CN108264366A - 一种耐老化陶瓷绝缘子及其制备方法 - Google Patents

一种耐老化陶瓷绝缘子及其制备方法 Download PDF

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CN108264366A
CN108264366A CN201810158833.9A CN201810158833A CN108264366A CN 108264366 A CN108264366 A CN 108264366A CN 201810158833 A CN201810158833 A CN 201810158833A CN 108264366 A CN108264366 A CN 108264366A
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parts
ageing
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程劲松
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Hefei Still Strong Electric Technology Co Ltd
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种耐老化陶瓷绝缘子及其制备方法，涉及绝缘子技术领域，包括以下重量份计的原料：钾长石20‑32份、沸石15‑24份、云母25‑30份、高岭土8‑16份、环氧树脂15‑22份、有机硅10‑18份、陶瓷纤维10‑20份、二氧化锆6‑10份、硅酸钙7‑15份、纳米二氧化硅4‑10份、纳米二氧化钛4‑10份、纳米氮化硅3‑8份、硅烷偶联剂3‑6份、抗氧化剂3‑6份、防冻剂2‑5份、表面活性剂3‑6份；本发明绝缘子性质稳定，抗腐蚀性和抗老化性好，抗低温和抗高温性能好，具有很强的机械应力，制备方法简易，制造成本低，具有很好的市场应用前景。

Description

一种耐老化陶瓷绝缘子及其制备方法
技术领域
本发明涉及绝缘子技术领域，具体涉及一种耐老化陶瓷绝缘子及其制备方法。
背景技术
绝缘子是一种特殊的绝缘控件，能够在架空输电线路中起到重要作用。早年间绝缘子多用于电线杆，慢慢发展于高型高压电线连接塔的一端挂了很多盘状的绝缘体，它是为了增加爬电距离的，通常由玻璃或陶瓷制成。安装在不同电位的导体或导体与接地构件之间的能够耐受电压和机械应力作用的器件。绝缘子种类繁多，形状各异。不同类型绝缘子的结构和外形虽有较大差别，但都是由绝缘件和连接金具两大部分组成的。
现有技术中的绝缘子有树脂绝缘子和陶瓷绝缘子。树脂绝缘子虽然具有制备工艺简单，成型容易等优点，但是耐高温性和耐老化性能差；陶瓷绝缘子虽然具有良好的抗腐蚀性，但是制备工艺繁琐且制造成本高，从而限制了陶瓷绝缘子的发展。
发明内容
针对现有技术中存在的问题，本发明提供了一种耐老化陶瓷绝缘子及其制备方法，本发明绝缘子性质稳定，抗腐蚀性和抗老化性好，抗低温和抗高温性能好，具有很强的机械应力，制备方法简易，制造成本低，具有很好的市场应用前景。
为了达到上述目的，本发明通过以下技术方案来实现的：
一种耐老化陶瓷绝缘子，包括以下重量份计的原料：
钾长石20-32份、沸石15-24份、云母25-30份、高岭土8-16份、环氧树脂15-22份、有机硅10-18份、陶瓷纤维10-20份、二氧化锆6-10份、硅酸钙7-15份、纳米二氧化硅4-10份、纳米二氧化钛4-10份、纳米氮化硅3-8份、硅烷偶联剂3-6份、抗氧化剂3-6份、防冻剂2-5份、表面活性剂3-6份。
