CN108256151B - Method for evaluating self-healing effect of internal cracks of cement-based material - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention relates to a method for evaluating the self-healing effect of internal cracks of a cement-based material, which comprises the following steps: (1) crack prefabrication and marking: prefabricating a crack by adopting an inserting method and/or a slicing method, and marking a cement-based material sample with the prefabricated crack; (2) and (5) maintenance: immersing the cement-based material sample with the prefabricated crack and the mark in water for curing; (3) and obtaining the internal crack healing area, the internal crack healing product surface coverage rate and/or the healing product volume of the mark position of the cement-based material sample after maintenance, so as to obtain evaluation index data representing the self-healing effect of the cement-based material and obtain the self-healing evaluation result of the corresponding cement-based material. Compared with the prior art, the method provided by the invention can be used for directly evaluating the self-healing effect of the internal crack of the cement-based material by testing the healing area of the internal crack, the surface coverage rate of the internal crack hydration product and the volume of the internal crack healing product, and has the advantages of strong directness, high accuracy and high innovation.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to an evaluation method, in particular to an evaluation method for self-healing effect of internal cracks of a cement-based material.
Background
In the case of concrete materials, whether reinforced concrete structures or concrete members of great thickness, cracks due to the effects of shrinkage and external loads are inevitable. The presence and continued propagation of cracks is responsible for the reduced strength of the concrete structure. Some micro cracks have little influence on strength, but can greatly increase the transmission performance of the structure, and can cause harmful substances to aggravate the damage to the structure, such as reinforcing steel bar corrosion caused by chloride ions and carbon dioxide. The cement-based material self-repairing system provides a new method for repairing the micro-cracks of the concrete matrix and effectively delaying potential hazards, the self-repairing system avoids the high cost required by effective monitoring and external repairing, and the safety and durability of the self-repairing system are greatly improved.
In order to evaluate the improvement of crack healing capability of cement-based materials, it is necessary to compare the performance of cement-based materials before and after self-healing. At present, a plurality of methods for characterizing the self-repairing of the cement-based material are available, such as strength recovery rate, permeability coefficient and acoustic emission method, however, the methods are all used for indirectly evaluating the self-repairing capability of the cement-based material crack and have the defect of insufficient accuracy. The most effective and direct characterization method for the healing effect of the cracked cement-based material is to measure the crack area, surface cracks are easy to observe, so that a plurality of people are researched, and internal cracks are not easy to observe and measure and are often ignored by people. The quality of the healing effect of the internal cracks is directly related to the quality of the mechanical property recovery and the stability of the healing product, so that research on the healing effect of the internal cracks is necessary. The present invention has been made in view of the above problems.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects in the prior art and provide a method for evaluating the self-healing effect of internal cracks of a cement-based material.
The purpose of the invention can be realized by the following technical scheme:
a method for evaluating the self-healing effect of internal cracks of a cement-based material comprises the following steps:
(1) crack prefabrication and marking:
prefabricating a crack by adopting an inserting method and/or a slicing method, and marking a cement-based material sample with the prefabricated crack;
(2) and (5) maintenance:
immersing the cement-based material sample with the prefabricated crack and the mark in water for curing;
(3) and obtaining the internal crack healing area, the internal crack healing product surface coverage rate and/or the healing product volume of the mark position of the cement-based material sample after maintenance, so as to obtain evaluation index data representing the self-healing effect of the cement-based material and obtain the self-healing evaluation result of the corresponding cement-based material.
According to the self-healing evaluation method, the healing effect of each cement-based material sample can be quantitatively analyzed by comparing the evaluation index data of the self-healing effect of different cement-based material samples under the same test condition, and particularly, the self-healing evaluation results of various self-healing cement-based materials can be quantitatively obtained by comparing the evaluation index data of different cements with the self-healing effect with the evaluation index data of a standard group (namely common cement).
Preferably, the specific process of the crack prefabrication by the insert method in the step (1) comprises the following steps:
when the cement-based material is formed, a sheet with a smooth surface is inserted into the cement-based material, and when the cement-based material is in a stage after initial setting and before final setting, the sheet is vertically pulled out of the cement-based material to form a sample with uniform crack width; then, vertically cutting the sample along the direction vertical to the crack, and marking and scribing lines at equal intervals along the direction vertical to the crack on the inner surface of the cut sample; and then, fixing the marked two cut samples together according to the original state, namely completing crack preparation and marking. The time for pulling out the sheet cannot be too early or too late, the sheet is brought out too early because the cement-based material is not yet coagulated, so that cracks are not uniformly formed, and the sheet is difficult to pull out too late.
