CN108290485B - 车辆动力传动*** - Google Patents

车辆动力传动*** Download PDF

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CN108290485B
CN108290485B CN201680067394.XA CN201680067394A CN108290485B CN 108290485 B CN108290485 B CN 108290485B CN 201680067394 A CN201680067394 A CN 201680067394A CN 108290485 B CN108290485 B CN 108290485B
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electric machine
gear
differential
reduction
reduction gearing
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CN108290485A (zh
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H·尼尔森
W·贝兹
K·尼尔森
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BorgWarner Sweden AB
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K1/00—Arrangement or mounting of electrical propulsion units
    • B60K1/02—Arrangement or mounting of electrical propulsion units comprising more than one electric motor
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16H—GEARING
    • F16H3/00—Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion
    • F16H3/44—Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion using gears having orbital motion
    • F16H3/72—Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion using gears having orbital motion with a secondary drive, e.g. regulating motor, in order to vary speed continuously
    • F16H3/724—Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion using gears having orbital motion with a secondary drive, e.g. regulating motor, in order to vary speed continuously using external powered electric machines
    • F16H3/725—Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion using gears having orbital motion with a secondary drive, e.g. regulating motor, in order to vary speed continuously using external powered electric machines with means to change ratio in the mechanical gearing
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
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    • B60K1/00—Arrangement or mounting of electrical propulsion units
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B60K17/00—Arrangement or mounting of transmissions in vehicles
    • B60K17/02—Arrangement or mounting of transmissions in vehicles characterised by arrangement, location, or kind of clutch
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B60K17/04—Arrangement or mounting of transmissions in vehicles characterised by arrangement, location, or kind of gearing
    • B60K17/06—Arrangement or mounting of transmissions in vehicles characterised by arrangement, location, or kind of gearing of change-speed gearing
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B60K17/00—Arrangement or mounting of transmissions in vehicles
