CN101556038A - Optimization control system for stable operation and economical combustion of circulating fluidized-bed boiler - Google Patents
Optimization control system for stable operation and economical combustion of circulating fluidized-bed boiler Download PDFInfo
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- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 41
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- 239000003245 coal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 23
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- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 239000003546 flue gas Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000004939 coking Methods 0.000 description 4
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical group [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 description 2
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- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 2
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- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006477 desulfuration reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
The invention discloses an optimization control system for the stable operation and economical combustion of a circulating fluidized-bed boiler, which comprises a thermal efficiency optimizing controller of a boiler, a bed temperature controller, an input air controller for the primary air, an input air controller for the secondary air, a fed-back material volume controller, a bed pressure controller and a coal supply controller. Based on the key factors affecting economical combustion, such as air overstock factor, combustion rate and the length of stay, the thermal efficiency of the boiler is taken as the objective function, the optimization algorithm of 2-demension gradient method is adopted to optimize the bed temperature and the input air of the secondary air and then the advanced split control algorithm of intelligent selectivity is adopted by the bed temperature control so as to effectively control the bed temperature. According to the technical proposal of the invention, the system can realize the stable operation and the combustion economical efficiency of the circulating fluidized-bed boiler by the effective integration of the stable operation and economical combustion.
Description
(1) technical field
The present invention relates to control system for circulating fluidized bed boiler, relate in particular to a kind of CFBB stable operation and economical combustion optimal control system.
Guarantee stable operation of the boiler, the most important thing is to control well combustion share in the burner hearth, satisfying the requirement that boiler load is exerted oneself, and prevent high-temperature coking; Economical combustion need improve boiler thermal output, and this is mainly relevant with the burning velocity of coefficient of excess air, coal and the time of staying in stove.
(2) background technology
Combustion technology of circulating fluidized is a kind of clean coal combustion technology of generally acknowledging both at home and abroad.CFBB has that fuel tolerance is wide, the desulfuration in furnace cost is low, pollutant emission is few, efficiency of combustion is high, load regulation rate is big and special advantages such as ash comprehensive utilization, become the most successful clean combustion technology of practicalization, develop rapidly in the industrialization of power industry forward, maximization direction at present.According to incompletely statistics, about 3000 of the CFBBs of the total above different capacitance grade of 35t/h of China, maximum unit capacity has reached 300MW, and now, China has become the country that CFB unit quantity is maximum in the world, total installation of generating capacity is maximum and with the fastest developing speed.Yet also there are a lot of problems in the overall operation level of the CFBB of China, and especially the automatic control technology of control system and matched with devices is ripe not enough.In power plant's actual motion, CFB boiler load undercapacity, be easy to generate in the low inferior CFB of the being boiler operatiopn of high-temperature coking interruption of service, boiler thermal output distinct issues, except reasons such as master-plan level, equipment manufacturing technology, the designing requirement of service condition substantial deviation, not playing one's part to the full with control system also has much relations.
Existing burning in circulating fluid bed boiler control technology is a lot, wherein, the logical automatic control Co., Ltd in Xiamen summer sea discloses a kind of patent application (number of patent application: 03143920.9) of burning in circulating fluid bed boiler optimal control, pressure or temperature with Boiler Steam are setting value, optimize particle concentration, air quantity and coal-supplying amount, reach smooth combustion and energy-conservation target; Keyuan Control Engineering Co., Ltd., Nanjing discloses a kind of patent application (number of patent application: 200510095410.X) of burning in circulating fluid bed boiler optimal control, with bed temperature correction " carbon residue amount ", by changing a wind control " carbon residue amount ", satisfy steam turbine side energy requirement, reach the control target of taking into account bed temperature simultaneously, adjust secondary air flow according to flue gas oxygen content, reach the target of economical combustion.Southeast China University discloses the patent application (number of patent application: 200810022316.5) of a kind of burning in circulating fluid bed boiler optimization and diagnosis, set up neural network model and gather chemistry of fuel assay value and other artificial measured value according to real-time running data, utilize counter balancing method to calculate boiler thermal output, as the foundation of optimizing and revising and diagnosing.Propositions such as Wang Dewen utilize the steam coal amount to liken to be the thermal efficiency, adopt adaptive searching optimal algorithm to optimize wind coal proportion, realize the burning optimization (Wang Dewen etc. of CFBB, the application of fuzzy control in the burning in circulating fluid bed boiler control system, electric power information, 1997,4:47～50).
