CN108267693B - A kind of fast appraisement method of anode material of lithium battery high-temperature storage performance - Google Patents

A kind of fast appraisement method of anode material of lithium battery high-temperature storage performance Download PDF

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CN108267693B
CN108267693B CN201710028308.0A CN201710028308A CN108267693B CN 108267693 B CN108267693 B CN 108267693B CN 201710028308 A CN201710028308 A CN 201710028308A CN 108267693 B CN108267693 B CN 108267693B
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temperature storage
storage performance
positive electrode
battery
voltage
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CN108267693A (en
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于鹏
景燕
刘亚飞
陈彦彬
凡培红
崔健
雷雨
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Beijing Easpring Material Technology Co Ltd
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    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01RMEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
    • G01R31/00Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
    • G01R31/36Arrangements for testing, measuring or monitoring the electrical condition of accumulators or electric batteries, e.g. capacity or state of charge [SoC]
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    • G01R31/3648Constructional arrangements comprising digital calculation means, e.g. for performing an algorithm

Abstract

The present invention provides a kind of evaluation method of anode material for lithium-ion batteries high-temperature storage performance, and positive electrode is fabricated to lithium ion button half-cell first by this method, after carrying out preliminary filling activation, partial volume, carries out floating charge test to half-cell, obtains test result.The present invention can speculate positive electrode in the performance of lithium ion full battery high temperature storage performance by the test data of analysis half-cell.The evaluation method is simple and easy, low in cost, provides a kind of quickly and effectively evaluation method for the high-temperature storage performance of positive electrode.

Description

A kind of fast appraisement method of anode material of lithium battery high-temperature storage performance
Technical field
The present invention relates to the evaluation methods of secondary lithium battery positive electrode active materials, and in particular to a kind of secondary lithium-ion Cell positive material LiCoO2、LiMn2O4、LiNiCoMnO2Deng high-temperature storage performance test method.
Background technique
Lithium ion battery has many advantages, such as that platform voltage is high, energy density is high, light-weight, small in size, environmental pollution is small, Become current research hotspot.But in use process the production gas bulging phenomenon of lithium ion battery constrain to a certain degree lithium from The application range of sub- battery.Gas in lithium ion battery is mainly the change between positive and negative anodes and electrolyte at high operating temperatures Learn what reaction generated.Currently, test anode material for lithium-ion batteries high-temperature storage performance method mainly pass through production Soft Roll it is complete Battery is tested, and is completed high temperature storage test and is taken around 12 days.And it needs to test the battery before and after high temperature storage respectively The data such as voltage, thickness, internal resistance, capacity retention ratio and capacity restoration rate, are then handled and are compared to test data, thus Analyze the high-temperature storage performance of different positive electrodes.Not only test period is long for this test method, and test step is complicated, and surveys The lithium ion battery negative material that ambient humidity variation and each producer use when test result is easy to be made by lithium ion battery The interference effect of the factors such as difference, there are a degree of uncertainties for test result.
Therefore, it is necessary to a kind of evaluation methods for quickly judging anode material for lithium-ion batteries high-temperature storage performance, are promoted and are surveyed Try efficiency.
Summary of the invention
To solve the above-mentioned problems, accelerate the accuracy and rapidity of the evaluation of positive electrode high-temperature storage performance, the present invention A kind of positive electrode high-temperature storage performance evaluation method is proposed, carrying out charge and discharge electrical measurement to the half-cell made of positive electrode Examination, shortens the high-temperature storage performance evaluation time of positive electrode to 5 days or so, and reduce evaluation procedure, improves testing efficiency;Separately Outside, lithium ion battery is eliminated to interfere using different negative electrode material bring unstability.
