CN108288321A - Method is determined based on the volume of the flow of passengers above and below the bus station of IC card data and vehicle GPS information - Google Patents
Method is determined based on the volume of the flow of passengers above and below the bus station of IC card data and vehicle GPS information Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
Method is determined based on the volume of the flow of passengers above and below the bus station of IC card data and vehicle GPS information, and being related to a kind of bus station, the volume of the flow of passengers determines method up and down.In order to solve the problems, such as that the information such as the website of getting on the bus, get-off stop, time getting off that lack passenger in existing IC card data cannot be that bus passenger flow signature analysis directly provides required data.The present invention obtains the volume of the flow of passengers in each website IC card, and obtain the upper volume of the flow of passengers of website full dose based on the volume of the flow of passengers in IC card first by IC card Data Matching to corresponding public bus network according to vehicle GPS data IC card data;Then according to public bus network by way of website quantity calculate each website and get off probability, while calculating the sucting strength of each website according to volume of the flow of passengers total amount on each website, each website probability of getting off be modified according to the sucting strength of each website;Finally according to the volume of the flow of passengers under each website of probability calculation of getting off of the upper volume of the flow of passengers of each website and each website.The present invention is applicable in bus station on-board and off-board flow estimation.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the volumes of the flow of passengers above and below a kind of bus station to determine method.
Background technology
It is close also to occur population with the continuous quickening of national Development of China's Urbanization, while city is evolving growth
A series of urban diseases such as collection, traffic congestion, environmental pollution.In order to solve a series of urban diseases caused by rapid urban,
Country advocates and greatly develops the public transport for having the characteristics that input cost is low, transport is efficient, audient user is wide.City bus
Passenger flow feature distribution is the weight of urban public traffic network planning, Public Transport Junction planning, bus operation scheduling and public transport organization of driving
Want basic data.Especially in recent years, as public transport is in the continuous improvement of urban transportation strategic position, service level is built
The better urban mass-transit system of higher, operation benefits is the active demand of Traffic Development, accurately and efficiently obtains public transport visitor
Flow data also just seems ever more important to the development of city bus.Using traditional manual research method be difficult get in real time,
Comprehensive bus trip data, on the other hand, at home with bus IC card automatic fare collection system and automatic vehicle positioning system
It is each it is metropolitan be widely used, carrying out data analysis based on IC card has the data supporting of magnanimity, to use modern information technologies
Realize that the excavation of bus passenger flow spatial and temporal distributions provides possibility.
The basic goal that bus passenger flow feature is excavated based on IC card be for Urban transit planning and operation management provide in real time,
Comprehensive basic data, but the original intention of IC card automatic fare collection system design is not to obtain bus passenger flow feature, for using
The bus card-reading data of one ticket, the website of getting on the bus for not having passenger in recording of swiping the card, get-off stop, time getting off, transfer record
Etc. information, so cannot be that bus passenger flow signature analysis directly provide required data, so that bus operation cannot be carried out well
The activities such as scheduling and public transport organization of driving.
Invention content
The purpose of the present invention is to solve lack in existing IC card data the website of getting on the bus of passenger, get-off stop, under
The information such as vehicle time cannot be the problem of bus passenger flow signature analysis directly provides required data, and propose a kind of based on IC card
Data determine method with the volume of the flow of passengers above and below the bus station of vehicle GPS information.