The present automatic operational percentage of domestic CFB boiler combustion and low, usually the control scheme of CFB generally is the simple modification to coal-powder boiler control scheme, relevant control technology mainly comprises both at home and abroad, according to the requirement of outer bound pair boiler load, regulate coal-supplying amount, according to wind of coal-supplying amount calculating and secondary air flow, calculate the bed temperature setting value according to load, regulate the returning charge amount or finely tune wind flow one time according to bed temperature, bed temperature is too high to be reduced control strategy such as coal-supplying amount again and controls bed temperature, to guarantee the stable operation of boiler; On this basis, control by the flue gas oxygen content definite value and to adjust secondary air flow, to reach the purpose of economical combustion.Effect is unsatisfactory in actual applications for above-mentioned control scheme, mainly has the following aspects:
1, ature of coal difference, load difference guarantee that a key factor flue gas oxygen content of economical combustion is not a definite value, but a scope.Its two, the poor reliability of flue gas oxygen content instrument be difficult to guarantee that the flue gas oxygen content control loop is difficult for long-term stable operation;
2, ature of coal difference, the bed temperature setting value under the different load also should be different, do not consider that the given bed temperature of variation of ature of coal sets value the very difficult assurance of its reasonability.Bed temperature is not only influences key factor of boiler economical combustion, also is simultaneously the key factor that is related to the flameholding operation;
3, the burning optimization neither one directly reflects the optimization aim of boiler thermal output, even have but because of adopting counter balancing method that it is calculated, need to rely on the manual analysis data, is difficult to guarantee the online real time execution of optimizing;
Though 4, burning optimization have clear and definite can be in the optimization aim of line computation, the variable of optimizing is considered not comprehensive, as only considering wind coal proportion, do not consider that parameter such as bed temperature is to influence of economical combustion or the like;
5, two aspects of stable operation and economical combustion control are not effectively integrated.Bed temperature is not only the factor that characterizes economical combustion, also is the key factor that is related to the flameholding operation.When considering economical combustion, need the collaborative effective closed-loop control of considering bed temperature, satisfy the requirement of exerting oneself of boiler peak load, prevent high-temperature coking.
Because existing control technology does not solve the problem of above several aspects well, therefore, the stable operation of CFBB and economical combustion are difficult to be achieved.
(3) summary of the invention:
The invention provides a kind of CFBB stable operation and economical combustion optimal control system.
The present invention is provided with the boiler thermal output optimal controller, secondary air flow controller, bed temperature controller, returning charge controller, a wind flow controller, bed pressure-controlled device, coal supply controller.
Wherein the boiler thermal output optimal controller is an optimization calculation element that is used to export secondary air flow set point change amount and bed temperature set point change amount, with boiler thermal output as optimization aim, adopt positive balance method real-time online to calculate, wherein the low heat value of coal is got a constant, system optimizing control adopts two-dimentional gradient method algorithm, optimize the variable quantity of calculating secondary air flow and the variable quantity of bed temperature setting value, make above-mentioned described target letter function obtain maximum, constraints is on the appliance arrangement ability, on lower limit and the operation condition, lower limit, by real-time control secondary air flow and bed temperature, make combustion process approach the economical combustion optimal region, and reach the purpose of stable operation of the boiler.
The setting value of secondary air flow controller is from the output of optimal controller and load-secondary air flow setting curve setting value sum, secondary air flow adopts conventional single loop pid algorithm to carry out real-time closed-loop control, wherein load-secondary air flow setting curve is to set according to the data that operating experience or boiler producer provide, and carries out online dynamic correction according to real-time secondary air flow optimal value.
The setting value of bed temperature controller is from the output of boiler thermal output optimal controller and load-bed temperature setting curve setting value sum, wherein load-bed temperature setting curve is to set according to the data that operating experience or boiler producer provide, and carries out online dynamic correction according to real-time bed temperature optimal value.
The bed temperature controller is a calculation element that is used to export wind flow variable quantity, returning charge amount (returning charge wind flow), bed pressure and four controllers setting values of coal-supplying amount variable quantity, the bed temperature controller adopts Intelligence Selection-minute journey advanced control algorithm, comprise intelligent rules selection module, divide the process control module, its characteristics one, intelligent rules selects module according to the bed temperature variation tendency, based on the expertise rule logical operation is set, the order of the above-mentioned wind flow of self-organizing, returning charge amount, bed pressure and four controller inputs of coal-supplying amount adjustment operation; Its characteristics two, divide the process control module to be, above-mentioned four loop control units are equivalent to the multi executors of bed temperature controller, bed temperature controller and above-mentioned No. four controllers constitute branch process control pattern, usually require with capacity of equipment bound, technology operational factor bound and the actuator travel bound as minute value of setting of journey point, each controller employing pid algorithm or other control algolithm.