To achieve the above object, the present invention proposes a kind of evaluation method of anode material for lithium-ion batteries high-temperature storage performance, The following steps are included:
(1) positive electrode is fabricated to lithium ion button half-cell according to certain method, battery is carried out with I1Size Pre-charge to V1Voltage, then with I2The current discharge of size is to V2Voltage.Wherein 0.1C≤I1≤1C;4.3V≤V1≤ 4.8V;0.1C≤I2≤1C;2.5V≤V2≤3.0V。
Preferably, 0.1C≤I1≤0.5C。
Preferably, 4.4V≤V1≤4.6V。
Preferably, 0.1C≤I2≤0.5C。
Preferably, 2.7V≤V2≤3.0V。
(2) battery for being completed rate capability clips on charge and discharge fixture, is put into T1It is quiet in the high temperature oven of temperature Set t1Time, then with I3The electric current of size carries out constant-current charge to V3Voltage, then with constant voltage floating charge t2 Time.Wherein 40 ℃≤T1≤90℃;0min≤t1≤60min;0.1C≤I3≤2C;4.3V≤V3≤4.8V ;500min≤t2≤50000min。
Preferably, 45 DEG C≤T1≤80℃。
Preferably, 15min≤t1≤45min。
Preferably, 0.1C≤I3≤1C。
Preferably, 4.4V≤V3≤4.6V。
Preferably, 2000min≤t2≤8000min。
(3) the constant-voltage phase charge ratio after being completed, during obtaining all battery floats in test software respectively Capacity C1, C2, C3…Cn, average value C is then calculateda=(C1+C2+C3+…+Cn)/n.
(4) C of different positive electrode measurements is comparedaThe size of value.CaIt is worth small positive electrode, high-temperature storage performance is good;Ca It is worth big positive electrode, high-temperature storage performance is poor.
According to the relationship of floating charge specific capacity and transition metal the amount of dissolution, transition gold when lithium ion battery half-cell high-temperature floating-charge The mathematical model for belonging to the amount of dissolution and capacity is as follows:
M=A*Ca/K
Wherein, M be floating charge when positive electrode in transition metal the amount of dissolution, CaFor floating charge Average specific capacities, A and K are Constant.
According to the relationship of electrolyte gas production in transition metal the amount of dissolution and lithium ion battery, high-temperature lithium ion battery is established It is as follows to store gas production deduction mathematical model:
V=Z*E*MCo
Wherein, V is gas production rate inside lithium ion battery, and Z and E are constant.
By MCo=A*Ca/ K substitutes into above-mentioned formula, and it is as follows to show that gas production deduces mathematical model:
V/ Ca=Z*E* A/K
It can be seen that from the formula except gas production V and floating charge specific capacity CaNumerical value Z, E, A, K in addition is constant, because And lithium ion full battery high temperature storage gas production V and lithium ion half-cell high-temperature floating-charge capacity CaLinear corresponding relationship, and just The wired sexual intercourse of pole material lattice stability.
Lithium ion half-cell high-temperature floating-charge specific capacity CaCharacterization is the lattice stability of positive electrode at high temperature, with electricity Bulging rate, internal resistance increase rate, high temperature storage capacity retention ratio, the high temperature storage capacity restoration rate in pond have direct linear relationship. Therefore only need to compare the lithium ion half-cell floating charge capacity data of test, it can speculate high between different positive electrodes The difference of warm storage performance.
Beneficial effects of the present invention: it only needs to carry out high-temperature floating-charge to positive electrode using lithium ion button half-cell to fill Electricity, and can speculate according to floating charge volume test data the difference of high-temperature storage performance between different positive electrodes, the evaluation Method is simple and easy, low in cost, and evaluation speed is fast.The interference for avoiding conventional test methodologies negative electrode material simultaneously, contracts significantly Short positive electrode high-temperature storage performance evaluation time.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is the floating charge time current curve figure of embodiment 1.
Fig. 2 is the floating charge specific capacity and lithium battery high temperature storage bulging rate relational graph of embodiment 1.
Fig. 3 is the floating charge specific capacity and lithium battery high temperature storage internal resistance increase rate relational graph of embodiment 1.