优选地，包括以下重量份计的原料：钾长石28份、沸石20份、云母27份、高岭土12份、环氧树脂18份、有机硅15份、陶瓷纤维15份、二氧化锆8份、硅酸钙11份、纳米二氧化硅7份、纳米二氧化钛8份、纳米氮化硅5份、硅烷偶联剂4.2份、抗氧化剂4.8份、防冻剂3.6份、表面活性剂4.5份。
优选地，所述硅烷偶联剂为乙烯基三乙氧基硅烷、乙烯基三甲氧基硅烷、3-氨丙基三甲氧基硅烷、γ-氨丙基三甲氧基硅烷和乙烯基三(β-甲氧基乙氧基)硅烷中一种或几种结合。
优选地，所述抗氧化剂为β-(3,5二叔丁基-4-羟基苯基)丙酸十八醇酯和三(2,4-二叔丁基苯基)亚磷酸脂按照质量比3:1混合组成。
优选地，所述防冻剂为亚硝酸盐、硝酸盐、碳酸盐和硫酸盐中的一种或几种混合。
优选地，所述表面活性剂为十二烷基硫酸钠、十二烷基硫酸铵、脂肪醇聚氧乙烯醚硫酸钠和脂肪醇聚氧乙烯醚硫酸铵中的一种或几种混合组成。
本发明中还公开了一种上述耐老化陶瓷绝缘子的制备方法，具体地，包括以下步骤：
(1)按照耐老化陶瓷绝缘子的配比称取各原料组分；
(2)将钾长石、沸石、云母、高岭土、陶瓷纤维、二氧化锆和硅酸钙混合投入球磨机中研磨至颗粒粒径为100-200目，即得混合物1；
(3)将环氧树脂、有机硅混合升温至400-600摄氏度进行混合熔融，得到混合物2备用；
(4)将混合物1、混合物2、纳米二氧化硅、纳米二氧化钛、纳米氮化硅、硅烷偶联剂、抗氧化剂、防冻剂、表面活性剂和适量的水混合，升温至300-500摄氏度，以1000-2000转/分钟，搅拌30-40分钟，即得混合物3；
(5)将混合物3筛出铁后，放入模具中，压制成料坯，将料坯在100-180摄氏度下进行干燥，即得生坯；
(6)将步骤(5)制得的生坯表面涂以釉层，然后对涂有釉层的生坯进行烧结，冷却后，即得所述耐老化陶瓷绝缘子。
优选地，所述步骤(4)中水的用量为20-30重量份。
优选地，所述步骤(6)中的烧结温度为1280-1450摄氏度。
本发明具有如下的有益效果：
(1)本发明绝缘子性质稳定，抗腐蚀性和抗老化性好，抗低温和抗高温性能好，具有很强的机械应力，制备方法简易，制造成本低，具有很好的市场应用前景。
(2)本发明原料中添加有环氧树脂，环氧树脂具有很强的胶粘性，添加到原料中，可以使原料中多种无机物紧密粘合在一起，增加了材料的致密性和紧固性，从而提高材料的抗机械冲击性。
(3)本发明原料中添加有陶瓷纤维，陶瓷纤维具有重量轻、耐高温、热稳定性好、导热率低、比热小及耐机械震动，添加到原料中可增强绝缘子的耐温性和机械应力。
(4)本发明原料中添加有硅烷偶联剂，硅烷偶联剂可以与材料中的无机物表面的分子作用形成共价键，起着材料中有机物质和无机物质相互连接的桥梁作用。
(5)本发明制备方法采用一体化烧制成型，制备方法简单，原料配制容易，易实现，制备而成的成品结构稳定、实用性高、绿色环保。
具体实施方式
下面结合实施例对本发明的具体实施方式作进一步描述，以下实施例仅用于更加清楚地说明本发明的技术方案，而不能以此来限制本发明的保护范围。
实施例1
一种耐老化陶瓷绝缘子，包括以下重量份计的原料：
钾长石20份、沸石15份、云母25份、高岭土8份、环氧树脂15份、有机硅10份、陶瓷纤维10份、二氧化锆6份、硅酸钙7份、纳米二氧化硅4份、纳米二氧化钛4份、纳米氮化硅3份、硅烷偶联剂3份、抗氧化剂3份、防冻剂2份、表面活性剂3份。
硅烷偶联剂为乙烯基三乙氧基硅烷和乙烯基三甲氧基硅烷按照质量比1:1混合组成。
抗氧化剂为β-(3,5二叔丁基-4-羟基苯基)丙酸十八醇酯和三(2,4-二叔丁基苯基)亚磷酸脂按照质量比3:1混合组成。
防冻剂为亚硝酸钙和硝酸钙混合组成。
表面活性剂为十二烷基硫酸钠和十二烷基硫酸铵按照质量比1:1混合组成。
本实施例中还公开了一种上述耐老化陶瓷绝缘子的制备方法，具体地，包括以下步骤：
(1)按照耐老化陶瓷绝缘子的配比称取各原料组分；
