CN105006329A - Multiferroic liquid and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Multiferroic liquid and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title abstract description 14
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- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 description 14
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 9
- 239000002243 precursor Substances 0.000 description 9
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- 229910052797 bismuth Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
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- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 description 2
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Abstract
The invention discloses a multiferroic liquid and a preparation method thereof, for solving the defects that a solid-state multiferroic material is large in coercive force, cannot be structurally changed once being formed, is low in magneto-electric coupling effect and is easily broken down by voltages. The multiferroic liquid is internally provided with a magnetic material, the outer surface of the magnetic material is wrapped by a ferroelectric material, nanometer particles with magneto-electric core shell structures are uniformly dispersed in a mixed liquid of a base solution and a surfactant, and a stable suspending liquid is formed in such a way. The multiferroic liquid has ferroelectricity and magnetism, also has fluidity and is quite small in coercive force. The length and the thickness of a nanometer chain composed of the nanometer particles in the multiferroic liquid can be adjsuted by applying different electric fields or magnetic fields to the multiferroic liquid according to needs, and accordingly, the electrical property, the magnetic property, the hydrodynamic property, the optical property and the acoustic property of the multiferroic liquid are adjusted. The invention brings forward the concept of the multiferroic liquid for the first time ever, and also provides the preparation method, expanding a new research direction for research on a multiferroic material.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to multi-ferroic material field, be specifically related to a kind of multiferroic liquid and preparation method thereof.
Background technology
The Schmid of Switzerland in 1994 clearly proposes this concept of multi-ferroic material, multi-ferroic material (mutliferroic) refer to material same mutually in comprise the key property of two kinds and two or more iron, the key property of these iron comprises ferroelectricity (anti-ferroelectricity), ferromagnetism (antiferromagnetism, ferrimagnetism) and ferroelasticity.There is spontaneous polarization sequence and spin sequence at a certain temperature in this kind of material simultaneously, the magnetoelectric effect caused is there is just while them, multiferroic is made to have some special physical property, cause some newly, significant physical phenomenons, as: produce electric polarization or induction ferroelectric phase transition under the influence of a magnetic field; Magnetic field or induction ferromagnetic phase transition is produced under electric field action; Near Curie temperature ferromagnetic phase transition point, produce the sudden change of dielectric constant, multi-ferroic material has become the current focus studied in the world.
The same with ferromagnetic material, ferroelectric material also may be used for information and stores.Because ferroelectric material has excellent ferroelectric, the characteristic such as dielectric, pyroelectric, electro-optical characteristic, acousto-optic performance, nonlinear optics, they have very important application in the solid state device such as ferroelectric memory, Infrared Detectors, transducer, surface acoustic wave, integrated optoelectronic device, capacitor, and this has also greatly promoted the research and development of ferroelectric material and feroelectronics.Ferroelectric Random Access Memory based on ferroelectric material has huge application prospect due to features such as its non-volatile and reading speed are fast.Ferroelectric material and application study thereof have become one of Condensed Matter Physics, research topic that solid electronics field is the most popular.
There is at present ferroelectric order and the orderly material of magnetic is also few simultaneously, typically have bismuth ferrite (BiFeO
3, be called for short BFO), mangaic acid bismuth (BiMnO
3, be called for short BMO), sieve breath salt (NaKC
4h
4o
6.4H
2o), BaFe
12o
19deng.And the multi-ferroic material of research is at present all solid-state, comprises multiferroic pottery, multiferroic film, multiferroic monocrystalline etc.There is at present ferroelectric order simultaneously and the orderly single-phase material material of magnetic is few, and these materials or be that magnetic is strong not, be exactly that ferroelectricity is more weak, or be exactly Curie temperature lower (only have and at low temperatures just there is magnetic and ferroelectricity).Solid-state multi-ferroic material has the following disadvantages: 1, the coercive force of solid-state multi-ferroic material is larger, when carry out modulator magnetic with magnetic field or electric field or ferroelectric time, the magnetic field of needs or electric field are also just larger; 2., in time studying its magnetoelectric effect, find that the weak change of Benefit Transfer is not obvious; 3. apply electric field easy greatly by multi-ferroic material damage, cause waste of material; 4. multi-ferroic material just can not change once shaping.Liquid multi-ferroic material have not been reported, and does not also have " multiferroic liquid " this concept in the world.This is because, when multi-ferroic material is in liquefaction then, temperature is general all higher than its ferroelectrie Curie temperature or ferromagnetic Curie temperature, and now multi-ferroic material has lost ferroelectricity and (or) ferromagnetism (or ferrimagnetism, antiferromagnetism).Therefore, this concept that we propose first " multiferroic liquid ", and give its preparation method.