    • B60K17/04—Arrangement or mounting of transmissions in vehicles characterised by arrangement, location, or kind of gearing
    • B60K17/06—Arrangement or mounting of transmissions in vehicles characterised by arrangement, location, or kind of gearing of change-speed gearing
    • B60K17/08—Arrangement or mounting of transmissions in vehicles characterised by arrangement, location, or kind of gearing of change-speed gearing of mechanical type
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B60K17/00—Arrangement or mounting of transmissions in vehicles
    • B60K17/04—Arrangement or mounting of transmissions in vehicles characterised by arrangement, location, or kind of gearing
    • B60K17/16—Arrangement or mounting of transmissions in vehicles characterised by arrangement, location, or kind of gearing of differential gearing
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/22—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs
    • B60K6/36—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the transmission gearings
    • B60K6/365—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the transmission gearings with the gears having orbital motion
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/22—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs
    • B60K6/38—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the driveline clutches
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L15/00—Methods, circuits, or devices for controlling the traction-motor speed of electrically-propelled vehicles
    • B60L15/20—Methods, circuits, or devices for controlling the traction-motor speed of electrically-propelled vehicles for control of the vehicle or its driving motor to achieve a desired performance, e.g. speed, torque, programmed variation of speed
    • B60L15/2036—Electric differentials, e.g. for supporting steering vehicles
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16H—GEARING
    • F16H3/00—Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion
    • F16H3/44—Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion using gears having orbital motion
    • F16H3/72—Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion using gears having orbital motion with a secondary drive, e.g. regulating motor, in order to vary speed continuously
    • F16H3/724—Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion using gears having orbital motion with a secondary drive, e.g. regulating motor, in order to vary speed continuously using external powered electric machines
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16H—GEARING
