CN108305788B - A kind of dye-sensitized solar cells based on vulcanization molybdenum doping conducting polymer is to the preparation method of electrode - Google Patents

A kind of dye-sensitized solar cells based on vulcanization molybdenum doping conducting polymer is to the preparation method of electrode Download PDF

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CN108305788B
CN108305788B CN201810045261.3A CN201810045261A CN108305788B CN 108305788 B CN108305788 B CN 108305788B CN 201810045261 A CN201810045261 A CN 201810045261A CN 108305788 B CN108305788 B CN 108305788B
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electrode
conducting polymer
preparation
molybdenum sulfide
mos
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CN108305788A (en
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钱兴
刘宏宇
吴伟敏
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Fuzhou University
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    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/50—Photovoltaic [PV] energy
    • Y02E10/542—Dye sensitized solar cells

Abstract

The invention discloses the conducting polymers for dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) to the electrochemical preparation method of electrode.Under room temperature condition of normal pressure, conductive substrate is put into the acetonitrile solution of the polymer monomer of various concentration, molybdenum salt, lithium perchlorate as working electrode, and battery system is formed with auxiliary Pt electrode and silver-silver chloride reference electrode, then in-situ polymerization is carried out in conductive substrate with electrochemistry preparation method, obtains the conducting polymer of the doping molybdenum sulfide with high phototransformation efficiency to electrode.This method is easy to operate, at low cost, the time is short, and the conducting polymer thin film (MoS for the doping molybdenum sulfide preparedx/ PPy) have many advantages, such as that surface is uniform, not easily to fall off, thickness accurately controls.The conducting polymer of the doping molybdenum sulfide of preparation is used for dye-sensitized solar cells to electrode, incident photon-to-electron conversion efficiency reaches 7.03%.

Description

It is a kind of based on vulcanization molybdenum doping conducting polymer dye-sensitized solar cells to electricity The preparation method of pole
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of conducting polymers for adulterating molybdenum sulfide to the preparation method of electrode.Belong to material preparation neck Domain.
Background technique
With gradually decreasing for fossil energy and running down for thus caused ecological environment, seek reproducible cleaning The energy is restructured the use of energy as the highly desirable of the whole mankind.The renewable energy such as solar energy, wind energy, tide energy are due to having It is resourceful be easy to get, be environmental-friendly, sustainable use the features such as and be concerned.Among these, the energy that solar energy provides is most Sufficient lasting, if it is possible to this energy is rationally utilized, energy problem urgent now is not only can solve, can also solve Because caused by fossil energy the problems such as environmental pollution, ecosystem destruction.Therefore, the utilization of solar energy becomes the heat studied instantly One of point.
1991, Gratzel et al. reported the major progress of the acquirement in the field dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSC), It is proposed a kind of New Ruthenium complex dye, the transfer efficiency of the DSSC of the dye sensitization is increased to 7.1% from 2.5%.1993, The effect of DSSC is fine after Gratzel et al. discovery introducing N3 dyestuff, and the photoelectric conversion efficiency of battery reaches 10%, this height The appearance of efficient cell is that the development of DSSC brings revolutionary innovation.
DSSC is by forming " sandwich " structure to electrode, electrolyte and light anode three parts.It is wherein that Pt is supported on to electrode It is formed on electro-conductive glass (Flurorine-doped tin oxide, FTO).Ma Tingli et al. probes into platinum film thickness to electricity The influence of pole catalytic activity, discovery Pt thickness, which needs to be greater than 10 nm, can just make DSSC have excellent catalytic properties electrode. Olsen et al. research theory calculation shows that, Pt can react to obtain PtI in iodine electrolyte4And reduce the service life of battery And stability.Meanwhile Pt is expensive, is unfavorable for industrialization；And be easily corroded, it will lead to device stability decline.Therefore, Pt Catalysis material is difficult to realize large-scale commercialized production.The shortcomings that due to Pt and insufficient, the research hotspot concentration of catalysis material In the cheap stable and resourceful non-Pt metal material of exploitation.
