CN108250630A - 一种磷钼酸铜阻燃抑烟pvc硬质发泡板材及其制备方法 - Google Patents

一种磷钼酸铜阻燃抑烟pvc硬质发泡板材及其制备方法 Download PDF

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CN108250630A
CN108250630A CN201810135995.0A CN201810135995A CN108250630A CN 108250630 A CN108250630 A CN 108250630A CN 201810135995 A CN201810135995 A CN 201810135995A CN 108250630 A CN108250630 A CN 108250630A
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phosphomolybdic acid
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陈绪煌
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Abstract

本发明属于高分子材料应用领域，涉及一种磷钼酸铜阻燃抑烟PVC硬质发泡板材及其制备方法，其组分及其重量份为：PVC树脂粉100质量份、稳定剂3～6质量份、润滑剂0.5～2质量份、加工助剂1～3质量份、发泡剂1～4质量份、填料8～25质量份、阻燃抑烟剂3～6质量份。本发明以磷钼酸和碱式碳酸锌为原料，采用水浴条件下制备而成的磷钼酸铜作为阻燃抑烟剂，结合其他助剂添加到PVC硬质发泡板材的生产中，工艺简单，产率高，且阻燃抑烟效果明显。

Description

一种磷钼酸铜阻燃抑烟PVC硬质发泡板材及其制备方法
技术领域
本发明属于高分子材料应用领域，涉及一种磷钼酸铜阻燃抑烟PVC硬质发泡板材及其制备方法。
背景技术
PVC发泡板主要化学成分是聚氯乙烯(Polyvinyl chloride)，所以也称为泡沫聚氯乙烯板。被广泛应用于工业、农业、交通、建筑、通讯、医疗卫生等各领域，如工业零配件、蓬布、水管、塑料门窗、电缆保护套、医用制品等。硬质虽然PVC自身阻燃性能优异，但是发泡会造成PVC材料阻燃性能的下降，且密度越小下降的幅度越大，特别是其在空气中强制燃烧时会放出大量的黑烟，而黑烟是火灾中最致命的因素。因此需要对PVC硬质发泡板材进行阻燃抑烟处理。
发明内容
为解决上述问题，本发明提供一种磷钼酸铜阻燃抑烟PVC硬质发泡板材及其制备方法。
本发明提供一种磷钼酸铜阻燃抑烟PVC硬质发泡板材，其组分及其重量份为：PVC树脂粉100质量份、稳定剂3～6质量份、润滑剂0.5～2质量份、加工助剂1～3质量份、发泡剂1～4质量份、填料8～25质量份、阻燃抑烟剂3～6质量份。
具体的，所述的PVC树脂粉为SG-7树脂。
具体的，所述的稳定剂是钙锌复合热稳定剂。
具体的，所述的发泡剂为碳酸氢钠和偶氮二甲酰胺。
具体的，所述的润滑剂为聚乙烯蜡与硬脂酸。
具体的，所述加工助剂为丙烯酸酯共聚物。
具体的，所述的填料为1250目碳酸钙。
具体的，所述的阻燃抑烟剂为磷钼酸铜，由磷钼酸和碱式碳酸锌为原料，采用水浴条件下制备而成。
本发明提供上述任一项所述的磷钼酸铜阻燃抑烟PVC硬质发泡板材的制备方法，包括以下步骤：
1)将PVC树脂粉和助剂加入至热混锅中搅拌，当温度达到100～130℃后，搅拌2～5分钟，然后放到冷混锅中搅拌冷却，40～60℃左右时出料，物料冷混完毕后经筛分机进入干混料仓存放；
2)使用时将干混料送至挤出线，经挤出机螺杆各段温度为：Ⅰ区150℃、Ⅱ区165℃、Ⅲ区170℃、Ⅳ区170℃，使发泡剂分解释放气泡并融入熔体中；
3)熔体挤出模具后，立即进入定型套冷却定型，进入水箱进一步冷却，经过牵引机后切割为成品。
本发明的阻燃抑烟机理在于：磷钼酸铜(Cu3[PMo12O40]2)在加热过程中，受热分解成铜化合物，促进PVC燃烧过程分解生成烯丙基氯基团，产生交联，减少了共轭多烯链形成，导致分子内环化反应被抑制，进而造成PVC降解时苯的生成量降低，从而起到对PVC的抑烟作用。与此同时，还原偶联反应还消除了烯丙基氯基团的分解作用，抑制了“拉链式”连锁脱HCl反应，减缓了PVC的热分解，提高了PVC的热稳定性能，起到阻燃作用。
PVC树脂粉用SG-7树脂，是基体；稳定剂是钙锌复合热稳定剂，提高PVC加工过程稳定性，而且是环保稳定剂；加工助剂为丙烯酸酯共聚物，简称ACR，促进PVC树脂塑化；发泡剂为碳酸氢钠和偶氮二甲酰胺；润滑剂为聚乙烯蜡与硬脂酸，聚乙烯蜡是外润滑剂，硬脂酸为内润滑剂；填料为1250目轻质碳酸钙，促进PVC塑化，提高其韧性与拉伸强度。
