CN108293346B - Method for cultivating byttneria spinosa by using garden waste and application of byttneria spinosa in ecological restoration of mining area - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a method for cultivating acanthus spinosus by using garden waste and application of the acanthus spinosus in ecological restoration. The method is a novel and efficient method for cultivating the spiny fruit vines by recycling garden waste, and the spiny fruit vines obtained by cultivation have the advantages of high growth speed, few plant diseases and insect pests and the like. The burclover stems cultivated by the method and the cultivation mixed matrix used in the cultivation can be applied to ecological restoration of mining areas, can form a composite greening layer with a certain thickness in a short time, effectively control water and soil loss of the mining areas, solve the problems that rock walls of the mining areas cannot climb and the like by combining a unique three-dimensional greening process suitable for the burclover stems, and have good application prospect.

Description

Method for cultivating byttneria spinosa by using garden waste and application of byttneria spinosa in ecological restoration of mining area

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the technical field of ecological restoration engineering, and particularly relates to a cultivation method suitable for local plant acanthus spinosus, and the cultivated acanthus spinosus is applied to ecological restoration of a mining area.

Background

Byttneria grandiflora DC is belonging to the genus erythrina of the family firmiana, which is a woody big vine produced in the middle and south of the areas of the three provinces, guangdong, guangxi and Yunnan, and generally originated in the sparse forest or beside the valley stream. The leaves are wide, oval, heart-shaped or nearly circular, 7-23 cm long, 5.5-16 cm wide, almost without hair on the top, and white star-shaped short and soft hair on the bottom. The flower is small, yellowish white, and the inner side is slightly purplish red. Fruit ball shape or egg shape ball shape, diameter 3-4 cm, short and thick thorn, short and soft hair; the seeds were oblong, about 12mm long, and black at maturity. Spring and summer in flowering period.

In recent years, with the deepening of ecological civilization construction, particularly, the supervision and protection work in a natural protection area is increasingly in place, and the ecological restoration of mines is a popular market segment. By using the rural plants in the Huanan region and matching with the corresponding cultivation technology, propagation technology and ecological restoration engineering process, good effects can be produced on various types of mine restoration engineering in the region, and good ecological, economic and social benefits are formed.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to: the method for efficiently cultivating the acanthus pungens by recycling the garden wastes and the application of the acanthus pungens cultivated by the method in ecological restoration of the mining area in south China are provided to overcome the problems that the garden wastes are short in utilization mode and the ecological restoration of the mining area is urgently needed in the prior art.

In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides a method for cultivating byttneria spinosa with garden waste, which comprises the following steps:

(1) collecting garden waste: collecting various garden wastes generated by lawn pruning, trunk pruning, natural leaf dropping and the like, and drying and crushing the garden wastes for later use;

(2) and (3) fermenting garden waste: soaking the garden waste obtained in the step (1) in cold water for 24 hours, draining the water, and then scattering 1000-1200 g/m of pond sludge³Stirring uniformly, covering a plastic film for natural fermentation;

(3) adjusting the pH value of the garden waste: after fermentation, measuring the pH value by using pH test paper, and adjusting the pH value to 6.5-7.5;

(4) preparing a cultivation mixed matrix: mixing the garden waste obtained in the step (3) with river sand and red soil according to the proportion of 5:3:3, and mixing and stirring the mixture and the mixture according to the volume ratio of 1:1, mixing the dried chicken manure and the plant ash to form a base fertilizer according to the weight ratio of 20: 3-4, uniformly mixing and stirring to obtain a cultivation mixed matrix;

(5) cultivation: and (3) placing the mixed culture medium obtained in the step (4) into a container (such as a medium-sized plastic flowerpot), directly inoculating the small seedlings of the byttneria spinosa bred by cutting into the mixed culture medium, or shallowly embedding the seeds of the byttneria spinosa into the mixed culture medium, fully watering and normally managing and protecting.