More preferably, the spacing of the marks is 0.5-1.5 cm.
Preferably, the method for acquiring the healing area of the internal crack in the step (3) specifically comprises the following steps:
firstly, photographing a mark position of a prefabricated crack by using an insert method by using an optical microscope, controlling the position of the crack to be in the middle of a mark line during each photographing, and keeping the height and the magnification factor consistent during each photographing;
then, processing the photographed image into a two-dimensional image, extracting the healing area of each section of the mark in the two-dimensional image by using software, wherein the healing area of the internal crack is the quotient of the sum of the healing areas of all the marks and the total number of the marks, namely:
and S is ∑ S/n, wherein S is the healing area of the internal crack, ∑ S is the sum of the healing areas of all marks, and n is the total number of the marks.
Preferably, the specific process of the slicing method for preparing the crack in the step (1) is as follows:
and cutting the hardened and molded cement-based material sample, and marking round points at equal intervals on the center line of the cut surface of the sample in the vertical direction or marking a square by taking the center of the cut surface of the sample as a symmetrical center.
More preferably, the measuring process of the surface coverage rate of the internal fracture healing product in the step (3) is specifically as follows:
photographing the surface of a sample crack of a crack prefabricated by a slicing method by using an optical microscope, wherein the position of each photographing takes a marked round point as an imaging central point, and the photographing height of each time is consistent with the magnification;
then, the surface coverage area of the healing product in the photographed image is extracted, and the surface coverage rate P of the internal fracture healing product is (∑ M/a)/M, wherein P is the surface coverage rate of the internal fracture healing product, ∑ M is the sum of the surface coverage areas of the healing product at all marks of the internal fracture, a is the total number of the marks, and M is the area of the total area of a single picture.
More preferably, the dots of the indicia are spaced 0.5-1.5cm apart.
More preferably, the measuring process of the volume of the internal fracture healing product in the step (3) is specifically as follows:
taking a cured cement-based material sample prepared by a slicing method, extracting healing products on the surface of the sample, and then measuring the volume of the healing products, wherein the volume of the internal crack healing products is the ratio of the total volume of all the healing products to the total number of the extracted sliced samples, namely:
and V ∑ V/k, where V is the internal fracture healing product volume, ∑ V is the total volume of the healing product, and k is the total number of specimen surfaces extracted.
More preferably, the marked squares have sides that are 8/10-9/10 of the sides of the sample.
More preferably, the surface of the cut specimen is sanded to be smooth before marking. Specifically, the method comprises the steps of grinding with 240-mesh, 400-mesh, 800-mesh, 1200-mesh and 1500-mesh sand paper, wherein the grinding time of each sand paper is 10-15min, so that the surface of the ground slice is smooth enough, healing products can be accurately and easily extracted at the later stage, and the surface of a test block capable of extracting the healing products is 8 +/-2.
Preferably, in the step (2), when the cement-based sample enters water for maintenance, the crack direction is ensured to be vertical to the horizontal plane.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages:
the method has strong directness: there are many methods for characterizing the self-healing of a crack in a cement-based material, such as strength recovery, permeability coefficient, and acoustic emission methods, but the most direct and effective method is certainly the evaluation of the healing effect at the crack.
(II) the method has high accuracy: firstly, the healing effect of the internal crack can be quantitatively characterized, and secondly, the three indexes are mutually verified, so that the characterization result is more convincing.
(III) the method has high innovation: at present, no direct characterization method for the internal cracks exists, the internal crack healing effect is characterized by using three indexes of the internal crack healing area, the internal crack healing product surface coverage rate and the healing product volume, and the method has extremely high innovation.
And (IV) the method for evaluating the self-healing effect of the internal crack of the cement-based material can be widely applied to hydraulic and marine concrete structures and underground concrete structures. The method for evaluating the self-healing effect of the internal crack of the cement-based material has incomparable advantages compared with other methods, and has high accuracy, remarkable effect and good application prospect.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of the evaluation of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is an image of a reference group of cement-based material after pre-crack formation, marking and curing, and processing at different marking positions;
fig. 3 is an Image of the internal fracture healing product surface coverage of a mineral group cement-based material, wherein fig. 3a is a mineral group healing product surface coverage and fig. 3b is an Image after processing using Image-Pro plus6.0 software.