本发明的有益效果在于：由磷钼酸和碱式碳酸锌为原料，采用水浴条件下制备PVC硬质发泡板材的阻燃抑烟剂磷钼酸铜(Cu3[PMo12O40]2)。磷钼酸铜阻燃抑烟剂能够提高PVC硬质发泡板材的氧指数，抑制PVC硬质发泡板材的发烟量，且效果明显。添加阻燃抑烟剂磷钼酸铜的PVC硬质发泡板材具有生产工艺简单，产率高，产物阻燃抑烟效果明显等特点。
具体实施方式
下面对本发明的技术方案作进一步说明，但并不局限于此，凡采用对本发明技术方案同等替换或修改，而不脱离本发明技术原理及主旨，均应涵盖在本发明要求的保护范围。
实施例1
各组分都是按照重量份称取，分别SG-7树脂100质量份、钙锌复合热稳定剂3质量份、聚乙烯蜡0.3质量份、硬脂酸0.2质量份、加工助剂ACR2质量份、碳酸氢钠1.2质量份、偶氮二甲酰胺0.5质量份、1250目碳酸钙11质量份、磷钼酸铜4质量份。
实施例2
各组分都是按照重量份称取，分别SG-7树脂100质量份、钙锌复合热稳定剂5质量份、聚乙烯蜡0.4质量份、硬脂酸0.5质量份、加工助剂ACR3质量份、碳酸氢钠1.6质量份、偶氮二甲酰胺0.6质量份、1250目碳酸钙8质量份、磷钼酸铜5质量份。
实施例3
各组分都是按照重量份称取，分别SG-7树脂100质量份、钙锌复合热稳定剂6质量份、聚乙烯蜡0.3质量份、硬脂酸0.5质量份、加工助剂ACR2质量份、碳酸氢钠1.3质量份、偶氮二甲酰胺0.4质量份、1250目碳酸钙25质量份、磷钼酸铜6质量份。
实施例4
各组分都是按照重量份称取，分别SG-7树脂100质量份、钙锌复合热稳定剂4质量份、聚乙烯蜡0.5质量份、硬脂酸0.7质量份、加工助剂ACR1质量份、碳酸氢钠0.9质量份、偶氮二甲酰胺0.3质量份、1250目碳酸钙15质量份、磷钼酸铜3质量份。
实施例5
各组分都是按照重量份称取，分别SG-7树脂100质量份、钙锌复合热稳定剂4质量份、聚乙烯蜡0.3质量份、硬脂酸0.2质量份、加工助剂ACR1.5质量份、碳酸氢钠0.7质量份、偶氮二甲酰胺0.3质量份、1250目碳酸钙16质量份、磷钼酸铜5质量份。
对比实施例
各组分都是按照重量份称取，分别SG-7树脂100质量份、钙锌复合热稳定剂4质量份、聚乙烯蜡0.3质量份、硬脂酸0.2质量份、加工助剂ACR2质量份、碳酸氢钠1.2质量份、偶氮二甲酰胺0.5质量份、1250目碳酸钙11质量份、阻燃抑烟剂5份。使用三氧化钼和八钼酸铵按质量比3:2作为复合阻燃抑烟剂。
空白样
各组分都是按照重量份称取，分别SG-7树脂100质量份、钙锌复合热稳定剂4质量份、聚乙烯蜡0.3质量份、硬脂酸0.2质量份、加工助剂ACR2质量份、碳酸氢钠1.2质量份、偶氮二甲酰胺0.5质量份、1250目碳酸钙11质量份。
实施例1～5、空白样及对比实施例均按照下面步骤进行制备：
1)将PVC树脂和各种辅料称量后放入热混锅中搅拌，当温度达到100～130℃左右时，搅拌2～5分钟，然后放到冷混锅中搅拌冷却，40～60℃左右时出料，物料冷混完毕后经筛分机进入干混料仓存放；
2)使用时通过搅笼及链式输送器将干混料从干混料仓送到各条挤出线上，粉末状的物料从挤出线上的料斗进入挤出机后，随着不断的前移，慢慢从固态转化为粘流态，发泡剂也开始分解，但由于挤出机及模具特殊结构，使得机筒及模具内的熔体压力非常高，发泡剂分解放出的气体在高压力下溶入PVC熔体之中，其中挤出机组各区的温度设定：Ⅰ区150℃、Ⅱ区165℃、Ⅲ区170℃、Ⅳ区170℃，模唇温度为80℃、定径台温度为25℃；
3)当熔体被挤出模具后，由于熔体突然失去压力，溶解在熔体中的气泡迅速膨胀发泡，这时立刻进入定型套冷却定型，然后再进入水箱进一步冷却，经过牵引机后按要求切割为一定长度的成品。
对上述制备得到的板材进行性能测试，结果见表1。
表1阻燃抑烟性能测试结果
氧指数％ 烟密度MSD 烟密度等级SDR
空白样 31.55 91.58 78.33
实施例1 36.26 73.74 60.06
实施例2 39.37 65.17 49.75
实施例3 42.94 62.55 48.26
实施例4 35.65 74.64 60.61
实施例5 40.28 70.55 49.67
对比实施例 36.68 74.36 62.63
上述实施例和空白样及对比实施例比较看出，磷钼酸铜的应用比三氧化钼和八钼酸铵按质量比3:2作为复合阻燃抑烟剂的氧指数较大、烟密度较小，且磷钼酸铜质量份更高的实施例2、3和5的烟密度效果更好。