As a preferable technical scheme of the method for cultivating the spiny fruit vines by using the garden wastes, in the step (1), the garden wastes are divided into dry and wet types according to the water content, the dry garden wastes with the water content of less than or equal to 40% are wet garden wastes, the wet garden wastes with the water content of more than 40% are exposed for 7-10 days for disinfection and dehydration, then the wet garden wastes and the dry garden wastes are crushed together to obtain the sawdust-shaped or sawdust-shaped garden wastes, and the sawdust-shaped or sawdust-shaped garden wastes are uniformly stirred.

As a preferred technical scheme of the method for cultivating the acanthus pungens by using the garden waste, in the step (2), the natural fermentation is as follows: fermenting in spring and summer in south China for 30-40 days, and turning over once every 3-5 days; fermenting for 60-80 days in autumn and winter, and turning over once every 10-14 days to ensure no odor after fermentation.

As a preferable technical scheme of the method for cultivating the byttneria spinosa by using the garden waste, in the step (3), the pH value is adjusted by using calcium superphosphate.

As an optimal technical scheme of the method for cultivating the acanthus pungens by using the garden waste, in the step (5), the method for cultivating the small seedlings of the acanthus pungens through cuttage comprises the steps of selecting healthy and vigorous acanthus pungens as mother plants in spring and summer, cutting 15-20 cm of non-lignified rattans, taking 1-2 sections and 1-2 leaves as cuttage branches (the leaves are not suitable to be too large and are not suitable to be reduced to cause wounds and are directly cut off), soaking the cuttage branches in a 1:2000 potassium permanganate solution for 10min, soaking the lower ends of the cuttage branches in a 60 mg/L IBA solution for 8h, performing cuttage, mixing a cuttage matrix which is river sand and vermiculite according to a volume ratio of 1:1, and disinfecting the cuttage matrix with disinfectant, wherein the humidity is 60-70% and the humidity is not too high;

the method comprises the following steps of collecting the fruits of the spiny vines in autumn and winter, enabling the fruits to be round and provided with spines, cutting the fruits by using a branch shear, enabling the interior to be black and mature seeds, selecting the seeds which are full and bright in color and are free of insect pests, drying the seeds in the shade, airing the seeds in the shade of the gout, placing the seeds in a cloth bag, storing the seeds in a refrigerator at the temperature of-4 ℃, rubbing the seeds on coarse sand paper before spring cultivation to break seed coats, soaking the seeds in tap water for 1-2 days in the sun, and soaking the seeds in a mixed solution of 80 mg/L IBA and 8 mg/L NAA for 5 min.

As a preferred technical scheme of the method for cultivating the echinacea by using the garden wastes, the container is placed in a nursery in the first two weeks after cultivation, a shading shed with the height of 0.5-1 m is arranged by using small bamboo poles and a shading net, ventilation is guaranteed in the cultivation process and is not too stuffy, water is thoroughly watered once according to the weather for 2-3 days, and the shading shed is removed after two weeks.

As an optimal technical scheme of the method for cultivating the acanthus pungens with the garden waste, the method sprays fertilizers once every 1-2 weeks in the growth of the acanthus pungens, wherein the fertilizers are 3:1:1 volume ratio of urea and P₂O₅KCl with concentration of 1000 times, and applying multiple thin fertilizers; under the condition of ensuring ventilation, generally no plant diseases and insect pests occur, such as continuous rain in summer, fungal diseases need to be noticed when the humidity is too high, and the carbendazim can be used for spraying and preventing once a week.

After the spiny fruit vines obtained by the method for cultivating the spiny fruit vines are normally grown, the spiny fruit vines can be used for ecological restoration of mining areas in Huanan areas together with a mixed cultivation medium, and the method is divided into the following three types according to the characteristics of the mining areas:

firstly, when the mining area is a gentle bare mining area, because the mining area has a soil layer, the mining area is mostly a bare area, the mining area is seriously polluted by different types, the water and soil loss is serious, and the echinacea has stronger pollution resistance capability every 1-2 m²Set up a dark 20 ~ 30cm, wide 30 ~ 40 cm's planting groove, at planting groove bottom foreshadowing 3cm, the volume ratio is 1:1, transplanting the roxburgh anoectochilus terminal bud and plant ash mixed culture medium in a plastic flowerpot together into planting pits, and planting 2-3 roxburgh anoectochilus terminal buds in each planting groove; then filling the soil with local soil, compacting the soil after the soil is thoroughly watered, and paving the soil on the soil to form a small hill shape; the water supply is guaranteed according to season, temperature and weather one month before planting, the growth of the survived acanthopanax spinosus is sequential, and a composite greening layer with a certain thickness can be quickly formed due to the fact that the acanthopanax spinosus is a wooden vine, and water and soil loss is effectively controlled.

