CN108289689A - 脊柱关节植入物输送装置和*** - Google Patents

脊柱关节植入物输送装置和*** Download PDF

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Publication number
CN108289689A
CN108289689A CN201680068747.8A CN201680068747A CN108289689A CN 108289689 A CN108289689 A CN 108289689A CN 201680068747 A CN201680068747 A CN 201680068747A CN 108289689 A CN108289689 A CN 108289689A
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CN
China
Prior art keywords
fixing component
guiding elements
anchor shank
drive member
conveying device
Prior art date
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Pending
Application number
CN201680068747.8A
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English (en)
Inventor
克里斯托弗·U·法纳
希格鲁·坦埃克
爱德华·莱奥乌
杰弗里·D·史密斯
斯科特·施耐德
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Providence Medical Technology Inc
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Providence Medical Technology Inc
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Publication date
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Publication of CN108289689A publication Critical patent/CN108289689A/zh
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    • A61FFILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
    • A61F2/00Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
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    • A61F2/46Special tools or methods for implanting or extracting artificial joints, accessories, bone grafts or substitutes, or particular adaptations therefor
    • A61F2/4603Special tools or methods for implanting or extracting artificial joints, accessories, bone grafts or substitutes, or particular adaptations therefor for insertion or extraction of endoprosthetic joints or of accessories thereof
    • A61F2002/4625Special tools or methods for implanting or extracting artificial joints, accessories, bone grafts or substitutes, or particular adaptations therefor for insertion or extraction of endoprosthetic joints or of accessories thereof with relative movement between parts of the instrument during use
    • A61F2002/4627Special tools or methods for implanting or extracting artificial joints, accessories, bone grafts or substitutes, or particular adaptations therefor for insertion or extraction of endoprosthetic joints or of accessories thereof with relative movement between parts of the instrument during use with linear motion along or rotating motion about the instrument axis or the implantation direction, e.g. telescopic, along a guiding rod, screwing inside the instrument
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    • A61FFILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
    • A61F2/00Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
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    • A61F2/46Special tools or methods for implanting or extracting artificial joints, accessories, bone grafts or substitutes, or particular adaptations therefor
    • A61F2/4603Special tools or methods for implanting or extracting artificial joints, accessories, bone grafts or substitutes, or particular adaptations therefor for insertion or extraction of endoprosthetic joints or of accessories thereof
    • A61F2002/4629Special tools or methods for implanting or extracting artificial joints, accessories, bone grafts or substitutes, or particular adaptations therefor for insertion or extraction of endoprosthetic joints or of accessories thereof connected to the endoprosthesis or implant via a threaded connection