Method is determined based on the volume of the flow of passengers above and below the bus station of IC card data and vehicle GPS information, is included the following steps:
The volume of the flow of passengers in step 1, reckoning:
Step 1.1, by IC card Data Matching to corresponding public bus network:
The IC card data that specific public bus network and each vehicle are extracted from Based on Bus IC Card Data library, inquire the start and end of the circuit
Point and on the way each website;
Step 1.2 is arranged the IC card data inquired by charge time sequencing;
Step 1.3, according to the obtained vehicle GPS data of inquiry, determine website time that vehicle reaches and arrive at a station and from
It stands the time, and determining vehicle is in the down time of each website;
Step 1.4 searches all charge times between the corresponding vehicle arrival time of each website and IC between the time leaving from station
Card data obtain the volume of the flow of passengers in each website IC card;
Step 1.5 carries out practical sample investigation, obtains the public bus network and uses IC card passenger's ratio, to obtain website i
The upper volume of the flow of passengers S of full dosei, i=1,2,3 ..., m, m are bus stop sum;
Step 2 calculates the lower volume of the flow of passengers:
Step 2.1, according to public bus network by way of website quantity calculate each website and get off probability;
Probability of getting off is:
In formula:FijIt gets on the bus the probability that passenger gets off in bus station j for bus station i;θ is average by way of website quantity;
Step 2.2, the sucting strength that each website is calculated according to volume of the flow of passengers total amount on each website:
The sucting strength of each website is calculated using the upper volume of the flow of passengers total amount of each website, calculation formula is:
In formula:WkFor public bus network bus station k sucting strengths;SkFor the upper volume of the flow of passengers of bus station k,For line
Road is unidirectionally got on the bus total number of persons;
Step 2.3 is modified each website probability of getting off according to the sucting strength of each website:
In bus station, i gets on the bus, and the probability calculation formula that j gets off in bus station is:
Step 2.4, according to the volume of the flow of passengers under the upper volume of the flow of passengers of each website and each website of probability calculation of getting off of each website:
(1)PijIndicate that certain passenger gets on the bus in bus station i, in the probability that j gets off;If there is m bus stop, establish following general
Rate matrix P=(Pij)m×m;
(2) D is usediIndicate the volume of the flow of passengers under the i of bus station,
According to the characteristic of public transport unidirectional operation, do not get off passenger for start site:D1=0;
Since the 2nd website, the lower volume of the flow of passengers calculation formula often stood is:
So that it is determined that the lower volume of the flow of passengers often stood.
Further, the mistake of the upper volume of the flow of passengers of website i full doses is obtained in the step 1.5 by using IC card passenger's ratio
Cheng Zhong gets on the bus if a certain website is swiped the card without passenger, using the average value of the volume of the flow of passengers on each website as the volume of the flow of passengers on the website.
Further, whole day, this month or current season are chosen when calculating the sucting strength of each website in the step 2.2
Volume of the flow of passengers total amount calculates website sucting strength on each website.
Further, the determination process that the lower volume of the flow of passengers often stood in the step (2) calculates is as follows:
Use DiIndicate the volume of the flow of passengers under the i of bus station,
According to the characteristic of public transport unidirectional operation, do not get off passenger for start site:D1=0;
The passenger that 2nd website is got off comes from the passenger that initiating station is got on the bus:D2=S1·P12;
The passenger that 3rd website is got off comes from initiating station and the 2nd website is got on the bus passenger:D3=S1·P13+S2·P23;
And so on ...;
So that it is determined that the lower volume of the flow of passengers calculation formula at every station is since the 2nd website:
So that it is determined that the lower volume of the flow of passengers often stood.
Further, the process of the volume of the flow of passengers is as follows in each website IC card in the step 1.4:
Sequence calculates the interval of swiping the card between two neighboring record of swiping the card, swipe the card the small Mr. Yu in interval station down time when, that is, sentence
Disconnected passenger is got on the bus at the station;To obtain the volume of the flow of passengers in the website IC card.Or passenger's charge time between vehicle when arriving at a station
Between between the time leaving from station, that is, judge that passenger gets on the bus at the station, to obtain the volume of the flow of passengers in the website IC card.
Beneficial effects of the present invention are:
The present invention proposes with moment matching process and probability distribution method a kind of based on IC card data and vehicle respectively
The volume of the flow of passengers determines method up and down for the bus station of GPS information.The present invention can be accurately high according to IC card data and vehicle GPS information
Effect ground obtains public transport passenger flow data up and down, compares traditional manual research method, data source is more fast and reliable, time saving province
Power.Simultaneously based on the volume of the flow of passengers above and below the bus station based on IC card data and vehicle GPS information, it is aided with a small amount of practical tune
It looks into, you can obtain each website of full dose or more volume of the flow of passengers, the accuracy rate of the volume of the flow of passengers is more than above and below each station obtained using the present invention
80%;To provide number for urban public traffic network planning, Public Transport Junction planning, bus operation scheduling and public transport organization of driving etc.
It is of great significance according to basis, while to researchs such as resident trip time, resident trip rules.
Description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the flow chart for calculating the upper volume of the flow of passengers;
Fig. 2 is the flow chart for calculating the lower volume of the flow of passengers.
