CN108254413A - A kind of device and method for testing multiferroic liquid - Google Patents
A kind of device and method for testing multiferroic liquid Download PDFInfo
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- CN108254413A CN108254413A CN201810083337.1A CN201810083337A CN108254413A CN 108254413 A CN108254413 A CN 108254413A CN 201810083337 A CN201810083337 A CN 201810083337A CN 108254413 A CN108254413 A CN 108254413A
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- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 97
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 29
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- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 239000011810 insulating material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 230000005291 magnetic effect Effects 0.000 claims description 33
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 30
- 230000005684 electric field Effects 0.000 claims description 18
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 17
- 230000001808 coupling effect Effects 0.000 claims description 14
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- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 claims description 9
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- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 claims description 5
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- 238000010998 test method Methods 0.000 claims description 4
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- RLLPVAHGXHCWKJ-IEBWSBKVSA-N (3-phenoxyphenyl)methyl (1s,3s)-3-(2,2-dichloroethenyl)-2,2-dimethylcyclopropane-1-carboxylate Chemical compound CC1(C)[C@H](C=C(Cl)Cl)[C@@H]1C(=O)OCC1=CC=CC(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)=C1 RLLPVAHGXHCWKJ-IEBWSBKVSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N27/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
- G01N21/17—Systems in which incident light is modified in accordance with the properties of the material investigated
- G01N21/1717—Systems in which incident light is modified in accordance with the properties of the material investigated with a modulation of one or more physical properties of the sample during the optical investigation, e.g. electro-reflectance
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N27/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means
- G01N27/02—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means by investigating impedance
- G01N27/22—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means by investigating impedance by investigating capacitance
- G01N27/221—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means by investigating impedance by investigating capacitance by investigating the dielectric properties
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
- G01N21/17—Systems in which incident light is modified in accordance with the properties of the material investigated
- G01N21/1717—Systems in which incident light is modified in accordance with the properties of the material investigated with a modulation of one or more physical properties of the sample during the optical investigation, e.g. electro-reflectance
- G01N2021/1721—Electromodulation
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
- G01N21/17—Systems in which incident light is modified in accordance with the properties of the material investigated
- G01N21/1717—Systems in which incident light is modified in accordance with the properties of the material investigated with a modulation of one or more physical properties of the sample during the optical investigation, e.g. electro-reflectance
- G01N2021/1727—Magnetomodulation
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
- G01N21/17—Systems in which incident light is modified in accordance with the properties of the material investigated
- G01N21/1717—Systems in which incident light is modified in accordance with the properties of the material investigated with a modulation of one or more physical properties of the sample during the optical investigation, e.g. electro-reflectance
- G01N2021/1731—Temperature modulation
Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of device and methods for testing multiferroic liquid.Device is included for containing the nonmagnetic, transparent of multiferroic liquid, container made of insulating materials, upper end, the lower end of the container are respectively equipped with electrode plate made of transparent, non-magnetic material, form the sealing to container upper end, lower end, connecting hole there are two being set on the electrode plate of the upper end of the container, an eradication edge is connected in each connecting hole respectively, standpipe made of non-magnetic material, each standpipe and being correspondingly connected between hole seals, wherein, a piece standpipe is used in multiferroic liquid injecting container, and another standpipe is used to discharge the air in container.Method includes：Step 1. tests preceding preparation；Step 2. test process.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to multi-ferroic material technical field, more particularly to a kind of device for testing multiferroic liquid and side
Method.
Background technology
With the fast development of electronics and information industry, large capacity, low energy consumption, high speed, high performance electronic component
Urgent demand proposes increasingly higher demands to material.Multi-iron material is (ferroelectricity, ferromagnetic as two or three basic iron
Property, ferroelasticity) multifunctional material that coexists, not only in the application field of single ferroelectric material, more in New Magnetic Field Controlled-electric transducer device
The fields such as part, spin electric device, novel information memory device show huge application prospect.