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    • F16H3/44—Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion using gears having orbital motion
    • F16H3/72—Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion using gears having orbital motion with a secondary drive, e.g. regulating motor, in order to vary speed continuously
    • F16H3/727—Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion using gears having orbital motion with a secondary drive, e.g. regulating motor, in order to vary speed continuously with at least two dynamo electric machines for creating an electric power path inside the gearing, e.g. using generator and motor for a variable power torque path
    • F16H3/728—Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion using gears having orbital motion with a secondary drive, e.g. regulating motor, in order to vary speed continuously with at least two dynamo electric machines for creating an electric power path inside the gearing, e.g. using generator and motor for a variable power torque path with means to change ratio in the mechanical gearing
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B60K1/00—Arrangement or mounting of electrical propulsion units
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
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Abstract

本发明提供一种用于车辆的车辆动力传动***。所述***包括差速器(110)和主电机(121)；所述差速器(110)具有两个输出轴(111，112)，所述输出轴(111，112)能够与各自的车轮轴连接；所述主电机(121)经由第一减速传动装置(130)与所述差速器(110)的驱动输入(117)连接，所述第一减速传动装置(130)连接至用于调整所述第一减速传动装置(130)的齿轮比的第二电机(122)；其中所述第二电机(122)连接至离合器装置(150)，所述离合器装置(150)配置为选择性地锁定所述第一减速传动装置(130)的齿轮比。

Description

车辆动力传动***
技术领域
本发明涉及用于车辆的车辆动力传动***。更具体地，本发明涉及包括电动机的车辆动力传动***，允许车辆的纯电动驱动或混合动力驱动。
背景技术
用于乘用车的电动传动***正在赢得关注，并且近年来已经针对此类应用提出了各式各样的解决方案。此类传动***可以提供纯电动驱动或混合动力驱动。特别是，已经提供了将混合功能作为加入到现有传动***中的单独模块的建议。
目前的电动传动***的解决方案仅限于单齿轮传动。因此，现有技术中的电动传动***具有很多缺点。例如，由于高转矩的要求，减小电力驱动马达的尺寸是困难的。此外，优化动力传动***的效率是困难的，包括电力驱动马达、传动装置以及电力电子***的总能耗。
发明内容
因此，本发明的目的是提供克服现有技术缺点的车辆动力传动***。特别地，本发明的构思是提供一种能够改变电机与差速器之间减速齿轮比的车辆动力传动***。这提供了许多的优点。制造的电力驱动马达可以具有更小的尺寸，这允许改进包装和更具成本效益的解决方案。尤其是，低速档位的较高齿轮减速降低了电力驱动马达的转矩要求，因为较高齿轮减速用于使车辆达到最大速度而没有使电力驱动马达超速运转。此外，提供两个或更多的齿轮以便有可能选择优化***效率的齿轮，从而提供更高的范围和/或更小巧、更便宜的电池。
根据第一方面，本发明提供一种用于车辆的车辆动力传动***。该***包括差速器和主电机，差速器具有两个输出轴，所述输出轴能够与各自的车轮轴连接，所述主电机经由第一减速传动装置与所述差速器的驱动输入连接，所述第一减速传动装置连接至用于调整所述第一减速传动装置的齿轮比的第二电机；其中所述第二电机连接至离合器装置，所述离合器装置配置为选择性地锁定所述第一减速传动装置的齿轮比。
根据第二方面，本发明提供一种用于车辆的车辆动力传动***。该***包括差速器和主电机；差速器具有两个输出轴，所述输出轴能够与各自的车轮轴相连接；所述主电机经由第一减速传动装置与所述差速器的驱动输入连接；其中所述第一减速传动装置包括双离合器装置，所述双离合器装置配置为调整第一减速传动装置的齿轮比。
优选的实施方式由附加的从属权利要求来限定。
附图说明
图1示出了根据实施方式能够实现混合动力驱动和变速传动的车辆驱动***的示意图；
图2示出了根据实施方式能够实现混合动力驱动和变速传动的车辆驱动***的示意图；
图3示出了根据实施方式能够实现混合动力驱动和变速传动的车辆驱动***的示意图；
图4示出了根据实施方式能够实现混合动力驱动和变速传动的车辆驱动***的示意轮廓图；
图5示出根据一个实施例能够实现混合动力驱动和变速传动的车辆驱动***的示意图；