Secondly, when the mine of the mining area is a side slope with an exposed angle of 45 degrees or below, the exposed side slope area generally has a thin soil layer and more rock blocks, the water and soil loss is serious, planting grooves with the depth of 40cm and the width of 20cm can be arranged at intervals of 4-5m according to actual conditions, oblique wood or cement blocks are used as supports at the descending slope part of the planting grooves with steep local slopes, steel nails are driven into the supports, and the depth of the steel nails is 20-30 cm; the volume ratio of bedding at the bottom of the planting groove is 1:1, transplanting the acer spinosum and rhizoma coptidis cultivation mixed matrix in the plastic flowerpot to planting grooves together, planting 2-3 plants in each planting groove, filling the planting grooves with local soil, and slightly compacting after watering; the water supply is guaranteed according to seasons, temperature and weather one month before planting, and a water spraying vehicle can be used for remotely supplementing water.

Thirdly, when the mine in the mining area is a steep slope or a cliff area which is exposed above 45 degrees, the steep slope is generally a rock block, less soil layers are formed, the water and soil loss is serious, the pivot point which can be climbed by the vine is less, and the difficulty in ecological restoration is caused by almost no soil layers, and the method can comprise the following steps:

(1) erecting a climbing net structure in a steep slope and a rock wall area, wherein the climbing net is formed by arranging steel cables from top to bottom at intervals of 2-3 m, fixing the steel cables at intervals of 1-2 m in height, and transversely fixing the steel cables to form the climbing net structure;

(2) loosening the soil close to the bottom of the steep slope and the rock wall area, pouring a mixed cultivation medium for mixing, arranging one or more continuous planting grooves with the depth of 30-40 cm and the width of 20cm along the bottom after leveling, and paving the bottom of the planting groove in a volume ratio of 1:1, transplanting the spiny barberry and rhizoma coptidis cultivation mixed matrix in the plastic flowerpot together to a planting groove, filling every 1-1.5 m of the spiny barberry and rhizoma coptidis cultivation mixed matrix, thoroughly watering, and covering the cultivation mixed matrix into a small hill shape.

As a preferred technical scheme of the application of the bur vine in the ecological restoration of the mining area, in the third step (2), according to the actual situation, planting troughs can be arranged at the positions 2-3 m away from the edge of the top of the steep slope and the rock wall area, and the volume ratio of the mat layer at the bottom of the planting troughs is 1:1, mixing the dried chicken manure and the plant ash to form a base fertilizer, and mixing the mixture of 3:1:1, the spiny fruit vines, the tulipa edulis (Thunbergia grandiflora) and the small-leaf climbing sand are transplanted in a planting groove to realize simultaneous upward and downward covering.

As an optimal technical scheme for the application of the acanthus pungens in the ecological restoration of the mining area, the acanthus pungens can be reasonably managed after being cultivated in the mining area, and the method specifically comprises the following steps: because of the thorn fruit vine has apparent climbing habit that makes progress, and can form firm wooden vine structural layer, has fine steadiness, in order to strengthen this kind of vine structural layer, can tie up wooden vine with the about band of plastics on the climbing net in the management, reasonable fertilizer that uses nitrogen fertilizer as the owner prunes the vine structural layer and ties up together, forms the trend of climbing upwards. In actual planting, no obvious plant diseases and insect pests are seen, the method has the advantages of strong stress resistance and high growth speed, and a good covering layer can be formed through normal management and protection.

