CN108276962B - Efficient moisturizing wetting type dust suppressant and preparation and use methods thereof - Google Patents
Efficient moisturizing wetting type dust suppressant and preparation and use methods thereof Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to a high-efficiency moisturizing wetting type dust suppressant and a preparation and use method thereof, belonging to the technical field of environmental protection. The efficient moisturizing wetting dust suppressant comprises the following components in parts by weight: 20-60 parts of mixed surfactant, 30-70 parts of moisture absorption wetting agent and 10-50 parts of water; wherein the mixed surfactant is a mixture of nonionic surfactant heterogeneous fatty alcohol polyoxyethylene ether and room temperature ionic liquid surfactant; the moisture absorption wetting agent is a mixture of isomeric alcohol and high-hygroscopicity ionic liquid. The efficient moisturizing wetting dust suppressant prepared by the invention has the advantages of ultralow surface tension, lasting wettability and long-term moisture absorption and preservation, can greatly improve the dust suppression efficiency, prevents dust raising and meets the requirements of energy conservation and environmental protection.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of environmental protection, in particular to a high-efficiency moisturizing wetting type dust suppressant and a preparation and use method thereof.
Background
Many human activities produce fine particulate matter or dust, which accounts for a significant proportion of atmospheric pollution. For example, thermal power plants, heat supply plants, mining sites, quarries, cement plants, stone processing plants, nonferrous and ferrous metal smelting plants, textile plants, chemical plants, asphalt plants, etc. are major dust sources, and dust emission in construction sites, open bulk material yards, bare dry lands, etc. is very serious. The influence of dust pollution on human beings and the environment is manifold, such as poison and irritation to people, reduction of visibility, and causing of equipmentThe abrasion and corrosion cause harm to the growth of crops, grasslands and livestock, and the influence on the environment is also very prominent. After the inhalable dust enters a human body through a respiratory system, sensory stimulation and even permanent toxicity are formed, so that miners suffer from pneumoconiosis and seriously damage the health of the miners. The direct economic loss caused by the pneumoconiosis in China is over 80 billion yuan each year by measurement and calculation of experts. High-concentration coal dust is also a great hidden trouble for safe production of coal mines. When the concentration of coal dust is 30-2000 g/m3And explosion will occur when exposed fire is encountered. The 27 th month in 2005 occurred in the east wind coal mine of the seven rivers of Heilongjiang province, and the great mine accident causing the death of 171 miners was caused by coal dust explosion. Therefore, the dust control is urgent, and the research on a new dust control theory and a new dust control technology has great significance.
The common dust suppression methods include sprinkling water, building dust-free gravel pavement structures and using chemical dust suppressants. Chemical dust suppressants are generally classified into three types, i.e., binders, coagulants and wetting agents, depending on the place of use and the action. The adhesive is usually used for soil stabilization of soil pavements and dust suppression in the material transportation process, and the core of the bonding mechanism is that the pavement has enough strength, and the dynamic pressure, the friction shearing action and the condensation stretching damage of moving objects on the pavement can not damage the pavement material structure. The coagulant has the functions of absorbing moisture in the atmosphere and retaining water, and can be applied to occasions such as pavement dust raising, material transportation and the like. The core of the dust prevention mechanism of the coagulant is to concentrate the particle size distribution of a road wearing layer to d >80 meshes, and the sedimentation velocity of dust is more than 0.1m/s according to the Stokes formula. Humectants can improve the permeability of certain organic or inorganic chemical materials and are often used to increase the dust suppression efficiency of water. The core of the wetting mechanism is to keep a certain moisture (40% -10%) on the road surface all the time, namely, the wet dust is utilized to increase the dust density and accelerate the dust reduction, thereby inhibiting the generation of raised dust on the road surface.
Currently, the wetting agents widely used internationally are: carbopol of Poland, P and Q agents of Japan, nonionic wetting agent of Germany, Dustally and M-R type wetting agent of English, American and the like, NDZEs wetting agent of America and the like. The humectant is popularized from the 80 th of the 20 th century in China, and the domestic humectants mainly comprise HJ-I of Jiangxi, sDLY of the hydropower part, sR-l of Shanxi, H-86 of Beijing Fengtai and the like, and have the defect that the application range of each humectant is very small.
