and when the correction coefficient K of the integral number of the oxygen is more than 1.12 or K is less than 0.88, the calculated lack or surplus air volume is subjected to supplementary regulation through primary air volume control.
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Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN1441193A (en) * | 2002-07-01 | 2003-09-10 | 北京和利时***工程股份有限公司 | Automatic regulation method for comprehensive combustion in circular fluidized bed boiler |
| CN101551103A (en) * | 2009-04-30 | 2009-10-07 | 东莞德永佳纺织制衣有限公司 | Automatic boiler combustion control system of circulating fluid bed |
| CN102109172A (en) * | 2009-12-24 | 2011-06-29 | 江苏方天电力技术有限公司 | Fuel-water ratio control method for supercritical and ultra supercritical unit |
| CN103197547A (en) * | 2013-02-28 | 2013-07-10 | 哈尔滨工业大学 | Peak-shaving boiler heating station heating demand optimized dispatching method using particle swarm optimization |
Family Cites Families (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP3424024B2 (en) * | 1994-10-17 | 2003-07-07 | 川崎重工業株式会社 | Gas temperature estimation method and apparatus |
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Patent Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN1441193A (en) * | 2002-07-01 | 2003-09-10 | 北京和利时***工程股份有限公司 | Automatic regulation method for comprehensive combustion in circular fluidized bed boiler |
| CN101551103A (en) * | 2009-04-30 | 2009-10-07 | 东莞德永佳纺织制衣有限公司 | Automatic boiler combustion control system of circulating fluid bed |
| CN102109172A (en) * | 2009-12-24 | 2011-06-29 | 江苏方天电力技术有限公司 | Fuel-water ratio control method for supercritical and ultra supercritical unit |
| CN103197547A (en) * | 2013-02-28 | 2013-07-10 | 哈尔滨工业大学 | Peak-shaving boiler heating station heating demand optimized dispatching method using particle swarm optimization |
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