CN108293921B - Semi-closed circulating water breeding method and system for juvenile tilapia - Google Patents
Semi-closed circulating water breeding method and system for juvenile tilapia Download PDFInfo
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- CN108293921B CN108293921B CN201810058834.6A CN201810058834A CN108293921B CN 108293921 B CN108293921 B CN 108293921B CN 201810058834 A CN201810058834 A CN 201810058834A CN 108293921 B CN108293921 B CN 108293921B
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Images
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K61/00—Culture of aquatic animals
- A01K61/10—Culture of aquatic animals of fish
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/10—Animal feeding-stuffs obtained by microbiological or biochemical processes
- A23K10/16—Addition of microorganisms or extracts thereof, e.g. single-cell proteins, to feeding-stuff compositions
- A23K10/18—Addition of microorganisms or extracts thereof, e.g. single-cell proteins, to feeding-stuff compositions of live microorganisms
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
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- A23K20/105—Aliphatic or alicyclic compounds
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K20/10—Organic substances
- A23K20/142—Amino acids; Derivatives thereof
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
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- A23K20/163—Sugars; Polysaccharides
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- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
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- A23K20/26—Compounds containing phosphorus
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- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
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Abstract
A semi-closed circulating water culture method of young tilapia includes (1) preparing nutrient solution including ammonium sulfate 60-75%, calcium hydrogen phosphate 4-8%, potassium dihydrogen phosphate 4-8%, sodium acetate 3-8%, vitamin premix 0.1-0.5%, enzyme preparation 0.15-0.35%, stabilizer 2-5%, mineral salt 1-2%, mixed microelement preparation 2-4%, tea polyphenol 1-1.2%, herba Cynomorii 1.5-2%, radix Paeoniae alba 0.5-0.8%, yeast 0.5-1.2%, amino acid 1-3%, maltose 1.5-3.5% and sodium alginate 0.15-0.35%; (2) designing a fish pond water body, and putting microbial products and nutrient solution regularly; (3) stocking the fry; (4) carrying out feeding management; (5) performing fishpond water body management; the method realizes the cultivation of the tilapia mossambica products with less diseases, high survival rate and good meat quality by designing and preparing a new nutrient solution formula and combining parameter setting of the cultivation water body, fry stocking, bait feeding formula, feeding mode and fish pond management in the fish pond.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of aquaculture, in particular to a semi-closed circulating water aquaculture method and a semi-closed circulating water aquaculture system for juvenile tilapia.
Background
Aquaculture is the production activity of breeding, cultivating and harvesting aquatic animals and plants under artificial control. Generally comprises the whole process of cultivating aquatic products from seedlings under artificial feeding management. The existing aquaculture management for tilapia has many unreasonable places, such as quality control and management of aquaculture water in a fish pond, bait feeding formula, feeding mode, fry stocking and the like, particularly along with the continuous increase of the price of feed and pollution to the water in the feed throwing process, the quality of the aquaculture water is difficult to guarantee, nitrobacteria are not favorable for nitrification, the efficiency of converting ammonia gas is low, the degradation speed of ammonia gas is low, the time of purifying water is long, especially in the aquaculture process of tilapia juvenile fish, the tilapia juvenile fish easily dies due to the overweight of ammonia gas in the water and the like, the survival rate is greatly reduced, high-density aquaculture cannot be performed, sufficient nutrition and environmental conditions of the juvenile fish cannot be supplemented, the yield is low, the aquaculture cost is high, and the quality is low.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a semi-closed circulating water aquaculture method for juvenile tilapia, which is characterized in that a new nutrient solution formula is designed and prepared, and parameters of aquaculture water, fry stocking, bait feeding formula, feeding mode and fishpond management are set, so that tilapia products with few diseases, high survival rate and good meat quality are cultured.
The invention also aims to provide a semi-closed circulating water aquaculture system for juvenile tilapia.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a semi-closed circulating water culture method for juvenile tilapia comprises the following steps:
(1) designing a nutrient solution: preparing a nutrient solution according to the following components in percentage by mass: 60-75% of ammonium sulfate, 4-8% of calcium hydrophosphate, 4-8% of monopotassium phosphate, 3-8% of sodium acetate, 0.1-0.5% of vitamin premix, 0.15-0.35% of enzyme preparation, 2-5% of stabilizer, 1-2% of mineral salt, 2-4% of trace element mixed preparation, 1-1.2% of tea polyphenol, 1.5-2% of cynomorium songaricum, 0.5-0.8% of white paeony root, 0.5-1.2% of yeast, 1-3% of amino acid, 1.5-3.5% of maltose and 0.15-0.35% of sodium alginate;
(2) designing a water body of the fish pond: setting the flow rate, water temperature, water body exchange rate, dissolved oxygen and pH value of the culture water body when a circulating water system in the culture process is operated, and regularly putting microbial products and nutrient solution;
(3) fry stocking: young tilapia is put and cultured in the designed fishpond;
(4) feeding management: preparing a bait feeding formula according to the nutritional requirements of young tilapia cultured in a circulating water system, and feeding baits according to the set feeding amount and feeding mode;
(5) managing the water body of the fish pond: and discharging the waste water in the fish pond, aerating and disinfecting the culture water body, and adjusting the pH value of the water body until a batch of tilapia culture is completed.