Summary of the invention
In order to solve the deficiency of solid-state multi-ferroic material, the invention provides a kind of multiferroic liquid and preparation method thereof.
The present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions:
A kind of multiferroic liquid, comprises the nano particle of multiferroic, base fluid and surfactant; The inside of described nano particle is magnetic material, and the outer surface of described magnetic material is wrapped up completely by ferroelectric material; Described base fluid and described surfactant Homogeneous phase mixing are mixing material, and described nano particle is dispersed in described mixing material and forms stable suspension.
Further, the Li Jing≤20nm of described nano particle.
Further, described nano particle is nanoparticle or the nano wire with multiferroic.
Further, described base fluid is water, organic liquid or aqueous organopolysiloxane.
Further, described base fluid is silicone oil, detergent alkylate or Polybutene oil.
Further, described surfactant is oleic acid, aminododecane, fluorine ether acid, laurate, phenyl undecanoic acid at least one.
Prepare the method for above-mentioned arbitrary described multiferroic liquid, comprise the following steps:
Prepare the nano particle of base fluid, surfactant and drying;
Base fluid and surfactant are uniformly mixed into mixing material, nano particle being added is equipped with in the container of mixing material again, shake container is avoided reuniting, precipitating by nanoparticulate dispersed, airtight container to be also placed on shaking table shake the nano particle of multiferroic is dispersed in mixing material uniformly, thus obtain the multiferroic liquid that stable nano particle volume integral number is V%
Further, the shaking table shake time is greater than half an hour.
Further, in order to make multiferroic liquid more stable, described V% is less than 20%.
Further, in order to make multiferroic liquid more stable, described V% is less than 2%.
Beneficial effect of the present invention:
1, for solid-state multi-iron material, because its coercive force is larger, when carry out modulator magnetic with magnetic field or electric field or ferroelectric time, the field of needs is larger.And multiferroic liquid, its coercive force is less, due to nanoparticle suspension in a liquid, nano particle is subject to the impact of Brownian movement, and the resistance of liquid for nanoparticle movement is much little relative to solid.Under external force, nano particle can rotate in a liquid, and its magnetic moment direction or polarised direction just can correspondingly change, and then inside solid, crystal grain obviously can not rotate, and resistance is very large.
2, for solid-state multi-iron material, when studying its magnetoelectric effect, find that magnetoelectric effect is more weak.Very little to the change of magnetic property when applying electric field, or, very little on the impact of its ferroelectric properties when applying magnetic field.For multiferroic liquid, each nano particle has ferroelectricity and magnetic, and when applying electric field, nano particle just rotates, and its magnetic moment also rotates thereupon; Otherwise when applying magnetic field, nano particle, will at ease rotation under magnetic direction owing to being magnetic, and polarised direction also changes; As long as apply very little electric field or magnetic field, magnetic moment direction or polarised direction just can be made to rotate.Multiferroic liquid improves magnetoelectric effect.
3, for solid-state multi-ferroic material, apply electric field excessive, solid-state multi-ferroic material is easy to be damaged by electric field breakdown, and this puncturing is permanent, can not recover.For multiferroic liquid, after some points are broken down by electric field breakdown, only need to remove electricity (magnetic) field, shake, and then apply electricity (magnetic) field, multiferroic liquid can recover again to use.And multiferroic liquid only needs very little electric field just can change its polarised direction, be therefore also not easy breakdown.
4, for solid-state multi-ferroic material, structure, once shaping, just can not change.And multiferroic liquid, due to the mobility of liquid, after applying electricity (magnetic) field, the length thickness of nano chain can be changed easily.The internal structure of multiferroic liquid is variable.Just not to electricity (magnetic) field when not needing, just apply electricity (magnetic) field when needing, after being finished, just can remove electricity (magnetic) field.And by changing the parameter such as size, direction, gradient of electricity (magnetic) field, can arbitrarily control the structure of nano chain.Such as, become photovoltaic cell, use solid-state multi-ferroic material, the thickness of thin layer is exactly constant, and the distance between electrode, the area of electrode are all constant; If nano wire, so the length thickness distance of nano wire is all invariable.Use multiferroic liquid, then by changing the factors such as electricity size direction, (magnetic) field, the length of nano chain, thickness, distance can be changed.
