CN108315232B - Biogas generating device capable of rapidly fermenting and decomposing straw and application method thereof - Google Patents

Biogas generating device capable of rapidly fermenting and decomposing straw and application method thereof Download PDF

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Publication number
CN108315232B
CN108315232B CN201810065197.5A CN201810065197A CN108315232B CN 108315232 B CN108315232 B CN 108315232B CN 201810065197 A CN201810065197 A CN 201810065197A CN 108315232 B CN108315232 B CN 108315232B
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straw
biogas
fermentation tank
skylight
sleeve
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CN108315232A (en
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苏雄
龚增利
李海岗
李美琴
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Su Xiong
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    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C12BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
    • C12MAPPARATUS FOR ENZYMOLOGY OR MICROBIOLOGY; APPARATUS FOR CULTURING MICROORGANISMS FOR PRODUCING BIOMASS, FOR GROWING CELLS OR FOR OBTAINING FERMENTATION OR METABOLIC PRODUCTS, i.e. BIOREACTORS OR FERMENTERS
    • C12M21/00Bioreactors or fermenters specially adapted for specific uses
    • C12M21/04Bioreactors or fermenters specially adapted for specific uses for producing gas, e.g. biogas
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02FTREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F11/00Treatment of sludge; Devices therefor
    • C02F11/02Biological treatment
    • C02F11/04Anaerobic treatment; Production of methane by such processes
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05FORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
    • C05F9/00Fertilisers from household or town refuse
    • C05F9/04Biological compost
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C12BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
    • C12MAPPARATUS FOR ENZYMOLOGY OR MICROBIOLOGY; APPARATUS FOR CULTURING MICROORGANISMS FOR PRODUCING BIOMASS, FOR GROWING CELLS OR FOR OBTAINING FERMENTATION OR METABOLIC PRODUCTS, i.e. BIOREACTORS OR FERMENTERS
    • C12M23/00Constructional details, e.g. recesses, hinges
    • C12M23/58Reaction vessels connected in series or in parallel
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C12BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
    • C12MAPPARATUS FOR ENZYMOLOGY OR MICROBIOLOGY; APPARATUS FOR CULTURING MICROORGANISMS FOR PRODUCING BIOMASS, FOR GROWING CELLS OR FOR OBTAINING FERMENTATION OR METABOLIC PRODUCTS, i.e. BIOREACTORS OR FERMENTERS
    • C12M29/00Means for introduction, extraction or recirculation of materials, e.g. pumps
    • C12M29/04Filters; Permeable or porous membranes or plates, e.g. dialysis
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C12BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
    • C12MAPPARATUS FOR ENZYMOLOGY OR MICROBIOLOGY; APPARATUS FOR CULTURING MICROORGANISMS FOR PRODUCING BIOMASS, FOR GROWING CELLS OR FOR OBTAINING FERMENTATION OR METABOLIC PRODUCTS, i.e. BIOREACTORS OR FERMENTERS
    • C12M29/00Means for introduction, extraction or recirculation of materials, e.g. pumps
    • C12M29/06Nozzles; Sprayers; Spargers; Diffusers
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C12BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
    • C12MAPPARATUS FOR ENZYMOLOGY OR MICROBIOLOGY; APPARATUS FOR CULTURING MICROORGANISMS FOR PRODUCING BIOMASS, FOR GROWING CELLS OR FOR OBTAINING FERMENTATION OR METABOLIC PRODUCTS, i.e. BIOREACTORS OR FERMENTERS
    • C12M29/00Means for introduction, extraction or recirculation of materials, e.g. pumps
    • C12M29/18External loop; Means for reintroduction of fermented biomass or liquid percolate
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02ATECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A40/00Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
    • Y02A40/10Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in agriculture
    • Y02A40/20Fertilizers of biological origin, e.g. guano or fertilizers made from animal corpses
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02EREDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E50/00Technologies for the production of fuel of non-fossil origin
    • Y02E50/30Fuel from waste, e.g. synthetic alcohol or diesel

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  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Zoology (AREA)
  • Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Bioinformatics & Cheminformatics (AREA)
  • Genetics & Genomics (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
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  • Biomedical Technology (AREA)
  • Biotechnology (AREA)
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  • Molecular Biology (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Clinical Laboratory Science (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Hydrology & Water Resources (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Water Supply & Treatment (AREA)
  • Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)
  • Treatment Of Sludge (AREA)