Further explaining, in the design of the water body of the fish pond, the flow velocity of the aquaculture water body is 0.4-0.6 m/s; the water temperature is 28-31 ℃, and the maximum temperature difference of the water in the pond in one day is less than +/-5 ℃; the daily water body exchange rate is more than 95 percent, and the dissolved oxygen amount of the water body is 3.5 mg/L; the pH value of the water body is 7.2-8.5.
Further explaining, in the step (3), the stocking density of the juvenile tilapia is 7000 tails/m3The size of the young tilapia in the pond is 500 tails/jin.
Further explaining, the feeding bait comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 36-42% of steam fish meal, 20-26% of soybean milk powder, 6.7-8.0% of whole milk powder, 14-17% of shrimp slice powder, 5-8% of egg yolk powder, 2-3% of fish oil, 1.0-2.5% of monocalcium phosphate, 0.1-0.25% of complex enzyme preparation, 0.10-0.30% of L-carnitine, 0.15-0.30% of choline chloride, 0.15-0.30% of 98.5% of lysine, 0.5-2.0% of vitamin premix and 1.5-3.0% of trace element premix.
Further, in step (5), the fishpond water management method includes: circulating the water four times every day, and discharging 5% of wastewater to the artificial wetland for purification treatment; and (3) replenishing the electrified water for 1 time every 20 minutes to disinfect the aquaculture water body, and adjusting the pH value of the water body to 7.2-8.5 by using quick lime.
A semi-closed circulating water aquaculture system for juvenile tilapia comprises a water storage tank 1, an outdoor first-stage biological treatment tank 2, a micro-filter treatment tank 3, a second-stage biological filter tank 4, an ultraviolet disinfection tank 5, an oxygenation tank 6 and a plurality of aquaculture tanks 7; the reservoir 1, the outdoor first-stage biological treatment tank 2, the micro-filter treatment tank 3, the second-stage biological filter tank 4, the ultraviolet disinfection tank 5 and the oxygenation tank 6 are sequentially connected; a water inlet main pipe 01 is arranged at a water outlet of the aeration tank 6; a main drainage pipe 02 is arranged at a water inlet of the outdoor primary biological treatment tank 2; the culture ponds 7 are sequentially distributed, and a water inlet and a water outlet of each culture pond 7 are respectively provided with a water inlet branch pipe 011 and a water outlet branch pipe 012; the water inlet branch pipe 011 is communicated with the water inlet main pipe 01; the drain branch pipes 012 are connected to the drain main pipe 02.
Further, the size of the water reservoir 1 is as follows: 1.8 × 2.2 × 2 m; the size of the outdoor primary biological treatment pool 2 is 6 x 5 x (0.3-1.5) m, and the bottom slope is 15%; the size of the micro-filter tank 3 is as follows: 2.8 × 2.2 × 2 m; the size of the secondary biological filter tank 4 is as follows: 3 x 1.5 x 2 m; the size of the aeration pool 6 is 1.8 x 2.2 x 2 m; the size of the culture pond 7 is 6 x 3 x 0.6m, and the bottom slope is 8%.
Further explaining, corallite, medical stone, biological attaching base, submerged plants, emergent plants and floating algae are arranged inside the outdoor primary biological treatment tank 2; the submerged plant comprises one or more of Moss aquatic weed, Ficus benjamina and Goldfish algae; the emergent aquatic plant comprises one or more of canna, calamus, rhizoma alismatis, iris and lotus; the floating algae comprises one or more of water lettuce, Dudou algae and Nelumbo nucifera.
Further explaining, suspended biological fillers, microbial products and nutrient solution are arranged in the secondary biological filter tank 4; the microbial product comprises one or more of photosynthetic bacteria, nitrifying bacteria, bacillus and lactic acid bacteria.