So-called ferroelectricity just refers to that certain crystal are in the state of spontaneous polarization, and with spontaneous polarization strength, one
In the range of constant temperature degree, spontaneous polarization dipole moment can change with the direction for applying electric field outside.The region of these spontaneous polarizations is known as electricity
Farmland, the polarization direction in each electricdomain is consistent, and the polarization direction of adjacent electricdomain is then different.From the point of view of macroscopically, entire crystal
It is non-polarised, is in neutrality.Under the action of an external electric field, the electricdomain expansion to polarize along direction of an electric field, polarization direction tend to outfield side
To arrangement, spontaneous polarization can do reversible rotation with external electric field, and this property is known as ferroelectricity, the same with ferromagnetic material, iron
Electric material can be used for information storage.Since ferroelectric material has excellent ferroelectricity, dielectric, pyroelectric, electro-optical characteristic, sound
The characteristics such as light characteristic, nonlinear optics, they are in ferroelectric memory, infrared detector, sensor, surface acoustic wave, integrated electro
There is very important application in terms of the solid-state devices such as device, capacitor, this has also greatly pushed ferroelectric material and ferroelectricity object
Research and development of science.Based on the Ferroelectric Random Access Memory of ferroelectric material due to the features such as its is non-volatile and reading speed is fast
And with huge application prospect.It is most hot that ferroelectric material and its application study have become Condensed Matter Physics, Solid State Electronics field
One of research topic of door.
So-called ferromagnetism refers to that in the presence of no external magnetic field material is also at spontaneous manetization state, and has
There is spontaneous magnetization.The region of spontaneous manetization is known as magnetic domain, and the direction of spontaneous manetization is consistent in same magnetic domain, but not
It is disorderly arranged with the direction of magnetization inside magnetic domain, therefore, magnetism is not shown macroscopically.When having externally-applied magnetic field, in magnetic domain
The direction of magnetization in portion tends to outer field direction arrangement, and magnetic material shows ferromagnetism.The form of expression that there are mainly two types of ferromagnetisms, one
Kind is ferromagnetism, and another kind is ferrimagnetism.In ferrimagnet, macroscopic magnetization is drawn by being collectively aligned for atomic magnetic moment
It rises, and there is the two kinds of atoms or ion that magnetic moment orientation is opposite but differs in size in ferrimagnetic material.Hysteresis loop
The macroscopic magnetization characteristic that ferrimagnet is shown under externally-applied magnetic field, simultaneous reactions magnetic domain with the variation of externally-applied magnetic field and
It turns to.When the paramagnetic phase transition of ferromagnet from high temperature phase ferromagnetic to low temperature, the critical temperature Tc of ferromagnetic phase transition is known as iron
Magnetic curie temperature.
So-called multiferroic liquid (or being multiferroic fluid) (Multiferroicfluids, Multiferroic
Liquid), do not mean that proper " liquid " Multiferroic materials, and refer to by grain size 10nm's or so
Particle with multiferroic is dispersed in base fluid (fluidcarrier), by adion (Charge repulsion) or in table
Face takes the colloidal dispersion of stabilization that long-chain molecule (position power) reaches anti-agglomeration and formed.Nanoparticle typically refers to have more iron
The nanoparticle or nano wire, base fluid of property are typically water, organic multiferroic liquid or aqueous organopolysiloxane.
For solid multi-iron material, more iron multiferroic liquid have following features：1st, multi-iron material have can
Mobility, form are amorphous；2nd, multiferroic particle due to having ferroelectricity and magnetism simultaneously, in electric field or magnetic field
Under effect, the particle with multiferroic can rotate, and due in multiferroic liquid, so its coercive field can compare
Small, due to Brownian movement, the steering under electric field or magnetic field is easier.3rd, under electric field or magnetic fields, solid-state multi-iron material
The orientation of middle electricdomain can only be along certain orientations close to direction of an electric field, might not be along direction of an electric field, and for ferroelectricity
For property multiferroic liquid, since ferromagnetic fine particles can be freely rotated in multiferroic liquid, the orientation of electricdomain can be with
Completely along direction of an electric field.
Although multiferroic liquid has ferroelectricity, ferromagnetism and mobility simultaneously, therefore perhaps can have many unique
Electricity, magnetics, hydrodynamics, optics and acoustic characteristic, but since multiferroic liquid has solid multi-ferroic material simultaneously
Magnetic electricity performance and the mobility with multiferroic liquid.Therefore, measuring the performance of multiferroic liquid not only needs to measure electrical property
It can, it is also necessary to magnetic performance is measured, it is also desirable to the mobility in view of multiferroic liquid.It is thus impossible to it indiscriminately imitates common solid
The measuring device of body material.However, its electrical property, magnetic property, optical can be tested by being not currently seen reported a kind of device
Energy and magnetoelectric effect.For this problem, herein, we have proposed several apparatus structures and test methods, are expected to
It is promoted and applies in terms of multiferroic fluent material test.
Invention content
It is an object of the invention to overcome the deficiencies of the prior art and provide a kind of device for testing multiferroic liquid and sides
Method.