Compared with the prior art, the method for cultivating the acanthus pungens by using the garden waste and the application of the acanthus pungens in ecological restoration have the following advantages:

the method is a novel and efficient method for cultivating the spiny fruit vines by recycling garden waste, and the spiny fruit vines obtained by cultivation have the advantages of high growth speed, no plant diseases and insect pests and the like. The burclover stems cultivated by the method and the cultivation mixed matrix used in the cultivation can be applied to ecological restoration of mining areas, can form a composite greening layer with a certain thickness in a short time, effectively control soil and water loss of the mining areas, solve the problems that rock walls of the mining areas cannot be climbed and the like, and have good application prospect.

Drawings

The method for cultivating byttneria spinosa by using garden waste and the application and beneficial effects thereof in ecological restoration will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and the specific embodiments.

FIG. 1 shows the actual covering effect of the acanthus pungens on the exposed slope of 45 deg. or below.

FIG. 2 shows that the bare abrupt slope of more than 45 degrees of the roxburgh anoectochilus terminal bud vine cultivated by the method can quickly climb up a gentle slope and an abrupt slope and form a vegetation cover layer in the ecological restoration of a mining area.

Detailed Description

In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantageous technical effects of the present invention clearer, the present invention is further described in detail with reference to the following embodiments. It should be understood that the embodiments described in this specification are only for the purpose of illustrating the invention and are not to be construed as limiting the invention, and the parameters, proportions and the like of the embodiments may be suitably selected without materially affecting the results.

Examples

A place: guangdong environmental protection engineering profession institute, famous abandoned mine in the south China sea area of Foshan City.

Time: 1-2017 in 2015 for 6 months.

(1) Introduction of radix seu caulis Kadsurae Heteroclitae

In 2015, acanthopanax spinosus was introduced in the park of northern mountain near Zhaoqing city of college. The method comprises the following specific steps:

A. in the spring and summer season of 2015, selecting healthy and vigorous acanthus spinosus plants as mother plants, cutting off non-lignified vines, each section being 15-20 cm and provided with 1-2 nodes and 1-2 leaves, wherein the leaves are not too large and are not too small to cut into wounds, directly shearing off the stems, preparing potassium permanganate solution 1:2000, soaking for 10min for disinfection, preparing four groups of IBA solutions, wherein the concentrations of the IBA solutions are respectively 30 mg/L, 60 mg/L, 90 mg/L and 120 mg/L, each group comprises 10 cuttings and 40 cuttings, soaking the lower ends of the grouped cuttings in solution for 8h, slightly airing, namely, the cuttings substrate is prepared by combining river sand and vermiculite according to a volume ratio of 1:1, is disinfected by using disinfectant once, the humidity is kept at 60-70% during cutting, but the cuttings cannot be excessively wet, the cuttings are placed in a gravel area below a greenhouse seedling bed, and have a certain shady effect, the detailed root growth rate is 861, the root growth rate is highest, and the root growth rate is preferably the white cuttings are obtained under the condition that the root growth rate is L.

TABLE 1 cuttage rooting rate of byttneria spinosa

Serial number	Concentration (mg/L)	Rooting rate of cuttage	Root condition of the root system
				1	30	30％	The new roots are thin and weak and are generally dense
2	60	60％	The new root is white, healthy and dense
				3	90	50％	The new root is white, healthy and dense
4	120	10％	Weak and sparse new roots

B. A seed propagation method comprises the steps of collecting fruits of the spiny fruit vines in autumn and winter of 2015, enabling the fruits to be round and provided with thorns, cutting the fruits by branch scissors, enabling the interior to be black and mature seeds, selecting good seeds which are full and bright in color and have no insect pests, airing the seeds in a ventilated shade place, placing the seeds in a cloth bag, storing the bag at about 1kg, placing the bag in a refrigerator at the temperature of-4 ℃, and conducting pretreatment before spring cultivation, wherein the seeds are placed on coarse sand paper to rub, the seeds are exposed after seed coat breakage, soaking and airing tap water for 1-2 days, further configuring IBA 40 mg/L, IBA80 mg/L, IBA 120 mg/L, IBA80 mg/L + NAA 8 mg/L, IBA80 36L + NAA 12 mg/L solutions for 5 groups on the basis of the preliminary experiment in the previous period, soaking each group for 5min, sowing the seeds, checking the germination rate of the seeds, and showing in Table 2 in detail, wherein the IBA80 mg/L + NAA 12 mg/L healthy groups are suitable for promoting germination rate, and the germination of the plants is high in a root system.

