CN108267693A - A kind of fast appraisement method of anode material of lithium battery high-temperature storage performance - Google Patents

A kind of fast appraisement method of anode material of lithium battery high-temperature storage performance Download PDF

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CN108267693A
CN108267693A CN201710028308.0A CN201710028308A CN108267693A CN 108267693 A CN108267693 A CN 108267693A CN 201710028308 A CN201710028308 A CN 201710028308A CN 108267693 A CN108267693 A CN 108267693A
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temperature storage
storage performance
battery
positive electrode
voltage
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CN108267693B (en
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于鹏
景燕
刘亚飞
陈彦彬
凡培红
崔健
雷雨
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Beijing Easpring Material Technology Co Ltd
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    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01RMEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
    • G01R31/00Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
    • G01R31/36Arrangements for testing, measuring or monitoring the electrical condition of accumulators or electric batteries, e.g. capacity or state of charge [SoC]
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Abstract

The present invention provides a kind of evaluation method of anode material for lithium-ion batteries high-temperature storage performance, and positive electrode is fabricated to lithium ion button half-cell by this method first, after carrying out preliminary filling activation, partial volume, carries out floating charge test to half-cell, obtains test result.The present invention can speculate performance of the positive electrode in the full battery high temperature storage performance of lithium ion by analyzing the test data of half-cell.The evaluation method is simple and practicable, of low cost, and the high-temperature storage performance for positive electrode provides a kind of quickly and effectively evaluation method.

Description

A kind of fast appraisement method of anode material of lithium battery high-temperature storage performance
Technical field
The present invention relates to the evaluation methods of secondary lithium battery positive electrode active materials, and in particular to a kind of secondary lithium-ion Cell positive material LiCoO2、LiMn2O4、LiNiCoMnO2Deng high-temperature storage performance test method.
Background technology
Lithium ion battery has many advantages, such as that platform voltage is high, energy density is high, light-weight, small, environmental pollution is small, Become current research hotspot.But during use the aerogenesis bulging phenomenon of lithium ion battery constrain to a certain degree lithium from The application range of sub- battery.Gas in lithium ion battery is mainly the change between positive and negative anodes and electrolyte at high operating temperatures Learn what reaction generated.At present, the method for test anode material for lithium-ion batteries high-temperature storage performance is mainly complete by making Soft Roll Battery is tested, and is completed high temperature storage test and is taken around 12 days.And it needs to test the battery before and after high temperature storage respectively The data such as voltage, thickness, internal resistance, capacity retention ratio and capacity restoration rate, are then handled and are compared to test data, so as to Analyze the high-temperature storage performance of different positive electrodes.Not only test period is long for this test method, and test step is complicated, and surveys The lithium ion battery negative material that ambient humidity variation and each producer use when test result is easily made by lithium ion battery The interference effect of the factors such as difference, there are a degree of uncertainties for test result.
Therefore, it is necessary to a kind of evaluation methods of quick judgement anode material for lithium-ion batteries high-temperature storage performance, are promoted and surveyed Try efficiency.
Invention content
To solve the above-mentioned problems, accelerate the accuracy and rapidity of positive electrode high-temperature storage performance evaluation, the present invention A kind of positive electrode high-temperature storage performance evaluation method is proposed, by the half-cell progress charge and discharge electrical measurement made of positive electrode Examination, shortens the high-temperature storage performance evaluation time of positive electrode to 5 days or so, and reduce evaluation procedure, improves testing efficiency;Separately Outside, lithium ion battery is eliminated to interfere using the unstability that different negative materials are brought.