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61FFILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
    • A61F2/00Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
    • A61F2/02Prostheses implantable into the body
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    • A61F2/46Special tools or methods for implanting or extracting artificial joints, accessories, bone grafts or substitutes, or particular adaptations therefor
    • A61F2002/4677Special tools or methods for implanting or extracting artificial joints, accessories, bone grafts or substitutes, or particular adaptations therefor using a guide wire
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
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    • A61F2/00Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
    • A61F2/02Prostheses implantable into the body
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Abstract

本发明提供了装置、***、仪器和方法,用于经由前路手术进入颈椎,并且在颈椎的两个椎骨之间在椎间盘或椎间关节空隙中植入脊柱固定构件,诸如在ACDF手术中。输送装置包括能够锚固到所述脊柱固定构件上的远端。一旦锚固到所述脊柱固定构件上,所述输送装置可操作以便在颈椎间盘关节空隙内推进和附接所述脊柱固定构件。

Description

脊柱关节植入物输送装置和***
相关申请的交叉参考
本申请要求2015年10月13日提交的、名称为“脊柱关节植入物输送装置”的美国专利申请No.62/240,754的优先权,并且要求2016年6月17日提交的、名称为“脊柱关节植入物输送装置”的美国专利申请No.62/351,795的优先权,上述申请中的每一件都以引用的方式并入本文中。
技术领域
本发明一般地涉及医疗装置和方法,并且更具体地涉及与使用脊柱关节植入物输送装置有关的装置和方法。
背景技术
慢性颈部和背部问题造成如今大部分人口疼痛和残疾。不利的脊柱状况可能是变老的特征。特别地,椎管狭窄和小关节病可能随着年龄而增加。椎管狭窄导致椎间孔面积减小,这可能会使颈神经根受压并引起神经根疼痛。与颈部前屈不同的是,颈部伸展和同侧旋转可以进一步减小椎间孔面积,并且造成疼痛、神经根受压以及其它神经损伤。
颈椎间盘突出可能是椎管狭窄的一种因素,并且可能主要呈现上肢神经根症状。在这种情况下,治疗可以采取闭合牵引的形式。可以获得多个闭合牵引装置,所述牵引装置通过戴在头部以增加椎间孔高度来缓解疼痛。也可以使用前路手术或者后路手术来治疗颈椎间盘突出,以移除突出的椎间盘并且代之以植入物、骨移植物或者它们的组合,以支撑、固定和促进颈椎融合。
具有用于经由前路手术进行颈椎融合术的装置、***和方法将是有利的。理想地,这样的装置、***和方法将允许微创性或者较小侵入性的进入和固定,以及帮助确保固定装置的正确放置。这些目的中的至少一些将通过本文中所描述的实施例来满足。
发明内容
本文所描述的各种实施方式提供了装置、***和方法,用于经由前路手术进入颈椎并且在颈椎的两个椎骨之间在椎间盘或椎间关节空隙中植入脊柱固定构件。下面描述的实施方式大体包括输送装置,可以穿过或者沿着所述输送装置推进一个或者多个脊柱固定装置和工具。本文中所描述的输送装置大体包括能够锚固在脊柱固定构件上的远端。一旦锚固到所述脊柱固定构件上,输送装置就可操作以便在颈椎间盘关节空隙内推进和附接所述脊柱固定构件。
在一个方面,提供了一种用于将固定构件引导到脊柱的输送装置。所述输送装置可以包括锚柄和引导构件,所述锚柄具有远端部分和从所述远端部分延伸的近端部分,所述远端部分是带键的或者带螺纹的以便锚固到所述固定构件上,所述引导构件可操作地与所述锚柄相关联。
在一些实施方式中,引导构件与锚柄滑动地耦接。引导构件可以是与锚柄滑动耦接的双空心构件或者单空心构件。在一些方面中,所述锚柄是空心管或者实心杆。所述输送装置可以进一步包括可操作地连接到所述锚柄的螺钉导向件。所述螺钉导向件可以单件地形成或者与所述引导构件一体地形成。所述螺钉导向件可以包括一个或者多个一体形成的或者可移除的倾斜管腔,以设定用于骨螺钉的轨道。在一些方面中,所述引导构件是毗邻所述锚柄延伸并且构造成锚固到所述固定构件上的导丝。所述引导构件可以在其中限定至少一条钻孔/驱动路径。
在另一个方面,提供了一种用于将固定构件引导并且紧固到脊柱上的***。该***可以包括椎间植入物输送装置,所述椎间植入物输送装置包括:锚柄,其具有远端部分和从所述远端部分延伸的近端部分,所述远端部分被可释放地附接,从而锚固到所述固定构件上;以及引导构件,其可操作地连接到所述锚柄上。所述***可以进一步包括钻孔构件或者驱动构件,所述钻孔构件或者驱动构件具有第一端并且毗邻所述锚柄与所述引导构件可滑动地耦接。
在一些实施方式中,所述引导构件是单空心构件或者双空心构件,其可滑动地与所述锚柄以及所述钻孔构件或者驱动构件耦接。所述钻孔构件或者驱动构件可与所述引导构件可释放地耦接。在一些方面,所述锚柄是空心管,并且,所述***进一步包括可滑动地容纳在所述空心锚柄内的导丝。所述导丝是可操作的,以便将空心螺钉引导并定位在所述固定构件上。
在一些方面中,所述钻孔构件或者驱动构件是空心的,以便在其内接纳轴,从而预先设定所述钻孔构件或者驱动构件的第一端的角度,用于将骨螺钉***到所述固定构件中。所述钻孔构件或者驱动构件的第一端包括联接器,所述联接器允许所述钻孔构件或者驱动构件旋转并且以期望角度与骨螺钉铰接。所述联接器选自于由万向节、盘簧或者释放切管部分(relief cut tube portion)构成的组。
在另一方面,提供了一种植入脊柱固定植入物的方法。所述方法可以包括将输送装置推进到两个相邻椎骨之间的关节中。所述输送装置包括可释放地附接到其远端的固定构件。所述方法进一步包括毗邻所述输送装置推进钻孔构件或者驱动构件,以及将所述固定构件附接到所述两个相邻椎骨的至少一个上。
在一些实施方式中,所述方法进一步包括将可释放地附接到所述钻孔构件或者驱动构件上的骨螺钉以期望的角度引导到所述固定构件中。
在一些方面中,公开了一种用于在外科手术(诸如ACDF手术)中将固定构件引导至脊柱中的颈椎间盘关节空隙的仪器。所述仪器包括输送装置。所述输送装置包括:锚柄,所述锚柄包括限定纵向轴线的中心管腔、远端部分、以及从所述远端部分延伸的近端部分;以及引导构件,所述引导构件可操作地与所述锚柄相关联,所述引导构件限定与所述中心管腔同轴的第一管腔、偏离所述第一管腔的两个倾斜管腔、以及至少一个固定构件接合结构。所述仪器进一步包括具有至少一个螺纹开口和至少一个引导构件接合结构的固定构件,使得当所述引导构件接合结构接纳所述固定构件接合结构时,所述接合阻碍所述固定构件相对于所述引导构件的旋转。
在一些方面中,所述仪器,更具体地,所述输送装置,进一步包括具有至少一个螺纹端部的杆构件,所述至少一个螺纹端部至少部分地延伸穿过所述锚柄的中心管腔,从而可释放地接合所述固定构件的螺纹开口。
在一些方面中,所述仪器,更具体地,所述输送装置,进一步包括手柄,所述手柄可操作地耦接到所述锚柄的近端部分并且可旋转地耦接到所述杆,其中,所述杆的旋转可释放地将所述杆与所述固定构件接合在一起。
在多个方面中,所述至少一个固定构件接合结构包括至少一个槽,优选两个槽。在一些方面中,所述第一倾斜管腔限定了相对于所述纵向轴线成角度的第一轨道,并且所述第二倾斜管腔限定了相对于所述纵向轴线成角度的第二轨道。所述第一轨道可以不同于所述第二轨道。