5, multiferroic liquid, has magneto optical effect, refraction effect, these performances do not had in solid iron electric material.
6, under electric field or magnetic fields, in solid-state multi-ferroic material, the orientation of electricdomain can only along some orientation close to direction of an electric field, might not along direction of an electric field, and for ferroelectric multiferroic liquid, because ferroelectric nano particle can freely rotate in a liquid, therefore the orientation of its electricdomain can completely along direction of an electric field.
Because multiferroic liquid has ferroelectricity, magnetic and mobility simultaneously, therefore there is the electricity of many uniquenesses, magnetics, fluid mechanics, optics and acoustic characteristic.When multiferroic liquid is placed in uniform electric field or the magnetic field of some strength, when a branch of polarised light passes, the electric vector of polarised light is parallel to external electric field direction and can there are differences perpendicular to external electric field direction absorbing state, thus optically anisotropy, will produce a series of electro optic effect such as Faraday effect, birefringence effect.Multiferroic liquid has the phenomenons such as conductivity frequency dispersion, ferroelectric viscosity in alternating field.Equally, the magnetic of multiferroic liquid can be controlled by electric field, also can apply magnetic field conversely to change its electrical property.
In a word, the present invention proposes multiferroic liquid first and provides preparation method, and new direction has been opened up in the research for multi-ferroic material.And use of the present invention by magnetic material be core, ferroelectric substance coated magnetic material is the nano particle that shell forms, preparation is simple, and this nano particle has ferroelectricity and magnetic simultaneously, also there is mobility, simultaneously all very sensitive to magnetic (electricity) field, make multiferroic liquid of the present invention have magnetoelectric effect, the magnetoelectric effect of more solid-state multi-ferroic material is stronger.The material of multiferroic of the present invention, has certain using value in transducer, air locking etc.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is multiferroic liquid schematic diagram of the present invention;
Fig. 2 be multiferroic liquid of the present invention magnetic (electricity) field or magnetic field electric field simultaneously in the presence of nano particle be arranged in chain along the direction of magnetic (electricity) field;
Fig. 3 is the TEM figure of the multiferroic liquid of CFO-BFO nucleocapsid structure;
Fig. 4 is the magnetization curve of CFO-BFO Core-shell Structure Nanoparticles;
The magnetization curve of Fig. 5 to be volume fraction be CFO-BFO nucleocapsid structure multiferroic liquid of 2%.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with embodiment and accompanying drawing, the invention will be further described.
A kind of multiferroic liquid, comprises the nano particle of multiferroic, base fluid and surfactant.The inside of described nano particle is the core that magnetic material forms nano particle, the preferred tri-iron tetroxide of described magnetic material (Fe3O4), Conjugate ferrite (CoFe
2o
4, write a Chinese character in simplified form CFO) or (γ-Fe
2o
3(those skilled in the art should know also can use other magnetic materials); The outer surface of described ferroelectric material is wrapped up the shell forming nano particle completely by magnetic material, the preferred barium titanate of described ferroelectric material (BTO) or lead zirconate titanate (PZT) (those skilled in the art should know also can use other ferroelectric substances), form the nano particle of the multiferroic of magnetic-electric nucleocapsid structure.Described base fluid and described surfactant Homogeneous phase mixing are mixing material, and described nano particle is dispersed in described mixing material and forms stable suspension.With the nano particle of ferroelectric material coated magnetic material, because ferroelectric material is on the surface of nano particle, be easy to the impact being subject to electric field, therefore very little electric field applied to multiferroic liquid and also can have an impact to nano particle.Li Jing≤the 20nm of described nano particle.The particle diameter of nano particle is the smaller the better, and particle diameter is less, and due to coulomb motion, nano particle is just less likely to occur precipitation.Otherwise particle diameter is larger, owing to being subject to Action of Gravity Field, just easily precipitating, can not suspension be formed.If particle diameter is large, just must selects the base fluid body that density is also very large, offset gravity with buoyancy, just harsher to the selection of base fluid like this, alternative base fluid is just fewer.Described nano particle is nanoparticle or the nano wire with multiferroic.Described base fluid is water, organic liquid or aqueous organopolysiloxane.In order to characterize the multiferroic of multiferroic liquid, just need to apply electric field to multiferroic liquid, make the multiferroic particulate in liquid polarized.Therefore, the liquid that base fluid just should select conductivity very poor, as the grease class close to insulation, should have some other performance in addition: breakdown strength is high, dielectric loss angle tangent is little, and insulation resistivity is high, and relative dielectric constant is little; Next has excellent process based prediction model.As vapourizing temperature is high, flash-point is high, and difficulty is fired or do not fired as far as possible; Solidifying point is low, suitable viscosity and viscosity-temperature profile; Thermal conductivity is large, and specific heat capacity is large; Heat stability is good, resistance to oxidation; Inspiratory little under electric field action; Compatibility between it and the solid material contacted with it will be got well; Toxicity is low, easily biological-degradable.Also require that source is wide, price is low.Base fluid is preferably for the silicone oil under high temperature, detergent alkylate or polybutene wet goods.Select the surfactant oleic acid, aminododecane, fluorine ether acid, laurate or the phenyl undecanoic acid that match with the dielectricity of base fluid.Selected surfactant can wrap up described nano particle and can be dissolved in again in selected base fluid.