Abstract

The invention discloses a biogas generating device capable of rapidly fermenting and decomposing straws and a use method thereof, comprising a sealed biogas digester, wherein one side of the biogas digester is communicated with a discharging room, a skylight sleeve is arranged in the biogas digester, the upper end of the skylight sleeve is communicated with a straw fermentation tank arranged above the biogas digester, the lower end of the skylight sleeve is provided with a plurality of distributing holes, and the biogas digester is also communicated with a biogas discharge pipe; a water pump is arranged in the discharging chamber, the water pump is connected with a discharging pipeline, and the discharging pipeline is communicated with a spraying port arranged above the straw fermentation tank. The biogas digester effectively solves the problems of slow decomposition, easy floating crusting and low straw utilization rate of the straw in the biogas digester, realizes energy conservation and environmental protection, recycling of resources and reduces labor cost.

Description

Biogas generating device capable of rapidly fermenting and decomposing straw and application method thereof
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of biogas utilization; in particular to a biogas generating device capable of rapidly fermenting and decomposing straws and a use method thereof.
Background
A great number of household biogas digester is promoted in rural areas at present, and livestock manure and part of straw are mainly used as fermentation raw materials. On one hand, the cultivation amount is small, the excrement is less and can not be normally utilized, and the waste crop straws can be utilized to replace the waste crop straws, but the straws are not easy to decompose under the anaerobic environment condition in the biogas digester, and are easy to float to form crusts, so that the biogas digester for most households in rural areas is low in utilization rate or idle. On the other hand, a large amount of crop straws in rural areas are abandoned, and particularly, after some vegetable straws (such as cucumbers, tomatoes and the like can not be used as feed) are abandoned, serious environmental pollution can be caused.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a biogas generating device capable of rapidly fermenting and decomposing straws and a using method thereof; the biogas digester effectively solves the problems of slow decomposition, easy floating crusting and low straw utilization rate of the straw in the biogas digester, realizes energy conservation and environmental protection, recycling of resources and reduces labor cost.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows: a biogas generating device capable of rapidly fermenting and decomposing straw comprises a sealed biogas digester, wherein one side of the biogas digester is communicated with a discharging room, a skylight sleeve is arranged in the biogas digester, the upper end of the skylight sleeve is communicated with a straw fermentation tank arranged above the biogas digester, the lower end of the skylight sleeve is provided with a plurality of distributing holes, and the biogas digester is also communicated with a biogas discharge pipe; a water pump is arranged in the discharging chamber, the water pump is connected with a discharging pipeline, and the discharging pipeline is communicated with a spraying port arranged above the straw fermentation tank.
Furthermore, the invention is characterized in that:
wherein, a plurality of air distribution pipes are uniformly distributed in the straw fermentation tank, and a plurality of vent holes are arranged on the air distribution pipes.
One end of the air distribution pipe extends out of the straw fermentation tank, and the other end of the air distribution pipe is fixed at the bottom of the straw fermentation tank.
Wherein the bottom of the straw fermentation tank is of a funnel-shaped structure, and the lowest part of the bottom of the straw fermentation tank is communicated with the skylight sleeve.
Wherein the bottom of straw fermentation vat is provided with the filter screen, and the filter screen sets up the position top with skylight sleeve pipe intercommunication.
Wherein the discharge pipeline is provided with a first valve for controlling water outlet of the spray opening.
Wherein the discharge pipeline is provided with a liquid discharge pipe for discharging a plurality of residual liquid materials.
Wherein the lower part of the methane tank is communicated with the feed pipeline. Wherein the feed pipeline is connected with the cultivation house and the toilet.
The other technical scheme of the invention is as follows: the application method of the biogas generating device capable of rapidly fermenting and decomposing straw comprises the steps of discharging animal manure into a biogas digester; placing plant straws or household garbage and the like into a straw fermentation tank for fermentation; the biogas slurry in the biogas digester is discharged through a water pump in the discharging room and is sprayed on the straw in the straw fermentation tank through a spraying port; the fermentation liquor in the straw fermentation tank flows into the methane tank through the window sleeve, and the methane in the methane tank is discharged through the methane discharge pipe.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that: a straw fermentation tank is arranged above the biogas digester, a discharging room is arranged at one side of the biogas digester, a skylight sleeve is used for discharging straw fermentation liquor in the straw fermentation tank into the biogas digester, and the skylight sleeve can automatically seal biogas in the biogas digester; the water pump, the discharging pipeline and the spraying port in the discharging room can recycle liquid materials in the methane tank, the liquid materials are discharged into the straw fermentation tank, the decomposition of straw is further improved, the up-down stirring circulation of the methane tank is formed, and the gas production utilization rate is improved; and the liquid material is used for spraying the straw, so that the water can be supplemented for the straw, the carbon-nitrogen ratio can be adjusted, and the decomposed straw liquid can be filtered, so that no ponding exists on the straw fermentation liquid, and the material consumption of the methane tank is ensured.