Further explaining, the device also comprises an electrochemical water device 8, and the electrochemical water device 8 is connected to the oxygen increasing pool 6.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: by designing and preparing a new nutrient solution formula, effectively using the nutrient solution in a semi-closed circulating water culture method of young tilapia, and simultaneously combining parameter setting of culture water, fry stocking, bait feeding formula, feeding mode and fish pond management in a fish pond, the culture environment and nutrient conditions of young tilapia are more effectively controlled, so that the tilapia products with less diseases, high survival rate and good meat quality are cultured.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a semi-closed circulating water aquaculture system for juvenile tilapia fish according to one embodiment of the present invention;
wherein: the device comprises a water storage tank 1, an outdoor first-stage biological treatment tank 2, a micro-filter treatment tank 3, a second-stage biological filter tank 4, an ultraviolet disinfection tank 5, an oxygenation tank 6, a plurality of culture tanks 7, a water inlet main pipe 01, a water discharge main pipe 02, a water inlet branch pipe 011, a water discharge branch pipe 012 and an electrochemical water device 8.
Detailed Description
The technical scheme of the invention is further explained by the specific implementation mode in combination with the attached drawings.
A semi-closed circulating water culture method for juvenile tilapia is characterized in that: the method comprises the following steps:
(1) designing a nutrient solution: preparing a nutrient solution according to the following components in percentage by mass: 60-75% of ammonium sulfate, 4-8% of calcium hydrophosphate, 4-8% of monopotassium phosphate, 3-8% of sodium acetate, 0.1-0.5% of vitamin premix, 0.15-0.35% of enzyme preparation, 2-5% of stabilizer, 1-2% of mineral salt, 2-4% of trace element mixed preparation, 1-1.2% of tea polyphenol, 1.5-2% of cynomorium songaricum, 0.5-0.8% of white paeony root, 0.5-1.2% of yeast, 1-3% of amino acid, 1.5-3.5% of maltose and 0.15-0.35% of sodium alginate;
(2) designing a water body of the fish pond: setting the flow rate, water temperature, water body exchange rate, dissolved oxygen and pH value of the culture water body when a circulating water system in the culture process is operated, and regularly putting microbial products and nutrient solution;
(3) fry stocking: young tilapia is put and cultured in the designed fishpond;
(4) feeding management: preparing a bait feeding formula according to the nutritional requirements of young tilapia cultured in a circulating water system, and feeding baits according to the set feeding amount and feeding mode;
(5) managing the water body of the fish pond: and discharging the waste water in the fish pond, aerating and disinfecting the culture water body, and adjusting the pH value of the water body until a batch of tilapia culture is completed.
The invention mainly designs and prepares a nutrient solution formula, so that the nutrient solution is effectively used in a semi-closed circulating water culture method of young tilapia, and simultaneously combines parameter settings of culture water, fry stocking, bait feeding formula, feeding mode and fish pond management in a fish pond to more effectively control the culture environment and the nutrient condition of the young tilapia, thereby realizing the culture of the tilapia with less diseases, high survival rate and good meat quality.
The method comprises the following steps of adding a certain amount of ammonium sulfate serving as a nitrogen source, calcium hydrogen phosphate and potassium dihydrogen phosphate serving as phosphorus sources into a nutrient solution, and adding a certain amount of sodium acetate serving as an organic carbon source for blending on the basis of adjusting and controlling the proportion of nitrogen and phosphorus in the nutrient solution, so that the nitrogen source, the phosphorus source and the carbon source which are more sufficient and stable can be effectively provided for the growth and the propagation of nitrobacteria; in addition, a certain amount of tea polyphenol, cynomorium songaricum and white paeony root components are added, so that balanced nutritional requirements can be provided for nitrobacteria and the like, the activity of the nitrobacteria is improved, and the culture time of the nitrobacteria is greatly shortened; moreover, the nitrifying reaction of nitrifying bacteria can be effectively catalyzed, the efficiency of converting the nitrifying bacteria into ammonia gas is improved, and the degradation effect of the ammonia gas is enhanced, so that the nutrient solution is used in the culture water body, the time for purifying water can be effectively shortened, the purification effect and efficiency of the water are improved, the quality of a water system in the culture process is more effectively controlled, the survival rate of juvenile tilapia is improved, and tilapia products with few diseases and good meat quality can be obtained under other culture conditions.
Wherein the cynomorium songaricum comprises one or more of organic acids, flavonoids, naringenin, steroids, triterpenes, polymeric substances, amino acids and mineral elements.
The radix Paeoniae alba comprises one or more of paeoniflorin, paeonol, paeoniflorin, benzoic acid, volatile oil, fatty oil, resin, tannin, sugar, starch, mucilage, protein, beta-sitosterol and triterpene.