Bed temperature controller Intelligence Selection-minute process control algorithm, set up following rule:
Definition: the difference of the allowable upper limit value of bed temperature and bed temperature actual measured value is referred to as the deviation Te of bed temperature, and the rate of change of bed temperature is Δ Te;
(1) if Te≤10 ℃, perhaps Te≤15 ℃ and Δ Te 〉=5 ℃/min, then the bed temperature controller exports the coal-supplying amount variable quantity to, is referred to as bed temperature-coal supply control model;
(2) if Te＞15 ℃, perhaps Te＞10 ℃ and Δ Te＜5 ℃/min, then the bed temperature controller exports returning charge amount controller setting value to, is referred to as bed temperature-returning charge control model;
(3) under bed temperature-returning charge control model, according to the aperture bound of a returning charge actuator and a wind actuator or relevant operational factor as a minute journey point, returning charge controller and a wind blast volume controller carry out the branch process control, are referred to as bed temperature-returning charge/one time wind and divide the process control pattern;
(4) if there is not returning charge to regulate (as adopting self-balancing returning charge mechanism), then do not carry out (2), (3) step; When Te＞15 ℃, perhaps Te＞10 ℃ and Δ Te＜5 ℃/min, then the bed temperature controller exports wind air quantity variable quantity to one time, is referred to as bed temperature-time wind control model;
(5) if Te＞15 ℃, perhaps Te＞10 ℃ and Δ Te＜5 ℃/min, load simultaneously in the adjusting range of a certain direction accumulative total greater than 10%, then the bed temperature controller preferentially exports a pressure-controlled device setting value to, be referred to as bed temperature-bed pressure-controlled pattern, and constitute with returning charge amount and primary air flow or primary air flow and to divide a process control.
The setting value of a wind flow controller is from the output of bed temperature controller and load--a wind flow setting curve setting value sum, one time wind flow adopts conventional single loop pid algorithm to carry out real-time closed-loop control, load wherein--wind flow setting curve is to set according to the data that operating experience or boiler producer provide, and carries out online dynamic correction according to the output of bed temperature controller.
The setting value of returning charge amount controller is the output from the bed temperature controller, and the returning charge amount adopts conventional single loop pid algorithm to carry out real-time closed-loop control (can not consider to be provided with this controller for the CFBB with self-balancing type returning charge mechanism).
The setting value of bed pressure-controlled device is the output from the bed temperature controller, and bed is pressed and adopted conventional single loop pid algorithm to carry out real-time closed-loop control.
The setting value of coal-supplying amount controller is from the output of bed temperature controller and load governor output sum, the setting value of load governor is exported vapor flow rate or heat or boiler pressure by the boiler of technological operation personnel setting and is set, and load governor adopts conventional single loop pid algorithm to carry out real-time closed-loop control.
A kind of CFBB stable operation and economical combustion optimal control system that the present invention proposes, one of key point is around the key factor that influences boiler thermal output, the bed temperature of having selected to reflect the secondary air flow of coefficient of excess air and reflect the coal tail-off time and the time of staying is as control variables, with the thermal efficiency is direct optimization aim, by optimal control, reach the purpose of economical combustion.
Two of key point is according to bed temperature it is the direct reflection of combustion share, change at load variations and ature of coal that can't on-line measurement, the bed temperature Intelligence Selection that adopts-minute Cheng Xianjin control strategy, selected the control variables of key factors such as the returning charge amount of comprehensive reflection combustion share, wind flow and bed pressure as bed temperature, by adopting advanced control, reached the purpose of stable operation of the boiler.
Operation facts have proved that under the different atures of coal, under the different load, boiler producer or production technology personnel are difficult to provide the bed temperature value that can reach under the optimal operational condition, and this is an one; Its two, too much even obtained the optimum temperature control point because of the adjustment factor that relates to, rely on manually-operated also to be difficult to reach effective control to bed temperature and boiler thermal output.The present invention is by to the effectively integrating of stable operation and two aspects of economical combustion, and preventing high-temperature coking, satisfying boiler load and exert oneself and require promptly to guarantee under the prerequisite of stable operation of the boiler, and can realize the economical combustion of boiler.
(4) description of drawings
Accompanying drawing is the control block diagram of the embodiment of the invention.