Furthermore, the gas distribution pipe arranged in the straw fermentation tank provides natural ventilation in the straw fermentation process, an aerobic environment is formed, fermentation decomposition is quickened, and the ventilation hole arranged on the gas distribution pipe further improves ventilation effect. The straw fermentation tank not only can ferment crop straws, but also can collect various household garbage and scattered manure for fermentation innocent treatment, and finally the formed biogas, biogas slurry and biogas residues are effectively utilized, so that the purposes of energy conservation, environmental protection and waste recycling are achieved.
Furthermore, one end of the air distribution pipe extends out of the straw fermentation tank, so that the ventilation effect is further improved.
Furthermore, the funnel-shaped bottom structure can collect the straw decomposition liquid, and the straw decomposition liquid flows into the skylight sleeve from the lowest part of the funnel shape, and then enters the methane tank.
Furthermore, the filter screen is arranged on the skylight sleeve, so that decomposed water-soluble straw liquid can be filtered, and the undigested straw is blocked, so that the straw is continuously fermented and decomposed, and sundries such as straw or other waste plastics are further prevented from flowing into the methane tank to form crusting or blocking the skylight sleeve.
Furthermore, the feeding pipeline is connected with the breeding house, the toilet and the like, so that the excrement of animals and people can be directly discharged into the biogas digester for biogas fermentation, and the sanitation of the breeding house and the toilet is improved.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural view of the present invention.
In the figure: 1 is a toilet; 2 is a breeding house; 3 is a feeding pipeline; 4 is a methane tank; 5 is a skylight sleeve; 6 is a cloth hole; 7 is a discharging room; 8 is a water pump; 9 is a discharge pipeline; 10 is a spray nozzle; 11 is a straw fermentation tank; 12 is an air distribution pipe; 13 is a filter screen; 14 is a communication hole; 15 is a liquid discharge pipe; 16 is a first valve; 17 is a second valve; and 18 is a methane discharge pipe.
Detailed Description
The technical scheme of the invention is further described below with reference to the attached drawings and specific embodiments.
The invention provides a biogas generating device capable of rapidly fermenting and decomposing straws, which is shown in figure 1, and comprises a biogas digester 4, wherein one side of the biogas digester 4 is communicated with a discharging room 7, a water pump 8 is arranged in the discharging room 7, and the water pump 8 is connected with a spraying port 10 through a discharging pipeline 9; a skylight pipeline 5 is arranged in the biogas digester 4, the upper end of the skylight pipeline 5 is communicated with a straw fermentation tank 11, a plurality of distributing holes 6 are uniformly formed in the lower end of the skylight pipeline 5, and the straw fermentation tank 11 is arranged above the biogas digester 4; wherein the spraying port 10 is arranged above the straw fermentation tank 11; a biogas outlet pipe 18 is arranged above the biogas digester 4.
Preferably, a plurality of vertical air distribution pipes 12 are arranged in the straw fermentation tank 11, one ends of the air distribution pipes 12 are fixed at the bottom of the straw fermentation tank 11, the other ends of the air distribution pipes 12 extend out of the straw fermentation tank 11, and a plurality of ventilation holes are uniformly formed in the air distribution pipes 12.
Preferably, the bottom of the straw fermentation tank 11 is of a funnel-shaped structure, a communication hole 14 is formed in the lowest part of the funnel shape, and the communication hole 14 is formed by communicating the skylight sleeve 5 with the straw fermentation tank 11; the communication hole 14 is provided with a filter screen 13.
Preferably, the lower part of the biogas digester 4 is provided with a feed pipeline 3, the feed pipeline 3 is communicated with the toilet 1, the cultivation house 2 and the like, and the excrement of animals and people is directly fed into the biogas digester 4 through the feed pipeline 3.
Preferably, the discharging pipeline 9 is provided with a first valve 16, and the first valve 16 is used for controlling the spraying port 10 to spray biogas slurry; the discharge pipeline 9 is also communicated with a liquid discharge pipe 15, the liquid discharge pipe 15 is provided with a second valve 17, and the second valve 17 is used for controlling the discharge of redundant biogas slurry.
Preferably, the upper part of the biogas digester 4 is separated from the discharging room 7, and the lower part is communicated.
The invention also provides a using method of the biogas generating device, the straw fermentation tank 11 is used for fermenting plant straws and household garbage and generating fermentation liquor, the fermentation liquor flows into the biogas tank 4 through the skylight sleeve 5 after being filtered by the filter screen, the feed pipeline 3 discharges animal excreta such as excrement into the biogas tank 4, the biogas tank 4 is fermented to obtain biogas, biogas slurry and biogas residues, the biogas is discharged through the biogas discharge pipe 18, the biogas residues are discharged through the discharge chamber 7, and the biogas slurry is discharged through the water pump 8. Closing the second valve 17, opening the first valve 16, spraying biogas slurry into the straw fermentation tank 11 through the water pump 8 and the spraying port 10, and promoting the fermentation of straw.
When the biogas slurry in the biogas digester 4 is excessive, the first valve 16 is closed, the second valve 17 is opened, and the generated biogas slurry is discharged through the liquid discharge pipe 15 and is directly used as fertilizer for crops.