Carbon material has the characteristics that excellent in catalytic activity and corrosion resistance, but it also has apparent lack simultaneously Point.On the one hand, carbon material is opaque, and the efficiency of battery can be greatly reduced therewith.On the other hand, carbon material is in electro-conductive glass On adhesive force it is poor, easily cause DSSC short circuit.
Conducting polymer catalysis material usually can be prepared into flexible to electrode catalytic materials, led in electrode material Domain has a wide range of applications.Wu Jihuai et al. prepares polypyrrole (PPy) catalysis material to electrode, and the DSSC photoelectric conversion of assembling is imitated Rate reaches 7.66%, and there was only 6.90% based on efficiency of the Pt to electrode battery.Xia Jianbin et al. using vacuum gas-phase polymerization and Electropolymerization is prepared for PPy and all shows excellent catalytic effect in DSSC application to electrode, but its FF numerical value is not high, still Have to be hoisted.So PPy is usually compound with other materials, obtain excellent catalytic activity to electrode catalytic materials.
Combined counter electrode catalysis material is using the synergistic effect between compound, with high conductivity, excellent anticorrosive Property, brilliant catalytic activity and stability, so that battery performance is greatly improved.Thus, composite material possesses in the field DSSC Broad application prospect.
Summary of the invention
The present invention has prepared the conducting polymer of doping molybdenum sulfide to electrode using electrochemical method at room temperature, at a normal. Conductive substrate is put into the acetonitrile solution of the polymer monomer of various concentration, molybdenum salt, lithium perchlorate as working electrode, And three battery systems are formed with auxiliary electrode and silver-silver chloride reference electrode, then with electrochemistry preparation method in mixed solution The conducting polymer for obtaining doping molybdenum sulfide is deposited in conductive substrates with temperate condition to electrode.It is applied in DSSC and takes The incident photon-to-electron conversion efficiency better than Pt was obtained, MoS is prepared using the method for electro-depositionx/ PPy film (12~32 μm), can directly exist The conducting surface of conductive substrate is polymerize, and is made the synthesis of conducting polymer thin film and is completed at the same time to the preparation of electrode.It is formed The advantages that conducting polymer thin film has adhesion property strong, not easily to fall off, and surface is uniform, and film thickness is controllable.
It is an object of the invention to using low cost, high performance nanometer conductive polymer film replaces in DSSC electrode Common platinum is to electrode.Compared with traditional chemical oxidative polymerization, preparation method provided by the invention is simply mild, without height Warm high pressure is particularly suitable for flexible dye-sensitized solar battery, and raw material is cheap and easy to get, and film can be heavy in situ in conductive substrates Product, eliminates the preparation process to electrode, further decreases DSSC battery cost.MoS obtainedx/ PPy film is at low cost, urges It is good to change performance, there is higher incident photon-to-electron conversion efficiency.It is quick as the dyestuff being assembled into electrode (CE) by using this composite membrane The incident photon-to-electron conversion efficiency for changing solar battery (DSSC) reaches 7.03%, this is than having higher conversion based on DSSC of the platinum to electrode Efficiency (6.46%).And as a comparison, containing 0.5 M pyrroles and 0.1 M LiClO4CH3CN/H2O=20/1, v/v 100 s are deposited in solution to obtain pure polypyrrole film (PPy) and containing 2 mM (NH4)2MoS4With 0.1M LiClO4CH3CN/ H2The pure MoS of 100 s is deposited in O=20/1, v/v solutionxFilm, the results showed that, MoSx/ PPy film is than pure PPy film and pure MoSxFilm There is better catalytic performance.