The trace element mixed preparation comprises one or more elements of cobalt, selenium, copper, iron, zinc, manganese, iodine, cobalt and selenium, and the concentration of the trace element mixed preparation is 2-4 g/L.
The vitamin premix comprises one or more of vitamin A, vitamin D3, vitamin E, vitamin K3, vitamin B1, vitamin B2, vitamin B6, vitamin B12, biotin and vitamin C, and the concentration of the vitamin premix is 5-10 g/L.
Further explaining, in the design of the water body of the fish pond, the flow velocity of the aquaculture water body is 0.4-0.6 m/s; the water temperature is 28-31 ℃, and the maximum temperature difference of the water in the pond in one day is less than +/-5 ℃; the daily water body exchange rate is more than 95 percent, and the dissolved oxygen amount of the water body is 3.5 mg/L; the pH value of the water body is 7.2-8.5. The environmental conditions more suitable for the growth of juvenile tilapia are created by strictly adjusting and controlling the parameter values of water flow velocity, water temperature, water exchange rate, dissolved oxygen and pH value in the water body of the fish pond, so that the growth of juvenile tilapia is facilitated, and the survival rate and the growth quality of tilapia are further improved.
Further explaining, in the step (3), the stocking density of the juvenile tilapia is 7000 tails/m3The size of the young tilapia in the pond is 500 tails/jin. By controlling the stocking density and the pond entering specification of young tilapia, the method is beneficial to the young tilapia to grow and breed by having sufficient space and energy substances.
Further explaining, the feeding bait comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 36-42% of steam fish meal, 20-26% of soybean milk powder, 6.7-8.0% of whole milk powder, 14-17% of shrimp slice powder, 5-8% of egg yolk powder, 2-3% of fish oil, 1.0-2.5% of monocalcium phosphate, 0.1-0.25% of complex enzyme preparation, 0.10-0.30% of L-carnitine, 0.15-0.30% of choline chloride, 0.15-0.30% of 98.5% of lysine, 0.5-2.0% of vitamin premix and 1.5-3.0% of trace element premix.
The feeding bait formula can meet the requirement of juvenile tilapia on nutrition in circulating water culture, enhance the immunity of fish bodies, facilitate the formation of excrement, facilitate the culture of a circulating water system and improve the survival rate and the growth rate of fries; particularly, the nutrient quality of the bait is improved by adding a certain amount of whole milk powder, yolk powder, a complex enzyme preparation, a vitamin premix and a trace element premix, so that the integral growth and reproduction quality of the tilapia is improved;
the whole milk powder contains 25.5 percent of protein, 26.5 percent of fat and 37.3 percent of carbohydrate in per hundred grams, contains 979 mg of calcium, 685 mg of phosphorus, 1.9 mg of iron, 0.8 mg of riboflavin and 0.6 mg of nicotinic acid in per hundred grams, has various nutrient elements, can meet the requirements of the growth of juvenile freshwater fish on different nutrients, and promotes the growth of the juvenile freshwater fish;
the egg yolk powder contains about 30 percent of protein, about 38 percent of glyceride, about 19 percent of phospholipid and a small amount of sugar, mineral substances, vitamins, pigments, enzymes and the like, and the lipoprotein and the lecithin which are components in the egg yolk powder have better emulsibility and are ideal raw materials of high-grade germchit feed;
the compound enzyme preparation is protein with biocatalytic reaction capability, and the enzyme preparation is added into the feed, so that the deficiency of endogenous enzyme of animals, particularly young animals, can be supplemented, anti-nutritional factors in the feed can be eliminated, the decomposition and absorption of plant raw material protein and starch can be improved, and the digestibility of the feed can be improved; the concentration of ammonia nitrogen excreted by aquatic animals can be reduced, the water pollution is reduced, and the feeding environment is improved, wherein the complex enzyme preparation comprises any one of phytase, xylanase, protease, lipase, lactase and amylase;
the vitamin premix is provided by Guangdong Tongwei feed limited company and is F11V vitamin premix for carnivorous fish, and the microelement premix is F29M microelement premix for omnivorous fish.
In addition, the feeding mode of the young tilapia is to feed and raise the young tilapia according to the principles of palatability, sufficient quantity, multiple meals, four days and three days, and the young tilapia grows fast, so that the metabolism level is relatively vigorous; therefore, the bait feeding rate is higher than that of adult tilapia, and the daily feeding amount can be increased to 15% in the coarse marking stage of juvenile tilapia in production.
Further, in step (5), the fishpond water management method includes: circulating the water four times every day, and discharging 5% of wastewater to the artificial wetland for purification treatment; and (3) replenishing the electrified water for 1 time every 20 minutes to disinfect the aquaculture water body, and adjusting the pH value of the water body to 7.2-8.5 by using quick lime.