在一个方面中,所述固定构件进一步包括偏离所述至少一个螺纹开口的两个倾斜螺纹孔,当所述引导构件和所述固定构件接合时,所述两个倾斜螺纹孔与所述引导构件的相应倾斜管腔共同延伸或者同轴。
在一些方面中,当所述引导构件和所述固定构件接合时,所述固定构件的开口与所述锚柄的中心管腔共同延伸或者同轴。在多个方面中,所述引导构件的表面和所述固定构件的表面彼此紧靠。在多个方面中,所述引导构件与所述锚柄可滑动地耦接。
在一个方面中,公开了一种用于在外科手术(诸如ACDF手术)中将固定构件引导并紧固至脊柱中的颈椎间盘关节空隙的***。所述***包括固定构件输送装置。所述输送装置包括:锚柄,所述锚柄包括限定纵向轴线的中心管腔、远端部分、以及从所述远端部分延伸的近端部分;以及引导构件,所述引导构件可操作地与所述锚柄相关联,所述引导构件限定与所述中心管腔同轴的第一管腔、偏离所述第一管腔的两个倾斜管腔、以及至少一个固定构件接合结构。在一些方面中,所述***进一步包括具有至少一个螺纹开口和至少一个引导构件接合结构的固定构件,使得当所述引导构件接合结构接纳所述固定构件接合结构时,所述接合阻碍所述固定构件相对于所述引导构件的旋转。在一些方面中,所述***还可以包括具有第一端的驱动构件,所述第一端毗邻所述锚柄与所述引导构件可操作地关联。
在所述***的一些方面中,所述输送装置进一步包括具有至少一个螺纹端的杆构件,所述至少一个螺纹端至少部分地延伸穿过所述锚柄的中心管腔,从而可释放地接合所述固定构件的螺纹开口。
在所述***的一些方面中,所述装置进一步包括手柄,所述手柄可操作地耦接到所述锚柄的近端部分并且可旋转地耦接到所述杆,其中,所述杆的旋转可释放地将所述杆与所述固定构件接合在一起。
在所述***的一些方面中,所述固定构件进一步包括偏离所述至少一个螺纹开口的两个倾斜螺纹孔,当所述引导构件和所述固定构件接合时,所述两个倾斜螺纹孔与所述引导构件的相应的倾斜管腔共同延伸或者同轴。第一轨道可以将第一紧固件引导到上椎骨表面,并且第二轨道将第二紧固件引导到下椎骨表面。
在一些方面中,所述***进一步包括至少一个紧固件,所述至少一个紧固件容纳在所述固定构件的两个倾斜螺纹孔的其中一个中,以便将所述固定构件紧固到椎骨表面上。在一些方面中,所述紧固件是防退螺钉或者自锁螺钉,所述螺钉的头部具有过盈配合螺纹。
在一些方面中,所述驱动构件的第一端包括联接器,所述联接器允许所述驱动构件旋转和/或以期望角度与紧固件铰接,以便在最小组织回缩的情况下将所述紧固件以期望角度展开。
在一些方面中,所述联接器选自于由万向节、盘簧或者释放切口管部构成的组。
公开了一种植入脊柱固定植入物的方法。在一些方面中,所述方法包括在ACDF手术中将输送仪器推进到两块相邻椎骨之间的椎间盘关节空隙中。所述输送仪器包括:锚柄,所述锚柄包括限定纵向轴线的中心管腔、远端部分、以及从所述远端部分延伸的近端部分;引导构件,所述引导构件可操作地与所述锚柄相关联,所述引导构件限定与所述中心管腔同轴的第一管腔、偏离所述第一管腔的两个倾斜管腔、以及至少一个固定构件接合结构;以及固定构件,所述固定构件具有至少一个螺纹开口和至少一个引导构件接合结构,使得当所述引导构件接合结构接纳所述固定构件接合结构时,所述接合阻碍所述固定构件相对于所述引导构件的旋转。
在一些方面中,所述方法进一步包括毗邻所述输送仪器推进钻孔/驱动构件,所述钻孔/驱动构件具有可释放地附接到所述钻孔/驱动构件的第一端上的紧固件。在一些方面中,推进所述紧固件通过所述引导构件的两个倾斜管腔的其中一个,以便将所述固定构件附接到两个相邻椎骨的至少一个上。在一些方面中,所述钻孔/驱动构件的第一端包括联接器,所述联接器允许所述钻孔/驱动构件旋转和/或以期望角度与紧固件铰接,从而在最小组织回缩的情况下将所述紧固件以期望角度展开。在一些方面中,所述联接器选自于由万向节、盘簧或者释放切管部分构成的组。在一些方面中,所述紧固件是防退螺钉或者自锁螺钉,所述螺钉的头部具有过盈配合螺纹。
在下面的描述中部分地阐述了附加的实施方式和特征,并且本领域技术人员在研究本说明书后,附加的实施方式和特征对于他们而言将变得显而易见,或者可以通过实施所公开的主题来了解附加的实施方式和特征。对本公开的本质和优点的进一步理解可以通过参考形成本公开一部分的说明书的其余部分以及附图而实现。本领域技术人员将理解,本公开的各个方面和特征的每一个在有些情况下可以有利地单独使用,或者在其它情况下可以与本公开的其它方面和特征组合使用。
附图说明
以下附图并入本说明书中并且构成本说明书的一部分,这些附图显示了本公开的实施方式,并且与上面一般性描述以及下面详细描述一起,用于解释这些实施方式的原理。
图1是根据本公开的实施方式的输送装置的透视图。
图2是根据本公开的实施方式的、相对于颈椎的椎骨定位的图1输送装置的透视图。
图3是根据本公开的实施方式的附加输送装置的透视图。
图4是根据本公开的实施方式的、显示出具有连接到其上的钻孔构件或者驱动构件的图3输送装置的透视图。
图5是根据本公开的实施方式的附加输送装置的透视图。
图6是根据本公开的实施方式的、显示出具有连接到其上的钻孔构件或者驱动构件的图5的输送装置的透视图。
图7是根据本公开的实施方式的、移除了所述装置的某些部分的图5输送装置的透视图。
图8是根据本公开的实施方式的附加输送装置的透视图。
图9是根据本公开的实施方式的、显示出具有连接到其上的钻孔构件或者驱动构件的图8输送装置的透视图。
图10A是根据本公开的实施方式的图9输送装置的透视图。
图10B是根据本公开的实施方式的、显示出具有连接到其上的螺钉导向件的图10A输送装置的侧视图。
图10C是根据本公开的实施方式的图10B输送装置的横截面图。
图11是根据本公开的实施方式的附加输送装置的透视图。
图12是根据本公开的实施方式的、显示出具有连接到其上的钻孔构件或者驱动构件的图11输送装置的透视图。
图13是根据本公开的实施方式的、显示出具有连接到其上的导丝的图11输送装置的透视图。
图14是根据本公开的实施方式的、移除了输送装置的某些部分的图13输送装置的透视图。
图15是根据本公开的实施方式的附接到两个相邻椎骨的固定构件的透视图。
图16是根据本公开的实施方式的、显示出具有附加背板的图14输送装置的透视图。
图17是根据本公开的实施方式的附接到两个相邻椎骨的固定构件的透视图。
图18是根据本公开的实施方式的、显示出具有附加背板的图14输送装置的透视图。
图19是根据本公开的实施方式的附接到两个相邻椎骨的固定构件的透视图。
图20是根据本公开的实施方式的附加输送装置的透视图。
图21是根据本公开的实施方式的图20输送装置的透视图。
图22是根据本公开的实施方式的图20输送装置的透视图。
图23是根据本公开的实施方式的骨螺钉的侧视图。
图24是根据本公开的实施方式的图23骨螺钉的尖端的局部放大图。
图25是根据本公开的实施方式的图23骨螺钉的螺钉头的局部放大图。
图26是根据本公开的实施方式的图23骨螺钉的局部横截面图。
图27是根据本公开的实施方式的、具有***其中的骨螺钉的固定构件的主视图。
图28是根据本公开的实施方式的图27固定构件的透视图。
图29是根据本公开的实施方式的钻孔构件或者驱动构件的第一端的侧视图。
图30是根据本公开的实施方式的附加钻孔构件或者驱动构件的第一端的侧视图。
图31是根据本公开的实施方式的附加钻孔构件或者驱动构件的第一端的侧视图。
图32是根据本公开的实施方式的附加钻孔构件或者驱动构件的第一端的侧视图。
图33是根据本公开的实施方式的输送装置和固定构件的透视图。
图34是图33输送装置和固定构件的侧视图。
图35是图33输送装置和固定构件的俯视图。
图36是显示了内杆或者细长构件的图35的俯视图,所述内杆或者细长构件将手柄连接至固定构件。
图37A是图33的透视图,示出了与输送装置分离的固定构件。
图37B、图37C和图37D分别示出了图37A固定构件的透视图、俯视图和横截面图。
图37E、图37F和图37G分别示出了螺钉导向件的等轴视图和两个横截面图。
图38是图33的透视图,其中还示出了骨螺钉和驱动构件。
图39描绘了图38所示的进入输送装置的螺钉导向件的骨螺钉。
图40是图39的侧视图。
图41是图40的关于线1-1的横截面图。
图42是图41的放大视图,其中骨螺钉已经推进到固定构件中。