图6示出了根据实施方式的包括能够实现混合动力驱动和变速传动的车辆驱动***的车辆的示意图；
附图7示出了根据实施方式的包括能够实现混合动力驱动和变速传动的车辆驱动***的车辆的示意图；和
附图8示出了根据实施方式的包括能够实现混合动力驱动和变速传动的车辆驱动***的车辆的示意图。
具体实施方式
图1示出了用于车辆的车辆动力传动***。所述车辆动力传动***配置成用于车辆的前轴或后轴上，以便允许相关车轴进行选择性的混合动力驱动。因此，该车辆可以是前轮驱动车辆、后轮驱动车辆或全轮驱动车辆。例如，图1所示的***可以安装在前轮驱动车辆的后轴上，并且该***包括用于将驱动转矩分配到各个车轮轴(未示出)的差速器110。所述差速器110具有用于驱动车轮轴的两个输出轴111和112。
为了提供混合动力驱动，本发明提供一台主电机121。所述主电机121配置为向差速器110提供转矩，并因此提供输出轴111和112的电动驱动。
由于所述主电机121通常配置为提供高转速，所以通常优选地需要减速装置。
因此，所述车辆动力传动***还包括第二电机122。主电机121经由第一减速传动装置(first reduction gearing)130与第二电机122连接。所述第一减速传动装置130驱动地连接至驱动输入(drive input)117，即差速器100的差速器壳。优选地，主电机121和第二电机122中的每一个都经由第一减速传动装置130连接至所述差速器110。
进一步参考图1，第二电机122连接到离合器装置150，所述离合器装置150配置为选择性地锁定第一减速传动装置130的传动比。
所述离合器装置150包括锁止离合器151，所述锁止离合器151配置为选择性地锁定附接到第一第二电机轴113的离合器片(a disc)152，所述第一第二电机轴113连接至所述第二电机122.然而，在本说明书的语境下，还可能存在锁止离合器150的其他变型。
为提供占用空间较少的***，主电机121和第二电机122设置为彼此基本上同轴。这通过第一减速传动装置130是行星齿轮传动装置来实现，下面将进一步描述该行星齿轮传动装置。
仍然参考图1，主电机121经由主电机空心轴119连接到第一减速传动装置130，所述主电机空心轴119附接到第一减速传动装置130的第一齿轮133(例如，环形齿轮)。
如图1所示，第二电机122连接至第一减速传动装置130的第二减速齿轮131，在所描述的示例中，所述第一减速齿轮131是第一减速传动装置130的太阳齿轮。
优选地，所述太阳齿轮131通过附接到第二第二电机轴114而连接到第二电机122。
所述第一减速传动装置130经由行星齿轮架134提供来自主电机121的转矩，该行星齿轮架134延伸到第一减速传动轴115，所述第一减速传动轴115经由行星齿轮组132连接到环形齿轮134。
为获得占用空间较少的布置，主电机121和第二电机122基本上同轴布置，这是能够实现的，因为第一第二电机轴113和第二第二电机轴114相对于第一减速传动轴115是同轴的。
因此，通过启动第二电机122以旋转第一减速传动装置130的太阳齿轮131，可以实现连续的变速传动。由第二电机122提供的较高速度减少了第一减速传动装置130的速度下降，由此提供给差速器110的速度可以通过控制第二电机122来可变地调节。
第一减速传动装置130优选为经由第二减速传动装置140连接至差速器110。因此，传动比可以进一步变化。
为获得更紧凑的布置，所述第二减速传动装置140包括附接到第一减速传动轴115(即第一减速传动装置130的输出轴)的齿轮141。所述齿轮141与附接到第二减速传动轴116的另一齿轮142啮合，借此附加的齿轮143也附接到所述第二减速传动轴116。第二减速传动装置140通过与齿轮143啮合的齿轮144连接到差速器110，由此齿轮144附接到与差速器110连接的空心差速器轴117上。
图2示出一个示例，其中图1的实施方式还设置有第三电机123以实现动力分配功能。实现动力分配功能是通过允许独立控制第三电机123，并且一旦启动，第三电机123可补偿当第二电机122启动时第一电机121损失的转矩。
相应地，第三电机123配置为传递转矩至第二减速传动装置140(例如，经由第二减速传动装置140传递转矩至差速器110)。
如图2所示，第三电机123连接到第二减速传动装置140并由此连接到差速器110。因此，第三电机123配置为经由第一减速传动轴115将转矩传递至第一减速传动装置130和行星齿轮架134，第三电机123也能够将转矩传递至差速器110。
有利地，第三电机123与所述差速器同轴地布置。因而，可获得更紧凑的车辆动力传动***，这通过第三电机123经由空心的第三电机轴118连接至差速器110来实现。所述空心的第三电机轴118延伸到连接至差速器110的空心的差速器轴117中。因此，第二减速传动装置140的第一齿轮144附接到所述空心的第三电机轴118。
第二电机122的启动导致转矩“泄漏”出该动力传动***。因此，第三电机123配置为提供与第二电机122的启动相关联的转矩损失成比例的附加转矩，由此可以获得能效更高的***。
图3-5示出了本发明的另一方面。根据所述方面，主电机经由双离合器装置(而不是如上所述地采用额外的电机)连接到所述差速器。
图3-5示出了用于车辆的车辆动力传动***。所述车辆动力传动***配置为使用在车辆的前轴或后轴上，以便允许相关轴进行选择性的混合动力驱动。因此，该车辆可以是前轮驱动车辆、后轮驱动车辆或全轮驱动车辆。例如，图3-5所示的***可以安装在前轮驱动车辆的后轴上。该***包括差速器210,310,410，所述差速器具有用于驱动车辆前轮的两个输出轴211,311,411和211,311,411。
为了向输出轴211,311,411和212,312,412提供混合动力驱动，本发明提供了主电机121。所述主电机221,321,421配置成向差速器210,310,410提供驱动转矩，并由此提供输出轴211,311,411和212,312,412的电动驱动。
由于主电机通常需要以非常高的速度运转以获得最佳性能，因此通常需要减速装置。
如图3-5所示，所述车辆动力传动***包括主电机221,321,421，所述主电机221,321,421经由第一减速传动装置290,390,490连接到所述差速器210,310,410。