The preparation of CFO-BTO magnetic-electric nucleocapsid structure multiferroic liquid
1st step: preparation has ferromagnetic CFO nano particle
By FeCl
36H
2o (0.04mol, 100mL) and Co (NO
3)
26H
2o (0.02mol, 100mL) mixes, and adds NaOH (0.35mol, 500mL), then mixed solution is heated to boiling, the rapid stirring of companion; Boiling takes off natural sedimentation after continuing 1min; Abundant precipitation uses the H (NO) of 1mol/L afterwards
3solution cleans sediment until pH value is 7; Then cleaning products therefrom is obtained after acetone dehydration, the operation such as dry required there is ferromagnetic CFO nano particle.
2nd step: prepare CFO-BTO magnetic-electric Core-shell Structure Nanoparticles with sol-gel process
1) preparation of barium precursor liquid: join in barium acetate by appropriate glacial acetic acid, is placed in 80 DEG C of thermostat water bath heating for dissolving, is transferred in volumetric flask after cooling, adopts buret to drip ethylene glycol ethyl ether constant volume and namely obtains Ba precursor liquid.2) preparation of titanium precursor liquid: join in butyl titanate as mixed solvent using glacial acetic acid and ethylene glycol ethyl ether, transfers in volumetric flask after dissolving, and adopts buret instillation ethylene glycol ethyl ether constant volume namely to obtain Ti precursor liquid.Ti precursor liquid is added drop-wise in Ba precursor liquid, adds appropriate acetylacetone,2,4-pentanedione after dropping to adjust dissolved adhesiveness, after mixing, namely obtained the colloidal sol of pure barium titanate through 24 hours.If the colloidal sol of barium titanate doping need be prepared, only need add appropriate La precursor liquid, Nd precursor liquid or Co precursor liquid simultaneously, after hours aging through 24, namely obtain the colloidal sol of barium titanate doping.If be necessary, ethanol in proper amount amine also can be added to control the viscosity of colloidal sol.Then joining in colloidal sol by the CFO magnetic nanoparticle prepared in step 1, finally toasted on heating station by the mixture of the colloidal sol obtained and particulate, put into box type furnace and sinter after drying, is 900 DEG C in sintering temperature, and the time is 2h.After fully being ground by products therefrom, obtain the required CFO-BTO nano particle with magnetic-electric nucleocapsid structure.
3rd step: the preparation of CFO-BTO magnetic-electric nucleocapsid structure multiferroic liquid
According to demand, the CFO-BTO magnetic-electric Core-shell Structure Nanoparticles that has of certain mass is dispersed in certain density silicone oil uniformly.The features such as silicone oil has high-low temperature resistant, chemical stability is good, steam forces down, viscosity temperature influence is little are the desirable carrier fluids of multiferroic liquid.But the characteristic of silicone oil water and oil repellence makes must have oleophylic performance by having the surfactant that CFO-BTO magnetic-electric Core-shell Structure Nanoparticles is dispersed in wherein, and can coated magnetic particulate, otherwise easily there is the phenomenons such as reunion, sedimentation.Select oleic acid as surfactant.
Be specially: configuration particulate volume fraction is 5%, cumulative volume is 100ml has CFO-BTO magnetic-electric nucleocapsid structure multiferroic liquid, and so, required particulate volume is 5ml, and its density is about 6g/cm
3, then the quality of particulate is needed to be 30g; The concentration of oleic acid is 2%, then need the oleic acid measuring 2ml; The volume of silicone oil is 100-5-2=93ml.