The object of the present invention is achieved like this：
A kind of device for testing multiferroic liquid, the nonmagnetic, transparent of multiferroic liquid, insulating materials are contained including being used for
Manufactured container, upper end, the lower end of the container be respectively equipped with transparent, non-magnetic material made of electrode plate, formed to container
Upper end, the sealing of lower end are set on the electrode plate of the upper end of the container there are two connecting hole, and one is connected respectively in each connecting hole
Insulation, standpipe made of non-magnetic material, each standpipe and being correspondingly connected between hole seal, wherein, a standpipe is used for more iron
Property liquid injecting container in, another standpipe is used to discharge the air in container.
Preferably, the side setting of the electrode plate is for the journal stirrup of connecting wire, the upper end of the container, the branch of lower end
Ear is symmetrical arranged in the horizontal direction.
Preferably, the container is cylindrical.
Preferably, the standpipe is adhesively fixed in the connecting hole on container side wall, and the electrode plate is adhesively fixed on appearance
The upper end or lower end of device.
A kind of method for testing multiferroic liquid, including a kind of device for testing multiferroic liquid, test method includes：
Step 1. tests preceding preparation
Multiferroic liquid to be measured from a standpipe is injected, the gas in container is made to be discharged from another standpipe, works as position
When the liquid level of multiferroic liquid in two standpipes is higher than container, ensures there is no gas in container at this time, filled in container more
Iron liquid, multiferroic liquid contact simultaneously with two electrode plates, stop injection multiferroic liquid, block two standpipes, it is ensured that
Container seals；
Step 2. test process
Two electrode plates are wired to dielectric analysis instrument, measure the dielectricity of multiferroic liquid；
When two electrode plates are wired to dielectric analysis instrument, container is placed in and becomes middle benefit gas heating, measures more iron
Dielectric constant, the dielectric loss variation with temperature curve of property liquid；
Two electrode plates are wired to ferroelectricity analyzer, measure ferroelectric hysteresis loop, the electric leakage electricity of multiferroic liquid
Current density；
By two electrode plates by wire connecting power, the light transmission of multiferroic liquid under electric field action is measured, i.e. electricity
Optical coupling effect；Measure the magnetism of multiferroic liquid under electric field action, i.e. magnetoelectric effect；
Apply magnetic field to container, measure the electric property of liquid, i.e. magnetoelectric effect；The optical property of liquid is measured,
That is magneto-optic coupling effect；
Apply magnetic field when two electrode plates pass through wire connecting power, while to container, measure the saturating of multiferroic liquid
Optical property, i.e. magnetoelectricity optical coupling effect；
When two electrode plates pass through wire connecting power, while when applying magnetic field to container, then container is placed in alternating temperature
Middle heating, and measure the light transmission of multiferroic liquid, i.e. magnetoelectricity photo-thermal coupling effect；
Apply magnetic field, then container is placed in and becomes middle benefit gas when two electrode plates pass through wire connecting power, while to container
During heating, a standpipe is blocked, applies air pressure to another standpipe, changes the pressure of multiferroic liquid in container, and survey
Measure the light transmission of multiferroic liquid, i.e. magnetoelectricity light Thermal-mechanical Coupling effect.
Preferably, in step 1, two standpipes are blocked with rubber stopper or glue.
Preferably, the conducting wire is weldingly fixed on journal stirrup.
By adopting the above-described technical solution, the present invention has the advantages that：
The present invention contains multiferroic liquid using container, and container is made of nonmagnetic, transparent, insulating materials, container
Upper end, lower end are respectively equipped with electrode plate made of transparent material, can by container test multiferroic liquid magnetic property, electrically
Energy, optical property (such as projection of light), the various coupling performances of multiferroic liquid can also easily be measured by passing through the present invention.
It is not influenced by air pressure, hydraulic pressure during present invention injection multiferroic liquid, is more prone to when injecting multiferroic liquid.
Description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the structural diagram of the present invention.
Reference numeral
In attached drawing, 1 is container, and 2 be standpipe, and 3 be electrode plate, and 4 be journal stirrup, and 5 be conducting wire.