为了能够控制主电机221,321,421的速度并由此实现转矩从所述主电机221,321,421向所述差速器的安全分配，所述车辆动力传动***设置有双离合器装置260,360,460。
参照图3-5，第一减速传动装置290，390，490包括双离合器装置260，360，460，所述双离合器装置260,360,460配置为控制提供给所述差速器210,310,410的转矩。
所提供的转矩通过启动双离合器装置来控制，以便通过更改差速器和主电机之间的转矩路径来改变传动比。
相应地，双离合器装置260,360,460可以配置为按照以下模式中的任意一个模式来传递转矩：
1)第一模式，其中转矩以第一传动比传递；和
2)第二模式，其中转矩以第二传动比传递。
现在参照图3，车辆动力传动***还包括连接至双离合器装置260的附加的离合器装置280。为了允许主电机221进一步降低速度，所述附加的离合器装置280配置为选择性地按照第三传动比将转矩从主电机221传递至所述差速器210。
所述附加的离合器装置280经由第二减速传动装置250连接到差速器110，第二减速传动装置250也连接至第一减速传动装置290，因此，附加的离合器装置280配置为选择性地连接第二减速传动装置250和双离合器装置260。
如图3所示，主电机221经由减速传动装置230连接到双离合器装置260，因此主电机221与主电机轴213相连接，所述主电机轴213附接至所述减速传动装置230的齿轮213。所述减速传动装置230经由减速传动轴214连接至双离合器装置，所述减速传动轴214附接至所述离合器装置的齿轮265。
进一步参考图3中所示的双离合器装置260，所述齿轮265延伸到第一圆柱形壁266和第二圆柱形壁267中。所述第一圆柱形壁266附接到双离合器装置260的第一制动离合器261上，并且所述第二圆柱形壁267附接到双离合器装置260的第二制动离合器262上。
所述第一制动离合器261配置为选择性地将齿轮265锁定到附接至双离合器装置轴215的第一双离合器装置齿轮或离合器片263。所述双离合器装置轴215经由附加的减速传动装置250连接到所述差速器。
优选地，减速传动装置250的第一齿轮251附接到双离合器装置轴215。此外，所述减速传动装置250可以包括附接到空心轴219的最后齿轮(last gear)235，所述空心轴219与所述差速器210相连接。
为提供更紧凑的车辆动力传动***，所述空心轴219与所述差速器210的输出轴211大致同轴地布置。
所述第二制动离合器262配置为选择性地将齿轮或离合器片(disc)265锁定到第二双离合器装置齿轮或离合器片(disc)264，所述第二双离合器布置齿轮或离合器片264连接至先前讨论的第一减速传动装置290。
再次参照图3，第二双离合器装置齿轮264延伸到空心轴268内，所述空心轴268经由齿轮装置270连接到第一减速传动装置290，其中齿轮装置的第一齿轮271附接到空心轴268，所述第一齿轮271与第一减速传动装置290的齿轮291啮合。
先前提到的附加的离合器装置280允许实施进一步的减速阶段，这通过启动所述附加的离合器装置280以便选择性地将双离合器装置轴215连接到减速传动装置250。这可以通过包括致动套筒281的附加的离合器装置280来实现，所述致动套筒281可以被启动以便选择性地连接到附接至离合器装置轴218的离合器片282。所述离合器装置轴218还连接到第一减速传动装置250的第一齿轮251。因此，通过经由减速传动装置250选择性地传递转矩，可实现以紧凑的方式进一步实施多个减速步骤(即第三模式)。
如图3进一步所示，第一减速传动装置290包括与前述齿轮271啮合的第一齿轮，在先前讨论的第一模式和第二模式中，启动致动套筒以便使用所述离合器装置270的第二齿轮272来锁定双离合器装置轴215。所述第二齿轮272连接至第一减速传动装置，例如，通过与所述第一减速传动装置290的第二齿轮292啮合。
为了向所述差速器210提供转矩，所述减速传动装置290的第一齿轮291和第二齿轮292附接到第一减速传动轴216，由此所述第一减速传动轴216进一步附接至减速齿轮250的齿轮252，所述减速传动装置250连接到所述差速器210。
现在转到图4，主电机321经由主电机轴313连接到第一减速传动装置390和双离合器装置360。在该实施方式中，第一减速传动装置390是拉威挪(Ravigneaux)式行星齿轮组，这是一种众所周知的非常紧凑的行星齿轮传动装置，在单个齿轮架上具有两个太阳齿轮、两个环形齿轮和两组行星齿轮。
根据本实施方式，所述双离合器装置360配置为控制提供给拉威挪式行星齿轮组的第一太阳齿轮和第二太阳齿轮的转矩。
通过使用双离合器装置390的第一刹车离合器和第二刹车离合器来单独地制动拉威挪式行星齿轮传动装置的第一环形齿轮和第二环形齿轮，转矩可以按照三个传动比从电机传递到所述差速器310。相应地，可以实现前述的第一模式和第二模式以及附加的第三模式，其中所述双离合器装置360进一步配置为以第三传动比将转矩从主电机321传递至所述差速器310。因此，可以采用非常紧凑的方式实现几个减速模式。
进一步参考图4，第一减速传动装置390经由第二减速传动装置(a secondreduction gearing)350连接至所述差速器310。出于节省空间的目的，所述第二减速传动装置350可以包括与输出轴311大致同轴布置的空心轴357。
仍然参照图4，所述拉威挪行星齿轮传动装置(Ravigneaux planetary gearing)360通过双离合器装置390连接到第二减速传动装置350，所述第二减速传动装置350反过来又与所述差速器310相连接。所述行星齿轮传动装置360和双离合器装置390将转矩经由第一减速传动轴314传递至附接所述第二减速传动装置350的齿轮351的位置。所述齿轮351经由第二减速齿轮的齿轮352与空心轴357连接，所述第二减速齿轮附接至所述空心轴357。这促成了更紧凑的车辆动力传动***。
为了以紧凑的方式提供传动比的进一步减小，所述空心轴357可以通过附加的传动装置(优选行星齿轮传动装置)连接至所述差速器310。因此，太阳齿轮353附接到所述空心轴357，由此用于行星齿轮组354的行星齿轮架356延伸至空心轴319中，所述空心轴319将转矩传递到所述差速器310中，例如，所述空心轴319连接到所述差速器310。有利地，空心轴319类似于与输出轴311同轴的空心轴357。