Specific implementation mode
Specific implementation mode:Illustrate present embodiment in conjunction with Fig. 1 and Fig. 2,
Method is determined based on the volume of the flow of passengers above and below the bus station of IC card data and vehicle GPS information, is included the following steps:
The volume of the flow of passengers in reckoning:
Since current most cities public bus network uses only in the form swiped the card constantly of getting on the bus, and record of swiping the card only wraps
Containing the moment of swiping the card, and without site information, so needing to judge resident's bus loading zone point.Website of getting on the bus judges using base
The matching analysis method at the time of Based on Bus IC Card Data and vehicle GPS information.The GPS device installed on bus can be with accurate recording
The information such as line number, arrival time, time leaving from station, uplink and downlink, site number, and resident takes bus, charge time is centainly situated between
It arrives at a station between the moment leaving from station in vehicle, it therefore, can be by the way that the charge time recorded in Based on Bus IC Card Data be matched to vehicle
It is final to determine that resident gets on the bus website in, moment section leaving from station.Specifically include following steps:
Step 1.1, by IC card Data Matching to corresponding public bus network:
The IC card data that specific public bus network and each vehicle are extracted from Based on Bus IC Card Data library, inquire the start and end of the circuit
Point and on the way each website;
Step 1.2 is arranged the IC card data inquired by charge time sequencing;
Step 1.3, according to the obtained vehicle GPS data of inquiry, determine website time that vehicle reaches and arrive at a station and from
It stands the time, and determining vehicle is in the down time of each website;
Step 1.4 searches all charge times between the corresponding vehicle arrival time of each website and IC between the time leaving from station
Card data obtain the volume of the flow of passengers in each website IC card;
Passenger's charge time must be within down time, therefore, sequentially calculate it is two neighboring swipe the card record between
It swipes the card interval, the small Mr. Yu in interval that swipes the card stands down time, we judge that passenger is got on the bus at the station.In other words, passenger brushes
Block the time between vehicle arrival time and time leaving from station, that is, judges that passenger gets on the bus at the station, to obtain website IC
The volume of the flow of passengers on card.
Step 1.5 carries out practical sample investigation, obtains the public bus network and uses IC card passenger's ratio, to obtain website i
The upper volume of the flow of passengers S of full dosei, i=1,2,3 ..., m, m are bus stop sum;
To the circuit randomly select bus carry out it is certain investigated with vehicle, investigate the ratio that IC card number is used in passenger
Example, obtains the average proportions of the circuit IC card number of users, the upper volume of the flow of passengers obtained using IC card data, you can extrapolate the station
The upper volume of the flow of passengers of point full dose.It gets on the bus if a certain website is swiped the card without passenger, using the average value of the volume of the flow of passengers on each website as the station
The volume of the flow of passengers on point.
Calculate the lower volume of the flow of passengers:
Since most cities public bus network is only swiped the card constantly getting on the bus, it is unable to get and accurately gets off the moment of swiping the card
And website of swiping the card, it is therefore desirable to which resident trip get-off stop is estimated.According to previous bus passenger flow analysis result, resident
Nearby land use morphology is the deciding factor for influencing get-off stop probability for trip distance and get-off stop.Based on this thought,
The lower volume of the flow of passengers is calculated to include the following steps:
Step 2.1, according to public bus network by way of website quantity calculate each website and get off probability;
It can most reflect that the index of go-outside for civilian by bus distance is exactly by way of website quantity.Usually work as and reaches by way of website quantity
When in a certain range, the passenger that gets off is most, that is, maximum probability of getting off, and when website number is more or less, probability of getting off is smaller, can recognize
To get off, probability obeys Poisson distribution with by way of website quantity.When therefore only considering approach website quantity factor, obtain getting off general
Rate is:
In formula:FijIt gets on the bus the probability that passenger gets off in bus station j for bus station i;θ is average by way of website quantity,
The meaning of expression is most possibly got off after the stations θ after passenger loading, in conjunction with the practical situation of going on a journey of each city dweller
Selection, as m-i < θ, θ takes (m-i) again;E is the constant in mathematics;!Indicate factorial;
Step 2.2, the sucting strength that each website is calculated according to volume of the flow of passengers total amount on each website:
Another determinant of go-outside for civilian by bus is exactly land use morphology.As nearby there is the station of market, public place of entertainment
Point attraction bigger, the website especially near transport hub, the upper and lower volume of the flow of passengers are most.Since go-outside for civilian by bus has
Round-trip property, therefore the generation of website and total amount is attracted to substantially remain in equilibrium state, i.e., passenger flow under the more website of the upper volume of the flow of passengers
Amount is relatively also more.The sucting strength of each website is calculated using the upper volume of the flow of passengers total amount of each website, calculation formula is:
In formula:WkFor public bus network bus station k sucting strengths;SkFor the upper volume of the flow of passengers of bus station k,For line
Road is unidirectionally got on the bus total number of persons;
In practical application, can choose whole day, this month, on current season each website volume of the flow of passengers total amount calculate website attract it is strong
Degree, to improve the reliability of website sucting strength calculating.