Detailed Description
A method for evaluating the self-healing effect of internal cracks of a cement-based material comprises the following steps:
(1) crack prefabrication and marking:
prefabricating a crack by adopting an inserting method and/or a slicing method, and marking a cement-based material sample with the prefabricated crack;
(2) and (5) maintenance:
immersing the cement-based material sample with the prefabricated crack and the mark in water for curing;
(3) and obtaining the internal crack healing area, the internal crack healing product surface coverage rate and/or the healing product volume of the mark position of the cement-based material sample after maintenance, so as to obtain evaluation index data representing the self-healing effect of the cement-based material and obtain the self-healing evaluation result of the corresponding cement-based material.
According to the self-healing evaluation method, the healing effect of each cement-based material sample can be quantitatively analyzed by comparing the evaluation index data of the self-healing effect of different cement-based material samples under the same test condition, and particularly, the self-healing evaluation results of various self-healing cement-based materials can be quantitatively obtained by comparing the evaluation index data of different cements with the self-healing effect with the evaluation index data of a standard group (namely common cement).
As a preferred embodiment of the scheme, the specific process of the crack prefabrication by the insert method in the step (1) comprises the following steps:
when the cement-based material is formed, a sheet with a smooth surface is inserted into the cement-based material, and when the cement-based material is in a stage after initial setting and before final setting, the sheet is vertically pulled out of the cement-based material to form a sample with uniform crack width; then, vertically cutting the sample along the direction vertical to the crack, and marking and scribing lines at equal intervals along the direction vertical to the crack on the inner surface of the cut sample; and then, fixing the marked two cut samples together according to the original state, namely completing crack preparation and marking.
More preferably, the spacing of the marks is 0.5-1.5 cm.
As a preferred embodiment of the above scheme, the method for obtaining the internal fracture healing area in step (3) is specifically as follows:
firstly, photographing a mark position of a prefabricated crack by using an insert method by using an optical microscope, controlling the position of the crack to be in the middle of a mark line during each photographing, and keeping the height and the magnification factor consistent during each photographing;
then, processing the photographed image into a two-dimensional image, extracting the healing area of each section of the mark in the two-dimensional image by using software, wherein the healing area of the internal crack is the quotient of the sum of the healing areas of all the marks and the total number of the marks, namely:
and S is ∑ S/n, wherein S is the healing area of the internal crack, ∑ S is the sum of the healing areas of all marks, and n is the total number of the marks.
As a preferred embodiment of the above scheme, the specific process of the slicing method for preparing the crack in the step (1) is as follows:
and cutting the hardened and molded cement-based material sample, and marking round points at equal intervals on the center line of the cut surface of the sample in the vertical direction or marking a square by taking the center of the cut surface of the sample as a symmetrical center. .
More preferably, the measuring process of the surface coverage rate of the internal fracture healing product in the step (3) is specifically as follows:
photographing the surface of a sample crack of a crack prefabricated by a slicing method by using an optical microscope, wherein the position of each photographing takes a marked round point as an imaging central point, and the photographing height of each time is consistent with the magnification;
then, the surface coverage area of the healing product in the photographed image is extracted, and the surface coverage rate P of the internal fracture healing product is (∑ M/a)/M, wherein P is the surface coverage rate of the internal fracture healing product, ∑ M is the sum of the surface coverage areas of the healing product at all marks of the internal fracture, a is the total number of the marks, and M is the area of the total area of a single picture.
More preferably, the dots of the indicia are spaced 0.5-1.5cm apart.
As a more preferred embodiment of the above scheme, the measuring process of the internal fracture healing product volume in the step (3) is specifically as follows:
taking a cured cement-based material sample prepared by a slicing method, extracting healing products on the surface of the sample, and then measuring the volume of the healing products, wherein the volume of the internal crack healing products is the ratio of the total volume of all the healing products to the total number of the extracted sliced samples, namely:
and V ∑ V/k, where V is the internal fracture healing product volume, ∑ V is the total volume of the healing product, and k is the total number of specimen surfaces extracted.
More preferably, the marked squares have sides that are 8/10-9/10 of the sides of the sample.
More preferably, the surface of the cut specimen is sanded to be smooth before marking. Specifically, the method comprises the steps of grinding with 240-mesh, 400-mesh, 800-mesh, 1200-mesh and 1500-mesh sand paper, wherein the grinding time of each sand paper is 10-15min, so that the surface of the ground slice is smooth enough, healing products can be accurately and easily extracted at the later stage, and the surface of a test block capable of extracting the healing products is 8 +/-2.
