CN108237739A - 一种自定型预增韧纤维预成型体的制备方法 - Google Patents

一种自定型预增韧纤维预成型体的制备方法 Download PDF

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CN108237739A
CN108237739A CN201711414921.2A CN201711414921A CN108237739A CN 108237739 A CN108237739 A CN 108237739A CN 201711414921 A CN201711414921 A CN 201711414921A CN 108237739 A CN108237739 A CN 108237739A
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fiber
yarn
fiber preform
suture
polyamide
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邓华
高军鹏
闫丽
安学锋
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AVIC Composite Corp Ltd
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Abstract

本发明属于复合材料技术领域，涉及一种自定型预增韧纤维预成型体的制备方法。本发明提出的自定型纤维预成型体是一种纤维方向可自由设计的预成型体，可根据复合材料制件不同位置的力学性能要求进行剪裁，适用于制备以下结构：(1)以刚度设计为主的次承力结构件；(2)开孔结构，减小开孔处的应力集中，如机身舱门、舷窗和机翼上的口盖；(3)结构连接结构，优化多钉连接钉载分配、挤压与旁路载荷分配。制备得到的纤维预成型体通过复合材料液态传递模塑成型工艺(RTM)、真空吸注工艺(VARI)或树脂膜熔渗工艺(RFI)可实现复合材料的低成本制造。同时，提高缝合复合材料层合板的抗冲击性能，改善材料的损伤阻抗和损伤容限。

Description

一种自定型预增韧纤维预成型体的制备方法
技术领域
本发明属于复合材料技术领域，涉及一种自定型预增韧纤维预成型体的制备方法。
背景技术
纤维曲线自动铺放技术可以精确控制复合材料层合板中每一层内的纤维丝束的角度，实现复合材料层合板的刚度和强度的自由裁剪，达到优化设计的目的。纤维曲线铺放技术包括自动铺丝技术(Automatic Fibre Placement，AFP)、纤维铺缝技术(TailoredFiber Placemen，TFP)和连续丝束剪切技术(Continuous Tow Shearing，CTS)。与自动铺带技术相比，纤维曲线自动铺放技术可实现更小的曲率半径，力学性能可设计性更强，同时适用于铺放具有变曲率外形的复合材料制件。除此之外，采用纤维曲线铺放工艺制备的含开孔结构的复合材料制件可以避免应力集中的问题，显著提高结构效率。
TFP技术是基于刺绣技术开发的，将纤维铺放路径通过计算机辅助设计软件中创建，然后输入到纤维铺缝设备中，设备将按设计好的铺缝路径自动执行命令，得到铺放精度较高的纤维预成形体。与AFP技术使用的预浸丝不同，TFP技术使用干纤维作为铺放材料，可实现更小的铺放曲率，制备得到的纤维预成型体通过复合材料液态传递模塑成型工艺(RTM)、真空吸注工艺(VARI)或树脂膜熔渗工艺(RFI)可实现复合材料的低成本制造。
TFP技术使用常规缝线如尼龙线或涤纶线固定纤维，过程中会造成纤维一定程度上弯曲，缝线在树脂固化过程中不熔不溶，复合材料固化后纤维弯曲状态保留，造成面内性能下降，尤其压缩性能。同时，缝线在树脂固化过程中不熔不溶，在复合材料层间占据了一定的空间位置，造成复合材料层间区域变大，降低复合材料的纤维体积分数，造成力学性能的降低。常规缝线多采用捻线机制备，纱线内部存在的狭小空隙无法被树脂填充，在复合材料固化后会成为缺陷，进一步弱化复合材料的性能。同时，采用TFP织物制备异型件时需要额外使用定型剂定型，存在定型剂涂覆均匀性较难控制的问题。
发明内容
本发明的目的是针对现有技术中存在的不足，提出一种自定型预增韧纤维预成型体的制备方法。
本发明的技术解决方案是，
以纤维作为增强体，纱线为缝线，织物为基材，采用纤维自动铺缝设备制备按设计好的铺缝路径自动执行命令，得到纤维预成型体，
所述纤维的种类包括下列任意一种或多种纤维的组合：碳纤维、玻璃纤维、硼纤维、碳化硅纤维、芳纶纤维、聚酰胺纤维、聚酯纤维或超高分子量聚乙烯纤维；
所述的缝线为低熔点的聚酰胺纱线，缝线包括面线和底线，缝线的熔点为80℃～150℃，低熔点聚酰胺纱线包括普通纱线或包芯线，其中包芯线包覆层为低熔点聚酰胺，内芯为其它类纤维；
所述的基材为尼龙网、涤纶网、玻璃纤维编织布、碳纤维编织布、玻璃纤维表面毡或聚酯无纺布；
将铺缝的单个或多个预成型体按设计要求铺叠，加热至聚酰胺纱线的熔点温度，施加压力0.05～0.1MPa并保温时间10～30分，带压冷却后即实现纤维预成型体的定型。
所述的将铺缝的单个或多个预成型体按设计要求铺叠，加热至高于聚酰胺纱线的熔点温度2～5℃以提高定型效果。
本发明具有的优点和有益效果，
本发明提出的自定型纤维预成型体是一种纤维方向可自由设计的预成型体，可根据复合材料制件不同位置的力学性能要求进行剪裁，适用于制备以下结构：(1)以刚度设计为主的次承力结构件；(2)开孔结构，减小开孔处的应力集中，如机身舱门、舷窗和机翼上的口盖；(3)结构连接结构，优化多钉连接钉载分配、挤压与旁路载荷分配。制备得到的纤维预成型体通过复合材料液态传递模塑成型工艺(RTM)、真空吸注工艺(VARI)或树脂膜熔渗工艺(RFI)可实现复合材料的低成本制造。同时，缝合线能够有效抑制分层的产生和裂纹的扩展，提高缝合复合材料层合板的抗冲击性能，改善材料的损伤阻抗和损伤容限。
本发明使用低熔点聚酰胺纤维作为缝线，具有以下优点：(1)低熔点的聚酰胺缝线熔融状态下粘度较低，粘接性好，无需使用定型剂即可实现自定型，解决了定型剂使用过程中均匀性较难控制的问题；(2)缝线熔融后表面摩擦力释放，丝束更容易展开，单层厚度降低，同时缝线呈扁平状态，层间区域变薄，能提高复合材料的纤维体积分数，提高复合材料力学性能；(3)缝线在定型过程中应力释放，降低了纤维弯曲程度，纤维直线度更高，能提高复合材料由纤维控制的力学性能；(4)缝线在定型熔融过程中在压力作用下压实，内部空隙得到抑制，显著减少缺陷的数量。
复合材料RTM工艺要求树脂在注射温度下具有较低的粘度，传统的增韧方法例如添加纳米颗粒会显著提高树脂的粘度，从而影响树脂的成型工艺性。通过将增韧体引入到纤维预成型体可以提高复合材料的韧性，是实现RTM成型复合材料增韧的新路径。本发明使用的低熔点的聚酰胺缝线表面活性基团显著高于传统缝线，对树脂基体具有更好的增韧效果，可显著提高复合材料体系的韧性，抑制裂纹扩展和分层的形成，提高复合材料的损伤容限。
具体实施方式
以高性能纤维作为增强体，低熔点的聚酰胺纱线为缝线，玻璃纤维布等为基材，采用纤维自动铺缝设备制备按设计好的铺缝路径自动执行命令，得到纤维预成型体。
所述纤维的种类包括下列任意一种或多种纤维的组合：碳纤维、玻璃纤维、硼纤维、碳化硅纤维、芳纶纤维、聚酰胺纤维、聚酯纤维或超高分子量聚乙烯纤维。
所述的缝线(包括面线和底线)使用低熔点聚酰胺纱线，缝线的熔点为80℃～150℃。低熔点聚酰胺纱线包括普通纱线和包芯线，其中包芯线包覆层为低熔点聚酰胺，内芯为其它类纤维。熔点越低，定型效率越高，能耗越低，在满足复合材料耐温性的基础上尽可能选择熔点较低的缝线。
所述的基材为尼龙网、涤纶网、玻璃纤维编织布、碳纤维编织布、玻璃纤维表面毡或聚酯无纺布。
将铺缝的单个或多个子预成型体按设计要求铺叠，由于所使用的原材料表面状态不同，未达到良好的定型效果，可加热至缝线熔点温度以上进行定型，施加合适的压力并保温一定时间，带压冷却后即实现纤维预成型体的定型。
实施例1
选用T300(6k)碳纤维丝束，缝线选用熔点为85℃的聚酰胺纱线，基材选用玻璃布(EW100a)，纤维铺缝束宽为1.8mm，针距为7mm，纤维角度为0°，铺缝层数为4层，经纤维铺缝设备铺缝得到预成型体。
实施例2
选用T700(12k)碳纤维丝束，缝线选用熔点为95℃的聚酰胺纱线，基材选用涤纶筛网(250目)，纤维铺缝束宽为3.6mm，针距为5mm，纤维铺缝层数为6层，铺缝形状为圆环，角度为[60/-60/0/0/-60/60]，其中0°为沿环向方向，经纤维铺缝设备铺缝得到圆环形预成型体。
实施例3
选用Kevlar-29(400tex)芳纶纤维丝束，缝线选用熔点为115℃的聚酰胺纱线，基材选用尼龙筛网(250目)，纤维铺缝束宽为2.7mm，针距为5mm，纤维铺缝层数为8层，角度为[45/0/-45/90]s，经纤维铺缝设备铺缝得到预成型体。