Step 2.3 is modified each website probability of getting off according to the sucting strength of each website:
Since probability of getting off is related to land use morphology near trip distance and get-off stop, can obtain in bus station
Point i gets on the bus, and the probability calculation formula that j gets off in bus station is:
Step 2.4, according to the volume of the flow of passengers under the upper volume of the flow of passengers of each website and each website of probability calculation of getting off of each website:
According to the probability of getting off between website, the volume of the flow of passengers under website is calculated using the volume of the flow of passengers on each website of the circuit.The party
Method is unable to the trip route of the single passenger of accurate perception, but since its constraints is less, operation is simple, as a result compared with subject to
Really, it is a kind of get-off stop judgment method that effect is relatively good.Basic ideas are as follows:
(1)PijIndicate that certain passenger gets on the bus in bus station i, in the probability that j gets off;If there is m bus stop (including the whole story
Stand) it can then establish following probability matrix P=(Pij)m×m;
(2) D is usediIndicate the volume of the flow of passengers under the i of bus station, SiIndicate the volume of the flow of passengers on the i of bus station, SiGetting on the bus, the volume of the flow of passengers exists
It has been counted when step 1.5;
According to the characteristic of public transport unidirectional operation, do not get off passenger for start site:D1=0;
The passenger that 2nd website is got off comes from the passenger that initiating station is got on the bus:D2=S1·P12;
The passenger that 3rd website is got off comes from initiating station and the 2nd website is got on the bus passenger:D3=S1·P13+S2·P23;
……;
The lower volume of the flow of passengers calculation formula for obtaining every station is:
So that it is determined that the lower volume of the flow of passengers often stood.
Embodiment:
It is a kind of to determine that the embodiment of method is specific based on IC card data and the volume of the flow of passengers above and below the bus station of vehicle GPS information
It follows the steps below:
Specific implementation mode is calculated so that a certain vehicle of certain 1 road public bus network of city completes one stroke as an example on the vehicle
The volume of the flow of passengers and the lower volume of the flow of passengers.
The upper volume of the flow of passengers calculates:
Step 1: by IC card Data Matching to corresponding public bus network;
The 1 road public bus network of city, the 313028311 (POS of vehicle loading is obtained from public transport company of the city IC card database
Machine ID) number vehicle, on 2 11st, 2014 early 9 points 56 minutes~10: 33 time IC card data of desensitization of putting into several classes, including when IC card is swiped the card
Between, bus POS machine number.Inquire the circuit stop station point quantity and each site location, title, including terminus and edge simultaneously
Way website.IC card charge time is as shown in table 1, and website facilities are as shown in table 2 on the way for the circuit.
Certain the 1 road public bus network shift IC card charge time of city of table 1
Wherein, the time is classified as charge time by bus, and when data format is-point-second, such as 102632 indicate at 10 points 26 minutes 32
Second.
Certain the city Line 1 curb way website facilities of table 2
Step 2: the IC card data inquired are arranged by charge time sequencing;
By each vehicle IC card data of the circuit according to the sequence of charge time, arrange from small to large.Table such as table 3 after arrangement
It is shown.