To achieve the above object, the present invention puies forward a kind of evaluation method of anode material for lithium-ion batteries high-temperature storage performance, Include the following steps:
(1)Positive electrode is fabricated to lithium ion button half-cell according to certain method, battery is carried out with I1The electricity of size Stream is charged to V in advance1Voltage, then with I2The current discharge of size is to V2Voltage.Wherein 0.1C≤I1≤1C;4.3V≤V1≤4.8V; 0.1C≤I2≤1C;2.5V≤V2≤3.0V。
Preferably, 0.1C≤I1≤0.5C。
Preferably, 4.4V≤V1≤4.6V。
Preferably, 0.1C≤I2≤0.5C。
Preferably, 2.7V≤V2≤3.0V。
(2)The battery that rate capability is completed is clipped on charge and discharge fixture, is put into T1It is quiet in the high temperature oven of temperature Put t1Time, then with I3The electric current of size carries out constant-current charge to V3Voltage, then with constant voltage floating charge t2 Time.Wherein 40 ℃≤T1≤90℃;0min≤t1≤60min;0.1C≤I3≤2C;4.3V≤V3≤4.8V ;500min≤t2≤50000min。
Preferably, 45 DEG C≤T1≤80℃。
Preferably, 15min≤t1≤45min。
Preferably, 0.1C≤I3≤1C。
Preferably, 4.4V≤V3≤4.6V。
Preferably, 2000min≤t2≤8000min。
(3)After being completed, the constant-voltage phase charge ratio during all battery floats is obtained respectively from test software Capacity C1, C2, C3…Cn, average value C is then calculateda=(C1+C2+C3+…+Cn)/n.
(4)Compare the C that different positive electrodes measureaThe size of value.CaIt is worth small positive electrode, high-temperature storage performance is good;Ca It is worth big positive electrode, high-temperature storage performance is poor.
According to the relationship of floating charge specific capacity and transition metal stripping quantity, transition gold during lithium ion battery half-cell high-temperature floating-charge The mathematical model for belonging to stripping quantity and capacity is as follows:
M=A*Ca/K
Wherein, M be floating charge when positive electrode in transition metal stripping quantity, CaFor floating charge Average specific capacities, A and K are constant.
According to the relationship of electrolyte gas production in transition metal stripping quantity and lithium ion battery, high-temperature lithium ion battery is established It is as follows to store gas production deduction mathematical model:
V=Z*E*MCo
Wherein, V is gas production rate inside lithium ion battery, and Z and E are constant.
By MCo=A*Ca/ K substitutes into above-mentioned formula, and it is as follows to show that gas production deduces mathematical model:
V/ Ca=Z*E* A/K
It can be seen that from the formula except gas production V and floating charge specific capacity CaNumerical value Z, E, A, K in addition is constant, thus lithium The full battery high-temperature storage gas production V of ion and lithium ion half-cell high-temperature floating-charge capacity CaLinear correspondence, with anode material Expect the wired sexual intercourse of lattice stability.
Lithium ion half-cell high-temperature floating-charge specific capacity CaCharacterization is the lattice stability of positive electrode at high temperature, with electricity Bulging rate, internal resistance increase rate, high temperature storage capacity retention ratio, the high temperature storage capacity restoration rate in pond have direct linear relationship. Therefore only need to compare the lithium ion half-cell floating charge capacity data of test, it can speculate height between different positive electrodes The difference of warm storage performance.
Beneficial effects of the present invention:It only needs to fill positive electrode progress high-temperature floating-charge using lithium ion button half-cell Electricity, and can speculate according to floating charge volume test data the difference of high-temperature storage performance between different positive electrodes, the evaluation Method is simple and practicable, of low cost, and evaluation speed is fast.The interference of conventional test methodologies negative material is avoided simultaneously, is contracted significantly Short positive electrode high-temperature storage performance evaluation time.
Description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the floating charge time current curve figure of embodiment 1.
Fig. 2 is the floating charge specific capacity of embodiment 1 and lithium battery high temperature storage bulging rate relational graph.
Fig. 3 is the floating charge specific capacity of embodiment 1 and lithium battery high temperature storage internal resistance increase rate relational graph.
Fig. 4 is the floating charge specific capacity of embodiment 1 and lithium battery high temperature storage capacity retention ratio relational graph.
Fig. 5 is the floating charge specific capacity of embodiment 1 and lithium battery high temperature storage capacity restoration rate relational graph.
Fig. 6 is the floating charge specific capacity of embodiment 2 and lithium battery high temperature storage bulging rate relational graph.