图43是图42的视图,其中骨螺钉已经更远地推进到固定构件中。
图44和图45示出了图43中所示的骨螺钉的展开状态。
图46是图45的驱动器和螺钉导向件的放大视图。
具体实施方式
突出的椎间盘或者退变性椎间盘可能引起疼痛、刺痛、麻木和/或虚弱。可以通过经由喉部区域在脊柱前部的切口来移除这样的椎间盘(也称为前路手术),以缓解脊髓或者神经根压力。在移除椎间盘之后,***骨移植物,以便将位于椎间盘空隙上方和下方的骨头融合在一起。该手术通常称为前路颈椎间盘切除融合术(ACDF)。
本文描述的各个实施方式提供了装置、***和方法,所述装置、***和方法用于经由前路手术进入颈椎,并且在移除突出的椎间盘或者退变性椎间盘之后在两个相邻椎骨之间植入脊柱固定构件(例如,支架、间隔物、移植物、植入物,等等)。所述装置、***和仪器可以是单次使用的和/或一次性的或者包括单次使用和/或一次性部件。所述实施方式考虑到使用微创技术或者更小侵入性技术的前路手术。下面描述的实施方式通常包括输送装置,可以通过或者沿着所述输送装置来推进一个或者多个固定装置。
根据本公开,外科医生可以经由微创技术或者更小侵入性切口将所述输送装置从患者体外推进到椎间盘空隙中,然后可以借助位于患者体外的手柄或者近端来保持所述输送装置。所述输送装置能够用于在进行或者不进行直接观察的情况下通过经皮方法来推进钻头、锥子、板、杆和/或螺钉。
本文中所描述的装置、***和方法中的一些可以包括以下组件,可以使用以下组件实施,或者可以类似于以下组件,所述组件是购自普罗维登斯医疗技术公司(ProvidenceMedical Technology,Inc.)(www.providencemt.com)的脊柱***(Spinal System)的一个或者多个组件。可以根据各个实施方式来改进或者调整脊柱***的各个部件,用于如本文中所描述的用途。
参照图1和图2,根据本公开的一个实施方式的引导工具或者输送装置100可以包括细长锚柄102,所述细长锚柄102具有远端部分104以及从所述远端部分104延伸的近端部分106。所述锚柄102通常可以足够长,以便从所述远端部分104延伸到患者体外的一个位置,在该位置处,所述锚柄102的至少一部分(例如,所述近端部分106)可以由外科医生握持和操纵。远端部分104和近端部分106可以是附着在一起的两个部件,或者,在一些实施方式中,可以在一起整体地或者一体地形成为单个部件。锚柄102,其可以是实心杆或者实心轴或者空心管,可以改变锚柄102的尺寸和形状,以便将锚柄102可释放地锚固到固定构件108上(例如,CAVUXTM颈椎支架-L(Cervical Cage-L),购自普罗维登斯医疗技术公司)。例如,锚柄102的远端部分104可以是带键的或者可以包括螺纹等,以便将锚柄102可释放地保持在固定构件108上。在一些实施方式中,固定构件108可以对称地连接到锚柄102上,因此可以不考虑患者或者固定构件108的位置来定位输送装置100。
在下面所描述的实施方式中,锚柄102可以用作主要入口和/或锚固件,用于在螺钉输送***110中引入后续器械。例如,如图11至图13的实施方式中所示出的,锚柄102可以是中空的并且包括中心管腔或者孔112,可以推进一个或者多个固定装置和/或引导机构通过所述中心管腔或者孔112,如下面更加全面描述的。附加地或者替换地,在一些实施方式中,可以越过锚柄102或者围绕锚柄102推进一个或者多个固定装置和/或引导机构。尽管示出为具有圆形横截面,锚柄102可以具有基本上任意的横截面形状,包括但不限于正方形、椭圆形或者三角形,等等。此外,锚柄102可以是柔性的或者是刚形的,这取决于所述输送装置100的期望特性。
参考图1、图2、图27和图28,可以改变固定构件108的尺寸和形状,以便紧密配合(例如,摩擦配合)在位于两块相邻椎骨之间的椎间盘关节空隙中的相邻椎骨中,或者以其他方式与位于两块相邻椎骨之间的椎间盘关节空隙中的相邻椎骨接合或者紧靠(见图2)。如本文中所描述的,固定构件108可操作以便固定地接合颈椎的两块相邻椎骨(见图2),从而将两块相邻的椎骨融合在一起(例如,图2中所示的C5和C6)。如图27和图28最好地示出的,固定构件108包括主体114,主体114由相对的上表面116和下表面118、相对的前表面120和后表面130、以及相对的侧表面132所限定。所述固定构件108的形状可以大体呈长方体,并且可以包括接合结构以便将所述固定构件108固定地保持在椎间盘关节空隙内。例如,上表面116和下表面118可以包括多个定向突起134,所述多个定向突起134允许固定构件108***到椎间盘空隙中,而且还限制固定构件108的移除。例如,突起134可以成形为在横截面上类似于锯齿波形(见图28),突起134的竖直段136面向前表面120。如图28最好地示出的,突起134可以水平地间隔开(例如,呈均匀的行),并且可以基本上在主体114的相对的侧表面132之间延伸。为了减小重量并且提供用于骨桥接的横截面面积,固定构件108可以包括限定在固定构件108的表面(例如,相对的上表面116和下表面118以及相对的侧表面132)中的多个空腔138。在一些实施方式中,空腔138可以互连,使得主体114可以被认为是中空的。所述固定构件可以由以下材料制成:骨或者骨替代材料或者生物相容性金属、陶瓷、聚合物,或者它们的一些组合。实例包括金属,诸如钛、不锈钢、钴铬、铬-钼(chro-moly),以及聚合物,诸如聚碳酸酯、PEI、UHMW PE、ABS、PEEK,等等。
继续参考图1、图2、图27和图28,固定构件108可以包括紧固结构,以便将固定构件108固定地紧固在椎间关节或者椎间盘关节中。例如,多个紧固孔140(例如,两个紧固孔140)可以至少形成在固定构件108的前表面120中。如在图27和图28的实施方式中所显示的,可以改变紧固孔140的尺寸,以便在其中容纳相应的骨螺钉142(例如,ALLYTM骨螺钉-L,购自普罗维登斯医疗技术公司)。在一些实施方式中,可以改变紧固孔140的尺寸,使得骨螺钉142的螺钉头144完全定位于紧固孔140内或者至多与固定构件108的前表面120齐平。此外,所述紧固孔140可以成一定角度,因此所述骨螺钉142延伸穿过所述固定构件108的相对的上表面116和下表面118以接合颈椎。在一些实施方式中,紧固孔140中的至少一个可以成一定角度,使得***其中的骨螺钉142向上延伸以接合上椎骨。在这些实施方式中,其它紧固孔140中的至少一个可以成一定角度,使得***其中的骨螺钉142向下延伸以接合下椎骨。在上述实施方式的每一个中,骨螺钉142可以延伸穿过在主体114的上表面116和下表面118中限定的空腔138。如图27和图28所见,固定构件108包括限定在前表面120中(例如,在前表面120的中心部分148中)的锚固空腔146,以便将固定构件108紧固在锚柄102上。在这些实施方式中,输送装置100将固定构件108引导至脊柱,并且固定构件108的后表面130首先伸入椎间盘空隙中。如图所示,锚固空腔146可以带有螺纹以容纳锚柄102的相应的螺纹。骨螺钉可以由以下材料制成:金属,诸如钛、不锈钢、钴铬、铬-钼,或者聚合物,诸如聚碳酸酯、PEI、UHMW PE、ABS、PEEK,等等。
参考图3和图4,输送装置100可以包括可操作地与锚柄102相关联的引导构件150,以便关于锚柄102和/或固定构件108引导脊柱器械的其它工具。为了便于在手术过程中使用,引导构件150可以与锚柄102可滑动地耦接并且可以围绕锚柄102旋转,以便相对于锚柄102将引导构件150定位在基本上任何位置。在图3和图4的实施方式中,引导构件150包括第一部分160和第二部分162,第一部分160与锚柄102连接并且定位于锚柄102和第二部分162之间。第一部分160和第二部分162中的每一个可以是空心的,以分别包括第一管腔164和第二管腔166。如图所示,改变第一管腔164的尺寸以便可旋转地和可滑动地抵靠在锚柄102上。第二管腔166可以称为钻孔路径,其直径大于第一管腔164并且可以横向地偏离第一管腔164。在一些实施方式中,第二管腔166可以是椭圆形的,以允许***其中的脊柱器械工具在限定的运动范围内在第二管腔166内竖直地移动。例如,第二管腔166可以基本上围绕脊柱器械工具(例如,钻头),并且可以改变第二管腔166的尺寸和形状以限制所述工具以下平面中的移动,所述平面偏离由锚柄102限定的竖直平面并且平行于所述平面延伸。