Certain the 1 road public bus network shift IC card charge time of city (time sequencing arrangement) of table 3
Step 3: inquiry public transport GPS data obtains vehicle arrival time and time leaving from station;
According to the POS machine ID of the vehicle, the GPS device number for finding the vehicle can be corresponded to, is obtained by inquiring GPS data
The website that reaches of the vehicle and arrive at a station and the time leaving from station, determine vehicle each website down time.From the vehicle GPS number
According to it is found that the shift be return shift, do not stopped at ceramic cell, the red flag street streets Ji Gaoyi station.The vehicle reach website and
Arrive at a station, the time leaving from station it is as shown in table 4.
4 vehicle of table reaches website and arrives at a station, the time leaving from station
Step 4: searching IC card data between vehicle arrival time and time leaving from station of all charge times, obtain each
The volume of the flow of passengers on website.
It according to passenger's charge time, finds out between vehicle arrival time and time leaving from station, that is, judges passenger at this
Station is got on the bus, to obtain the volume of the flow of passengers on the website.The volume of the flow of passengers is as shown in table 5 on obtained each website.
5 each website of table is got on the bus ridership using IC card
Step 5: carrying out a small amount of factual survey, obtains public bus network and use IC card passenger's ratio, obtain each website full dose
The upper volume of the flow of passengers.
To the circuit randomly select bus carry out it is certain investigated with vehicle, investigate the ratio that IC card number is used in passenger
Example, obtains the average proportions of the circuit IC card number of users, the upper volume of the flow of passengers obtained using IC card data, you can extrapolate the station
The upper volume of the flow of passengers of point full dose.It is assumed that it is 60% that inquiry agency, which obtains the circuit using IC card passenger's ratio, each website calculated multiplies
The volume of the flow of passengers is as shown in table 6 on visitor.Wherein, the website that the volume of the flow of passengers is 0 in IC card is made using the average value of the volume of the flow of passengers on remaining website
For the upper volume of the flow of passengers.
The volume of the flow of passengers on 6 each website of table
The lower volume of the flow of passengers determines method:
Step 1: according to public bus network by way of website quantity calculate each website and get off probability;
It is as shown in table 7 according to formula (1) probability that obtains getting off when only considering approach website quantity factor.Wherein, according to this
City dweller's bus trip situation, initial θ values take 9.
Step 2: calculating the sucting strength of each website according to volume of the flow of passengers total amount on each website;
The above volume of the flow of passengers calculates the sucting strength of each website according to formula (2) as each website sucting strength calculation basis,
Result of calculation is as shown in table 8.
Due to using only in one way the volume of the flow of passengers in this example as sucting strength calculation basis, it is therefore desirable to the starting station and
Terminus special consideration, wherein terminus sucting strength are replaced using starting station sucting strength, and starting station sucting strength is set as zero.
Step 3: being modified to each website probability of getting off according to the sucting strength of each website;
Each website sucting strength being calculated using step 2 carries out objective probability under each website for being obtained in step 1
It corrects, modification method is shown in formula (3).The lower objective probability of each website is shown in Table 9 after amendment.
Step 4: according to the volume of the flow of passengers under each website of probability calculation of getting off of the upper volume of the flow of passengers of each website and each website.
Station is calculated using formula (4) method using the volume of the flow of passengers on each website of the circuit according to the probability of getting off between website
The lower volume of the flow of passengers of point.It calculates under obtained each website shown in guest's number such as table (10).
Objective probability under 7 each website of table
8 each website sucting strength of table
Objective probability under each website after table 9 is corrected
The volume of the flow of passengers under 10 each website of table
The present invention can also have other various embodiments, without deviating from the spirit and substance of the present invention, this field
Technical staff makes various corresponding change and deformations in accordance with the present invention, but these corresponding change and deformations should all belong to
The protection domain of appended claims of the invention.