TABLE 2 Crataegus oxyacantha seed germination percentage

Serial number	Composition of solution	Germination rate	General situation
				1	IBA 40mg/L	30％	The germinated plants are healthy and have weak root systems
2	IBA 80mg/L	60％	The plant after germination is healthy and has a general root system
				3	IBA 120mg/L	40％	The plant after germination is healthy and has a general root system
4	IBA 80mg/L+NAA 8mg/L	80％	The plant after germination is healthy and has dense root system
				5	IBA 80mg/L+NAA 12mg/L	70％	The plant after germination is healthy and has a general root system

(2) And (5) collecting garden waste. In the garden greening management and protection work of the Guangdong environmental protection engineering vocational college in 2015-2017, various garden wastes generated by lawn trimming, trunk pruning, natural leaf dropping and the like are collected, all the garden wastes are divided into dry and wet types, wherein the water content of the dry garden wastes is less than 40% of dry garden wastes, and the water content of the wet garden wastes is greater than 40% of wet garden wastes. If the plants are wet, the plants are exposed for 7-10 days for disinfection and dehydration. The dried garden waste is primarily crushed by a crusher, is in sawdust shape and sawdust shape after being crushed, and is uniformly stirred.

(2) And (5) fermenting garden waste. Placing the crushed garden waste into a cement pond in a nursery of the Guangdong environmental protection engineering academy of occupational academy of sciences for soaking in cold water for 24 hours, draining the water, scattering pond sludge according to the standard of 1000-1200 g per 1 cubic meter, uniformly stirring, and covering with a plastic film; naturally fermenting in south China for 30-40 days in spring and summer, and turning over once every 3-5 days; naturally fermenting in autumn and winter for 60-80 days, and turning over once every 10-14 days. The fermented product has no odor.

(3) Adjusting the pH value of the garden waste. And (3) after fermentation, measuring the pH value by using pH test paper, gradually adding a proper amount of calcium superphosphate, and adjusting the pH value to be 6.5-7.5.

(4) And (5) preparing a culture mixed matrix. Mixing the garden waste fermentation product with the pH value adjusted, the fine river sand and the red soil according to the volume ratio of 5:3:3, and uniformly stirring. After the substrate is manufactured, a base fertilizer formed by mixing the dried chicken manure and the plant ash is manufactured according to the volume ratio of 1:1, 150-200 g of the base fertilizer is mixed into every 1kg of the mixed substrate, and the mixture is uniformly stirred before cultivation and sowing.

(5) And (4) a cultivation mode. A medium-sized plastic flowerpot is used as a container, 4 matrixes are placed for comparison, namely garden waste mixed matrix, red soil and red soil with the volume ratio of 2: 1: fine river sand, red soil with the volume ratio of 2: 1: peat soil, see table 3 for details. The transplanting quantity of the cuttage seedlings in each group is 5, and the seedlings bred by cuttage are directly inoculated; the treated seeds are shallow buried. And (5) fully watering. And (3) placing the container in a nursery garden of Guangdong environmental protection engineering vocational college 2 weeks before planting, and establishing a small shade shed with the height of 0.5-1 m by using a small bamboo pole and a shade-shading net. The ventilation is ensured in the cultivation process, and the cultivation cannot be too stuffy. And (5) watering for 1 time according to the weather for 2-3 days. And (5) removing the small shade shed after 2 weeks, and normally managing and protecting. After 4 weeks of cultivation, the byttneria spinosa plants using the garden waste mixed matrix grow well, and the average height of 5 byttneria spinosa plants after 4 weeks is up to 1.8 m; more leaves, dark green and healthy; the root system is white, healthy and dense.