(5) embodiment
Control system among the present invention as shown in drawings, the device A be boiler thermal output burning optimization controller, the device B1 be the load governor device, C1 coal-supplying amount controller, the device D1 be the actuator of C1, can be frequency converter or relevant arrangements for speed regulation; Device B2 is the bed temperature controller, device F2 is a bed temperature setting value setting apparatus, it is load-bed temperature setting curve function, device C2, C3, C4 is respectively a wind flow controller, returning charge amount controller and bed pressure-controlled device, wherein installing F1 is the setting apparatus of a wind flow setting value, it is-wind flow setting curve function of load, device D2, D3, D4 is respectively a wind flow actuator, returning charge amount actuator and bed are pressed actuator, device C5 is the secondary air flow controller, device D5 is the secondary air flow actuator, device F3 is the setting apparatus of secondary air flow setting value, be load-secondary air flow setting curve function, device E is the CFBB device.
The PV end of thermal efficiency optimal controller A is the process measurement variable, be used to calculate boiler thermal output, optimal controller A and with the boiler thermal output maximum as the optimization aim function, adopt two-dimentional gradient method to optimize algorithm optimization bed temperature and secondary wind, output OP1 and OP2 are respectively the variable quantity of bed temperature and secondary air flow setting value.
F1, F2, F3 are respectively the setting value setting apparatus of wind flow, bed temperature and a secondary air flow, its PV end is boiler load, be generally coal-supplying amount, output is respectively the setting value SV1 of wind flow controller C2, a bed temperature controller B1 and secondary air flow controller C5, and setting curve is to set according to the data that operating experience or boiler producer provide.
The PV end of load governor B1 is the measured value of boiler output vapor flow rate or heat or boiler pressure, and the SV end is the controller setting value by the technological operation personnel setting, and output is the setting value SV1 of coal supply controller C1.The PV end of coal supply controller C1 is coal supply flow or frequency conversion rotating speed measured value, SV2 is the output coal supply variable quantity OP1 of bed temperature controller B2, SV1+SV2 is as the setting value of coal supply controller C1, and its output outputs on the coal supply actuator D1, and above controller adopts pid algorithm or other algorithm.
The PV end of bed temperature controller B2 is that the measured value of bed temperature, SV1 are the output of bed temperature setting value setting apparatus F2, and SV2 is the output bed temperature variable quantity OP1 of optimal controller A, and SV1+SV2 is as the setting value of bed temperature controller B2.Output OP1～OP4 of bed temperature controller B2 is connected respectively to the SV2 end of controller C1～C2 and the SV end of C3～C4, the bed temperature control system that is constituted by bed temperature controller B2, coal supply controller C1, wind flow controller C2, a returning charge amount controller C3, bed pressure-controlled device C4 and actuator D1～D4 thereof, adopt Intelligence Selection-minute process control algorithm, require with capacity of equipment bound, technology operational factor bound usually and the actuator travel bound as minute value of setting of journey point.
The PV end of secondary wind controller C5 is the secondary air flow measured value, SV1 is the output of secondary air flow setting value setting apparatus F3, SV2 is the variable quantity OP2 of the output secondary air flow of optimal controller A, and SV1+SV2 is as the setting value of secondary air flow controller C5.The output of secondary air flow controller C5 outputs on the secondary air flow actuator D5, and controller adopts pid algorithm or other algorithm.
The PV end of a wind controller C2 is a wind flow measured value, and SV1 is the output of a wind flow setting value setting apparatus F1, and SV2 is the variable quantity OP2 of the output primary air flow of temperature controller B2, and SV1+SV2 is as the setting value of a wind flow controller B2.The output of a wind flow controller C2 outputs on wind flow actuator D2, and controller adopts pid algorithm or other algorithm.
The PV end of returning charge amount controller C3 is returning charge wind flow measured value, and SV is the output OP3 of bed temperature controller B2, and the output of returning charge amount controller C3 outputs on the returning charge amount actuator D3, and controller adopts pid algorithm or other algorithm.
The PV end of bed pressure-controlled device C4 is pressed measured value for bed, and SV is the output OP4 of temperature controller B2, and the output of bed pressure-controlled device C4 outputs on the deslagging actuator D4, and controller adopts pid algorithm or other algorithm.
Claims (7)
1, a kind of CFBB stable operation and economical combustion optimal control system, it is characterized in that according to real-time process measurement value, at the line computation boiler thermal output, with it is object function, adopt two-dimentional gradient method to optimize algorithm optimization bed temperature and secondary wind air quantity, to obtain the economical combustion of boiler;
Intelligence Selection-minute journey advanced control algorithm is adopted in bed temperature control, implements the effective control to bed temperature, by to the effectively integrating of stable operation and two aspects of economical combustion, can realize the economy of the stable operation and the burning of CFBB.