Claims (6)

1. The utility model provides a can ferment and decompose marsh gas generating device of straw fast which characterized in that, including sealed methane-generating pit (4), one side intercommunication of methane-generating pit (4) has ejection of compact room (7), is provided with skylight sleeve pipe (5) in methane-generating pit (4), and the upper end intercommunication of skylight sleeve pipe (5) sets up straw fermentation vat (11) above methane-generating pit (4), and the lower extreme of skylight sleeve pipe (5) is opened and is had a plurality of cloth hole (6), still communicates marsh gas discharge pipe (18) on methane-generating pit (4); a water pump (8) is arranged in the discharging room (7), the water pump (8) is connected with a discharging pipeline (9), and the discharging pipeline (9) is communicated with a spraying port (10) arranged above the straw fermentation tank (11);
a plurality of air distribution pipes (12) are uniformly distributed in the straw fermentation tank (11), and a plurality of ventilation holes are formed in the air distribution pipes (12);
One end of the air distribution pipe (12) extends out of the straw fermentation tank (11), and the other end of the air distribution pipe (12) is fixed at the bottom of the straw fermentation tank (11);
the bottom of the straw fermentation tank (11) is of a funnel-shaped structure, and the lowest part of the bottom of the straw fermentation tank is communicated with the skylight sleeve (5);
a communication hole is formed in the lowest part of the bottom of the straw fermentation tank (11), and the communication hole is used for communicating the straw fermentation tank (11) with the skylight sleeve (5);
a filter screen (13) is arranged at the bottom of the straw fermentation tank (11), and the filter screen (13) is arranged above the position communicated with the skylight sleeve (5);
a plurality of cloth holes (6) are formed in the circumferential direction of the bottom end of the skylight sleeve (5).
2. Biogas generating device capable of rapid fermentation and decomposition of straw according to claim 1, characterized in that the discharge pipe (9) is provided with a first valve (16) controlling the water outlet of the spray nozzle (10).
3. Biogas generating device capable of rapid fermentation and decomposition of straw according to claim 1, characterized in that the discharge pipe (9) is provided with a drain pipe (15) for draining the multi-residual liquid.
4. Biogas generating device capable of rapid fermentation and decomposition of straw according to claim 1, characterized in that the lower part of the biogas digester (4) is in communication with a feed conduit (3).
5. Biogas generating device capable of rapid fermentation and decomposition of straw according to claim 4, characterized in that the feed pipe (3) connects the cultivation house (2) and the toilet (1).
6. A method of using a biogas generating apparatus as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that it comprises discharging animal manure into the biogas digester (4); placing plant straws or household garbage into a straw fermentation tank (11) for fermentation; the biogas slurry in the biogas digester (4) is discharged through a water pump (8) in the discharging room (7) and is sprayed on the straws in the straw fermentation tank (11) through a spraying opening (10); the fermentation liquor in the straw fermentation tank (11) flows into the methane tank (4) through the skylight sleeve (5), and the methane in the methane tank (4) is discharged through the methane discharge pipe (18).
CN201810065197.5A 2018-01-23 2018-01-23 Biogas generating device capable of rapidly fermenting and decomposing straw and application method thereof Active CN108315232B (en)

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN111548922A (en) * 2020-06-22 2020-08-18 杭州德哈斯电子科技有限公司 Fertilizer fermentation device based on methane tank
CN117534512B (en) * 2023-11-19 2024-04-12 黑龙江省黑土保护利用研究院 Spraying structure for regulating and controlling straw composting moisture

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Inventor after: Su Xiong

Inventor after: Gong Zengli

Inventor after: Li Haigang

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