In a preferred embodiment of the above scheme, in the step (2), when the cement-based sample enters into water for curing, the crack direction is ensured to be vertical to the horizontal plane.
The invention is described in detail below with reference to the figures and specific embodiments.
Examples
The mineral admixture for crack self-healing of cement-based materials of the following examples, consisting of an expansive mineral component and a nuclear mineral component, was formulated as shown in Table 1.
Mixing the components listed in each row in the table 1 together to prepare a cement composition (cement and mineral admixture, the cement is P.O.52.5 cement) with a ratio of I-II, adding water accounting for 30% of the mass of the cement composition into the cement composition with the ratio of I-II, stirring, forming in a mould with the thickness of 70mm × 70mm × 70mm to obtain a cement-based material sample, wherein a part of the sample needs to be subjected to crack prefabrication by adopting an insert method in the forming process, the length of the insert is 8cm, the thickness of the insert is 0.5mm, demoulding is carried out after 24 hours, cutting along the direction vertical to a crack by using a cutting machine after the crack is prefabricated, marking perpendicular to the crack is carried out along the crack direction in the crack by using a sign pen, the interval between the two marks is 1.5cm, and the marks are 4 positions in total, then fixing the two test blocks together according to the original state, and placing the test blocks in an environment with the room temperature of 20 ℃ and the humidity of.
After the other part of the test sample is molded and demoulded, the test sample is also placed in an environment with the room temperature of 20 ℃ and the humidity of 45-55% for 7 days, cracks are prefabricated by a slicing method after 7 days, circular points are marked at the central line of the cut test block surface in the vertical direction, marking is carried out at intervals of 1cm, and 7 marked positions are counted;
and (3) after the third part of the sample is molded and demoulded, the third part of the sample is also placed in an environment with the room temperature of 20 ℃ and the humidity of 45-55% for 7 days, cracks are prefabricated by a slicing method after 7 days, a square is marked by taking the center of the cut surface of the sample as a symmetrical center, the side length of the marked square is 6/7 of the side length of the sample, and then the marked area is polished by using abrasive paper, so that 8 marked test block surfaces with smooth surfaces are obtained.
Finally, the plates are immersed in water for curing 28d, and the operation is continued according to the steps shown in FIG. 1.
TABLE 1 proportioning/% of cement compositions
Fig. 2 is a two-dimensional image of different marks after the cracks are prefabricated and the maintenance and the molding of the cement-based material of the reference group, fig. 2 a-2 d respectively show two-dimensional images of marks 1-4, as can be seen from fig. 2, white healing products at two ends of the crack opening can be clearly seen in the processed two-dimensional image, then the area of the white substance can be extracted by using software, and the specific result is shown in table 2.
Fig. 3 is an Image of the distribution of the healing products of the internal cracks of the mineral group, wherein fig. 3a is a surface coverage Image of the healing products of the mineral group, fig. 3b is an Image processed by using Image-Pro plus6.0 software, wherein a gray area is a surface coverage area of the healing products, as can be seen from fig. 3, after the treatment by the software, the coverage area of the healing products on the surface of the slice can be accurately extracted, the total area of the Image can be obtained, and then the surface coverage rate of the healing products can be calculated, and specific results are shown in table 3.
Tables 2 to 4 respectively show the calculation results of the internal crack healing area, the internal crack healing product surface coverage rate and the healing product volume, and it can be seen that the internal crack healing area of the sample doped with the mineral material is slightly lower than that of the reference group, but the internal crack healing product surface coverage rate and the healing product volume are far higher than those of the reference group, and the comprehensive analysis shows that the sample doped with the mineral material has a better internal crack healing effect.
TABLE 2 internal crack healing area/mm2
TABLE 3 internal crack healing product surface coverage%
TABLE 4 internal fracture healing product volume/mm3
The embodiments described above are described to facilitate an understanding and use of the invention by those skilled in the art. It will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications to these embodiments may be made, and the generic principles described herein may be applied to other embodiments without the use of the inventive faculty. Therefore, the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, and those skilled in the art should make improvements and modifications within the scope of the present invention based on the disclosure of the present invention.