Claims (6)
1. determining method based on the volume of the flow of passengers above and below the bus station of IC card data and vehicle GPS information, which is characterized in that including with
Lower step:
The volume of the flow of passengers in step 1, reckoning:
Step 1.1, by IC card Data Matching to corresponding public bus network:
The IC card data that specific public bus network and each vehicle are extracted from Based on Bus IC Card Data library, inquire the circuit terminus and
Each website on the way;
Step 1.2 is arranged the IC card data inquired by charge time sequencing;
Step 1.3, the vehicle GPS data obtained according to inquiry, when determining the website time of vehicle arrival and arriving at a station and is leaving from station
Between, and determining vehicle is in the down time of each website;
Step 1.4 searches all charge times between the corresponding vehicle arrival time of each website and IC card number between the time leaving from station
According to obtaining the volume of the flow of passengers in each website IC card;
Step 1.5 carries out practical sample investigation, obtains the public bus network and uses IC card passenger's ratio, to obtain website i full doses
Upper volume of the flow of passengers Si, i=1,2,3 ..., m, m are bus stop sum;
Step 2 calculates the lower volume of the flow of passengers:
Step 2.1, according to public bus network by way of website quantity calculate each website and get off probability;
Probability of getting off is:
In formula:FijIt gets on the bus the probability that passenger gets off in bus station j for bus station i;θ is average by way of website quantity;
Step 2.2, the sucting strength that each website is calculated according to volume of the flow of passengers total amount on each website:
The sucting strength of each website is calculated using the upper volume of the flow of passengers total amount of each website, calculation formula is:
In formula:WkFor public bus network bus station k sucting strengths;SkFor the upper volume of the flow of passengers of bus station k,For circuit list
To total number of persons of getting on the bus;
Step 2.3 is modified each website probability of getting off according to the sucting strength of each website:
In bus station, i gets on the bus, and the probability calculation formula that j gets off in bus station is:
Step 2.4, according to the volume of the flow of passengers under the upper volume of the flow of passengers of each website and each website of probability calculation of getting off of each website:
(1)PijIndicate that certain passenger gets on the bus in bus station i, in the probability that j gets off;If there is m bus stop, such as lower probability square is established
Battle array P=(Pij)m×m;
(2) D is usediIndicate the volume of the flow of passengers under the i of bus station,
According to the characteristic of public transport unidirectional operation, do not get off passenger for start site:D1=0;
Since the 2nd website, the lower volume of the flow of passengers calculation formula often stood is:
So that it is determined that the lower volume of the flow of passengers often stood.
2. according to claim 1 based on volume of the flow of passengers determination side above and below the bus station of IC card data and vehicle GPS information
Method, which is characterized in that obtain the process of the upper volume of the flow of passengers of website i full doses in the step 1.5 by using IC card passenger's ratio
In, it gets on the bus if a certain website is swiped the card without passenger, using the average value of the volume of the flow of passengers on each website as the volume of the flow of passengers on the website.
3. according to claim 2 based on volume of the flow of passengers determination side above and below the bus station of IC card data and vehicle GPS information
Method, which is characterized in that it is each to choose whole day, this month or current season when calculating the sucting strength of each website in the step 2.2
Volume of the flow of passengers total amount calculates website sucting strength on website.
4. according to claim 1,2 or 3 true based on IC card data and the volume of the flow of passengers above and below the bus station of vehicle GPS information
Determine method, which is characterized in that the determination process that the lower volume of the flow of passengers often stood in the step (2) calculates is as follows:
Use DiIndicate the volume of the flow of passengers under the i of bus station,
According to the characteristic of public transport unidirectional operation, do not get off passenger for start site:D1=0;
The passenger that 2nd website is got off comes from the passenger that initiating station is got on the bus:D2=S1·P12;
The passenger that 3rd website is got off comes from initiating station and the 2nd website is got on the bus passenger:D3=S1·P13+S2·P23;
And so on ...;
So that it is determined that the lower volume of the flow of passengers calculation formula at every station is since the 2nd website:
So that it is determined that the lower volume of the flow of passengers often stood.
5. according to claim 4 based on volume of the flow of passengers determination side above and below the bus station of IC card data and vehicle GPS information
Method, which is characterized in that the process of the volume of the flow of passengers is as follows in each website IC card in the step 1.4:
Sequence calculates the interval of swiping the card between two neighboring record of swiping the card, the small Mr. Yu in interval that swipes the card stand down time when, i.e. judgement multiplies
Visitor is got on the bus at the station;To obtain the volume of the flow of passengers in the website IC card.
6. according to claim 4 based on volume of the flow of passengers determination side above and below the bus station of IC card data and vehicle GPS information
Method, which is characterized in that the process of the volume of the flow of passengers is as follows in each website IC card in the step 1.4:
Passenger's charge time between vehicle arrival time and time leaving from station, that is, judges that passenger gets on the bus at the station, to obtain
The volume of the flow of passengers in the website IC card.
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