Specific embodiment
Referring to Fig. 1, a kind of device for testing multiferroic liquid, including be used to containing multiferroic liquid it is nonmagnetic, transparent,
Container made of insulating materials, the container is cylindrical, it is of course also possible to be other shapes, such as rectangular.Why require
Insulation is because measuring electric property, for example when dielectric properties, electric conductivity, needs to install in the top and bottom of container
Electrode plate.It can ensure that power-on and power-off pole plate is not short-circuited if container insulation at this time；Certainly, if measure translucency,
There is no need to electrode plates；It is transparent, it is desirable to observe the state of receptacle in real time.Container cannot be too high, in the present embodiment,
In 1cm hereinafter, if container is too high, error is very big when measuring magnetic；In addition, if too high, measure each under electric field action
When kind performance change, need to apply very high voltage.Upper end, the lower end of the container be respectively equipped with it is transparent, conductive, without magnetic
Property circular electrode plates made of material (such as transparent conducting glass, ITO, FTO etc.), the diameter of circular electrode plates, which is more than or equal to, to be held
The internal diameter of device forms the sealing to container upper end, lower end.Why need electrode plate transparent, be to consider to measure translucency
When need；Only so needing electrode plate, measurement electric property is allowed for.Why need nonmagnetic, allow for survey
When amount is magnetic, electrode plate will not generate additional magnetic signal.If only measuring one of which performance, without so more
It is required that.In the present embodiment, the electrode plate is adhesively fixed on the upper end or lower end of container.Certainly, electrode plate can also be other
Shape, such as square.If circle, advantage is exactly that edge effect is weaker, if not circle, is then just had in edges and corners
Larger electric field easily generates electric discharge, punch-through.
It being set on the electrode plate of the upper end of the container there are two connecting hole, in the present embodiment, connection bore dia is less than 5mm,
Being advisable with not influence electrode plate, (diameter is the smaller the better, but cannot be less than 35 μm, otherwise can not install standpipe, is also unfavorable for more iron
The loading of property liquid).An eradication edge is connected in each connecting hole respectively, standpipe made of non-magnetic material, each standpipe and corresponding connected
Connect sealing between hole (it is required that：Standpipe cannot go deep into inside cylindrical chamber, and diameter is small), in the present embodiment, each standpipe with it is right
It answers and is sealed with insulating silicon glue bond between connecting hole, wherein, a standpipe is another for multiferroic liquid injection to be entered in container
Root standpipe is used to discharge the air in container.
The side setting of the electrode plate is for the journal stirrup of connecting wire, and the upper end of the container, the journal stirrup of lower end are in water
Square to be symmetrical arranged, to avoid when line by two circular electrode plates short circuits.
A kind of method for testing multiferroic liquid, including a kind of device for testing multiferroic liquid, test method includes：
Step 1. tests preceding preparation
Multiferroic liquid to be measured from a standpipe is injected, the gas in container is made to be discharged from another standpipe, works as position
When the liquid level of multiferroic liquid in two standpipes is higher than container, ensures there is no gas in container at this time, filled in container more
Iron liquid, multiferroic liquid contact simultaneously with two electrode plates, stop injection multiferroic liquid, block two standpipes, it is ensured that
Container seals；Conducting wire is weldingly fixed on journal stirrup.
Step 2. test process
Two electrode plates are wired to dielectric analysis instrument, measure the dielectricity of multiferroic liquid；
When two electrode plates are wired to dielectric analysis instrument, container is placed in and becomes middle benefit gas heating, measures more iron
Dielectric constant, the dielectric loss variation with temperature curve of property liquid；
Two electrode plates are wired to ferroelectricity analyzer, measure ferroelectric hysteresis loop, the electric leakage electricity of multiferroic liquid
Current density；
By two electrode plates by wire connecting power, the light transmission of multiferroic liquid under electric field action is measured, i.e. electricity
Optical coupling effect；Measure the magnetism of multiferroic liquid under electric field action, i.e. magnetoelectric effect；
Apply magnetic field to container, measure the electric property of liquid, i.e. magnetoelectric effect；The optical property of liquid is measured,
That is magneto-optic coupling effect；
Apply magnetic field when two electrode plates pass through wire connecting power, while to container, measure the saturating of multiferroic liquid
Optical property, i.e. magnetoelectricity optical coupling effect；
When two electrode plates pass through wire connecting power, while when applying magnetic field to container, then container is placed in alternating temperature
Middle heating, and measure the light transmission of multiferroic liquid, i.e. magnetoelectricity photo-thermal coupling effect；
Apply magnetic field, then container is placed in and becomes middle benefit gas when two electrode plates pass through wire connecting power, while to container
During heating, a standpipe is blocked, applies air pressure to another standpipe, changes the pressure of multiferroic liquid in container, and survey
Measure the light transmission of multiferroic liquid, i.e. magnetoelectricity light Thermal-mechanical Coupling effect.