The invention patent CN 104312538B discloses a wet dust suppressant for dust control, which comprises 50-70% of mixed surfactant consisting of alkyl sulfonate, alkylphenol ethoxylate and fatty alcohol ethoxylate, 10-25% of wetting agent mixture consisting of polyalcohol and monohydric alcohol, and 1-10% of preservative, and the dust suppressant has better dust suppression effect after being prepared into 500-800 times of aqueous solution with surface tension within 29 mN/m.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problems in the prior art, the invention provides the efficient moisturizing wetting type dust suppressant and the preparation and use methods thereof.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention provides the following technical scheme:
on one hand, the invention provides a high-efficiency moisturizing wetting type dust suppressant which comprises the following components in parts by weight: 20-60 parts of mixed surfactant, 30-70 parts of moisture absorption wetting agent and 10-50 parts of water;
wherein the mixed surfactant is a mixture of nonionic surfactant heterogeneous fatty alcohol polyoxyethylene ether and room temperature ionic liquid surfactant;
the moisture absorption wetting agent is a mixture of isomeric alcohol and high-hygroscopicity ionic liquid.
Further, the efficient moisturizing wetting type dust suppressant comprises the following components in parts by weight: 50-60 parts of mixed surfactant, 20-50 parts of moisture absorption wetting agent and 10-50 parts of water.
Further, the mixed surfactant comprises the following substances in percentage by mass:
20-80% of isomeric fatty alcohol polyoxyethylene ether
20% -80% of room-temperature ionic liquid surfactant.
Further, the moisture absorption wetting agent comprises the following substances in percentage by mass:
20 to 70 percent of isomeric alcohol
30-80% of room-temperature high-hygroscopicity ionic liquid.
Preferably, the heterogeneous fatty alcohol polyoxyethylene ether is one or more of heterogeneous lauryl polyoxyethylene ether, heterogeneous undecyl polyoxyethylene ether and heterogeneous tridecyl alcohol polyoxyethylene ether.
Further, the room-temperature ionic liquid surfactant is 1-hexadecyl-3-methylimidazole tetrafluoroborate, 1-tetradecyl-3-methylimidazole tetrafluoroborate, 1-dodecyl-3-methylimidazole tetrafluoroborate, 1-octyl-3-methylimidazole tetrafluoroborate; 1-octyl-3-methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate, 1-decyl-3-methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate, 1-dodecyl-3-methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate, 1-tetradecyl-3-methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate, 1-hexadecyl-3-methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate.
Preferably, the isomeric alcohol is one or more of isobutanol, isomeric dodecanol, isomeric undecanol and isomeric tridecanol.
Preferably, the room-temperature high-hygroscopicity ionic liquid is one or more of 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate, 1-hexyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate, 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate and 1-hexyl-3-methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate.
Compared with the prior art, the wetting type dust suppressant has uniqueness in component selection, is combined with the heterogeneous fatty alcohol-polyoxyethylene ether and the room-temperature ionic liquid surfactant, and consists of hydrophilic groups and hydrophobic groups. When the dust-removing agent is dissolved in water, molecules of the dust-removing agent are completely surrounded by water molecules, one end of a hydrophilic group is attracted by the water molecules, and one end of a hydrophobic group is repelled to extend into the air, so that the molecules form a tight directional arrangement layer (interface adsorption layer) on the surface of the water solution, the contact state of the molecules on the surface layer of the water and the air is changed, the contact area is greatly reduced, the surface tension of the water is reduced, and meanwhile, the hydrophobic group facing the air and dust have an adsorption effect, so that dust particles are brought into the water, and the dust is fully wetted. In addition, the invention uses the combined action of the isomeric alcohol and the room temperature high-hygroscopicity ionic liquid as the moisture-absorbing wetting agent to improve the moisture-preserving effect. The invention uses the ionic liquid surfactant and the high-efficiency ionic liquid hygroscopic agent, can keep the hygroscopicity and the moisture retention of the dust surface for a long time, and further improves the wind resistance of the dust.
The novel moisturizing and wetting dust suppressant with ultralow surface tension, lasting wettability and long-term moisture absorption and retention is developed by compounding the room-temperature ionic liquid surfactant and the nonionic surfactant and compounding the high-hygroscopicity room-temperature ionic liquid and the isomeric alcohol wetting agent, so that the dust suppression efficiency can be greatly improved, dust is prevented from flying, and the requirements of energy conservation and environmental protection are met.