现在转到图5，其中图5示出不同的实施方式。根据本实施方式，所述双离合器装置460配置为选择性地控制提供给第一减速传动装置490的第一齿轮492的转矩。
此外，所述离合器装置460设置在所述第一减速传动装置490的第二齿轮493和第一齿轮492之间，所述第一减速传动装置490的第二齿轮493连接至所述第一减速传动装置490的第一齿轮492。
为获得更紧凑的车辆动力传动***，所述第一减速传动装置490优选为行星齿轮传动装置，其中第一齿轮492是太阳齿轮，第二齿轮493是行星齿轮组。
参照图5，主电动机421经由主电机轴413连接到第一减速传动装置490，所述主电机轴413连接到第一减速传动装置190的环形齿轮491。
为了向所述差速器410提供转矩，第二齿轮493附接到由行星齿轮架形成的空心轴416，所述行星齿轮架附接至所述行星齿轮组493，借此所述空心轴416附接到双离合器装置460，从而提供转矩。而且，所述双离合器装置460可以配置为选择性地将所述空心轴416连接到附接至第一齿轮492(例如，太阳齿轮)的双离合器轴(415)。
再次参照图5，所述第一减速传动装置490经由第二减速传动装置450连接到所述差速器410，其中所述第二减速传动装置450包括与附接到空心轴416的空心轴齿轮417啮合的第一齿轮451。
出于节省空间的目的，第二减速传动装置450可以与输出轴411同轴布置。传动比的这个变动和进一步的变化可以通过空心轴452实现，所述空心轴452具有附接到其上的第二减速传动装置450的附加的齿轮453，其中，第二减速传动装置450的附加的齿轮453可以是行星齿轮传动装置中的太阳齿轮。所述行星齿轮传动装置还包括第二减速传动装置的行星齿轮组454，其中第二减速传动装置的行星齿轮架456附接到所述行星齿轮组。有利地，所述行星齿轮架456进入附加的空心轴419，所述附加的空心轴419连接到所述差速器410。为获得更紧凑的车辆动力传动***，所述附加的空心轴419可以与第一输出轴同轴布置。
如图5所示，所述双离合器装置460包括第一刹车离合器461和第二刹车离合器462。为实现上述第一模式和第二模式，第一刹车离合器461配置为选择性地将附接到双离合器轴415的第一双离合器片463锁定到所述空心轴416，而第二刹车离合器462配置成选择性地锁定第二双离合器片463，从而锁止太阳齿轮492的运动。由于双离合器装置460选择性地锁定齿轮492或向齿轮492提供转矩，本发明可以实现分别具有第一传动比和第二传动比的上述两个模式。
图6-8显示了根据本发明前述多个方面中任何一个方面的车辆动力传动***。
图6公开了一种车辆动力传动***，该***包括主电机，所述主电机利用任何一个前述实施方式的装置500连接至所述差速器510。从附图6可以得出，所述差速器510经由两个输出轴511,512连接到第一车轮508和第二车轮509。
图7-8公开了实施方式实施例，其中，附加的主电机501与根据任何一个前述实施方式的装置500一起使用。
图7中没有呈现差速器，而是为每个车轮轴511,512提供一个电机501和一个变速传动装置500。
参考图8，所述附加的主电机501和根据任何一个前述实施方式的装置500可以经由离合器520连接到所述差速器，这允许进一步控制提供给所述差速器510的转矩。
尽管说明书的上述内容已经参照具体实施方式描述了本发明，但本发明并不受限于说明书中阐述的具体形式。本发明仅受到随附权利要求书的限定。

Claims (8)

1.一种用于车辆的车辆动力传动***，所述***包括：
差速器(110)，所述差速器(110)具有两个输出轴(111，112)，所述输出轴(111，112)能够与各自的车轮轴连接；
主电机(121)，所述主电机(121)经由第一减速传动装置(130)与所述差速器(110)的驱动输入(117)连接，所述第一减速传动装置(130)连接至用于调整所述第一减速传动装置(130)的齿轮比的第二电机(122)；
其中，所述第二电机(122)连接至离合器装置(150)，所述离合器装置(150)配置为选择性地锁定所述第一减速传动装置(130)的齿轮比；
其中，所述第一减速传动装置(130)为行星齿轮传动装置，所述主电机(121)经由主电机空心轴(119)连接至所述第一减速传动装置(130)，所述主电机空心轴(119)附接至所述第一减速传动装置(130)的第一齿轮(133)；
其中，所述第一减速传动装置(130)的所述第一齿轮(133)是环形齿轮，所述第二电机(122)连接至所述第一减速传动装置(130)的太阳齿轮(131)。
2.根据权利要求1所述的车辆动力传动***，其中，所述主电机(121)和所述第二电机(122)彼此基本上同轴设置。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的车辆动力传动***，其中，所述第一减速传动装置(130)经由第二固定减速传动装置(140)连接至所述差速器(110)。
4.根据权利要求3所述的车辆动力传动***，所述车辆动力传动***进一步包括第三电机(123)，所述第三电机(123)配置为向所述差速器(110)传递转矩。
5.根据权利要求4所述的车辆动力传动***，其中，所述第三电机(123)配置为提供转矩，该转矩与所述第二电机(122)的启动相关的损失转矩成比例。
6.根据权利要求4或5所述的车辆动力传动***，其中，所述第三电机(123)与所述差速器(110)同轴设置。
7.根据权利要求4-6中任意一项所述的车辆动力传动***，其中，所述第三电机(123)经由空心的第三电机轴(118)连接至所述差速器(110)，其中所述第二固定减速传动装置(140)的第一齿轮(144)附接至所述空心的第三电机轴(118)。
8.根据前述权利要求中任意一项所述的车辆动力传动***，所述车辆动力传动***包括附加的主电机(121)，所述附加的主电机(121)按照与原始的主电机(121)相同的方式连接至所述差速器(110)。
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