Finally illustrate, preferred embodiment above is merely illustrative of the technical solution of the present invention and unrestricted, although logical
It crosses above preferred embodiment the present invention is described in detail, however, those skilled in the art should understand that, can be
Various changes are made to it in form and in details, without departing from claims of the present invention limited range.
Claims (7)
1. a kind of device for testing multiferroic liquid, which is characterized in that contain the nonmagnetic, saturating of multiferroic liquid including being used for
Container made of bright, insulating materials, upper end, the lower end of the container are respectively equipped with electrode plate made of transparent, non-magnetic material,
The sealing to container upper end, lower end is formed, is set on the electrode plate of the upper end of the container there are two connecting hole, each connecting hole is interior to be divided
One it Lian Jie not thoroughly do away with edge, standpipe made of non-magnetic material, each standpipe and being correspondingly connected between hole seals, wherein, a standpipe
For by multiferroic liquid injecting container, another standpipe to be used to discharge the air in container.
A kind of 2. device for testing multiferroic liquid according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the side of the electrode plate
For the journal stirrup of connecting wire, the upper end of the container, the journal stirrup of lower end are symmetrical arranged in the horizontal direction for setting.
3. a kind of device for testing multiferroic liquid according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the container is in pipe
Shape.
4. a kind of device for testing multiferroic liquid according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the standpipe is adhesively fixed
In connecting hole on container side wall, the electrode plate is adhesively fixed on the upper end or lower end of container.
A kind of 5. method for testing multiferroic liquid, which is characterized in that more including a kind of any tests of claim 1-4
The device of iron liquid, test method include：
Step 1. tests preceding preparation
Multiferroic liquid to be measured from a standpipe is injected, the gas in container is made to be discharged from another standpipe, when positioned at two
When the liquid level of multiferroic liquid in root standpipe is higher than container, ensures there is no gas in container at this time, multiferroic is filled in container
Liquid, multiferroic liquid contact simultaneously with two electrode plates, stop injection multiferroic liquid, block two standpipes, it is ensured that container
Sealing；
Step 2. test process
Two electrode plates are wired to dielectric analysis instrument, measure the dielectricity of multiferroic liquid；
When two electrode plates are wired to dielectric analysis instrument, container is placed in and becomes middle benefit gas heating, measures multiferroic liquid
Dielectric constant, the dielectric loss variation with temperature curve of body；
Two electrode plates are wired to ferroelectricity analyzer, ferroelectric hysteresis loop, the leakage current for measuring multiferroic liquid are close
Degree；
By two electrode plates by wire connecting power, the light transmission of multiferroic liquid under electric field action, i.e. electric light coupling are measured
Close effect；Measure the magnetism of multiferroic liquid under electric field action, i.e. magnetoelectric effect；
Apply magnetic field to container, measure the electric property of liquid, i.e. magnetoelectric effect；Measure the optical property of liquid, i.e. magnetic
Optical coupling effect；
Apply magnetic field when two electrode plates pass through wire connecting power, while to container, measure the translucency of multiferroic liquid
Energy, i.e. magnetoelectricity optical coupling effect；
When two electrode plates pass through wire connecting power, at the same to container apply magnetic field when, then by container be placed in become middle benefit gas add
Heat, and measure the light transmission of multiferroic liquid, i.e. magnetoelectricity photo-thermal coupling effect；
Apply magnetic field, then container is placed in and becomes middle benefit gas heating when two electrode plates pass through wire connecting power, while to container
When, a standpipe is blocked, applies air pressure to another standpipe, changes the pressure of multiferroic liquid in container, and measure more
The light transmission of iron liquid, i.e. magnetoelectricity light Thermal-mechanical Coupling effect.
6. a kind of method for testing multiferroic liquid according to claim 5, which is characterized in that in step 1, use rubber stopper
Or glue blocks two standpipes.
7. a kind of method for testing multiferroic liquid according to claim 5, which is characterized in that the conducting wire is welded and fixed
On journal stirrup.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201810083337.1A CN108254413B (en) | 2018-01-29 | 2018-01-29 | Device and method for testing multiferroic liquid |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201810083337.1A CN108254413B (en) | 2018-01-29 | 2018-01-29 | Device and method for testing multiferroic liquid |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN108254413A true CN108254413A (en) | 2018-07-06 |
| CN108254413B CN108254413B (en) | 2023-10-27 |
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