This is because molybdenum sulfide has structure and preferable electrocatalysis characteristic similar to graphene, after adulterating molybdenum sulfide MoSx/ PPy film combines MoSxGood catalytic activity and PPy excellent electric conductivity, expose MoSxIn more activity The heart, so that the catalytic activity of composite material be made to greatly improve, while have low cost, high stability, high efficiency, it is corrosion-resistant, make With the time it is long the features such as.In addition, according to the actual situation, film can be regulated and controled by the voltage and sedimentation time that change working electrode Thickness.By taking the current potential of different operating electrode as an example, when the current potential of working electrode is 0.8 V, pyrroles is in the poly- of conductive substrate surface Conjunction speed is slower, and film thickness is smaller；The current potential of working electrode be 1.0 V when, pyrroles conductive substrate surface polymerization speed compared with Fastly, film thickness is larger.When film thickness is too small, becomes smaller with the contact area of electrolyte, active site is caused to tail off, conversion effect Rate is low；If film thickness is excessive, electronics transfer will lead to apart from elongated, reaction speed is slack-off, and transformation efficiency is low.The present invention passes through Contrast test, transformation efficiency highest when film thickness is 25 μm are most suitable film thickness.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is MoSx, PPy and MoSxThe SEM of/PPy schemes；It (a) is pure MoSxFilm, (b) (c) is pure PPy film, (d) (e) It (f) is MoS made from embodiment 3xThe SEM of/PPy film schemes.
Fig. 2 is to use Pt, pure MoSxFilm、MoS made from pure PPy film and embodiment 3x/ PPy film to electrode assembling at DSSC'sJ-VCurve and the photovoltaic parameter to electrode of three kinds of materials preparation.
Fig. 3 is to use MoS made from Pt, pure PPy film and embodiment 3x/ PPy film is to electrode assembling at the circulation of DSSC Volt-ampere curve.
Specific embodiment
Below by specific embodiment, the present invention will be described in detail, but these enumerate embodiment purposes and Purpose is only used to enumerate the present invention, not constitutes any type of any restriction to real protection scope of the invention, more non-to incite somebody to action Protection scope of the present invention is confined to this.
Embodiment 1:
(1) cleaned FTO(fluorine-doped tin dioxide) electro-conductive glass as working electrode be inserted into 0.5 M concentration pyrroles, 0.5 MM concentration (NH4)2MoS4、0.1 M LiClO4CH3CN/H2In the mixed solution of O=20/1, v/v, and with platinum auxiliary electrode Three-electrode system is formed with silver-silver chloride reference electrode.
(2) conducting polymer thin film of doping molybdenum sulfide is prepared on FTO glass conducting surface with electrodeposition process.
(3) technical parameter that sedimentation is set is as follows: setting the working region of working electrode as 0.385 using adhesive tape cm2, the current potential for being applied to working electrode is set as 0.9 V, and sedimentation time is 100 s.
(4) FTO glass is taken out after depositing, acquisition, which attaches on FTO glass conducting surface, uniformly adulterates molybdenum sulfide Conducting polymer thin film.Subsequent room temperature is dried, and ethyl alcohol rinses surface, the conducting polymer of doping molybdenum sulfide is made to electrode, Middle conducting polymer thin film is with a thickness of 25 μm.
Embodiment 2:
(1) cleaned FTO electro-conductive glass is inserted into 0.5 M concentration pyrroles, 1 mM concentration (NH as working electrode4)2MoS4、0.1 M LiClO4CH3CN/H2In the mixed solution of O=20/1, v/v, and with platinum auxiliary electrode and silver-silver chlorate Reference electrode forms three-electrode system.
(2) conducting polymer thin film of doping molybdenum sulfide is prepared on FTO glass conducting surface with electrodeposition process.
(3) technical parameter that sedimentation is set is as follows: setting the working region of working electrode as 0.385 using adhesive tape cm2, the current potential for being applied to working electrode is set as 0.9 V, and sedimentation time is 100 s.
(4) FTO glass is taken out after depositing, acquisition, which attaches on FTO glass conducting surface, uniformly adulterates molybdenum sulfide Conducting polymer thin film.Subsequent room temperature is dried, and ethyl alcohol rinses surface, and the conducting polymer of doping molybdenum sulfide is made to electrode.By It is smaller on film thickness influence in molybdate concentration change, can almost it ignore, gained conducting polymer thin film thickness is still 25 μ m。
Embodiment 3:
(1) cleaned FTO electro-conductive glass is inserted into 0.5 M concentration pyrroles, 2 mM concentration (NH as working electrode4)2MoS4、0.1 M LiClO4CH3CN/H2In the mixed solution of O=20/1, v/v, and with platinum auxiliary electrode and silver-silver chlorate Reference electrode forms three-electrode system.