TABLE 3 growth of byttneria speciosa cultivated in different media

(6) Fertilizer and pest control. In the growth period, spraying 1 time of fertilizer every 1-2 weeks according to the growth vigor, wherein the fertilizer is a compound fertilizer, urea: p₂O₅: KCl is 3:1:1 (volume ratio), the concentration is 1000 times, and multiple applications of thin fertilizers are realized. In the case of ensuring ventilation, no plant diseases or insect pests generally occur. If it is raining continuously in summer and fungus diseases need to be noticed when humidity is too high, carbendazim can be sprayed for prevention for 1 time every week.

(7) An ecological restoration process for a mining area. After the acanthus pungens grow normally, the ecological restoration engineering of the relevant mining area can be developed, and the ecological restoration engineering can be basically divided into 3 types:

A. gentle bare mine areas. The general mining area still has a soil layer, but is mostly an exposed area, and is seriously polluted by different types of soil and water loss is serious. In the area of the backward mountain of the environmental protection engineering academy of Guangdong, the gentle bare mine area environment is simulated, and the environment is about every 1-2 m²1 plant is planted, the depth of a planting groove is 20-30 cm, the width of the planting groove is 30-40 cm, a base fertilizer formed by mixing dry chicken manure and plant ash is paved at the bottom in a volume ratio of 1:1, and the thickness of the base fertilizer is about 3 cm. Transplanting the acanthus spinosus linn matrix in the plastic flowerpot to a planting groove, and filling the planting groove with local soil. And slightly compacting after water is poured. Then local soil is paved to form a small hill shape. The water supply is guaranteed according to seasons, temperature and weather 1 month before planting. After the growth, the bur vine grows rapidly, and meanwhile, the seed is a wood vine, a composite greening layer with a certain thickness can be formed rapidly, and the water and soil loss is effectively controlled.

B. Exposed side slopes (below 45 degrees) of the mine. The exposed slope area generally has a thin soil layer, more rock blocks and heavier water and soil loss. In the slope region of the famous abandoned mine in the south sea area of the Foshan city, planting grooves with different lengths are dug at intervals of 4-5m according to the actual situation, and the depth is about 40 cm. The downhill part of the planting groove with a steep part can use oblique upward wood, cement blocks and the like as a support, and steel nails are driven under the support, wherein the depth of the steel nails is 20-30 cm. And paving a base fertilizer mixed by dry chicken manure and plant ash with a bedding volume ratio of 1:1 in the planting groove according to the actual depth. Transplanting the acanthus spinosus linn matrix in the plastic flowerpot to a planting groove, and filling the planting groove with local soil. And slightly compacting after water is poured. The water supply is guaranteed according to seasons, temperature and weather 1 month before planting, and a water spraying vehicle can be used for remotely supplementing water.

C. The bare steep slope of the mine and the rock wall area (more than 45 degrees). The abrupt slope is generally a rock, less soil layers are formed, water and soil loss is heavy, and the pivot points on which the vine can climb are few. The rock wall area is difficult for ecological restoration and almost has no soil layer. In the side slope area of the unknown abandoned mine in the south sea area of the Foshan city, the specific ecological restoration engineering is divided into three major steps.

a. And a climbing net structure is erected between the steep slope area and the rock wall area. Paving a thin steel cable from top to bottom every 2-3 m; and fixing the steel nails by using the steel nails every 1-2 m high. The transverse fixing is carried out by using a thinner steel rope to form a net structure together.

b. A cultivation area. In the soil area close to the steep slope and the bottom of the rock wall, the soil in the area is primarily improved, and the soil is loosened by using a small excavator, and the soil can be excavated to about 5000m in one day²And pouring the culture mixed substrate into the mixture. And digging out a planting groove with the depth of 30-40 cm after leveling. Paving a base fertilizer prepared by mixing dry chicken manure and plant ash in a bedding volume ratio of 1: 1. Transplanting the acanthus spinosus linn matrix in the plastic flowerpot to a planting groove, wherein the density is 1-1.5 m per plant, and filling the planting groove with a mixed culture matrix. Pouring water, and filling the mixed matrix into a small hill. And planting in planting grooves at the positions 2-3 m away from the edges at the tops of the steep slopes and the rock walls, so that the planting grooves can be planted upwards and downwards at the same time. Combining the hybrid acanthus pungens with the vine such as the big flower crow (Thunbergia grandiflora) in the proportion of acanthus pungens: big flower crow mouth: all-grass of littleleaf climbing fern is 3:1: 1.