On the other hand, the invention also provides a preparation method of the efficient moisturizing wetting type dust suppressant, which comprises the steps of weighing the mixed surfactant, the moisture-absorbing wetting agent and water according to the proportion, and putting the mixture into a stirrer to be uniformly stirred.
In another aspect, the invention further provides a use method of the efficient moisturizing wetting dust suppressant, wherein the mass ratio of the efficient moisturizing wetting dust suppressant to water is 1:500 and 800, mixing uniformly and then using.
The invention provides a high-efficiency moisturizing wetting type dust suppressant and a preparation and use method thereof, and the high-efficiency moisturizing wetting type dust suppressant has the following beneficial effects:
1) according to the invention, firstly, the non-ionic surfactant, the anionic surfactant and the ionic liquid surfactant are compounded to expand the application range of dust types, wherein the ionic liquid surfactant can greatly reduce the surface tension of water, simultaneously has wettability to all types of dust, and the application of isomeric alcohol and room temperature high-hygroscopicity ionic liquid can assist in reducing the surface tension and has better water absorption and moisture retention effects;
2) the ratio of the dust suppressant to water is 500-800 times, the surface tension of the dust suppressant can be reduced to be below 22mN/m, the solution can quickly capture dust with different particle sizes, the dust suppressant is low in dosage, the water dosage is low, and the efficiency is high;
3) the dust suppressant can rapidly soak dust under the condition that the ratio of the dust suppressant to water is 500-800 times, and the settling time of 200-mesh pulverized coal in the dust suppressant aqueous solution is less than 5 s;
4) the ratio of the dust suppressant to water is 500-800 times, and the static contact angle of water drops of the dust suppressant aqueous solution in 200-mesh pulverized coal is less than 5 degrees.
Detailed Description
In order to make the technical problems, technical solutions and advantages to be solved by the present invention clearer, the following detailed description is given with reference to specific embodiments.
The above-described scheme is further illustrated below with reference to specific examples. It should be understood that these examples are for illustrative purposes and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. The conditions used in the examples may be further adjusted according to the conditions of the particular manufacturer, and the conditions not specified are generally the conditions in routine experiments.
Materials, reagents and the like used in the following examples are commercially available.
The invention provides a high-efficiency moisturizing wetting dust suppressant and a preparation and use method thereof, and the specific material dosage and experimental process are shown in the following examples.
Example 1:
a high-efficiency moisturizing wetting type dust suppressant comprises the following components in parts by weight: 20 parts of mixed surfactant, 50 parts of moisture absorption wetting agent and 30 parts of water;
further, the mixed surfactant comprises the following substances in percentage by mass:
isomeric dodecyl alcohol polyoxyethylene ether 20%
80% of 1-tetradecyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate.
Further, the moisture absorption wetting agent comprises the following substances in percentage by mass:
isobutanol 20 percent
80% of 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate.
The preparation method of the efficient moisturizing wetting type dust suppressant comprises the steps of weighing the mixed surfactant, the moisture absorbing wetting agent and water according to a proportion, and putting the mixture into a stirrer to be uniformly stirred.
The application method of the efficient moisturizing wetting dust suppressant is characterized in that the mass ratio of the efficient moisturizing wetting dust suppressant to water is 1:500, mixing evenly, and then using.
Example 2:
a high-efficiency moisturizing wetting type dust suppressant comprises the following components in parts by weight: 30 parts of mixed surfactant, 20 parts of moisture absorption wetting agent and 50 parts of water;
further, the mixed surfactant comprises the following substances in percentage by mass:
isomeric dodecyl alcohol polyoxyethylene ether 20%
Isomeric undecyl alcohol polyoxyethylene ether 20%
60% of 1-decyl-3-methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate.
Further, the moisture absorption wetting agent comprises the following substances in percentage by mass:
isomeric Decanol 10%
Isomeric undecanol 30%
60% of 1-hexyl-3-methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate.
The preparation method of the high-efficiency moisturizing wetting dust suppressant is the same as that of example 1.
The application method of the efficient moisturizing wetting dust suppressant is characterized in that the mass ratio of the efficient moisturizing wetting dust suppressant to water is 1:500, mixing evenly, and then using.