A semi-closed circulating water aquaculture system for juvenile tilapia comprises a water storage tank 1, an outdoor first-stage biological treatment tank 2, a micro-filter treatment tank 3, a second-stage biological filter tank 4, an ultraviolet disinfection tank 5, an oxygenation tank 6 and a plurality of aquaculture tanks 7; the reservoir 1, the outdoor first-stage biological treatment tank 2, the micro-filter treatment tank 3, the second-stage biological filter tank 4, the ultraviolet disinfection tank 5 and the oxygenation tank 6 are sequentially connected; a water inlet main pipe 01 is arranged at a water outlet of the aeration tank 6; a main drainage pipe 02 is arranged at a water inlet of the outdoor primary biological treatment tank 2; the culture ponds 7 are sequentially distributed, and a water inlet and a water outlet of each culture pond 7 are respectively provided with a water inlet branch pipe 011 and a water outlet branch pipe 012; the water inlet branch pipe 011 is communicated with the water inlet main pipe 01; the drain branch pipes 012 are connected to the drain main pipe 02.
According to the semi-closed circulating water aquaculture system for juvenile tilapia, which is provided by the invention, the outdoor primary biological treatment tank 2, the micro-filter treatment tank 3, the secondary biological filter tank 4, the ultraviolet disinfection tank and the oxygenation tank 6 are sequentially arranged, so that aquaculture water is sequentially subjected to corresponding water quality treatment, and is subjected to full filtration, disinfection, oxygenation and other treatment before flowing into the aquaculture tanks 7, so that the water quality flowing into the aquaculture tanks is effectively ensured, each aquaculture tank 7 is independent of each other, mutual influence is avoided, the management is more convenient, and the aquaculture quality and the survival rate of juvenile tilapia are ensured; meanwhile, the water in the culture pond can flow into the outdoor primary biological treatment pond 2 again through the main drainage pipe 02, so that the effective water recycling is realized, and the water source and the culture cost are saved.
Further, the size of the water reservoir 1 is as follows: 1.8 × 2.2 × 2 m; the size of the outdoor primary biological treatment pool 2 is 6 x 5 x (0.3-1.5) m, and the bottom slope is 15%; the size of the micro-filter tank 3 is as follows: 2.8 × 2.2 × 2 m; the size of the secondary biological filter tank 4 is as follows: 3 x 1.5 x 2 m; the size of the aeration pool 6 is 1.8 x 2.2 x 2 m; the size of the culture pond 7 is 6 x 3 x 0.6m, and the bottom slope is 8%. According to the corresponding size of each function pool, the quality of the aquaculture water body and the sufficient space environment for the growth of the juvenile fish are guaranteed, and a certain slope is set, so that the overall fluidity of the aquaculture water body is better.
Further explaining, corallite, medical stone, biological attaching base, submerged plants, emergent plants and floating algae are arranged inside the outdoor primary biological treatment tank 2; the submerged plant comprises one or more of Moss aquatic weed, Ficus benjamina and Goldfish algae; the emergent aquatic plant comprises one or more of canna, calamus, rhizoma alismatis, iris and lotus; the floating algae comprises one or more of water lettuce, Dudou algae and Nelumbo nucifera. The outdoor primary biological treatment tank 2 is utilized to simulate the water body environment in nature, so that the growth and the propagation of juvenile fish are facilitated.
Further explaining, suspended biological fillers, microbial products and nutrient solution are arranged in the secondary biological filter tank 4; the microbial product comprises one or more of photosynthetic bacteria, nitrifying bacteria, bacillus and lactic acid bacteria. Suspended biological fillers, microbial products and nutrient solution are added into the secondary biological filter tank 4, so that nitrobacteria and the like in the water body are purified, and substances which are not beneficial to growth of juvenile fish, such as ammonia gas and the like in the water body, are effectively degraded.
Further explaining, the device also comprises an electrochemical water device 8, and the electrochemical water device 8 is connected to the oxygen increasing pool 6. Replenishing electrochemical water into the aeration tank through the electrochemical water equipment for disinfecting the aquaculture water again; the oxygenation pond 6 is used for carrying out oxygenation aeration to the water after the disinfection that flows in from the ultraviolet ray disinfection pond 5, discharges carbon dioxide, has still realized the effect of secondary disinfection moreover, has effectively ensured the quality of aquaculture water, improves the survival rate of tilapia juvenile fish.