c. Management techniques. In the management, because the acanthus pungens have obvious climbing habit, and can form firm wooden liana structural layer, have fine steadiness. The vine structural layer is reinforced, the wooden vine can be tied to the climbing net by using plastic restraint belts in management, fertilizer mainly containing nitrogen fertilizer is reasonably applied, and the vine structural layer is trimmed and tied together to form an upward climbing trend. In the actual planting, no obvious plant diseases and insect pests are seen, the stress resistance is strong, the growth speed is high, and a covering layer can be well formed under normal management and protection.

(8) And (4) overall effect. By 6 months in 2017, the spiny vines planted in unknown abandoned mines in the southern sea areas of Guangdong environmental protection engineering academy of industry and the Fushan City have good growth vigor and no obvious plant diseases and insect pests, and very good vegetation cover layers are formed in gentle areas and gentle slope areas, so that the excellent greening and ecological restoration effects are achieved. The steep slope area also begins to climb up the climbing net and form a covered vegetation layer at the bottom. The roxburgh anoectochilus terminal bud, the tulip hyacinths and the small-leaf climbing fern sand at the tops of the steep slopes are good in growth, wherein the tulip hyacinths are partially suspended below the steep slopes to form a certain ecological restoration landscape. The overall engineering evaluation is high (see FIGS. 1-2).

Appropriate changes and modifications to the embodiments described above will become apparent to those skilled in the art from the disclosure and teachings of the foregoing description. Therefore, the present invention is not limited to the specific embodiments disclosed and described above, and some modifications and variations of the present invention should fall within the scope of the claims of the present invention. Furthermore, although specific terms are employed herein, they are used in a generic and descriptive sense only and not for purposes of limitation.

Claims (6)

1. A method for cultivating byttneria spinosa by using garden waste is characterized by comprising the following steps:

(1) collecting garden waste: collecting various garden wastes generated by lawn trimming, trunk pruning and natural leaf dropping, and drying and crushing for later use;

(2) and (3) fermenting garden waste: soaking the garden waste obtained in the step (1) in cold water for 24 hours, draining the cold water, then spraying 1000-1200 g/m3 of pond sludge, stirring, and covering a plastic film for natural fermentation;

(3) adjusting the pH value of the garden waste: after fermentation, adjusting the pH value to 6.5-7.5;

(4) preparing a cultivation mixed matrix: mixing the garden waste obtained in the step (3) with river sand and red soil according to the proportion of 5:3:3, and mixing and stirring the mixture and the mixture according to the volume ratio of 1:1, mixing the dried chicken manure and the plant ash to form a base fertilizer according to the weight ratio of 20: 3-4, mixing and stirring to obtain a cultivation mixed matrix;

(5) cultivation: placing the mixed culture medium obtained in the step (4) into a container, directly inoculating the cuttage-bred small-seedling of the byttneria spinosa into the mixed culture medium, or embedding the byttneria spinosa seeds into the mixed culture medium, fully watering and normally managing and protecting;

in the step (1), the garden waste is divided into dry and wet garden waste according to the water content, the garden waste with the water content of less than or equal to 40% is dry garden waste, the garden waste with the water content of more than 40% is wet garden waste, the wet garden waste is exposed for 7-10 days for disinfection and dehydration, and then the garden waste and the dry garden waste are crushed together to obtain sawdust-shaped or sawdust-shaped garden waste;

in the step (2), the natural fermentation is as follows: fermenting for 30-40 days in spring and summer, and turning over once every 3-5 days; fermenting for 60-80 days in autumn and winter, and turning over once every 10-14 days;

in the step (3), calcium superphosphate is used for adjusting the pH value;