Claims (5)
1. The method for evaluating the self-healing effect of the internal crack of the cement-based material is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
(1) crack prefabrication and marking:
prefabricating a crack by adopting an insertion method and a slicing method, and marking a cement-based material sample with the prefabricated crack;
(2) and (5) maintenance:
immersing the cement-based material sample with the prefabricated crack and the mark in water for curing;
(3) obtaining the internal crack healing area, the internal crack healing product surface coverage rate and the healing product volume of the mark position of the cement-based material sample after maintenance, obtaining evaluation index data representing the self-healing effect of the cement-based material, and obtaining the self-healing evaluation result of the corresponding cement-based material;
the specific process of prefabricating and marking the crack by the insert method in the step (1) comprises the following steps:
when the cement-based material is formed, a sheet with a smooth surface is inserted into the cement-based material in the direction vertical to a forming surface, and the sheet is slowly pulled out of the cement-based material vertically before the cement-based material is completely solidified, so that a sample with uniform crack width is formed; then, vertically cutting the sample along the direction vertical to the crack, and marking and scribing lines at equal intervals along the direction vertical to the crack on the inner surface of the cut sample; secondly, fixing the marked two cut samples together according to the original state, namely completing crack prefabrication and marking;
the method for acquiring the healing area of the internal crack in the step (3) specifically comprises the following steps:
firstly, photographing a mark position of a prefabricated crack by using an insert method by using an optical microscope, controlling the crack to be in the middle of a mark line during each photographing, and keeping the height and the magnification factor consistent during each photographing;
then, processing the photographed image into a two-dimensional image, extracting the healing area of each section of the mark in the two-dimensional image by using software, wherein the healing area of the internal crack is the quotient of the sum of the healing areas of all the marks and the total number of the marks, namely:
(ii) S ∑ S/n, wherein S is the internal fracture healing area, ∑ S is the sum of the healing areas at all markers, and n is the total number of markers;
the specific process of prefabricating the crack by the slicing method in the step (1) is as follows:
taking a hardened and molded cement-based material sample, cutting the sample along the center in the direction vertical to the molding surface, and marking round points at equal intervals on the center line in the vertical direction of the cut surface of the sample for the surface coverage rate test of a healing product; for the healing product volume test, a square is marked with the center of the surface of the cut sample as the center of symmetry;
the measuring process of the surface coverage rate of the internal crack healing product in the step (3) is specifically as follows:
taking a picture of the surface of the sample crack of the preserved pre-fabricated crack by adopting a slicing method by using an optical microscope, wherein the position of taking the picture at each time takes the marked round point as an imaging central point, and the height of taking the picture at each time is consistent with the magnification factor;
then, extracting the surface coverage area of the healing product in the photographed image, wherein the surface coverage rate P of the internal crack healing product is (∑ M/a)/M, wherein P is the surface coverage rate of the internal crack healing product, ∑ M is the sum of the surface coverage areas of the healing products at all marked positions of the internal crack, a is the total number of the marked positions, and M is the area of the total area of a single picture;
the measuring process of the volume of the internal crack healing product in the step (3) is specifically as follows:
taking a cured cement-based material sample prepared by a slicing method, extracting a healing product on the surface of the sample in the marked area, and then measuring the volume of the healing product, wherein the volume of the internal crack healing product is the ratio of the total volume of all the healing products to the total number of the extracted sliced samples, namely:
and V- ∑ V/k, wherein V is the internal fracture healing product volume, ∑ V is the total volume of the healing product, and k is the total number of section surfaces.
2. The method for evaluating the self-healing effect of the crack in the cement-based material according to claim 1, wherein the distance between the marks is 0.5-1.5 cm.
3. The method for evaluating the self-healing effect of the crack in the cement-based material as claimed in claim 1, wherein the pitch of the marked dots is 0.5-1.5 cm.
4. The method for evaluating the self-healing effect of the crack in the cement-based material according to claim 1, wherein the side length of the marked square is 8/10-9/10 of the side length of the sample;
the surface of the cut specimen was also sanded to a smooth finish prior to marking.
5. The method for evaluating the self-healing effect of the crack in the cement-based material according to claim 1, wherein in the step (2), when the cement-based sample enters water for curing, the direction of the crack is ensured to be vertical to the horizontal plane.
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| CN109521186A (en) * | 2018-11-30 | 2019-03-26 | 华南理工大学 | One kind probing into the dynamic (dynamical) test method of crack autogenous healing |
| CN109374870B (en) * | 2018-12-27 | 2024-03-29 | 中交武汉港湾工程设计研究院有限公司 | Method and device for evaluating repairing performance of cement-based self-repairing material |
| CN114577563A (en) * | 2022-02-11 | 2022-06-03 | 中国电建集团西北勘测设计研究院有限公司 | Self-healing concrete crack repair and inspection method |
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