A heating device, a high-pressure spraying device and an intelligent water body monitoring system are arranged in the culture pond 7; the high-pressure spraying device is used for cleaning the fish pond after a batch of tilapia fries are cultured; and a solar panel is erected above the culture system and is used for supporting the effective operation of the circulating water system.
Embodiment 1-a method for semi-closed circulating water culture of juvenile tilapia, comprising the following steps:
(1) designing a nutrient solution: preparing a nutrient solution according to the following components in percentage by mass: 60% of ammonium sulfate, 8% of calcium hydrophosphate, 8% of monopotassium phosphate, 8% of sodium acetate, 0.5% of vitamin premix, 0.35% of enzyme preparation, 2% of stabilizer, 1% of mineral salt, 2% of trace element mixed preparation, 1.2% of tea polyphenol, 2% of cynomorium songaricum, 0.8% of white paeony root, 1.2% of yeast, 1.1% of amino acid, 3.5% of maltose and 0.35% of sodium alginate;
the preparation method of the nutrient solution comprises the following steps: firstly, respectively adding water to ammonium sulfate, calcium hydrogen sulfate, potassium dihydrogen sulfate, sodium acetate and mineral salt according to a certain proportion for dissolving, and then mixing in a container to obtain a mixed solution; heating the obtained mixed solution to 60 ℃ to completely dissolve the mixed solution; and finally, adding sodium alginate, a vitamin premix, a trace element mixed preparation, maltose, amino acid, tea polyphenol, cynomorium songaricum, white paeony root, an enzyme preparation, a stabilizer and yeast into the mixed solution according to a proportion, and continuously stirring the mixture while adding the reagent until the mixture is completely dissolved uniformly to obtain the nutrient solution for culturing juvenile tilapia.
(2) Designing a water body of the fish pond: setting the flow velocity, the water temperature, the water body exchange rate, the dissolved oxygen amount and the pH value of the aquaculture water body when a circulating water system in the aquaculture process is operated, wherein the flow velocity of the aquaculture water body is 0.4 m/s; the water temperature is 28 ℃, and the maximum temperature difference of the water in the pool in one day is less than 5 ℃; the daily water body exchange rate is more than 95 percent, and the dissolved oxygen amount of the water body is 3.5 mg/L; the pH value of the water body is 8.5; and regularly putting microbial products and nutrient solution;
(3) fry stocking: placing and culturing juvenile tilapia in a designed fishpond, wherein the stocking density of the juvenile tilapia is 7000 tails/m3The size of the young tilapia in the pond is 500 tails/jin;
(4) feeding management: preparing a feeding bait formula according to the nutritional requirements of young tilapia fish cultured in a circulating water system, wherein the feeding bait comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 42 percent of steam fish meal, 20 percent of soybean milk powder, 6.7 percent of whole milk powder, 14 percent of shrimp flake powder, 8 percent of yolk powder, 3 percent of fish oil, 2.3 percent of monocalcium phosphate, 0.1 percent of complex enzyme preparation, 0.1 percent of L-carnitine, 0.15 percent of choline chloride, 0.15 percent of 98.5 percent of lysine, 0.5 percent of vitamin premix and 3.0 percent of trace element premix; feeding baits according to the set feeding amount and feeding mode;
(5) managing the water body of the fish pond: discharging the wastewater in the fishpond, namely circulating the water four times per day, and discharging 5 percent of wastewater to the artificial wetland for purification treatment; aerating the aquaculture water, supplementing 1 time of electrochemical water every 20 minutes to disinfect the aquaculture water, and adjusting the pH value of the aquaculture water to 8.5 by using quick lime until a batch of tilapia is cultured.