继续参考图3和图4,在一些实施方式中,输送装置100可以包括与锚柄102可操作地连接的螺钉导向件168,以引导骨螺钉142***固定构件108中。在一个实施方式中,螺钉导向件168是空心的,并且可以将螺钉导向件168放置在锚柄102上,并朝着锚柄102的远端部分104引导它,以及引导成与固定构件108毗邻。螺钉导向件168可以包括一个或者多个倾斜管腔170,以限定用于***骨螺钉的轨道。在各个实施方式中,螺钉导向件168的倾斜管腔170可以形成为螺钉导向件的一部分或者可以是可移除的。例如,当螺钉导向件168毗邻固定构件108定位(即“对接”)时,倾斜管腔170可以与固定构件108的至少一个紧固孔140是同心的。一旦与固定构件108对接,螺钉导向件168的倾斜管腔170引导骨螺钉142与固定构件108合适地对准。在一些实施方式中,倾斜管腔170可以偏离螺钉导向件168的空心部分,并且可以位于由第二管腔166限定的平面内。
如图4所示,在示例性实施方式中,螺钉输送***110可以包括钻孔构件或者驱动构件172,从而不仅朝着固定构件108推进骨螺钉142,而且驱动骨螺钉142进入固定构件108中并且进入相邻椎骨中。钻孔构件或者驱动构件172可以是细长轴,并且可以包括第一端174以及从第一端174延伸的第二端176。如同锚柄102,钻孔构件或者驱动构件172可以是实心轴或者空心管(见图6),并且通常可以足够长以便从第一端174延伸到患者体外的一个位置,在该位置处,钻孔构件或者驱动构件172的至少一部分(例如,第二端176)能够由外科医生握持和操纵。在一些实施方式中,钻孔构件或者驱动构件172可以毗邻锚柄102与引导构件150可滑动地耦接(例如,穿过钻孔路径或者第二管腔166)。在这些实施方式中,第二管腔166的偏离特性可以将钻孔构件或者驱动构件172定位成与螺钉导向件168的偏离倾斜管腔170基本对齐。在一些实施方式中,可以改变钻孔路径或者第二管腔166的尺寸,因此钻孔构件或者驱动构件172能够铰接至期望的成角度路径,以便将骨螺钉142驱动就位。一旦骨螺钉142被钻孔构件或者驱动构件172驱动到固定构件108的紧固孔140的其中一个内,螺钉导向件168、引导构件150和/或钻孔构件或者驱动构件172就可以围绕锚柄102旋转(例如,围绕锚柄102旋转180度),以重复所述过程,用于后续将骨螺钉***固定构件108的其它紧固孔140(如果有的话)中。
参考例如图4和图29至图32,钻孔构件或者驱动构件172可以是可操作的,从而可释放地夹紧骨螺钉142,直到骨螺钉142被驱动到椎间盘关节空隙内的合适位置。例如,第一端174可以包括用于与骨螺钉142的螺钉头144(见图26)进行相应的驱动接合的钻头178,第一端174可以通过摩擦配合、干涉配合、临时附接装置或者其他临时紧固机构可释放地保持骨螺钉142。在一些实施方式中,第一端174可以相对于第二端176伸缩、弯曲,或者铰接,以允许骨螺钉142在螺钉导向件168和固定构件108内适当地对准。例如,第一端174可以包括联接器180,所述联接器180允许钻孔构件或者驱动构件172旋转并且以特定角度与骨螺钉142铰接。在一些实施方式中,所述特定角度从共线到锚柄102处于30度和70度之间。作为一个例子,联接器180可以采用万向接头190的形式,所述万向接头190允许钻孔构件或者驱动构件172的第一端174相对于第二端176的偏移旋转(见图29)。在其它例子中,联接器180可以是可弹性变形的盘簧192,其能够将扭矩以期望的角度轨迹传递给骨螺钉142(见图30)。作为又一个例子,联接器180可以是激光切管部分194,其弹性变形至期望的角度轨迹(见图31和图32)。尽管图29至图32中示出了三个示例性实施方式,但是联接器180可以包括其它可变形机构,包括但不限于上述三个例子的任何组合(参见例如图32,其示出了盘簧192和激光切管部分194)。
现在参考图5至图7,在另一实施方式中,引导构件150可以采取一个或者多个导丝196的形式,所述一个或者多个导丝196毗邻并且平行于锚柄102延伸。在这些实施方式中,每个导丝196都可以对接或者锚固到固定构件108上(例如,通过螺纹接合),从而设定用于***骨螺钉的轨道。如图所示,每个导丝196都可以锚固在固定构件108的一个或者多个紧固孔140内,但是也可以考虑其它锚固位置。如图6所示,空心骨螺钉142和钻孔构件172定位在导丝196的其中一个上,并且被朝向固定构件108的相应的紧固孔140推进。一旦空心骨螺钉142与固定构件108对接,就移除导丝196,并且骨螺钉142被钻孔构件或者驱动构件17扭转到位。万一骨螺钉142和钻孔构件或者驱动构件172脱离开,则可以使用导丝196将骨螺钉142重新定位在钻孔构件或者驱动构件172上。
现在参考图8至图10C,在一个实施方式中,引导构件150可以是单空心的(未示出)或者双空心的,并且包括长度L,该长度L足以预先设定钻孔构件或者驱动构件172和骨螺钉142的轨道。例如,引导构件150可以包括第一套管198和平行于第一套管198延伸的第二套管200,第一套管198和第二套管200中的每一个都是部分封闭或者完全封闭的。在一些实施方式中,改变第一套管198和第二套管200的尺寸和形状,以便分别可滑动地容纳锚柄102和钻孔构件或者驱动构件172。第二插管200可以包括一个或者多个释放凸片202,以便可释放地保持钻孔构件或者驱动构件172与锚柄102处于期望的角度关系(例如,基本上平行地),从而例如在固定构件108的紧固孔140内有效地对接骨螺钉142。如图10A所示,一旦骨螺钉142的一部分已经***到紧固孔140内,那么当骨螺钉142被驱动到位时,钻孔构件或者驱动构件172可以与第二套管200脱离,以便铰接至期望的成角度路径。在一些实施方式中,钻孔构件或者驱动构件172的运动范围可以受到在引导构件150下方延伸的环204的限制或者限定。如图所示,环204基本上围绕钻孔构件或者驱动构件172,并且可以改变环204的尺寸和形状,以限制钻孔构件或者驱动构件172在以下平面内的运动,所述平面偏离由锚柄102限定的竖直平面并且平行于所述竖直平面延伸。
参考图10B和图10C,在一些实施方式中,螺钉导向件168和引导构件150可以形成为单个部件,或者整体地或一体地形成在一起。螺钉导向件168可以以期望的角度支撑骨螺钉142和钻孔构件或者驱动构件172,以便将骨螺钉142***到固定构件108中。在一些实施方式中,螺钉导向件168可以包括附着至引导构件150的支架206,至少部分地由底壁208和相对的侧壁210限定的支架206从底壁208延伸到引导构件150。为了将骨螺钉142的轨道设定为期望的角度,底壁208可以包括倾斜表面220,倾斜表面220至少在螺钉导向件168对接固定构件108时朝着固定构件108延伸(见图10C)。如图所示,在骨螺钉142***到固定构件108中的过程中,底壁208可以支撑钻孔构件或者驱动构件172的第一端174(例如,联接器180)。
参考图11至图19,在一些实施方式中,锚柄102可以是空心的以在其中接纳导丝222,用于锚固随后的脊柱器械工具或者紧固件(见图13)。例如,如图13所示,导丝222可以***到空心锚柄102的孔112中并与固定构件108对接,以便在移除输送装置100的同时保持位置。将导丝222保持在适当位置,可以将背板224和空心紧固件226两者都朝着固定构件108推进并且拧入锚固空腔146中,以便将一个或者多个骨螺钉142进一步紧固到位(见图14)。如至少图15所示,背板224可以包括这样的直径,使得背板224至少部分地延伸越过固定构件108的紧固孔140。通过完全或者部分地覆盖紧固孔140,背板224是可操作的从而阻止或者至少限制一个或者多个骨螺钉142回退,由此减少了对后续手术的需要和/或对术后护理水平的要求。此外,背板224的使用可以不再需要固定构件108具有用于骨螺钉142的配合螺纹,从而使得骨螺钉142在被驱动进入骨头和/或组织中时具有更大的自由度。在一些实施方式中,背板224可以限定一个或者多个凸片228,所述一个或者多个凸片228至少部分地延伸越过一个或者多个紧固孔140(见图15,图16)。在另一实施方式中,背板224可以是不定向的,由此限制将背板224精确地对准固定构件108的需要(见图17和图19)。附加地或者替换地,空心紧固件226可以包括大尺寸头部230,从而有效地覆盖一个或者多个紧固孔140并且防止一个或者多个骨螺钉142的回退(见图18和图19)。