Example 3:
a high-efficiency moisturizing wetting type dust suppressant comprises the following components in parts by weight: 50 parts of mixed surfactant, 40 parts of moisture absorption wetting agent and 10 parts of water;
further, the mixed surfactant comprises the following substances in percentage by mass:
isomeric tridecanol polyoxyethylene ether 60%
1-octyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate 20%
1-decyl-3-methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate (20%).
Further, the moisture absorption wetting agent comprises the following substances in percentage by mass:
isomeric tridecanol 40%
1-hexyl-3 methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate 30%
30% of 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate.
The preparation method of the high-efficiency moisturizing wetting dust suppressant is the same as that of example 1.
The application method of the efficient moisturizing wetting dust suppressant is characterized in that the mass ratio of the efficient moisturizing wetting dust suppressant to water is 1: 700, mixing evenly, and then using.
Example 4:
a high-efficiency moisturizing wetting type dust suppressant comprises the following components in parts by weight: 60 parts of mixed surfactant, 30 parts of moisture absorption wetting agent and 10 parts of water.
Further, the mixed surfactant comprises the following substances in percentage by mass:
further, the moisture absorption wetting agent comprises the following substances in percentage by mass:
the preparation method of the high-efficiency moisturizing wetting dust suppressant is the same as that of example 1.
The application method of the efficient moisturizing wetting dust suppressant is characterized in that the mass ratio of the efficient moisturizing wetting dust suppressant to water is 1: 800, mixing uniformly, and then using.
Example 5:
a high-efficiency moisturizing wetting type dust suppressant comprises the following components in parts by weight: 30 parts of mixed surfactant, 30 parts of moisture absorption wetting agent and 40 parts of water;
further, the mixed surfactant comprises the following substances in percentage by mass:
isomeric dodecyl alcohol polyoxyethylene ether 50%
30% of 1-decyl-3-methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate.
20% of 1-hexadecyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate.
Further, the moisture absorption wetting agent comprises the following substances in percentage by mass:
the preparation method of the high-efficiency moisturizing wetting dust suppressant is the same as that of example 1.
The application method of the efficient moisturizing wetting dust suppressant is characterized in that the mass ratio of the efficient moisturizing wetting dust suppressant to water is 1: 700, mixing evenly, and then using.
For reasons of space, the performance of the highly effective moisturizing wet-type dust suppressant prepared in accordance with the present invention is further illustrated by the following comparative example, which is set forth only as an example in example 3.
Comparative example 1:
a dust suppressant is prepared by replacing isomeric tridecanol polyoxyethylene ether in a mixed surfactant with equal mass of fatty alcohol polyoxyethylene ether, wherein the rest conditions are the same as those in example 3, and the preparation and use methods are also the same as those in example 3.
Comparative example 2:
a dust suppressant is prepared by replacing 1-octyl-3-methylimidazole tetrafluoroborate in a mixed surfactant with sodium dodecyl sulfate of equal mass and replacing 1-decyl-3-methylimidazole hexafluorophosphate with sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate of equal mass under the same conditions as in example 3, and the preparation and use methods are also the same as in example 3.
Comparative example 3:
a dust suppressant is prepared by replacing isomeric tridecanol polyoxyethylene ether in a mixed surfactant with fatty alcohol polyoxyethylene ether with equal mass, replacing 1-octyl-3-methylimidazole tetrafluoroborate in the mixed surfactant with sodium dodecyl sulfate with equal mass, replacing 1-decyl-3-methylimidazole hexafluorophosphate with sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate with equal mass, and preparing and using the same as example 3 except that the conditions are the same as example 3.
Comparative example 4:
a dust suppressant, replace isomeric tridecanol in the moisture absorption wetting agent with equal quality glycerin; the preparation and use methods were the same as in example 3 except that 1-hexyl-3 methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate was replaced with urea of equal mass and 1-ethyl-3 methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate was replaced with sorbitol of equal mass, and the conditions were the same as in example 3.
The dust suppressing agents prepared in examples 1 to 5 and comparative examples 1 to 4 were diluted with water and tested for surface tension, dust wetting effect, contact angle, and the like, and the test results are shown in table 1.
TABLE 1
As can be seen from Table 1, the high-efficiency moisture-retention wetting dust suppressant prepared by the invention can quickly wet and capture dust, improve the moisture absorption and retention of the dust surface and has better natural permeability.