(2)将钾长石、沸石、云母、高岭土、陶瓷纤维、二氧化锆和硅酸钙混合投入球磨机中研磨至颗粒粒径为100目，即得混合物1；
(3)将环氧树脂、有机硅混合升温至400摄氏度进行混合熔融，得到混合物2备用；
(4)将混合物1、混合物2、纳米二氧化硅、纳米二氧化钛、纳米氮化硅、硅烷偶联剂、抗氧化剂、防冻剂、表面活性剂和适量的水混合，升温至300摄氏度，以1000转/分钟，搅拌30分钟，即得混合物3；
(5)将混合物3筛出铁后，放入模具中，压制成料坯，将料坯在100摄氏度下进行干燥，即得生坯；
(6)将步骤(5)制得的生坯表面涂以釉层，然后对涂有釉层的生坯进行烧结，冷却后，即得所述耐老化陶瓷绝缘子。
步骤(4)中水的用量为20重量份。
步骤(6)中的烧结温度为1280摄氏度。
实施例2
一种耐老化陶瓷绝缘子，包括以下重量份计的原料：
钾长石32份、沸石24份、云母30份、高岭土16份、环氧树脂22份、有机硅18份、陶瓷纤维20份、二氧化锆10份、硅酸钙15份、纳米二氧化硅10份、纳米二氧化钛10份、纳米氮化硅8份、硅烷偶联剂6份、抗氧化剂6份、防冻剂5份、表面活性剂6份。
硅烷偶联剂为3-氨丙基三甲氧基硅烷和γ-氨丙基三甲氧基硅烷按照质量比1:1混合组成。
抗氧化剂为β-(3,5二叔丁基-4-羟基苯基)丙酸十八醇酯和三(2,4-二叔丁基苯基)亚磷酸脂按照质量比3:1混合组成。
防冻剂为碳酸钠和硫酸钠按照质量比1:1混合组成。
表面活性剂为是脂肪醇聚氧乙烯醚硫酸钠和脂肪醇聚氧乙烯醚硫酸铵按照质量比1:1混合组成。
本实施例中还公开了一种上述耐老化陶瓷绝缘子的制备方法，具体地，包括以下步骤：
(1)按照耐老化陶瓷绝缘子的配比称取各原料组分；
(2)将钾长石、沸石、云母、高岭土、陶瓷纤维、二氧化锆和硅酸钙混合投入球磨机中研磨至颗粒粒径为200目，即得混合物1；
(3)将环氧树脂、有机硅混合升温至600摄氏度进行混合熔融，得到混合物2备用；
(4)将混合物1、混合物2、纳米二氧化硅、纳米二氧化钛、纳米氮化硅、硅烷偶联剂、抗氧化剂、防冻剂、表面活性剂和适量的水混合，升温至500摄氏度，以2000转/分钟，搅拌40分钟，即得混合物3；
(5)将混合物3筛出铁后，放入模具中，压制成料坯，将料坯在180摄氏度下进行干燥，即得生坯；
(6)将步骤(5)制得的生坯表面涂以釉层，然后对涂有釉层的生坯进行烧结，冷却后，即得所述耐老化陶瓷绝缘子。
步骤(4)中水的用量为30重量份。
步骤(6)中的烧结温度为1450摄氏度。
实施例3
一种耐老化陶瓷绝缘子，包括以下重量份计的原料：
钾长石28份、沸石20份、云母27份、高岭土12份、环氧树脂18份、有机硅15份、陶瓷纤维15份、二氧化锆8份、硅酸钙11份、纳米二氧化硅7份、纳米二氧化钛8份、纳米氮化硅5份、硅烷偶联剂4.2份、抗氧化剂4.8份、防冻剂3.6份、表面活性剂4.5份。
硅烷偶联剂为γ-氨丙基三甲氧基硅烷和乙烯基三(β-甲氧基乙氧基)硅烷按照质量比3:2混合组成。
抗氧化剂为β-(3,5二叔丁基-4-羟基苯基)丙酸十八醇酯和三(2,4-二叔丁基苯基)亚磷酸脂按照质量比3:1混合组成。
防冻剂为硝酸钙、碳酸钾和硫酸钙按照质量比1:1:1混合组成。
表面活性剂为十二烷基硫酸钠和脂肪醇聚氧乙烯醚硫酸钠按照质量比1:1混合组成。
本实施例中还公开了一种上述耐老化陶瓷绝缘子的制备方法，具体地，包括以下步骤：
(1)按照耐老化陶瓷绝缘子的配比称取各原料组分；
(2)将钾长石、沸石、云母、高岭土、陶瓷纤维、二氧化锆和硅酸钙混合投入球磨机中研磨至颗粒粒径为180目，即得混合物1；
(3)将环氧树脂、有机硅混合升温至500摄氏度进行混合熔融，得到混合物2备用；
(4)将混合物1、混合物2、纳米二氧化硅、纳米二氧化钛、纳米氮化硅、硅烷偶联剂、抗氧化剂、防冻剂、表面活性剂和适量的水混合，升温至420摄氏度，以1500转/分钟，搅拌35分钟，即得混合物3；