现在参考图20至图22,在另一实施方式中,输送装置100可以包括定位轴232,所述定位轴232***到空心钻孔构件或者驱动构件172的管腔234内。所述定位轴232可以包括远侧尖端结构236,其可操作以预先设定钻孔构件或者驱动构件172的第一端174的角度,用于正确地***骨螺钉(见图22)。例如,定位轴232的远侧尖端结构236与钻孔构件或者驱动构件172的第一端174(例如,联接器180)之间的接触可使第一端174弯曲、伸缩、或者铰接至期望的***角度。一旦在钻孔构件或者驱动构件172中预先设定适当的***角度,就毗邻锚柄102并朝着固定构件108推进钻孔构件或者驱动构件172和骨螺钉142(依次参见图20和图21)。一旦骨螺钉142已经进入固定构件108中,就可以移除定位轴232并且可以将骨螺钉142扭转到位(见图22)。
现在转到图33至图46,在一些实施方式中,类似于输送装置100,输送装置300包括轴302,轴302具有近端和远端或者近端部分和远端部分306,304,并且在其内限定管腔。所述管腔可以是中心管腔。如图33至图37A等图所示,轴302是细长锚柄302,并且通常可以足够长,以便从远端部分304延伸到患者体外的一个位置,在所述位置,锚柄302的至少一部分(例如,近端部分306)能够被外科医生握持和操纵。远端部分304和近端部分306可以是附着在一起的两个部件,或者,在一些实施方式中,可以整体地或者一体地形成为单个部件。锚柄302是空心管(见图36),并且可以改变其尺寸和形状,以便通过杆600和螺钉导向件400将锚柄302可释放地锚固到固定构件308(例如,CAVUXTM颈椎支架-L,购自普罗维登斯医疗技术公司)上。例如,锚柄302的远端部分304可以是带键的或者可以包括螺纹等,以便经由杆600将锚柄302可释放地保持在螺钉导向件400上。在一些实施方式中,螺钉导向件400可以连接到锚柄302上,因此可以不考虑患者或者螺钉导向件400的位置来定位输送装置300。
如图33至图37A等图所示,螺钉导向件400耦接到轴302的远端304上,并且手柄500耦接到轴302的近端306上。螺钉导向件位于椎骨的目标区域内以提供正确的(或者预定的)轨道,用于展开螺钉。在一些实施方式中,螺钉导向件400可操作地连接到锚柄302,以便引导骨螺钉600***固定构件308中。在一个实施方式中,螺钉导向件400在锚柄302的远端部分304并毗邻固定构件308紧靠锚柄302或者被锚柄302所接纳。如图37E至图37G所示,螺钉导向件400可以包括用于接收所述杆并且接合所述轴的第一或者中心管腔469,以及一个或者多个倾斜管腔470,以限定用于***骨螺钉的轨道。在一些实施方式中,所述第一或者中心管腔469包括槽或者螺纹468以接合所述轴的远端。在多个实施方式中,螺钉导向件400的倾斜管腔470可以形成为螺钉导向件的一部分,或者可以是可移除的。例如,当螺钉导向件400毗邻固定构件308定位(即,“对接”或者被杆600紧固)时,倾斜管腔470可以与固定构件308的至少一个紧固孔或者骨螺钉孔360是同心的。一旦与固定构件308对接,螺钉导向件400的倾斜管腔470就引导骨螺钉142与固定构件308正确对准。在一些实施方式中,倾斜管腔470可以偏离螺钉导向件400的杆接收部480。
手柄500构造成在装置300的远端释放附着或者耦接到螺钉导向件400上的支架或者固定构件308(参见图33至图35)。手柄500的形状大体为椭圆形,并且包括抓握结构505,以便帮助使用者抓住和操纵手柄。抓握结构505可以是在手柄上水平或者竖直定位的细长抓握结构。抓握结构505可以由橡胶或者其它合适的聚合物制成。手柄500可以包括第一部分510和第二部分515。第一部分510可以相对于轴302固定或者静止。第二部分515可以相对于第一部分510旋转或者转动以释放固定构件308,这一点将在下文中给予更详细的描述。
如图36所示,杆或者细长构件600可以定位在轴腔302a中,并且所述杆包括近端601和远端602。杆600可以是实心的或者空心的,并且可以由任何合适的材料制成。手柄500可以是支架释放手柄,其耦接到杆600的近端601上,并且固定构件308耦接到杆600的远端602上。杆600的远端602可以是带螺纹的(未示出),用于与固定构件308中的杆接收孔355中的螺纹350接合。从图37可以理解,手柄可以沿箭头A的方向旋转,以便从所述杆上拧下或者释放固定构件308。
如在全文中所示,固定构件可以与输送装置可释放地耦接。可以改变固定构件308的尺寸和形状,以便紧密配合(例如,摩擦配合)到位于两块相邻椎骨之间的椎间盘关节空隙中的相邻椎骨中,或者以其它方式与位于两块相邻椎骨之间的椎间盘关节空隙中的相邻椎骨接合或者紧靠(参见例如图2,其示例了不同的实施方式,但是应当理解,固定构件308安装在与图中所示的相似的位置)。如本文中所描述的,固定构件308是可操作的,以便固定地接合颈椎的两块相邻椎骨(参见例如图2),从而将两块相邻的椎骨融合在一起(例如,图2中所示的C5和C6)。如图34至图37G可能最好显示的,固定构件308包括主体314,主体314由相对的上表面316和下表面318、相对的前表面320和后表面330、以及相对的侧表面332所限定。骨螺钉接收孔360至少限定在后表面330中。在一个实施方式中,有两个骨螺钉接收孔360,它们构造成接收骨螺钉或者其它紧固件700,用于将固定构件308紧固到相应的椎骨表面上。孔360成一定角度,以便为骨螺钉600提供特定的轨道,这一点将在下面进行更加详细的描述。
固定构件308的形状可以大致呈长方体,并且可以包括接合结构334以便将固定构件308固定地保持在椎间盘关节空隙内。例如,上表面316和下表面318可以包括多个定向突起334,所述多个定向突起334允许固定构件308***到椎间盘空隙中,而且还限制固定构件308的移除。例如,突起334可以成形为在横截面上类似于锯齿波形(见图33、图37B、图37D、图42),并且突起334的竖直段336面向前表面320。如图36、图37A至图37D、图42和其它附图所示,突起334可以水平地间隔开(例如,呈均匀的行)并且可以基本上在主体314的相对的侧表面332之间延伸。为了减小重量并且提供用于骨桥接的横截面面积(例如,在植入后压紧骨移植材料以促进骨骼生长),固定构件308可以包括限定在固定构件308的表面(例如,相对的上表面316和下表面318以及相对的侧表面332,参见例如图37B、图37C)中的多个空腔338。在一些实施方式中,空腔338可以互连,使得主体314可以被认为是中空的。所述固定构件可以是锥形的。也就是说,后表面330的宽度W1可以大于前表面320的宽度W2(参见例如图37C)。所述固定构件可以由以下材料制成:骨或者骨替代材料或者生物相容性金属、陶瓷、聚合物,或者它们的一些组合。例子包括金属,诸如钛、不锈钢、钴铬、铬-钼,以及聚合物,诸如聚碳酸酯、PEI、UHMW PE、ABS、PEEK,等等。
在一些实施方式中,如图37A至图37D所示,固定构件308进一步包括螺钉引导接合结构340。所述接合结构340可以是构造成接纳螺钉导向件400上的相应接合结构341的插槽、U形孔或者其它结构。当接合时,所述结构340,341用于紧固所述固定构件308和螺钉导向件400,用于进行递送。接合结构341可以成形为与结构340的相应形状相匹配的销、U形突出部或者其它构型(参见图37E、图37F和图37G)。两个接合结构341的成对的对角相对位置提供了消除固定构件308相对于螺钉导向件400的旋转运动的方法。
如图38所示,所述***可以进一步包括耦接到驱动器772上的骨螺钉142。所述螺钉可以通过紧密的摩擦配合或者轻压配合而耦接。所述螺钉被固定构件接收或者容纳在固定构件中,如图39-41等图所示。如这些图中还显示的,同轴器械(例如,螺钉导向件和驱动构件)是成角度的或者铰接的,或者同时是成角度的并且是铰接的,以便在最小组织回缩的情况下提供成角度的螺钉展开。