2, a kind of CFBB stable operation according to claim 1 and economical combustion optimal control system, its feature also comprises: be that described bed temperature setting value is bed temperature-load curve setting value and thermal efficiency optimal controller bed temperature variable quantity optimization output valve sum, wherein, bed temperature-load curve is to set according to the data that operating experience or boiler producer provide, and carries out online dynamic correction according to real-time bed temperature optimal value.
3, a kind of CFBB stable operation according to claim 1 and economical combustion optimal control system, its feature also comprises: be that described secondary air flow setting value is load-secondary air flow curve setting value and thermal efficiency optimal controller secondary air flow variable quantity optimization output valve sum, wherein, load-secondary air flow curve is to set according to the data that operating experience or boiler producer provide, and carries out online dynamic correction according to real-time secondary air flow optimal value.
4, a kind of CFBB stable operation according to claim 1 and economical combustion optimal control system, its feature also comprises: be that described bed temperature setting value is load-bed temperature curve setting value and thermal efficiency optimal controller bed temperature variable quantity optimization output valve sum, wherein, load-bed temperature curve is to set according to the data that operating experience or boiler producer provide, and carries out online dynamic correction according to real-time bed temperature optimal value.
5, the stable operation of a kind of CFBB according to claim 1 and economical combustion optimal control system, its feature also comprises: be described bed temperature control employing Intelligence Selection-minute journey advanced control algorithm, comprise intelligent rules selection module, divide the process control module, its characteristics one, intelligent rules selects module according to the bed temperature variation tendency, based on the expertise rule logical operation is set, the order of the above-mentioned wind flow of self-organizing, returning charge amount, bed pressure and four controller inputs of coal-supplying amount adjustment operation; Its characteristics two, divide the process control module to be, above-mentioned four loop control units are equivalent to the multi executors of bed temperature controller, bed temperature controller and above-mentioned No. four controllers constitute branch process control pattern, usually require with capacity of equipment bound, technology operational factor bound and the actuator travel bound as minute value of setting of journey point, each controller employing pid algorithm or other control algolithm.
6, according to claim 1 and the described bed temperature controller of claim 5 Intelligence Selection-minute journey advanced control algorithm, its feature also comprises: setting the allowable upper limit value of bed temperature and the difference of bed temperature actual measured value is the deviation Te of bed temperature, the rate of change of bed temperature is Δ Te, and intelligent rules selects module to follow following rule:
(1) if Te≤10 ℃, perhaps Te≤15 ℃ and Δ Te 〉=5 ℃/min, then the bed temperature controller exports the coal-supplying amount variable quantity to, is referred to as bed temperature-coal supply control model;
(2) if Te＞15 ℃, perhaps Te＞10 ℃ and Δ Te＜5 ℃/min, then the bed temperature controller exports returning charge amount controller setting value to, is referred to as bed temperature-returning charge control model;
(3) under bed temperature-returning charge control model, according to the aperture bound of a returning charge actuator and a wind actuator and relevant operational factor as a minute journey point, returning charge controller and a wind blast volume controller carry out the branch process control, are referred to as bed temperature-returning charge, a wind divides the process control pattern;
(4) if there is not returning charge to regulate (as adopting self-balancing returning charge mechanism), then do not carry out (2), (3) step, when Te＞15 ℃, perhaps Te＞10 ℃ and Δ Te＜5 ℃/min, then the bed temperature controller exports wind air quantity variable quantity to one time, is referred to as bed temperature-time wind control model;
(5) if Te＞15 ℃, perhaps Te＞10 ℃ and Δ Te＜5 ℃/min, the adjusting range of loading simultaneously accumulative total is greater than 10%, then the bed temperature controller preferentially exports a pressure-controlled device setting value to, be referred to as bed temperature-bed pressure-controlled pattern, and constitute with returning charge amount and primary air flow or primary air flow and to divide a process control.
7, according to claim 1 and the described wind flow control of claim 6, its feature also comprises: one time the wind flow setting value is-wind flow curve setting value of load and a wind flow variable quantity of bed temperature controller output valve sum, wherein,-the wind flow curve of loading is to set according to the data that operating experience or boiler producer provide, and carries out online dynamic correction according to a wind air quantity changing value of bed temperature controller output.
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