Claims (2)

1.一种自定型预增韧纤维预成型体的制备方法，以纤维作为增强体，纱线为缝线，织物为基材，采用纤维自动铺缝设备制备按设计好的铺缝路径自动执行命令，得到纤维预成型体，其特征是，
所述纤维的种类包括下列任意一种或多种纤维的组合：碳纤维、玻璃纤维、硼纤维、碳化硅纤维、芳纶纤维、聚酰胺纤维、聚酯纤维或超高分子量聚乙烯纤维；
所述的缝线为低熔点的聚酰胺纱线，缝线包括面线和底线，聚酰胺的熔点为80℃～150℃，低熔点聚酰胺纱线包括普通纱线或包芯线，其中包芯线包覆层为低熔点聚酰胺，内芯为其它类纤维；
所述的基材为尼龙网、涤纶网、玻璃纤维编织布、碳纤维编织布、玻璃纤维表面毡或聚酯无纺布；
将铺缝的单个或多个预成型体按设计要求铺叠，加热至聚酰胺纱线的熔点温度，施加压力0.05～0.1MPa并保温时间10～30分，带压冷却后即实现纤维预成型体的定型。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种自定型预增韧纤维预成型体的制备方法，其特征是，所述的将铺缝的单个或多个预成型体按设计要求铺叠，加热至高于聚酰胺纱线的熔点温度2～5℃以提高定型效果。
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CN109968699A (zh) * 2019-04-11 2019-07-05 北京匀乐科技有限公司 斜面缝扎机及其制作的刚性缝扎线网织增强保温板
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