(2) conducting polymer thin film of doping molybdenum sulfide is prepared on FTO glass conducting surface with electrodeposition process.
(3) technical parameter that sedimentation is set is as follows: setting the working region of working electrode as 0.385 using adhesive tape cm2, the current potential for being applied to working electrode is set as 0.9 V, and sedimentation time is 100 s.
(4) FTO glass is taken out after depositing, acquisition, which attaches on FTO glass conducting surface, uniformly adulterates molybdenum sulfide Conducting polymer thin film.Subsequent room temperature is dried, and ethyl alcohol rinses surface, and the conducting polymer of doping molybdenum sulfide is made to electrode.By It is smaller on film thickness influence in molybdate concentration change, can almost it ignore, gained conducting polymer thin film thickness is still 25 μ m。
Embodiment 4:
(1) cleaned FTO electro-conductive glass is inserted into 0.5 M concentration pyrroles, 2 mM concentration (NH as working electrode4)2MoS4、0.1 M LiClO4CH3CN/H2In the mixed solution of O=25/1, v/v, and with platinum auxiliary electrode and silver-silver chlorate Reference electrode forms three-electrode system.
(2) conducting polymer thin film of doping molybdenum sulfide is prepared on FTO glass conducting surface with electrodeposition process.
(3) technical parameter that sedimentation is set is as follows: setting the working region of working electrode as 0.385 using adhesive tape cm2, the current potential for being applied to working electrode is set as 0.9 V, and sedimentation time is 100 s.
(4) FTO glass is taken out after depositing, acquisition, which attaches on FTO glass conducting surface, uniformly adulterates molybdenum sulfide Conducting polymer thin film.Subsequent room temperature is dried, and ethyl alcohol rinses surface, and the conducting polymer of doping molybdenum sulfide is made to electrode.Its Middle conducting polymer thin film is with a thickness of 28 μm.
Embodiment 5:
(1) cleaned FTO electro-conductive glass is inserted into 0.5 M concentration pyrroles, 2 mM concentration (NH as working electrode4)2MoS4、0.1 M LiClO4CH3CN/H2In the mixed solution of O=20/1, v/v, and with platinum auxiliary electrode and silver-silver chlorate Reference electrode forms three-electrode system.
(2) conducting polymer thin film of doping molybdenum sulfide is prepared on FTO glass conducting surface with electrodeposition process.
(3) technical parameter that sedimentation is set is as follows: setting the working region of working electrode as 0.385 using adhesive tape cm2, the current potential for being applied to working electrode is set as 0.8 V, and sedimentation time is 100 s.
(4) FTO glass is taken out after depositing, acquisition, which attaches on FTO glass conducting surface, uniformly adulterates molybdenum sulfide Conducting polymer thin film.Subsequent room temperature is dried, and ethyl alcohol rinses surface, and the conducting polymer of doping molybdenum sulfide is made to electrode.Its Middle conducting polymer thin film is with a thickness of 12 μm.
Embodiment 6:
(1) cleaned FTO electro-conductive glass is inserted into 0.5 M concentration pyrroles, 2 mM concentration (NH as working electrode4)2MoS4、0.1 M LiClO4CH3CN/H2In the mixed solution of O=20/1, v/v, and with platinum auxiliary electrode and silver-silver chlorate Reference electrode forms three-electrode system.
(2) conducting polymer thin film of doping molybdenum sulfide is prepared on FTO glass conducting surface with electrodeposition process.
(3) technical parameter that sedimentation is set is as follows: setting the working region of working electrode as 0.385 using adhesive tape cm2, the current potential for being applied to working electrode is set as 1.0 V, and sedimentation time is 100 s.
(4) FTO glass is taken out after depositing, acquisition, which attaches on FTO glass conducting surface, uniformly adulterates molybdenum sulfide Conducting polymer thin film.Subsequent room temperature is dried, and ethyl alcohol rinses surface, and the conducting polymer of doping molybdenum sulfide is made to electrode.Its Middle conducting polymer thin film is with a thickness of 32 μm.
