CN108278088A - 一种钢铝梯度复合材料钻杆及其制备方法 - Google Patents
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000010146 3D printing Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 210000002445 nipple Anatomy 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 5
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B17/00—Drilling rods or pipes; Flexible drill strings; Kellies; Drill collars; Sucker rods; Cables; Casings; Tubings
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
- B22F10/20—Direct sintering or melting
- B22F10/28—Powder bed fusion, e.g. selective laser melting [SLM] or electron beam melting [EBM]
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F7/00—Manufacture of composite layers, workpieces, or articles, comprising metallic powder, by sintering the powder, with or without compacting wherein at least one part is obtained by sintering or compression
- B22F7/06—Manufacture of composite layers, workpieces, or articles, comprising metallic powder, by sintering the powder, with or without compacting wherein at least one part is obtained by sintering or compression of composite workpieces or articles from parts, e.g. to form tipped tools
- B22F7/08—Manufacture of composite layers, workpieces, or articles, comprising metallic powder, by sintering the powder, with or without compacting wherein at least one part is obtained by sintering or compression of composite workpieces or articles from parts, e.g. to form tipped tools with one or more parts not made from powder
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- B33Y10/00—Processes of additive manufacturing
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- B33Y80/00—Products made by additive manufacturing
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B17/00—Drilling rods or pipes; Flexible drill strings; Kellies; Drill collars; Sucker rods; Cables; Casings; Tubings
- E21B17/02—Couplings; joints
- E21B17/04—Couplings; joints between rod or the like and bit or between rod and rod or the like
- E21B17/042—Threaded
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种钢铝梯度复合材料钻杆及其制备方法,钻杆被设计为内外双层结构,钻杆外层和接头部分采用钢材,内层部分采用铝合金,钢和铝合金界面之间通过其二者本身按比例梯度变化的过渡层而实现结合。该钻杆结合了钢材的强度、耐磨性、耐高温、抗腐蚀和铝合金材料轻质的优点,从而满足深部勘探装备发展的需要。钻杆的接头部分采用钢材料,解决了常规铝合金钻杆和钢接头间异种金属组装困难的问题,同时,既可以采用独立接头设计,也可以直接在钻杆上车出接头,缩短制造流程,节约成本;采用钢和铝二者本身按比例梯度变化的过渡层而实现钢铝界面之间结合,替代常规的钢铝机械式连接方法,节约材料并增强了钢铝之间的结合强度。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于钻探工程技术领域,具体涉及一种钢铝梯度复合材料钻杆及其制备方法。
背景技术
随着浅地层资源的不断开发和资源需求量的不断加大,向地球深部寻找更多的资源成为了全球矿业发展的趋势。深部勘探面临着高强度、高腐蚀等复杂的工况条件,由此给勘探设备和技术提出更高的要求,尤其是需要适应该种工况条件的高性能钻杆。