Embodiment 2-a method for semi-closed circulating water culture of juvenile tilapia, comprising the following steps:
(1) designing a nutrient solution: preparing a nutrient solution according to the following components in percentage by mass: 75% of ammonium sulfate, 4% of calcium hydrophosphate, 4% of monopotassium phosphate, 3% of sodium acetate, 0.1% of vitamin premix, 0.15% of enzyme preparation, 2% -5% of stabilizer, 1% of mineral salt, 2.6% of trace element mixed preparation, 1% of tea polyphenol, 1.5% of cynomorium songaricum, 0.5% of white paeony root, 0.5% of yeast, 3% of amino acid, 1.5% of maltose and 0.15% of sodium alginate;
(2) designing a water body of the fish pond: setting the flow velocity, the water temperature, the water body exchange rate, the dissolved oxygen amount and the pH value of the aquaculture water body when a circulating water system in the aquaculture process is operated, wherein the flow velocity of the aquaculture water body is 0.6 m/s; the water temperature is-31 ℃, and the maximum temperature difference of the water in the pond in one day is less than 5 ℃; the daily water body exchange rate is more than 95 percent, and the dissolved oxygen amount of the water body is 3.5 mg/L; the pH value of the water body is 7.2; and regularly putting microbial products and nutrient solution;
(3) fry stocking: placing and culturing juvenile tilapia in a designed fishpond, wherein the stocking density of the juvenile tilapia is 7000 tails/m3The size of the young tilapia in the pond is 500 tails/jin;
(4) feeding management: preparing a feeding bait formula according to the nutritional requirements of young tilapia fish cultured in a circulating water system, wherein the feeding bait comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 36% of steam fish meal, 26% of soybean milk powder, 8.0% of whole milk powder, 17% of shrimp flake powder, 5% of egg yolk powder, 2% of fish oil, 2.5% of monocalcium phosphate, 0.25% of complex enzyme preparation, 0.3% of L-carnitine, 0.3% of choline chloride, 0.3% of 98.5% of lysine, 0.85% of vitamin premix and 1.5% of trace element premix; feeding baits according to the set feeding amount and feeding mode;
(5) managing the water body of the fish pond: discharging the wastewater in the fishpond, namely circulating the water four times per day, and discharging 5 percent of wastewater to the artificial wetland for purification treatment; aerating the aquaculture water, supplementing 1 time of electrochemical water every 20 minutes to disinfect the aquaculture water, and adjusting the pH value of the aquaculture water to 7.2 by using quick lime until a batch of tilapia is cultured.
According to the same preparation steps and the same experimental parameter conditions in the embodiment 1, only the component proportions of the nutrient solution formula are changed to be used as the embodiments 3 and 4 and the comparative examples 1-4, the prepared different nutrient solutions are respectively put into a culture circulating water system of tilapia juvenile fish, the purification speed of the water body is periodically measured, the survival rate and the growth condition of the tilapia juvenile fish are counted, and the measurement results are as follows:
according to the table, the nutrient solution prepared in the embodiments 1-4 is added into a culture circulating water system of young tilapia, the water body purification speed is obviously accelerated, the survival rate of the young tilapia is high, the growth and reproduction speed is high, and the occurrence rate is very low; the nutrient solution prepared in comparative examples 1-4 is added into a culture circulating water system of young tilapia, so that the time required for purifying a water body is long, the survival rate of the young tilapia is obviously reduced, and the growth speed is slow, therefore, a certain amount of tea polyphenol, cynomorium songaricum and white paeony root are added, so that balanced nutritional requirements are provided for nitrobacteria and the like, the activity of the nitrobacteria is improved, and the culture time of the nitrobacteria is greatly shortened; moreover, the nitrifying reaction of nitrifying bacteria is effectively catalyzed, the efficiency of converting the nitrifying bacteria into ammonia gas is improved, the degradation effect of the ammonia gas is enhanced, the nutrient solution is used in the culture water body, the time for purifying water can be effectively shortened, the purification effect and efficiency of the water are improved, the quality of a water system in the culture process is effectively controlled, the survival rate of juvenile tilapia is improved, and tilapia products with few diseases and good meat quality can be obtained under other culture conditions.
The technical principle of the present invention is described above in connection with specific embodiments. The description is made for the purpose of illustrating the principles of the invention and should not be construed in any way as limiting the scope of the invention. Based on the explanations herein, those skilled in the art will be able to conceive of other embodiments of the present invention without inventive effort, which would fall within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. A semi-closed circulating water culture method for juvenile tilapia is characterized in that: the method comprises the following steps:
(1) designing a nutrient solution: preparing a nutrient solution according to the following components in percentage by mass: 60-75% of ammonium sulfate, 4-8% of calcium hydrophosphate, 4-8% of monopotassium phosphate, 3-8% of sodium acetate, 0.1-0.5% of vitamin premix, 0.15-0.35% of enzyme preparation, 2-5% of stabilizer, 1-2% of mineral salt, 2-4% of trace element mixed preparation, 1-1.2% of tea polyphenol, 1.5-2% of cynomorium songaricum, 0.5-0.8% of white paeony root, 0.5-1.2% of yeast, 1-3% of amino acid, 1.5-3.5% of maltose and 0.15-0.35% of sodium alginate;
(2) designing a water body of the fish pond: setting the flow rate, water temperature, water body exchange rate, dissolved oxygen and pH value of the culture water body when a circulating water system in the culture process is operated, and regularly putting microbial products and nutrient solution;
(3) fry stocking: young tilapia is put and cultured in the designed fishpond;
(4) feeding management: preparing a bait feeding formula according to the nutritional requirements of young tilapia cultured in a circulating water system, and feeding baits according to the set feeding amount and feeding mode; the feeding bait comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 36-42% of steam fish meal, 20-26% of soybean milk powder, 6.7-8.0% of whole milk powder, 14-17% of shrimp slice powder, 5-8% of egg yolk powder, 2-3% of fish oil, 1.0-2.5% of monocalcium phosphate, 0.1-0.25% of complex enzyme preparation, 0.10-0.30% of L-carnitine, 0.15-0.30% of choline chloride, 0.15-0.30% of 98.5% of lysine, 0.5-2.0% of vitamin premix and 1.5-3.0% of trace element premix;
(5) managing the water body of the fish pond: and discharging the waste water in the fish pond, aerating and disinfecting the culture water body, and adjusting the pH value of the water body until a batch of tilapia culture is completed.