Claims (9)

1.一种磷钼酸铜阻燃抑烟PVC硬质发泡板材，其特征在于，其组分及其重量份为：PVC树脂粉100质量份、稳定剂3～6质量份、润滑剂0.5～2质量份、加工助剂1～3质量份、发泡剂1～4质量份、填料8～25质量份、阻燃抑烟剂3～6质量份。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种磷钼酸铜阻燃抑烟PVC硬质发泡板材，其特征在于：所述的PVC树脂粉为SG-7树脂。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种磷钼酸铜阻燃抑烟PVC硬质发泡板材，其特征在于：所述的稳定剂是钙锌复合热稳定剂。
4.根据权利要求1所述的一种磷钼酸铜阻燃抑烟PVC硬质发泡板材，其特征在于：所述的发泡剂为碳酸氢钠和偶氮二甲酰胺。
5.根据权利要求1所述的一种磷钼酸铜阻燃抑烟PVC硬质发泡板材，其特征在于：所述的润滑剂为聚乙烯蜡与硬脂酸。
6.根据权利要求1所述的一种磷钼酸铜阻燃抑烟PVC硬质发泡板材，其特征在于：所述加工助剂为丙烯酸酯共聚物。
7.根据权利要求1所述的一种磷钼酸铜阻燃抑烟PVC硬质发泡板材，其特征在于：所述的填料为1250目碳酸钙。
8.根据权利要求1所述的一种磷钼酸铜阻燃抑烟PVC硬质发泡板材，其特征在于：所述的阻燃抑烟剂为磷钼酸铜，由磷钼酸和碱式碳酸锌为原料，采用水浴条件下制备。
9.根据权利要求1～8任一项所述的磷钼酸铜阻燃抑烟PVC硬质发泡板材的制备方法，其特征在于：包括以下步骤：
1)将PVC树脂粉和助剂加入至热混锅中搅拌，当温度达到100～130℃后，搅拌2～5分钟，然后放到冷混锅中搅拌冷却，40～60℃左右时出料，物料冷混完毕后经筛分机进入干混料仓存放；
2)使用时将干混料送至挤出线，经挤出机螺杆各段温度为：Ⅰ区150℃、Ⅱ区165℃、Ⅲ区170℃、Ⅳ区170℃，使发泡剂分解释放气泡并融入熔体中；
3)熔体挤出模具后，立即进入定型套冷却定型，进入水箱进一步冷却，经过牵引机后切割为成品。
CN201810135995.0A 2018-02-09 2018-02-09 一种磷钼酸铜阻燃抑烟pvc硬质发泡板材及其制备方法 Pending CN108250630A (zh)

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