Fig. 4 is the floating charge specific capacity and lithium battery high temperature storage capacity retention ratio relational graph of embodiment 1.
Fig. 5 is the floating charge specific capacity and lithium battery high temperature storage capacity restoration rate relational graph of embodiment 1.
Fig. 6 is the floating charge specific capacity and lithium battery high temperature storage bulging rate relational graph of embodiment 2.
Fig. 7 is the floating charge time current curve figure of comparative example 1.
Specific embodiment
Below in conjunction with specific embodiment, invention is further described in detail.
Test method is described as follows.
The assembling of type button half-cell:
Quantitative material is weighed according to the mass ratio of positive electrode, conductive carbon black, PVDF=95%:2.5%:2.5%, PVDF is molten In quantitative NMP, positive electrode and conductive agent is added, is put into blender and stirs 30min, above-mentioned material is uniformly mixed It closes, is fabricated to uniform anode sizing agent.The anode sizing agent made is coated uniformly on aluminium foil and is fabricated to pole piece, at 120 DEG C It is dried in baking oven, it is stand-by to be fabricated to positive plate;Positive plate and diaphragm, lithium piece, electrolyte etc. are assembled into CR2025 type button half Battery.
Type Soft Roll full battery Integration Assembly And Checkout:
Lithium electricity positive electrode is made into soft-package battery, with a thickness of 5mm, width 30mm, length 48mm, which has The capacity of about 600mAh.
1. the production of anode
Positive electrode powder after 970g is coated, 15g Super-P, 15g PVDF and 380g NMP are uniformly mixed, and are adjusted Anode sizing agent is made.The slurry is applied on aluminium foil, it is dry.Obtained anode plate is cut, is rolled.
2. the production of cathode
By 950g artificial graphite, 13g Super-P, 14g CMC, 46g SBR solution and the mixing of 1200g deionized water are equal It is even, it is modulated into negative electrode slurry.The slurry is applied on copper foil, it is dry.Obtained negative plates are cut, are rolled.
3. the assembling of battery
Anode plate and negative plates soldering polar ear, and tab is fixed with high temperature gummed tape.Diaphragm is added, winding, compacting are put Enter in Soft Roll aluminum plastic film.After sealing, electrolyte is injected, then is stood, preliminary filling, secondary sealing and partial volume.
4. high temperature storage is tested:
Volume test work step before 4.1 high temperature storages:
(1) constant-current constant-voltage charging: 0.2CmA(final voltage 4.4V terminates electric current 0.02CmA)
(2) it stands: 10 minutes
(3) constant-current discharge: 0.2CmA(final voltage 3.0V)
(4) it stands: 10 minutes
(5) constant-current constant-voltage charging: 0.5CmA(final voltage 4.4V terminates electric current 0.02CmA)
(6) it stands: 10 minutes
(7) constant-current discharge: 0.5CmA(final voltage 3.0V)
(8) it stands: 10 minutes
(9) constant-current constant-voltage charging: 0.5CmA(final voltage 4.4V terminates electric current 0.02CmA)
4.2 pairs of batteries carry out voltage, thickness, inner walkway, and record data;
After battery is put into and stands a period of time in high temperature oven by 4.3, take out and test the voltage of battery, internal resistance, thickness, The information such as capacity retention ratio and capacity restoration rate.
Volume test work step after 4.4 high temperature storages:
(1) constant-current discharge: 0.5CmA(final voltage 3.0V)
(2) it stands: 10 minutes
(3) constant-current constant-voltage charging: 0.5CmA(final voltage 4.4V terminates electric current 0.02CmA)
(4) it stands: 10 minutes
(5) first step is returned to start the cycle over 6 times
Embodiment 1
(1) CR2025 type lithium ion button half-cell is respectively prepared in the different positive electrodes of tetra- kinds of A, B, C, D, to battery into It goes with the pre-charge of 0.2C size to 4.45V voltage, then with the current discharge of 0.2C size to 3.0V voltage.