2. The semi-closed circulating water aquaculture method for juvenile tilapia according to claim 1, characterized in that: in the design of the water body of the fish pond, the flow velocity of the aquaculture water body is 0.4-0.6 m/s; the water temperature is 28-31 ℃, and the maximum temperature difference of the water in the pond in one day is less than +/-5 ℃; the daily water body exchange rate is more than 95 percent, and the dissolved oxygen amount of the water body is 3.5 mg/L; the pH value of the water body is 7.2-8.5.
3. The semi-closed circulating water aquaculture method for juvenile tilapia according to claim 1, characterized in that: in the step (3), the stocking density of young tilapia is 7000 tails/m3The size of the young tilapia in the pond is 500 tails/jin.
4. The semi-closed circulating water aquaculture method for juvenile tilapia according to claim 1, characterized in that: in the step (5), the fish pond water body management comprises: circulating the water four times every day, and discharging 5% of wastewater to the artificial wetland for purification treatment; and (3) replenishing the electrified water for 1 time every 20 minutes to disinfect the aquaculture water body, and adjusting the pH value of the water body to 7.2-8.5 by using quick lime.
5. A culture system using the semi-closed circulating water culture method of tilapia juvenile fish of any one of claims l to 4, characterized in that: comprises a reservoir, an outdoor first-stage biological treatment tank, a micro-filter treatment tank, a second-stage biological filter tank, an ultraviolet disinfection tank, an oxygenation tank and a plurality of culture tanks; the reservoir, the outdoor first-stage biological treatment tank, the micro-filter treatment tank, the second-stage biological filter tank, the ultraviolet disinfection tank and the oxygenation tank are sequentially connected; a water inlet main pipe is arranged at a water outlet of the aeration tank; a main drainage pipe is arranged at a water inlet of the outdoor primary biological treatment tank; the culture ponds are sequentially distributed, and a water inlet branch pipe and a water outlet branch pipe are respectively arranged at a water inlet and a water outlet of each culture pond; the water inlet branch pipe is communicated with the water inlet main pipe; the drainage branch pipe is communicated with the drainage main pipe.
6. The culture system using the semi-closed circulating water culture method of juvenile tilapia according to claim 5, characterized in that: the size of cistern does: 1.8 × 2.2 × 2 m; the size of the outdoor primary biological treatment pool is 6 x 5 x (0.3-1.5) m, and the bottom slope is 15%; the size of the micro-filter treatment tank is as follows: 2.8 × 2.2 × 2 m; the size of the secondary biological filter tank is as follows: 3 x 1.5 x 2 m; the size of the aeration pool is 1.8 x 2.2 x 2 m; the size of the culture pond is 6 x 3 x 0.6m, and the bottom slope is 8%.
7. The culture system using the semi-closed circulating water culture method of juvenile tilapia according to claim 5, characterized in that: the interior of the outdoor primary biological treatment tank is provided with corallite, medical stone, biological attaching base, submerged plants, emergent aquatic plants and floating algae; the submerged plant comprises one or more of Moss aquatic weed, Ficus benjamina and Goldfish algae; the emergent aquatic plant comprises one or more of canna, calamus, rhizoma alismatis, iris and lotus; the floating algae comprises one or more of water lettuce, Dudou algae and Nelumbo nucifera.
8. The culture system using the semi-closed circulating water culture method of juvenile tilapia according to claim 5, characterized in that: suspended biological fillers, microbial products and nutrient solution are arranged in the secondary biological filter tank; the microbial product comprises one or more of photosynthetic bacteria, nitrifying bacteria, bacillus and lactic acid bacteria.
9. The culture system using the semi-closed circulating water culture method of juvenile tilapia according to claim 5, characterized in that: still include electrochemical water equipment, electrochemical water equipment connect in oxygenation pond.
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