Fig. 7 is the floating charge time current curve figure of comparative example 1.
Specific embodiment
The present invention is described in further detail below in conjunction with specific embodiment.
Test method is described as follows.
The assembling of type button half-cell:
According to positive electrode, conductive carbon black, PVDF=95%:2.5%:2.5% mass ratio weighs quantitative material, and it is fixed that PVDF is dissolved in It measures in NMP, adds in positive electrode and conductive agent, be put into blender and stir 30min, above-mentioned material is uniformly mixed, make It is made uniform anode sizing agent.The anode sizing agent made is coated uniformly on aluminium foil and is fabricated to pole piece, in 120 DEG C of baking ovens Drying, it is for use to be fabricated to positive plate;Positive plate and diaphragm, lithium piece, electrolyte etc. are assembled into CR2025 type button half-cells.
The full battery Integration Assembly And Checkout of type Soft Roll:
Lithium electricity positive electrode is made into soft-package battery, thickness 5mm, width 30mm, length 48mm, the battery is with about The capacity of 600mAh.
1. the making of anode
Positive electrode powder after 970g is coated, 15g Super-P, 15g PVDF and 380g NMP are uniformly mixed, are modulated into Anode sizing agent.The slurry is applied on aluminium foil, it is dry.Obtained anode plate is cut, is rolled.
2. the making of cathode
By 950g Delaniums, 13g Super-P, 14g CMC, 46g SBR solution and 1200g deionized waters are uniformly mixed, and are adjusted Negative electrode slurry is made.The slurry is applied on copper foil, it is dry.Obtained negative plates are cut, are rolled.
3. the assembling of battery
Anode plate and negative plates soldering polar ear, and fix lug with high temperature gummed tape.Diaphragm is added in, winding, compacting are put into soft In alclad plastic film.After sealing, electrolyte is injected, then is stood, preliminary filling, secondary sealing and partial volume.
4. high temperature storage is tested:
Volume test work step before 4.1 high temperature storages:
(1)Constant-current constant-voltage charging:0.2CmA(Final voltage 4.4V terminates electric current 0.02CmA)
(2)It stands:10 minutes
(3)Constant-current discharge:0.2CmA(Final voltage 3.0V)
(4)It stands:10 minutes
(5)Constant-current constant-voltage charging:0.5CmA(Final voltage 4.4V terminates electric current 0.02CmA)
(6)It stands:10 minutes
(7)Constant-current discharge:0.5CmA(Final voltage 3.0V)
(8)It stands:10 minutes
(9)Constant-current constant-voltage charging:0.5CmA(Final voltage 4.4V terminates electric current 0.02CmA)
4.2 pairs of batteries carry out voltage, thickness, inner walkway, and record data;
4.3 are put into battery voltage, internal resistance, thickness, the capacity for after standing a period of time, taking out and testing battery in high temperature oven The information such as conservation rate and capacity restoration rate.
Volume test work step after 4.4 high temperature storages:
(1)Constant-current discharge:0.5CmA(Final voltage 3.0V)
(2)It stands:10 minutes
(3)Constant-current constant-voltage charging:0.5CmA(Final voltage 4.4V terminates electric current 0.02CmA)
(4)It stands:10 minutes
(5)The first step is returned to start the cycle over 6 times
Embodiment 1
(1)CR2025 type lithium ion button half-cells are respectively prepared in the different positive electrodes of tetra- kinds of A, B, C, D, battery is carried out with The pre-charge of 0.2C sizes is to 4.45V voltages, then with the current discharge of 0.2C sizes to 3.0V voltages.
(2)The battery that rate capability is completed is clipped on charge and discharge fixture, is put into the high temperature oven of 60 DEG C of temperature 30min is stood, constant-current charge is then carried out to 4.45V voltages with the electric current of 0.2C sizes, then with constant voltage floating charge 3000min, it can Obtain floating current-time graph, the result is shown in Figure 1.