(5)将混合物3筛出铁后，放入模具中，压制成料坯，将料坯在150摄氏度下进行干燥，即得生坯；
(6)将步骤(5)制得的生坯表面涂以釉层，然后对涂有釉层的生坯进行烧结，冷却后，即得所述耐老化陶瓷绝缘子。
步骤(4)中水的用量为28重量份。
步骤(6)中的烧结温度为1360摄氏度。
以上所述仅为本发明的优选实施例而已，并不用于限制本发明，尽管参照前述实施例对本发明进行了详细的说明，对于本领域的技术人员来说，其依然可以对前述各实施例所记载的技术方案进行修改，或者对其中部分技术特征进行等同替换。凡在本发明的精神和原则之内，所作的任何修改、等同替换、改进等，均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。

Claims (9)

1.一种耐老化陶瓷绝缘子，其特征在于，包括以下按重量份计的原料：
钾长石20-32份、沸石15-24份、云母25-30份、高岭土8-16份、环氧树脂15-22份、有机硅10-18份、陶瓷纤维10-20份、二氧化锆6-10份、硅酸钙7-15份、纳米二氧化硅4-10份、纳米二氧化钛4-10份、纳米氮化硅3-8份、硅烷偶联剂3-6份、抗氧化剂3-6份、防冻剂2-5份、表面活性剂3-6份。
2.根据权利要求1所述的耐老化陶瓷绝缘子，其特征在于，包括以下重量份计的原料：钾长石28份、沸石20份、云母27份、高岭土12份、环氧树脂18份、有机硅15份、陶瓷纤维15份、二氧化锆8份、硅酸钙11份、纳米二氧化硅7份、纳米二氧化钛8份、纳米氮化硅5份、硅烷偶联剂4.2份、抗氧化剂4.8份、防冻剂3.6份、表面活性剂4.5份。
3.根据权利要求1所述的耐老化陶瓷绝缘子，其特征在于，所述硅烷偶联剂为乙烯基三乙氧基硅烷、乙烯基三甲氧基硅烷、3-氨丙基三甲氧基硅烷、γ-氨丙基三甲氧基硅烷和乙烯基三(β-甲氧基乙氧基)硅烷中一种或几种结合。
4.根据权利要求1所述的耐老化陶瓷绝缘子，其特征在于，所述抗氧化剂为β-(3,5二叔丁基-4-羟基苯基)丙酸十八醇酯和三(2,4-二叔丁基苯基)亚磷酸脂按照质量比3:1混合组成。
5.根据权利要求1所述的耐老化陶瓷绝缘子，其特征在于，所述防冻剂为亚硝酸盐、硝酸盐、碳酸盐和硫酸盐中的一种或几种混合。
6.根据权利要求7所述的耐老化陶瓷绝缘子，其特征在于，所述表面活性剂为十二烷基硫酸钠、十二烷基硫酸铵、脂肪醇聚氧乙烯醚硫酸钠和脂肪醇聚氧乙烯醚硫酸铵中的一种或几种混合组成。
7.一种如权利要求1-6任一项所述的耐老化陶瓷绝缘子的制备方法，其特征在于，包括以下步骤：
(1)按照耐老化陶瓷绝缘子的配比称取各原料组分；
(2)将钾长石、沸石、云母、高岭土、陶瓷纤维、二氧化锆和硅酸钙混合投入球磨机中研磨至颗粒粒径为100-200目，即得混合物1；
(3)将环氧树脂、有机硅混合升温至400-600摄氏度进行混合熔融，得到混合物2备用；
(4)将混合物1、混合物2、纳米二氧化硅、纳米二氧化钛、纳米氮化硅、硅烷偶联剂、抗氧化剂、防冻剂、表面活性剂和适量的水混合，升温至300-500摄氏度，以1000-2000转/分钟，搅拌30-40分钟，即得混合物3；
(5)将混合物3筛出铁后，放入模具中，压制成料坯，将料坯在100-180摄氏度下进行干燥，即得生坯；
(6)将步骤(5)制得的生坯表面涂以釉层，然后对涂有釉层的生坯进行烧结，冷却后，即得所述耐老化陶瓷绝缘子。
8.根据权利要求7所述的耐老化陶瓷绝缘子的制备方法，其特征在于，所述步骤(4)中水的用量为20-30重量份。
9.根据权利要求7所述的耐老化陶瓷绝缘子的制备方法，其特征在于，所述步骤(6)中的烧结温度为1280-1450摄氏度。
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