First, what weigh 30g has that CFO-BTO magnetic-(volume is about 5cm to electric nucleocapsid structure
3), in the oleic acid joining 2ml and the mixed uniformly mixing material of 93ml silicone oil, shake, prevent nanoparticle agglomerates, precipitation, then in the vial that liquid is put into good seal or other container, shaking table carries out shake 1 hour.Then just obtain that microsome integration number is 5%, cumulative volume is 100ml has CFO-BTO magnetic-electric nucleocapsid structure multiferroic liquid.
Fig. 1 is multiferroic liquid schematic diagram, and in Fig. 1, the black part of circle inside represents the magnetic nano particle of tool, can be CFO, Fe
3o
4deng.The grey wrapping portion representative of black circles outer surface has ferroelectric integument, can be BTO, PZT etc.Regional Representative's base fluid of grey can be water, acid, oil, hydrocarbon etc.As shown in Figure 1, when not applying electricity (magnetic) field to multiferroic liquid, the nanoparticle arrangement in multiferroic liquid is random is in disordered state.
As shown in Figure 2, electricity (magnetic) field (or simultaneously applying the identical Electric and magnetic fields in direction) is applied to multiferroic liquid, along the direction of additional " field ", the nano particle simultaneously with ferroelectricity and magnetic just forms chain along the direction ordered arrangement of " field ", therefore other character of multiferroic liquid can be regulated and controled, such as light transmission.Therefore, apply the magnetic that electric field can regulate and control particulate, its ferroelectricity can also be regulated and controled; On the other hand, magnetic field is applied to multiferroic liquid, not only can regulate and control the magnetic of particulate, its ferroelectricity can also be regulated and controled.Illustrate that such liquid has magneto-electric coupled performance.Many regulation and control can be carried out to multiferroic liquid.There is certain using value in transducer, air locking etc.
Fig. 3 is the TEM figure of CFO-BFO nucleocapsid structure, and Fig. 4 is the magnetization curve of CFO-BFO nucleocapsid structure particulate, and as can be known from Fig. 4, for nano particle, its remanent magnetization is about 20emu/g, and coercive field is about 300Oe, and nano particle magnetic is stronger.The magnetization curve of Fig. 5 to be volume fraction be CFO-BFO nucleocapsid structure multiferroic liquid of 2%, as can be known from Fig. 5, nano particle presents superparamagnetism (not having remanent magnetism and coercive field).As long as illustrate that very little magnetic field just can make the magnetic moment direction of nano particle change.
Claims (10)
1. a multiferroic liquid, is characterized in that: comprise the nano particle of multiferroic, base fluid and surfactant; The inside of described nano particle is magnetic material, and the outer surface of described magnetic material is wrapped up completely by ferroelectric material; Described base fluid and described surfactant Homogeneous phase mixing are mixing material, and described nano particle is dispersed in described mixing material and forms stable suspension.
2. multiferroic liquid according to claim 1, is characterized in that: the Li Jing≤20nm of described nano particle.
3. multiferroic liquid according to claim 1, is characterized in that: described nano particle is nanoparticle or the nano wire with multiferroic.
4. multiferroic liquid according to claim 1, is characterized in that: described base fluid is water, organic liquid or aqueous organopolysiloxane.
5. multiferroic liquid according to claim 1, is characterized in that: described base fluid is silicone oil, detergent alkylate or Polybutene oil.
6. multiferroic liquid according to claim 1, is characterized in that: described surfactant is oleic acid, aminododecane, fluorine ether acid, laurate, phenyl undecanoic acid at least one.
7. prepare the method for the arbitrary described multiferroic liquid of claim 1 to 5, it is characterized in that: comprise the following steps:
Prepare the nano particle of base fluid, surfactant and drying;
Base fluid and surfactant are uniformly mixed into mixing material, nano particle being added is equipped with in the container of mixing material again, shake container is avoided reuniting, precipitating by nanoparticulate dispersed, airtight container to be also placed on shaking table shake the nano particle of multiferroic is dispersed in mixing material uniformly, thus obtain the multiferroic liquid that stable nano particle volume integral number is V%
8. the method preparing multiferroic liquid according to claim 7, is characterized in that: the shaking table shake time is greater than half an hour.
9. the method preparing multiferroic liquid according to claim 7, is characterized in that: described V% is less than 20%.
10. the method preparing multiferroic liquid according to claim 7, is characterized in that: described V% is less than 2%.
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