(3)After being completed, the constant-voltage phase during tetra- kinds of battery floats of A, B, C, D is obtained respectively from test software Then charge specific capacity is averaged C respectivelya, the results are shown in Table 1.
(4)Compare the different positive electrode floating charge specific capacity C of tetra- kinds of A, B, C, DaSize, CaSmall positive electrode, it is high gentle It is good to store up performance;CaIt is worth big positive electrode, high-temperature storage performance is poor.
A, B, C, D material button half-cell floating charge specific capacity evaluation data of 1 embodiment 1 of table
It is verified and is compared with full battery high-temperature storage performance test result below:
A, the 053048 full battery of type Soft Roll is made in the different positive electrodes of tetra- kinds of B, C, D, battery is carried out after partial volume voltage, thickness, Internal resistance, volume test and summary record data, the results are shown in Table 2, then carry out high temperature storage test, and test the electricity after storage The data such as pressure, thickness, internal resistance, capacity, the results are shown in Table 3, calculate cell thickness change rate in test process, internal resistance increase rate, Capacity retention ratio, capacity restoration rate, the results are shown in Table 4.
Data record before the full battery high-temperature storage of lithium ion of 2 embodiment 1 of table
Test data after the full battery high-temperature storage of lithium ion of 3 embodiment 1 of table
Test data after the full battery high-temperature storage of lithium ion of 4 embodiment 1 of table
The storage bulging rate of the floating charge specific capacity of embodiment 1 and full battery is made into linear relationship chart, as shown in Figure 2;
The internal resistance increase rate of the floating charge specific capacity of embodiment 1 and full battery is made into linear relationship chart, as shown in Figure 3;
The capacity retention ratio of the floating charge specific capacity of embodiment 1 and full battery is made into linear relationship chart, as shown in Figure 4;
The capacity restoration rate of the floating charge specific capacity of embodiment 1 and full battery is made into linear relationship chart, as shown in Figure 5.
Embodiment 2
(1)CR2025 type lithium ion button half-cells are respectively prepared in the different positive electrodes of tetra- kinds of A, B, C, D, battery is carried out with The pre-charge of 0.2C sizes is to 4.6V voltages, then with the current discharge of 0.2C sizes to 3.0V voltages.
(2)The battery that rate capability is completed is clipped on charge and discharge fixture, is put into the high temperature oven of 50 DEG C of temperature 30min is stood, constant-current charge is then carried out to 4.6V voltages with the electric current of 0.2C sizes, then with constant voltage floating charge 2000min.
(3)After being completed, the constant-voltage phase during tetra- kinds of battery floats of A, B, C, D is obtained respectively from test software Then charge specific capacity is averaged C respectivelya
(4)Compare the different positive electrode floating charge specific capacity C of tetra- kinds of A, B, C, DaThe size of value, CaIt is worth small positive electrode, it is high Warm storage performance is good;CaIt is worth big positive electrode, high-temperature storage performance is poor.
It is verified and is compared with full battery high-temperature storage performance test result below:
A, the test data in the full battery data reference embodiment 1 of the different positive electrodes of tetra- kinds of B, C, D.
The storage bulging rate of the floating charge specific capacity of embodiment 2 and full battery is made into linear relationship chart, as shown in Figure 6.
Comparative example 1
(1)Tetra- kinds of different positive electrodes of A, B, C, D are fabricated to certain amount CR2025 type lithium ion button half-cells, it is then right Battery is carried out with the pre-charge of 0.2C sizes to 4.2V voltages and with the current discharge of 0.2C sizes to 3.0V voltages.
(2)The battery that rate capability is completed is clipped on charge and discharge fixture, is put into the high temperature oven of 60 DEG C of temperature 30min is stood, constant-current charge is then carried out to 4.2V voltages with the electric current of 0.2C sizes, then with constant voltage floating charge 10000min, it can Floating current-time graph is obtained, the results are shown in Figure 5.
(3)After being completed, the constant-voltage phase during tetra- kinds of battery floats of A, B, C, D is obtained respectively from test software Then charge specific capacity is averaged C respectivelya
(4)Tetra- kinds of different positive electrode floating charge specific capacities of A, B, C, D are compared, it is impossible to floating charge ratio between resolved materials The size of capacity.