钢钻杆和铝合金钻杆是目前应用最广泛的两种钻杆,钢钻杆具有较高的屈服强度和极限强度,以及更好的耐磨性和抗腐蚀性,但是其密度大,单位长度重量大,比强度较小;铝合金钻杆的密度小,比强度远大于钢钻杆,但其造价昂贵,硬度低,耐磨性差,易腐蚀,耐高温性能差,且现有的铝合金钻杆通常配备的是钢接头,由于是异种金属因而难以进行组装,通常需要采取热组装、冷组装等特殊组装方法,实际生产中拆装复杂,钻进效率低。这些缺点都限制了其在深部勘探中的应用。因此,为了满足我国目前在深部勘探装备方面的发展需要,研制出一种轻质高强,具有高耐温性、耐磨性和耐腐蚀性质的钻杆便成为了一种迫切的需要。
发明内容
本发明的目的是解决上述背景技术中现有勘探钻杆多为钢钻杆和铝合金钻杆,钢钻杆重量大,比强度小,易发生折断,而铝合金钻杆虽然重量轻但是硬度强度低,耐磨性、耐高温性和耐腐蚀性差,且其在实际生产中拆装复杂,钻进效率低等问题,提供一种钢铝梯度复合材料钻杆及其制备方法。
一种钢铝梯度复合材料钻杆,是由钻杆外层和钻杆内层组成,钻杆外层包裹钻杆内层;
钻杆外层和接头为钢材料,钻杆内层为铝合金材料;
钻杆外层和接头分别通过过渡层与钻杆内层相结合;
过渡层的组成成分与质量百分比如下:
钢10%-90%,铝合金10%-90%,并按梯度比例变化实现结合;
钻杆前端的接头为钢材料,两端具有公母螺纹;
一种钢铝梯度复合材料钻杆的制备方法,具体制备方法如下;
通过软件建立该钻杆结构的三维模型,确定其过渡层中钢铝的混合比例,之后通过激光热熔方法对已确定的模型进行3D打印,从而获得该种钢铝梯度复合材料的钻杆结构;
这种钻杆的接头处为钢材料,既可以采用传统铝合金钻杆的独立接头设计,也可以采用传统钢钻杆的设计,直接在钻杆两端车出公母螺纹接头,缩短制造流程的同时保证连接强度。
本发明的有益效果:
本发明以钢铝梯度复合材料作为钻杆材料,既能使钻杆满足高强度、高耐磨性、耐腐蚀性和高耐温性的要求,又降低了钻杆的密度,提高其比强度,从而适用于深部勘探项目当中,钻杆的接头仍采用钢材料,解决了常规铝合金钻杆和钢接头间异种金属组装困难的问题,简化了生产工艺,提高了实际生产中的可操作性和工作效率,钻杆结构既可以采用独立接头设计,也可以直接在钻杆上车出接头,缩短制造流程,节约成本,采用钢和铝二者本身按梯度比例变化的过渡层而实现钢铝界面之间结合,替代常规的钢铝机械式连接方法,提高了效率,增强了钢铝之间的结合强度。
附图说明
图1是本发明钻杆的结构示意图;
图2是本发明接头的结构示意图;
图3是图1中A处的局部放大图;
图4是图1中B处的局部放大图;
具体实施方式
请参阅图1图2图3和图4所示:
实施例1
地质钻杆
钻杆接头14采用优质合金结构钢,钻杆壁厚为7毫米,分为钻杆外层11和钻杆内层13及两者间的过渡层12;
钻杆外层11和接头14分别通过过渡层12与钻杆内层13相结合;
过渡层12的组成成分与质量百分比如下:
钢10%-90%,铝合金10%-90%,并按梯度比例变化实现结合;
钻杆前端的接头14为钢材料,两端具有公母螺纹;
钻杆外层11厚3毫米,采用钢材料,钻杆内层13厚3毫米,采用铝合金材料,过渡层厚1毫米,金属粉末粒径为50微米,将过渡层分为9层,由外向内第1层及第9层为0.15毫米,第2-8层为0.1毫米,制备时第1层填充90%钢粉,10%铝合金粉,第2层填充80%钢粉,20%铝粉,以此类推第9层填充10%钢粉,90%铝合金粉;
制备时,以钢接头为基材,两个送粉喷嘴同时喷出钢粉和铝合金粉,从内壁开始只喷出钢粉至3毫米厚时,过渡层中两个喷嘴同时送粉,按照上述比例分别喷出相应的钢粉和铝合金粉,过渡层完成后只喷出铝粉,如此完成一层的铺粉,再采用变功率激光使钢粉和铝粉熔融形成熔覆层,按照上述步骤逐层堆叠即可完成该钻杆的制备。
实施例2
石油钻杆
钻杆接头采用优质合金结构钢,钻杆壁厚为10.92毫米,钻杆分为钻杆外层11和钻杆内层13及两者间的过渡层;
钻杆外层11厚4.96毫米,采用钢材料,钻杆内层13厚4.96毫米,采用铝合金材料,过渡层厚1毫米,金属粉末粒径为50微米,将过渡层分为9层,由外向内第1层及第9层为0.15毫米,第2-8层为0.1毫米。制备时第1层填充90%钢粉,10%铝合金粉,第2层填充80%钢粉,20%铝粉,以此类推第9层填充10%钢粉,90%铝合金粉;
一种钢铝梯度复合材料钻杆的制备方法,具体制备方法如下;
以钢接头为基材,两个送粉喷嘴同时喷出钢粉和铝合金粉,从内壁开始只喷出钢粉至4.96毫米厚时,过渡层中两个喷嘴同时送粉,按照上述比例分别喷出相应的钢粉和铝合金粉,过渡层完成后只喷出铝粉,从而完成一层的铺粉。再采用变功率激光使钢粉和铝粉熔融形成熔覆层,按照上述步骤逐层堆叠即可完成该钻杆的制备。
Claims (2)
1.一种钢铝梯度复合材料钻杆,是由钻杆外层(11)和钻杆内层(13)组成,钻杆外层(11)包裹钻杆内层(13);
钻杆外层(11)和接头(14)为钢材料,钻杆内层(13)为铝合金材料;
钻杆外层(11)和接头(14)分别通过过渡层(12)与钻杆内层(13)相结合;
过渡层(12)的组成成分与质量百分比如下:
钢10%-90%,铝合金10%-90%,并按梯度比例变化实现结合;
钻杆前端的接头(14)为钢材料,两端具有公母螺纹。
2.一种钢铝梯度复合材料钻杆的制备方法,具体制备方法如下;
通过软件建立该钻杆结构的三维模型,确定其过渡层中钢铝的混合比例,之后通过激光热熔方法对已确定的模型进行3D打印,从而获得该种钢铝梯度复合材料的钻杆结构;
这种钻杆的接头处为钢材料,既可以采用传统铝合金钻杆的独立接头设计,也可以采用传统钢钻杆的设计,直接在钻杆两端车出公母螺纹接头(14),缩短制造流程的同时保证连接强度。
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WO2021213902A1 (fr) | 2020-04-22 | 2021-10-28 | Vallourec Oil And Gas France | Insert precisement integre dans un corps brut realise par fabrication additive |
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