in the step (5), the method for cultivating the cuttage-bred byttneria spinosa plantlets comprises the steps of selecting healthy and vigorous byttneria spinosa plants as mother plants in spring and summer, cutting out 15-20 cm of non-lignified rattan stems, using 1-2 nodes and 1-2 leaves as cuttage branches, soaking the cuttage branches in a 1:2000 potassium permanganate solution for 10min, soaking the lower ends of the cuttage branches in a 60 mg/L IBA solution for 8h, performing cuttage, mixing a cuttage matrix which is river sand and vermiculite in a volume ratio of 1:1, and sterilizing the cuttage matrix with sterilizing agent, wherein the humidity during cuttage is 60-70%;

the method comprises the following steps of selecting seeds which are free of insect pests, full and bright in color, drying in the shade, rubbing on coarse sandpaper to break seed coats, then soaking in tap water for 1-2 days in the sun, and soaking in a mixed solution of 80 mg/L IBA and 8 mg/L NAA for 5 min.

2. The method for cultivating byttneria spinosa with the garden waste as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the step (5), the container is placed in a nursery in the first two weeks after cultivation, a shading shed with a height of 0.5-1 m is arranged, and the shading shed is removed in the last two weeks.

3. The method for cultivating byttneria spinosa bunge by using the garden waste as claimed in claim 1, wherein a fertilizer is sprayed every 1-2 weeks during the growth of the byttneria spinosa bunge, wherein the fertilizer is 3:1:1 volume ratio of urea and P₂O₅And KCl at 1000-fold concentration.

4. The use of the byttneria spinosa cultivated by the method of cultivating the byttneria spinosa with the garden waste as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 3 in ecological restoration of mining areas.

5. The application of the byttneria spinosa bunge in the ecological restoration of a mining area according to claim 4 is characterized in that the byttneria spinosa bunge is divided into the following three types according to the characteristics of the mining area:

first, when the mining area is a gentle bare mining area, every 1-2/m²Set up a dark 20 ~ 30cm, wide 30 ~ 40 cm's planting groove, at planting groove bottom foreshadowing 3cm, the volume ratio is 1:1, transplanting the miscanthus spinosus cultivation mixed matrix to planting grooves together, planting 2-3 plants in each planting groove, and filling the planting grooves with local soil;

secondly, when the mine of the mining area is a side slope with the exposed angle of 45 degrees or less, planting grooves with the depth of 40cm and the width of 20cm are arranged every 4-5m, the downward slope of the planting grooves with steep slopes uses obliquely upward wood or cement blocks as supports, and steel nails with the depth of 20-30 cm are driven under the supports; the volume ratio of bedding at the bottom of the planting groove is 1:1, transplanting the miscanthus spinosus cultivation mixed matrix to planting grooves together, planting 2-3 plants in each planting groove, and filling the planting grooves with local soil;

thirdly, when the mine of the mining area is a steep slope or a rock wall area with the exposed angle of more than 45 degrees, the method comprises the following steps:

(1) erecting a climbing net structure in a steep slope and a rock wall area, wherein the climbing net is formed by arranging steel cables from top to bottom at intervals of 2-3 m, fixing the steel cables at intervals of 1-2 m in height, and transversely fixing the steel cables to form the climbing net structure;

(2) loosening the soil close to the bottom of the steep slope and the rock wall area, pouring a mixed cultivation medium for mixing, arranging one or more continuous planting grooves with the depth of 30-40 cm and the width of 20cm along the bottom after leveling, and paving the bottom of the planting groove in a volume ratio of 1:1, transplanting the miscanthus spinosus cultivation mixed matrix to a planting groove together, and filling the miscanthus spinosus cultivation mixed matrix every 1-1.5 m.

6. The application of the byttneria spinosa in ecological restoration of a mining area according to claim 5, wherein in the third step (2), planting grooves are further arranged at the positions 2-3 m away from the edge of the top of the steep slope and the rock wall area, and the volume ratio of the mat layers at the bottom of the planting grooves is 1:1, mixing the dried chicken manure and the plant ash to form a base fertilizer, and mixing the mixture of 3:1:1, transplanting the roxburgh anoectochilus terminal bud, the big flower tulip and the small leaf climbing fern spore in a planting groove.

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