Floating charge specific capacity data are directly proportional to lithium ion battery storage bulging rate, internal resistance increase rate respectively in Examples 1 and 2 Relationship with lithium ion battery memory capacity conservation rate, capacity restoration rate inversely, illustrates with floating charge specific capacity under high temperature Increase, cobalt dissolution it is further serious, positive electrode lattice damage aggravation, cathode material structure destroy aerogenesis increase and anode with Oxidation reaction between electrolyte generates gas and increases, while there is more electrolyte chemical reaction substance on positive electrode surface, high Gentle storage hydraulic performance decline;
Comparative example 1 is unable to floating charge specific capacity C between resolved materialsaSize.
From above-described embodiment and comparative example it could be assumed that, in a certain range of control condition, anode material between batch There are linear relativities between the half-cell floating charge specific capacity of material and full battery high-temperature storage performance.
Finally it should be noted that:The above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solution of the present invention., rather than its limitations;To the greatest extent Pipe is described in detail the present invention with reference to foregoing embodiments, it will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that:Its according to Can so modify to the technical solution recorded in foregoing embodiments either to which part or all technical features into Row equivalent replacement;And these modifications or replacement, various embodiments of the present invention technology that it does not separate the essence of the corresponding technical solution The range of scheme.

Claims (3)

1. a kind of fast appraisement method of anode material of lithium battery high-temperature storage performance, it is characterised in that include the following steps:
(1)Positive electrode is fabricated to lithium ion button half-cell according to certain method, battery is carried out with I1The electric current of size It is charged to V in advance1Voltage, then with I2The current discharge of size is to V2Voltage, wherein 0.1C≤I1≤1C;4.3V≤V1≤4.8V; 0.1C≤I2≤1C;2.5V≤V2≤3.0V;
(2)The battery that rate capability is completed is clipped on charge and discharge fixture, is put into T1T is stood in the high temperature oven of temperature1's Time, then with I3The electric current of size carries out constant-current charge to V3Voltage, then with constant voltage floating charge t2 Time, 2. wherein 40 DEG C ≤T1≤90℃;0min≤t1≤60min;0.1C≤I3≤2C;4.3V≤V3≤4.8V ;500min≤t2≤50000min;
(3)After being completed, the constant-voltage phase charge specific capacity during all battery floats is obtained respectively from test software C1, C2, C3…Cn, average value C is then calculateda=(C1+C2+C3+…+Cn)/n;
(4)Compare the C that different positive electrodes measureaThe size of value, CaIt is worth small positive electrode, high-temperature storage performance is good;CaValue is big Positive electrode, high-temperature storage performance is poor.
2. the fast appraisement method of anode material of lithium battery high-temperature storage performance according to claim 1, it is characterised in that step Suddenly(1)The I1 、V1、 I2 、V2Respectively 0.1C≤I1≤ 0.5C, 4.4V≤V1≤ 4.6V, 0.1C≤I2≤ 0.5C, 2.7V≤V2≤3.0V。
3. the fast appraisement method of anode material of lithium battery high-temperature storage performance according to claim 1, it is characterised in that step Suddenly(2)The T1、t1、I3、 V3、t2Respectively 45 DEG C≤T1≤ 80 DEG C, 15min≤t1≤ 45min, 0.1C≤I3≤ 1C, 4.4V≤V3≤ 4.6V, 2000min≤t2≤8000min。
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CN111722120A (en) * 2020-06-04 2020-09-29 国联汽车动力电池研究院有限责任公司 Method and system for evaluating reversible lithium consumption of lithium ion battery
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CN112731174A (en) * 2020-12-25 2021-04-30 惠州市豪鹏科技有限公司 Method for evaluating full-charge and shallow-discharge performance of lithium battery positive electrode material
CN112858922A (en) * 2021-02-06 2021-05-28 苏州酷卡环保科技有限公司 Performance detection method of lithium ion battery

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