(2) battery for being completed rate capability clips on charge and discharge fixture, is put into the high temperature oven of 60 DEG C of temperature 30min is stood, it, can then with the electric current progress constant-current charge of 0.2C size to 4.45V voltage, then with constant voltage floating charge 3000min Obtain floating current-time graph, the result is shown in Figure 1.
(3) constant-voltage phase after being completed, during obtaining tetra- kinds of battery floats of A, B, C, D in test software respectively Then charge specific capacity is averaged C respectivelya, the results are shown in Table 1.
(4) tetra- kinds of comparison A, B, C, D different positive electrode floating charge specific capacity CaSize, CaSmall positive electrode, Gao Wencun It is good to store up performance;CaIt is worth big positive electrode, high-temperature storage performance is poor.
A, B, C, D material button half-cell floating charge specific capacity of 1 embodiment 1 of table evaluate data
It is verified and is compared with full battery high-temperature storage performance test result below:
A, 053048 type Soft Roll full battery is made in tetra- kinds of B, C, D different positive electrodes, carries out voltage, thickness to battery after partial volume Degree, internal resistance, volume test and summary record data, the results are shown in Table 2, then carry out high temperature storage test, and after testing storage The data such as voltage, thickness, internal resistance, capacity the results are shown in Table 3, calculate the cell thickness change rate in test process, internal resistance increases Rate, capacity retention ratio, capacity restoration rate, the results are shown in Table 4.
Data record before the lithium ion full battery high temperature storage of 2 embodiment 1 of table
Test data after the lithium ion full battery high temperature storage of 3 embodiment 1 of table
Test data after the lithium ion full battery high temperature storage of 4 embodiment 1 of table
The storage bulging rate of the floating charge specific capacity of embodiment 1 and full battery is made into linear relationship chart, as shown in Figure 2;
The internal resistance increase rate of the floating charge specific capacity of embodiment 1 and full battery is made into linear relationship chart, as shown in Figure 3;
The capacity retention ratio of the floating charge specific capacity of embodiment 1 and full battery is made into linear relationship chart, as shown in Figure 4;
The capacity restoration rate of the floating charge specific capacity of embodiment 1 and full battery is made into linear relationship chart, as shown in Figure 5.
Embodiment 2
(1) CR2025 type lithium ion button half-cell is respectively prepared in the different positive electrodes of tetra- kinds of A, B, C, D, to battery into It goes with the pre-charge of 0.2C size to 4.6V voltage, then with the current discharge of 0.2C size to 3.0V voltage.
(2) battery for being completed rate capability clips on charge and discharge fixture, is put into the high temperature oven of 50 DEG C of temperature 30min is stood, then with the electric current progress constant-current charge of 0.2C size to 4.6V voltage, then with constant voltage floating charge 2000min.
(3) constant-voltage phase after being completed, during obtaining tetra- kinds of battery floats of A, B, C, D in test software respectively Then charge specific capacity is averaged C respectivelya
(4) tetra- kinds of comparison A, B, C, D different positive electrode floating charge specific capacity CaThe size of value, CaIt is worth small positive electrode, it is high Warm storage performance is good;CaIt is worth big positive electrode, high-temperature storage performance is poor.
It is verified and is compared with full battery high-temperature storage performance test result below:
A, the test data in the full battery data referencing embodiment 1 of tetra- kinds of B, C, D different positive electrodes.
The storage bulging rate of the floating charge specific capacity of embodiment 2 and full battery is made into linear relationship chart, as shown in Figure 6.
Comparative example 1
(1) tetra- kinds of A, B, C, D different positive electrodes are fabricated to certain amount CR2025 type lithium ion button half-cell, so Battery is carried out with the pre-charge of 0.2C size to 4.2V voltage and with the current discharge of 0.2C size to 3.0V voltage afterwards.