如图38-45所示,在示例性实施方式中,螺钉输送***710可以包括钻孔构件或者驱动构件772,从而不仅朝着固定构件308推进骨螺钉142,而且将骨螺钉142驱动到固定构件308中并进入相邻椎骨中。钻孔构件或者驱动构件772可以是细长轴,并且可以包括第一端774以及从第一端774延伸的第二端776。钻孔构件或者驱动构件772是实心轴,并且通常可以足够长以便从第一端774延伸到患者体外的一位置,在所述位置处,钻孔构件或者驱动构件772的至少一部分(例如,第二端776)能够由外科医生握持和操纵。在其它实施方式中,所述轴可以是空心管。一旦骨螺钉142被钻孔构件或者驱动构件772驱动到固定构件308的紧固孔360的其中一个中,就可以从螺钉导向件管腔470中移除钻孔构件或者驱动构件772,然后再将钻孔构件或者驱动构件772与第二螺钉导向件管腔470重新接合,以重复该过程,用于后续将骨螺钉***固定构件308的其它紧固孔360(如果有的话)中。
继续参考图38至图45,例如,钻孔构件或者驱动构件772可以是可操作的,从而可释放地夹紧骨螺钉142,直到骨螺钉142被驱动到椎间盘关节空隙内就位。例如,第一端774可以包括钻头778,用于与骨螺钉142的螺钉头144相应的驱动接合(见图42),第一端774可以通过摩擦配合、干涉配合、临时附接装置或者其它临时紧固机构可释放地保持骨螺钉142。在一些实施方式中,第一端774可以相对于第二端776伸缩、弯曲、或者铰接,以便允许骨螺钉142在螺钉导向件400和固定构件308内适当地对准。例如,第一端774可以包括联接器780,所述联接器780允许钻孔构件或者驱动构件772旋转并且以指定角度与骨螺钉142铰接。在一些实施方式中,从共线到锚柄302,指定角度在30度至70度之间。作为一个例子,联接器780可以采用万向接头790的形式,所述万向接头790允许钻孔构件或者驱动构件772的第一端774相对于第二端776偏移旋转(见图44)。也就是说,所述接头是万向铰接接头。在其它例子中(见上文),联接器780可以是可弹性变形的盘簧,其能够将扭矩以期望的角度轨迹传递给骨螺钉142。作为又一个例子,联接器780可以是激光切管部分,其弹性地变形至期望的角度轨迹。尽管提供了三个例子,但是联接器780可以包括其它可变形机构,包括但不限于前面讨论的三个例子的任何组合。
如图42所示,在使用中,螺钉142耦接或者直接耦接至驱动器772,驱动器772引导螺钉142通过螺钉导向件管腔470并进入固定构件308中。螺钉142通过摩擦配合牢固地附着到驱动器钻头上。双面箭头显示了驱动器钻头778的肩部与螺钉导向件400之间的距离D。在一个实施方式中,驱动器772和螺钉142在它们被推进时顺时针旋转。图43描绘了驱动器钻头778的肩部与螺钉导向件400之间的减小的距离。更具体地,位置1显示驱动器钻头778的肩部与螺钉导向件400之间的接触位置。尽管驱动器钻头778能够旋转到位,但是它不能再前进。图46显示了接触表面或者接合表面的放大视图,所述接触表面或者接合表面虽然允许驱动器旋转就位,但是将阻止驱动器的进一步前进。所述表面是匹配的凹面和凸面。
回到图43,图43的位置2示出了螺钉142的与固定构件308的螺纹管腔相接合的螺纹头。当驱动器772旋转时,通过与螺纹结构360的接合来推进螺钉142。螺钉142包括一个或者多个锁定结构或者防退结构,诸如位于螺钉头的自锁螺纹和/或过盈配合螺纹,以帮助将螺钉142锚固在固定构件中。
从图44中能够理解,当沿箭头B的方向推进螺钉142通过螺钉导向件400(并且驱动器772旋转到位)时,螺钉142开始与驱动器钻头778脱离,如双面箭头A所示。也就是说,螺钉头与驱动器钻头之间的摩擦配合(轻压配合)被打破。图45和图46显示了当螺钉展开完成时的***710。如图所示,螺钉142已经从驱动器钻头778中移出(如箭头A所示)足够多以完全破坏摩擦配合,然而在驱动器钻头和螺钉头之间仍然有足够的接合以完成螺钉旋转并使其充分地展开。现在能够从螺钉导向件400上移除驱动器772,从而留下螺钉锁定或者紧固在固定构件308内的适当位置。
回到图23至图26,并且如图38至图46所示,在上文和下文所描述的实施方式的每一个中的骨螺钉142都可以是自钻的、自攻的和锁定的。在实施方式中,所述螺钉是实心螺钉(即,它不是中空的和/或不包括限定在螺钉主体内的管腔)。如图所示,骨螺钉142可以包括远侧尖端238以及包括螺钉头144的近端240。在一些实施方式中,骨螺钉142可以包括螺旋切割槽260,螺旋切割槽260从远侧尖端238朝着近端240逐渐消失。远侧尖端238可以包括锐利的尖角,以便促进骨骼和/或组织切割。在一些实施方式中,螺钉头144的外部262可以是带螺纹的,以便与紧固孔140的相应螺纹相接合(见图26)。如图26和图45等图所示,为了将骨螺钉142锁定在固定构件108,308上,螺钉头144的外部262上的螺纹结构的小直径可以向外逐渐减小,以便与固定构件108,308的螺纹紧固孔140产生过盈配合,从而有效地将骨螺钉142锁定在合适位置并且限制回退。在一些实施方式中,螺钉头144的外部262上最后一圈螺纹的螺距也可以大于或者小于固定构件108,308上的螺距,从而在驱动螺钉142进入固定构件108,308中时在最后一圈上产生过盈配合。
输送装置100,300、钻孔构件或者驱动构件172,772和固定构件108,308可以由多种材料和方法形成。例如,包括锚柄102,302、引导构件150、螺钉导向件168,以及导丝196,222的输送装置100,300可以由以下材料形成:不锈钢、钛合金、钴铬合金、陶瓷、塑料(例如聚乙烯)或者适于在无菌外科环境中使用的其它材料。钻孔构件或者驱动构件172,772以及固定构件108,308可以类似地构造。在一些实施方式中,输送装置100,300和钻孔构件或者驱动构件172,772可以包括用于润滑需要的亲水和/或疏水涂层。所述装置、***和仪器可以是单次使用的和/或一次性使用的,或者可以包括单次使用的和/或一次性的部件。
所有关系参考和方向参考(包括:上、下、向上、向下、左、右、向左、向右、顶、底、侧、在上方、在下方、前、中、后、竖直、水平,等等)都是以举例说明的方式给出的,以帮助读者理解本文中所描述的特定实施方式。不应当将它们解读成要求或者限制,特别是关于位置、方位或者用途的要求或者限制,除非在权利要求书中明确阐述。连接参考(例如,附着、耦接、连接、结合,等等)应当被广义地理解,并且这些参考可以包括元件连接之间的中间构件以及元件之间的相对运动。因此,连接参考并不一定推导出两个元件直接连接并且相互之间处于固定关系,除非在权利要求书中明确阐述。
本领域技术人员应当理解,目前公开的实施方式通过例子并且非限制性地给出了教导。因此,以上描述中所包含的内容或者附图中所显示的内容应当被解释为说明性的而非限制性的。因此,本公开的范围不应当受到前面描述的特定实施方式的限制。

Claims (43)

1.一种用于在ACDF手术中将固定构件引导到脊柱中的颈椎间盘关节空隙的仪器,所述仪器包括:
输送装置,所述输送装置包括:
锚柄,所述锚柄包括限定纵向轴线的中心管腔、远端部分、以及从所述远端部分延伸的近端部分;
引导构件,所述引导构件可操作地与所述锚柄相关联,所述引导构件限定与所述中心管腔同轴的第一管腔、偏离所述第一管腔的两个倾斜管腔、以及至少一个固定构件接合结构;以及
固定构件,所述固定构件具有至少一个螺纹开口以及至少一个引导构件接合结构,使得当所述引导构件接合结构接纳所述固定构件接合结构时,所述接合阻碍所述固定构件相对于所述引导构件的旋转。
2.根据权利要求1所述的仪器,进一步包括杆构件,所述杆构件具有至少部分地延伸穿过所述锚柄的中心管腔的至少一个螺纹端,以便可释放地接合所述固定构件的所述螺纹开口。
3.根据权利要求2所述的仪器,进一步包括手柄,所述手柄可操作地耦接到所述锚柄的所述近端部分并且可旋转地耦接到所述杆,其中,所述杆的旋转将所述杆与所述固定构件可释放地接合在一起。
4.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的仪器,其中,所述至少一个固定构件接合结构包括至少一个槽,优选两个槽。
5.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的仪器,其中,所述第一倾斜管腔限定相对于所述纵向轴线成一定角度的第一轨道,并且所述第二倾斜管腔限定相对于所述纵向轴线成一定角度的第二轨道。
6.根据权利要求5所述的仪器,其中,所述第一轨道与所述第二轨道是不同的。