The high-efficiency moisturizing wetting dust suppressant prepared by the invention is sprayed by a sprinkler according to the road surface condition, and the spraying amount is 1kg/m2The pavement can be kept from raising dust for more than 15 days, so that the moisture absorption and moisture retention type of the pavement can be kept for a long time, and the wind resistance of dust is further improved.
In conclusion, the high-efficiency moisturizing wetting type dust suppressant prepared by the invention has the advantages of ultralow surface tension, lasting wettability and long-term moisture absorption and retention, can greatly improve the dust suppression efficiency, prevents dust from flying, and meets the requirements of energy conservation and environmental protection.
The technical features of the embodiments described above may be arbitrarily combined, and for brevity and clarity of description, not all possible combinations of the technical features of the embodiments described above have been described, and it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications and refinements may be made without departing from the principle of the present invention, and these modifications and refinements should be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (6)
1. The efficient moisturizing wetting type dust suppressant is characterized by comprising the following components in parts by weight: 20-60 parts of mixed surfactant, 30-70 parts of moisture absorption wetting agent and 10-50 parts of water;
wherein the mixed surfactant is a mixture of nonionic surfactant heterogeneous fatty alcohol polyoxyethylene ether and room temperature ionic liquid surfactant;
the moisture absorption wetting agent is a mixture of isomeric alcohol and high-hygroscopicity ionic liquid;
the nonionic surfactant heterogeneous fatty alcohol-polyoxyethylene ether is one or more of heterogeneous lauryl polyoxyethylene ether, heterogeneous undecyl polyoxyethylene ether and heterogeneous tridecyl alcohol polyoxyethylene ether;
the room-temperature ionic liquid surfactant is 1-hexadecyl-3-methylimidazole tetrafluoroborate, 1-tetradecyl-3-methylimidazole tetrafluoroborate, 1-dodecyl-3-methylimidazole tetrafluoroborate and 1-octyl-3-methylimidazole tetrafluoroborate; one or more of 1-octyl-3-methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate, 1-decyl-3-methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate, 1-dodecyl-3-methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate, 1-tetradecyl-3-methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate and 1-hexadecyl-3-methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate;
the isomeric alcohol is one or more of isobutanol, isomeric dodecanol, isomeric undecanol and isomeric tridecanol;
the high-hygroscopicity ionic liquid is one or more of 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazole tetrafluoroborate, 1-hexyl-3-methylimidazole tetrafluoroborate, 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazole hexafluorophosphate and 1-hexyl-3-methylimidazole hexafluorophosphate.
2. The efficient moisturizing wetting type dust suppressant according to claim 1, which is characterized by comprising the following components in parts by weight: 50-60 parts of mixed surfactant, 20-50 parts of moisture absorption wetting agent and 10-50 parts of water.
3. The efficient moisturizing wetting dust suppressant according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the mixed surfactant is composed of the following substances in mass percent:
20-80% of isomeric fatty alcohol polyoxyethylene ether
20% -80% of room-temperature ionic liquid surfactant.
4. The efficient moisture-retention wetting dust suppressant according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the moisture-retention wetting agent comprises the following substances in percentage by mass:
20 to 70 percent of isomeric alcohol
30-80% of high-hygroscopicity ionic liquid.
5. The preparation method of the high-efficiency moisturizing wetting dust suppressant according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the surfactant, the moisture-absorbing wetting agent and water are weighed and mixed in proportion, and the mixture is put into a stirrer to be stirred uniformly.
6. The method for using the high-efficiency moisturizing and wetting dust suppressant according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the mass ratio of the high-efficiency moisturizing and wetting dust suppressant to water is 1:500-800, and the high-efficiency moisturizing and wetting dust suppressant is uniformly mixed and ready to use.
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| CN109385253A (en) * | 2018-07-16 | 2019-02-26 | 南瑞集团有限公司 | A kind of compound dust suppressant and preparation method thereof |
| CN109621589A (en) * | 2018-11-23 | 2019-04-16 | 北京联研卓创科技有限公司 | A kind of novel haze remover |
| CN109609091B (en) * | 2018-12-07 | 2022-02-08 | 南瑞集团有限公司 | Environment-friendly wetting dust suppressant and preparation method thereof |
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