(2) battery for being completed rate capability clips on charge and discharge fixture, is put into the high temperature oven of 60 DEG C of temperature 30min is stood, it, can then with the electric current progress constant-current charge of 0.2C size to 4.2V voltage, then with constant voltage floating charge 10000min Floating current-time graph is obtained, as a result as shown in Figure 7.
(3) constant-voltage phase after being completed, during obtaining tetra- kinds of battery floats of A, B, C, D in test software respectively Then charge specific capacity is averaged C respectivelya
(4) tetra- kinds of A, B, C, D different positive electrode floating charge specific capacities are compared, is unable to floating charge ratio between resolved materials The size of capacity.
Floating charge specific capacity data are directly proportional to lithium ion battery storage bulging rate, internal resistance increase rate respectively in Examples 1 and 2 Relationship inversely with lithium ion battery memory capacity conservation rate, capacity restoration rate illustrates with floating charge specific capacity under high temperature Get higher, cobalt dissolution it is further serious, positive electrode lattice damage aggravation, cathode material structure destroy produce gas increase, and anode with Oxidation reaction between electrolyte generates gas and increases, while there is more electrolyte chemical reaction substance on positive electrode surface, high Warm storage performance decline;
Comparative example 1 is unable to floating charge specific capacity C between resolved materialsaSize.
From above-described embodiment and comparative example it could be assumed that, in a certain range of control condition, positive material between batch There are linear relativities between the half-cell floating charge specific capacity and full battery high-temperature storage performance of material.
Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solution of the present invention., rather than its limitations;To the greatest extent Pipe present invention has been described in detail with reference to the aforementioned embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that: its according to So be possible to modify the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments, or to some or all of the technical features into Row equivalent replacement;And these are modified or replaceed, various embodiments of the present invention technology that it does not separate the essence of the corresponding technical solution The range of scheme.

Claims (3)

1. a kind of fast appraisement method of anode material of lithium battery high-temperature storage performance, it is characterised in that the following steps are included:
(1) positive electrode is fabricated to lithium ion button half-cell according to certain method, battery is carried out with I1The electric current of size It is charged to V in advance1Voltage, then with I2The current discharge of size is to V2Voltage, wherein 0.1C≤I1≤1C;4.3V≤V1≤4.8V; 0.1C≤I2≤1C;2.5V≤V2≤3.0V;
(2) battery for being completed rate capability clips on charge and discharge fixture, is put into T1T is stood in the high temperature oven of temperature1's Time, then with I3The electric current of size carries out constant-current charge to V3Voltage, then with constant voltage floating charge t2 Time, wherein 40 DEG C≤T1 ≤90℃;0min≤t1≤60min;0.1C≤I3≤2C;4.3V≤V3≤4.8V ;500min≤t2≤50000min;
(3) the constant-voltage phase charge specific capacity after being completed, during obtaining all battery floats in test software respectively C1, C2, C3…Cn, average value C is then calculateda=(C1+C2+C3+…+Cn)/n;
(4) C of different positive electrode measurements is comparedaThe size of value, CaIt is worth small positive electrode, high-temperature storage performance is good;CaValue is big Positive electrode, high-temperature storage performance is poor.
2. the fast appraisement method of anode material of lithium battery high-temperature storage performance according to claim 1, it is characterised in that step Suddenly I described in (1)1 、V1、 I2 、V2Respectively 0.1C≤I1≤ 0.5C, 4.4V≤V1≤ 4.6V, 0.1C≤I2≤ 0.5C, 2.7V≤V2≤3.0V。
3. the fast appraisement method of anode material of lithium battery high-temperature storage performance according to claim 1, it is characterised in that step Suddenly T described in (2)1、t1、I3、 V3、t2Respectively 45 DEG C≤T1≤ 80 DEG C, 15min≤t1≤ 45min, 0.1C≤I3≤ 1C, 4.4V≤V3≤ 4.6V, 2000min≤t2≤8000min。
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