Embodiment 7:
(1) cleaned FTO electro-conductive glass is inserted into 0.5 M concentration pyrroles, 2 mM concentration (NH as working electrode4)2MoS4、0.1 M LiClO4CH3CN/H2In the mixed solution of O=20/1, v/v, and with platinum auxiliary electrode and silver-silver chlorate Reference electrode forms three-electrode system.
(2) conducting polymer thin film of doping molybdenum sulfide is prepared on FTO glass conducting surface with electrodeposition process.
(3) technical parameter that sedimentation is set is as follows: setting the working region of working electrode as 0.385 using adhesive tape cm2, the current potential for being applied to working electrode is set as 0.9 V, and sedimentation time is 80 s.
(4) FTO glass is taken out after depositing, acquisition, which attaches on FTO glass conducting surface, uniformly adulterates molybdenum sulfide Conducting polymer thin film.Subsequent room temperature is dried, and ethyl alcohol rinses surface, and the conducting polymer of doping molybdenum sulfide is made to electrode.Its Middle conducting polymer thin film is with a thickness of 20 μm.
Embodiment 8:
(1) cleaned FTO electro-conductive glass is inserted into 0.5 M concentration pyrroles, 2 mM concentration (NH as working electrode4)2MoS4、0.1 M LiClO4CH3CN/H2In the mixed solution of O=20/1, v/v, and with platinum auxiliary electrode and silver-silver chlorate Reference electrode forms three-electrode system.
(2) conducting polymer thin film of doping molybdenum sulfide is prepared on FTO glass conducting surface with electrodeposition process.
(3) technical parameter that sedimentation is set is as follows: setting the working region of working electrode as 0.385 using adhesive tape cm2, the current potential for being applied to working electrode is set as 0.9 V, and sedimentation time is 50 s.
(4) FTO glass is taken out after depositing, acquisition, which attaches on FTO glass conducting surface, uniformly adulterates molybdenum sulfide Conducting polymer thin film.Subsequent room temperature is dried, and ethyl alcohol rinses surface, and the conducting polymer of doping molybdenum sulfide is made to electrode.Its Middle conducting polymer thin film is with a thickness of 17 μm.
Embodiment 9:
(1) cleaned FTO electro-conductive glass is inserted into 0.5 M concentration pyrroles, 2 mM concentration (NH as working electrode4)2MoS4、0.1 M LiClO4CH3CN/H2In the mixed solution of O=20/1, v/v, and with platinum auxiliary electrode and silver-silver chlorate Reference electrode forms three-electrode system.
(2) conducting polymer thin film of doping molybdenum sulfide is prepared on FTO glass conducting surface with electrodeposition process.
(3) technical parameter that sedimentation is set is as follows: setting the working region of working electrode as 0.385 using adhesive tape cm2, the current potential for being applied to working electrode is set as 0.9 V, and sedimentation time is 40 s.
(4) FTO glass is taken out after depositing, acquisition, which attaches on FTO glass conducting surface, uniformly adulterates molybdenum sulfide Conducting polymer thin film.Subsequent room temperature is dried, and ethyl alcohol rinses surface, and the conducting polymer of doping molybdenum sulfide is made to electrode.Its Middle conducting polymer thin film is with a thickness of 15 μm.
DSSC assembling:
In all embodiments, battery assembly is sealed at sandwich structure, light anode and to electrode with sarin heat-sealing film Then dress injects electrolyte in two kinds of electrode intermediate gaps.Battery is tested (AM under standard analog sunlight conditions 1.5G, 100 mW cm–2).Light anode (16 μm of titanium dioxide film thickness, the 20 nm particle titanium dioxides including one layer of 12 μ m thick Titanium layer prepares the 200 nm particulate titanium dioxide layers of one layer of 4 μ m thick again above) FTO glass is prepared into using screen printing technique On glass, light anode obtained is immersed in the ethanol solution of the N719 dyestuff of 0.3 mM concentration, 24 h of avoid light place, so that dye Material sensitization is adsorbed on titanium dioxide photo anode.After completing sensitized treatment, takes out and cleaned using dehydrated alcohol, and dry in the air naturally It is used after dry.The composition of electrolyte is 0.1 M LiI, 0.05 M I2, 0.3 M DMPII(1,2- dimethyl -3- propyl imidazole Iodine) and 0.5 M tert .-butylpyridine acetonitrile solution.