7.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的仪器,其中,所述固定构件进一步包括偏离所述至少一个螺纹开口的两个倾斜螺纹孔,当所述引导构件和所述固定构件接合时,所述两个倾斜螺纹孔与所述引导构件的相应的倾斜管腔共同延伸或者同轴。
8.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的仪器,其中,当所述引导构件和所述固定构件接合时,所述固定构件的开口与所述锚柄的中心管腔共同延伸或者同轴。
9.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的仪器,其中,所述引导构件的表面与所述固定构件的表面彼此紧靠。
10.根据权利要求1所述的仪器,其中,所述引导构件与所述锚柄可滑动地耦接。
11.一种用于在ACDF手术中将固定构件引导和紧固到脊柱中的颈椎间盘关节空隙的***,所述***包括:
固定构件输送装置,其包括:
锚柄,所述锚柄包括限定纵向轴线的中心管腔、远端部分、以及从所述远端部分延伸的近端部分;以及
引导构件,所述引导构件可操作地与所述锚柄相关联,所述引导构件限定与所述中心管腔同轴的第一管腔、偏离所述第一管腔的两个倾斜管腔、以及至少一个固定构件接合结构;以及
固定构件,所述固定构件具有至少一个螺纹开口以及至少一个引导构件接合结构,使得当所述引导构件接合结构接纳所述固定构件接合结构时,所述接合阻碍所述固定构件相对于所述引导构件的旋转;以及
驱动构件,所述驱动构件具有毗邻所述锚柄与所述引导构件可操作地关联的第一端。
12.根据权利要求12所述的***,其中,所述装置进一步包括杆构件,所述杆构件具有至少部分地延伸穿过所述锚柄的中心管腔的至少一个螺纹端,以便可释放地接合所述固定构件的所述螺纹开口。
13.根据权利要求13所述的***,其中,所述装置进一步包括手柄,所述手柄可操作地耦接到所述锚柄的所述近端部分并且可旋转地耦接到所述杆,其中,所述杆的旋转将所述杆与所述固定构件可释放地接合在一起。
14.根据权利要求11至14中任一项所述的***,其中,所述固定构件进一步包括偏离所述至少一个螺纹开口的两个倾斜螺纹孔,当所述引导构件和所述固定构件接合时,所述两个倾斜螺纹孔与所述引导构件的相应的倾斜管腔共同延伸或者同轴。
15.根据权利要求14所述的***,其中,所述第一轨道将第一紧固件引导到上椎骨表面,并且所述第二轨道将第二紧固件引导到下椎骨表面。
16.根据权利要求11至15中任一项所述的***,进一步包括至少一个紧固件,所述至少一个紧固件容纳在所述固定构件的所述两个倾斜螺纹孔的其中一个中,以便将所述固定构件紧固到椎骨表面上。
17.根据权利要求16所述的***,其中,所述紧固件为防退螺钉或者自锁螺钉,在螺钉的头部具有过盈配合螺纹。
18.根权利要求11至17中任一项所述的***,其中,所述驱动构件的第一端包括联接器,所述联接器允许所述驱动构件旋转和/或以期望角度与紧固件铰接,从而在最小组织回缩的情况下将所述紧固件以期望角度展开。
19.根据权利要求18所述的***,其中,所述联接器从由万向节、盘簧、或者释放切管部分构成的组中选择。
20.一种植入脊柱固定植入物的方法,所述方法包括:
在ACDF手术中将输送仪器推进到两个相邻椎骨之间的椎间盘关节空隙中,所述输送仪器包括:
锚柄,所述锚柄包括限定纵向轴线的中心管腔、远端部分、以及从所述远端部分延伸的近端部分;
引导构件,所述引导构件可操作地与所述锚柄相关联,所述引导构件限定与所述中心管腔同轴的第一管腔、偏离所述第一管腔的两个倾斜管腔、以及至少一个固定构件接合结构;以及
固定构件,所述固定构件具有至少一个螺纹开口以及至少一个引导构件接合结构,使得当所述引导构件接合结构接纳所述固定构件接合结构时,所述接合阻碍所述固定构件相对于所述引导构件的旋转;
毗邻所述输送仪器推进钻孔/驱动构件,所述钻孔/驱动构件具有可释放地附接到所述钻孔/驱动构件的第一端上的紧固件;以及
推进所述紧固件穿过所述引导构件的两个倾斜管腔的其中一个,以便将所述固定构件附接到所述两个相邻椎骨的至少一个上。
21.根据权利要求20所述的方法,其中,所述钻孔/驱动构件的所述第一端包括联接器,所述联接器允许所述钻孔/驱动构件旋转和/或以期望角度与紧固件铰接,从而在最小组织回缩的情况下将所述紧固件以期望角度展开。
22.根据权利要求21所述的方法,其中,所述联接器选自于由万向节、盘簧或者释放切管部分组成的组。
23.根据权利要求20所述的方法,其中,所述紧固件为防退螺钉或者自锁螺钉,在螺钉的头部具有过盈配合螺纹。
24.一种用于将固定构件引导到脊柱的输送装置,所述输送装置包括:
锚柄,所述锚柄具有远端部分以及从所述远端部分延伸的近端部分,所述远端部分是带键的或者带螺纹的,以便锚固到所述固定构件上;以及
引导构件,所述引导构件可操作地与所述锚柄相关联。
25.根据权利要求24所述的输送装置,其中,所述引导构件与所述锚柄可滑动地耦接。
26.根据权利要求24和25中任一项所述的输送装置,其中,所述锚柄为空心管或者实心杆。
27.根据权利要求24所述的输送装置,进一步包括可操作地连接至所述锚柄的螺钉导向件。
28.根据权利要求27所述的输送装置,其中,所述螺钉导向件与所述引导构件整体地形成。
29.根据权利要求27和28中任一项所述的输送装置,其中,所述螺钉导向件包括一个或者多个成形的或者可移除的倾斜管腔,以便设定用于骨螺钉的轨道。
30.根据权利要求24和25中任一项所述的输送装置,其中,所述引导构件是与所述锚柄可滑动地耦接的双空心或者单空心构件。
31.根据权利要求24和25中任一项所述的输送装置,其中,所述引导构件是导丝,所述导丝毗邻所述锚柄延伸并且构造成锚固到所述固定构件上。
32.根据权利要求24至31中任一项所述的输送装置,其中,所述引导构件在其中限定至少一个钻孔/驱动路径。
33.一种用于将固定构件引导和紧固到脊柱的***,所述***包括:
椎间植入物输送装置,其包括:
锚柄,所述锚柄具有远端部分以及从所述远端部分延伸的近端部分,所述远端部分被可释放地附接从而锚固到所述固定构件上;以及
引导构件,所述引导构件可操作地连接到所述锚柄上;以及
钻孔/驱动构件,所述钻孔/驱动构件具有第一端并且毗邻所述锚柄与所述引导构件可滑动地耦接。
34.根据权利要求33所述的***,进一步包括用于支撑所述钻孔/驱动构件的螺钉导向件,以及骨螺钉,所述骨螺钉以期望的角度连接至所述钻孔构件或者驱动构件,用于将所述骨螺钉***到所述固定构件中。
35.根据权利要求33和34中任一项所述的***,其中,所述引导构件是可滑动地与所述锚柄及所述钻孔/驱动构件耦接的单空心或双空心构件。
36.根据权利要求35所述的***,其中,所述钻孔/驱动构件与所述引导构件可释放地耦接。
37.根据权利要求33至35中任一项所述的***,其中,所述锚柄是空心管,并且所述***进一步包括可滑动地接纳在所述空心锚柄内的导丝。
38.根据权利要求37所述的***,其中,所述导丝是可操作的,以便将一空心螺钉引导并定位在所述固定构件上。
39.根据权利要求33所述的***,其中,所述钻孔/驱动构件是空心的,以便在其中接纳一根轴,从而预先设定所述钻孔/驱动构件的第一端的角度,用于将骨螺钉***到所述固定构件中。
40.根据权利要求33至39中任一项所述的***,其中,所述钻孔/驱动构件的所述第一端包括联接器,所述联接器允许所述钻孔/驱动构件旋转并且以期望角度与骨螺钉铰接。
41.根据权利要求40所述的***,其中,所述联接器选自于由万向节、盘簧或者释放切管部分组成的组。
42.一种植入脊柱固定植入物的方法,所述方法包括:
将输送装置推进到两个相邻椎骨之间的关节中,所述输送装置包括可释放地附接到其远端的固定构件;
毗邻所述输送装置推进钻孔/驱动构件;以及
将所述固定构件附接到所述两个相邻椎骨的至少一个上。
43.根据权利要求42所述的方法,进一步包括将可释放地附接到所述钻孔/驱动构件上的骨螺钉以期望的角度引导到所述固定构件中。
CN201680068747.8A 2015-10-13 2016-10-13 脊柱关节植入物输送装置和*** Pending CN108289689A (zh)

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