Pure PPy membrane electrode is that (other conditions are made in the case where being added without molybdenum salt on the basis of the preparation condition of embodiment 3 It is just the same), and MoSxIt is to be added without pyrroles on the basis of the preparation condition of embodiment 3 to electrode.
1-3 carries out the analysis of material with reference to the accompanying drawing
As shown in Figure 1, the PPy and MoS obtained by electro-depositionxThere is no apparent difference for/PPy film, all have by solid The pattern of indefinite form made of body particle packing, surface is more coarse, and electrolyte is come into full contact with polymer film.This It is consistent with the surface topography for the polypyrrole being previously reported.
As shown in Figure 2, MoSxThe open-circuit voltage for the DSSC that/PPy compound forms electrodeV ocFor 0.73 V, current densityJ scFor 15.68 mA cm–2, fill factor FF is 61.40%, incident photon-to-electron conversion efficiencyηIt is 7.03%, than Pt under similarity condition to electricity More efficient (Pt 6.46%) of pole composition battery.This illustrates MoSx/ PPy combines MoSxPreferable catalytic performance and PPy are excellent Electric conductivity, to obtain higher catalytic efficiency.
By in Fig. 3 it is found that Pt, pure PPy and MoSxThe CV curve of/PPy compound has apparent two redox peaks, table They bright better catalytic activity.MoSxRedox couple I in the cyclic curve of/PPy compound3 –/I–Reduction peak than pure PPY It is higher, and the area that CV curve surrounds is bigger.Illustrate MoSx/ PPy compound is to the catalytic activity of electrode than pure polypyrrole More preferably.MoSxRedox couple I in/PPy compound cyclic curve3 –/I–Reduction peak it is close with Pt, and CV curve surround Area is larger, illustrates MoSx/ PPy compound is high to electrode to the catalytic activity ratio Pt of electrode.
The foregoing is merely preferable case study on implementation of the invention, all equivalent changes done according to scope of the present invention patent With modification, it is all covered by the present invention.

Claims (2)

1. a kind of preparation method to electrode for dye-sensitized solar cells, which is characterized in that conductive substrate to be put into Polymer monomer, molybdenum salt, lithium perchlorate acetonitrile solution in be used as working electrode, and join with auxiliary electrode and silver-silver chlorate Three battery systems are formed than electrode, are then deposited in conductive substrates in mixed solution with temperate condition with electrochemistry preparation method With a thickness of the conducting polymer thin film of 12~32 μm of doping molybdenum sulfide, the conducting polymer of doping molybdenum sulfide is obtained to electrode；
The polymer monomer is pyrroles, and concentration is 0.1~1.0 M；
The molybdenum salt is four thio ammonium molybdate, and concentration is 0.5~2 mM；
The concentration of the lithium perchlorate is 0.1 M, and the volume ratio of acetonitrile and water is 20~30:1；
The electrochemistry preparation method is electrodeposition process, in electrodeposition process, using adhesive tape set the working region of working electrode as 0.385 cm2, the current potential for being applied to working electrode is set as 0.5~1.0 V, and electrodeposition time is 40~100 s.
2. preparation method according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the conductive substrate is fluorine-doped tin dioxide conduction glass Glass.
CN201810045261.3A 2018-01-17 2018-01-17 A kind of dye-sensitized solar cells based on vulcanization molybdenum doping conducting polymer is to the preparation method of electrode Expired - Fee Related CN108305788B (en)

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CN105405663A (en) * 2015-10-30 2016-03-16 东南大学 Electrochemical preparation method of MoS<2>/graphene composite counter electrode
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